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WLTP-2012-002-Definition table ISO, EU, ECE, USA-DC

Term ISO EC ECE (1958 Agreement)

ECE (1998 Agreement) GTRs

EPA Emissions EPA Fuel Economy

CARB incl. OBD

This table, based on an older file called WLTP-04-06e, has been expanded to include definitions from:

1. EPA and CARB, including 40 CFR Part 1065.2. WLTP document “WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-050-Definitions list_28-02-2011”.3. ECE-R 83 and ECE-R 101.4. 692/2008 and 715/2007 (many definitions from these two directives were already in table WLTP-04-06e).5. Current emissions and/or OBD-related GTRs.6. WLTP-DTP-E-LabProc-0xxx revised 015 27/05/20117. WLTP-DTP-PMPN-11-04rev.1, 10.10.20118. WLTP-DTP-E-LabProc-018, 26-27.05.20119. WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-112 (labelled in the cells GTR#112)

300 series stainless steel

40 CFR Part 1065 Any stainless steel alloy with a Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys number designated from S30100 to S39000. For all instances in this part where we specify 300 series stainless steel, such parts must also have a smooth inner-wall construction. We recommend an average roughness, R a, no greater than 4 µm.

Abnormally treated vehicle

Any diesel light-duty vehicle or diesel light-duty truck that is operated for less than five miles in a 30 day period immediately prior to conducting a





CARB incl. OBD

particulate emissions test.

Access to information

692/2008The availability of all vehicle OBD and vehicle repair and maintenance information, required for the inspection, diagnosis, servicing or repair of the vehicle.

The availability of all emission-related OBD data including all fault codes required for the inspection, diagnosis, servicing or repair of emissions-related parts of the vehicle, via the serial interface for the standard diagnostic connection (pursuant to Appendix 1 to this annex, paragraph 6.5.3.5.).

Accuracy GTR #112The difference between a measurement (measured value) and a reference value, traceable to a national standard.

The difference between a measurement and true value.

40 CFR Part 1065 the absolute difference between a reference quantity and the arithmetic mean of ten mean measurements of that quantity. Determine instrument accuracy, repeatability, and noise from the same data set. We specify a procedure for determining accuracy in §1065.305.

A/C Direct Emissions

Any refrigerant releases from a





CARB incl. OBD

motor vehicle's air conditioning system.

A/C Indirect Emissions

Any increase in motor vehicle exhaust CO2 emissions that can be attributed to the operation of the air conditioning system.

A/C system with reduced indirect emissions

Any system which meets all of the following criteria:A. Has managed outside and recirculated air balance to achieve comfort, demisting, and safety requirements, based on such factors as temperature, humidity, pressure, and level of fresh air in the passenger compartment to minimize compressor usage;B. Is optimized for energy efficiency by utilizing state-of-the-art high efficiency evaporators, condensers, and other components; andC. Has an externally





CARB incl. OBD

controlled compressor (such as an externally controlled variable displacement or variable speed compressor or an externally controlled fully cycling fixed displacement compressor) that adjusts evaporative temperature to minimize the necessity of reheating cold air to satisfy occupant comfort.

See: § 1961.1. Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - 2009 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.

Actual life OBDThe entire period that a vehicle is operated on public roads in California up to the time a vehicle is retired from use.

Add-on part Any aftermarket





CARB incl. OBD

part which is not a modified part or a replacement part.

Adjustable parameter

40 CFR Part 1065 Any device, system, or element of design that someone can adjust (including those which are difficult to access) and that, if adjusted, may affect emissions or engine performance during emission testing or normal in-use operation. This includes, but is not limited to, parameters related to injection timing and fuelling rate. In some cases, this may exclude a parameter that is difficult to access if it cannot be adjusted to affect emissions without significantly degrading engine performance, or if it will not be adjusted in a way that affects emissions during in-use operation.

Administrator The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or his authorized representative.

The Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board (ARB).

Aerodynamic diameter

40 CFR Part 1065 The diameter of a spherical water droplet





CARB incl. OBD

that settles at the same constant velocity as the particle being sampled.

Aerodynamic drag Resistance of the air to the motion of a vehicle

Aerodynamic stagnation point

Point on the surface of a vehicle where the wind velocity is equal to zero

Aftertreatment 40 CFR Part 1065 Relating to a catalytic converter, particulate filter, or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design function is to decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the environment. Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) and turbochargers are not aftertreatment.

Air conditioning system

40 CFR 86.1803-01 DefinitionsA unique combination of air conditioning and climate control components, including: compressor type (e.g., belt, gear, or electric-driven, or a combination of





CARB incl. OBD

compressor drive mechanisms); compressor refrigerant capacity; the number and type of rigid pipe and flexible hose connections; the number of high side service ports; the number of low side service ports; the number of switches, transducers, and expansion valves; the number of TXV refrigerant control devices; the number and type of heat exchangers, mufflers, receiver/dryers, and accumulators; and the length and type of flexible hose (e.g., rubber, standard barrier or veneer, ultra-low permeation).

Alcohol A mixture containing 85 per cent or more by volume methanol, ethanol, or other alcohols, in any combination.

Alcohol dual fuel automobile

An automobile: (1) Which is





CARB incl. OBD

designed to operate on alcohol and on gasoline or diesel fuel; and (2) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated in accordance with §600.510(g)(1) while operating on alcohol as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and (3) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds the minimum driving range established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR part 538.

Alcohol fuel Either methanol or ethanol as those terms are defined in these test procedures.

Alcohol-fuelled automobile

An automobile designed to operate exclusively on alcohol.

Alert system A system on board the vehicle which informs the driver of the vehicle or any other interested party





CARB incl. OBD

that the OBD system has detected a malfunction.

All Electric Range (AER)

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011The total distance driven electrically (with the engine off) before the engine turns on for the first time, after the battery has been fully charged.

All Electric Range city

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011All electric range related to the lower speed part of the new cycle (to be more precisely defined when the new cycle will be known)

All electric range test

A test sequence used to determine the range of an electric or hybrid electric vehicle without the use of its auxiliary power unit.DC: The rest of the definition describes in detail where the actual test is to be found





CARB incl. OBD

Alternative fuels Any fuel other than gasoline and diesel fuels, such as methanol, ethanol, and gaseous fuels.

Alternative fuel vehicle

715/2007A vehicle designed to be capable of running on at least one type of fuel that is either gaseous at atmospheric temperature and pressure, or substantially non-mineral oil derived.

ECE-R 83A vehicle designed to be capable of running on at least one type of fuel that is either gaseous at atmospheric temperature and pressure, or substantially non-mineral oil derived.

Ambient condition test

GTR #112 Verifying the average exhaust emissions after a cold start during test carried out at a set point [298 K] with a tolerance of the actual value of [ ± 5 K] and [5.5 ≤ H ≤ 12.2 (g H2O/kg dry air)].

Applicable standards

40 CFR Part 1065 An emission standard to which an engine is subject; or a family emission limit to which an engine is certified under an emission credit program in the standard-setting part.

OBDThe specific exhaust emission standards or family emission limits (FEL) of the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) to which the vehicle or engine is certified. For 2010 and subsequent model





CARB incl. OBD

year diesel engines, “applicable standards” shall also refer to the specific exhaust emission standards or family emission limits (FEL) of either the FTP or the Supplemental Emission Test (SET) to which the engine is certified, as determined according to section (d)(6).

Approach angle The smallest angle in a plan side view of an automobile, formed by the level surface on which the automobile is standing and a line tangent to the front tire static loaded radius arc and touching the underside of the automobile forward of the front tire.

Approval of a replacement catalytic converter

The approval of a converter intended to be fitted as a replacement part on one or more specific types of vehicles with regard to the limitation of pollutant emissions, noise level and effect on





CARB incl. OBD

vehicle performance and, where applicable, on the on-board diagnostic (OBD).

Approval of a vehicle

ECE-R 83:The approval of a vehicle type with regard to the limitation of the following conditions: Limitation of exhaust emissions by the vehicle, evaporative emissions, crankcase emissions, durability of pollution control devices, cold start pollutant emissions and on-board diagnostics of vehicles fuelled with unleaded petrol, or which can be fuelled with either unleaded petrol and LPG or NG (Approval B); Limitation of emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants, durability of pollution control devices and on-board diagnostics





CARB incl. OBD

of vehicles fuelled with diesel fuel (Approval C); Limitation of emissions of gaseous pollutants by the engine, crankcase emissions, durability of pollution control devices, cold start emissions and on-board diagnostics of vehicles fuelled with LPG or NG (Approval D);

ECE-R 101:The approval of a vehicle type with regard to the measurement of energy consumption (fuel or electric energy);

ECE-R 83The approval of a vehicle type with regard to the limitation of the following conditions2:a) limitation of exhaust emissions by the vehicle, evaporative emissions, crankcase





CARB incl. OBD

emissions, durability of pollution control devices, cold start pollutant emissions and on-board diagnostics of vehicles fuelled with unleaded petrol, or which can be fuelled with either unleaded petrol and LPG or NG/ biomethane or biofuels (Approval B);b) limitation of emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants, durability of pollution control devices and on-board diagnostics of vehicles fuelled with diesel fuel (Approval C) or which can be fuelled with either diesel fuel andbiofuel or biofuel;c) limitation of emissions of gaseous pollutants by the engine, crankcase emissions, durability of pollution control devices, cold start





CARB incl. OBD

emissions and on-board diagnostics of vehicles fuelled with LPG or NG/ biomethane (Approval D);

Aqueous condensation

40 CFR Part 1065 The precipitation of water-containing constituents from a gas phase to a liquid phase. Aqueous condensation is a function of humidity, pressure, temperature, and concentrations of other constituents such as sulphuric acid. These parameters vary as a function of engine intake-air humidity, dilution-air humidity, engine air-to-fuel ratio, and fuel composition—including the amount of hydrogen and sulphur in the fuel.

Atmospheric pressure

40 CFR Part 1065 The wet, absolute, atmospheric static pressure. Note that if you measure atmospheric pressure in a duct, you must ensure that there are negligible pressure losses between the atmosphere and your measurement location, and you must account for changes in the duct's static pressure





CARB incl. OBD

resulting from the flow.Automobile 49CFR 523.3

Any 4-wheeled vehicle propelled by fuel which is manufactured primarily for use on public streets, roads, and highways (except any vehicle operated exclusively on a rail or rails), and that either (1) Is rated at 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight or less; or (2) Which (i) Is rated more than 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight, but less than 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight, (ii) Is a type of vehicle for which the Administrator determines, under paragraph (b) of this section, average fuel economy standards are feasible, and (iii)(A) Is a type of vehicle for which the Administrator determines, under paragraph (b) of





CARB incl. OBD

this section, average fuel economy standards will result in significant energy conservation, or (B) Is a type of vehicle which the Administrator determines, under paragraph (b) of this section, is substantially used for the same purposes as vehicles described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.

Auto-ranging 40 CFR Part 1065 A gas analyser function that automatically changes the analyser digital resolution to a larger range of concentrations as the concentration approaches 100% of the analyser’s current range. Auto-ranging does not mean changing an analogue amplifier gain within an analyser.

Auxiliaries GTR #112Additional equipment/devices not required for vehicle operation

Auxiliary emission control device

40 CFR 86.082-2 Any element of design

An element of design as defined

OBDAny approved





CARB incl. OBD

(AECD) which senses temperature, vehicle speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, manifold vacuum, or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system.

40 CFR Part 1065 Defined as above.

in part 86 of this chapter.

AECD (as defined by 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 86.082-2 and 86.094-2).

40 CFR 86.082-2 and 86.094-2 are definitions

Auxiliary Emission Strategy (AES)

GTR 10An emission strategy that becomes active and replaces or modifies a base emission strategy for a specific purpose or purposes and in response to a specific set of ambient and/or operating conditions and only remains operational as long as those conditions exist.

Average fuel economy

The unique fuel economy value as computed under §600.510 for a specific class of





CARB incl. OBD

automobiles produced by a manufacturer that is subject to average fuel economy standards.

40 CFR 600.510-86 - Calculation of average fuel economy.

Axle clearance The vertical distance from the level surface on which an automobile is standing to the lowest point on the axle differential of the automobile.

Axle ratio The number of times the input shaft to the differential (or equivalent) turns for each turn of the drive wheels.

Base Emission Strategy (BES)

GTR 10An emission strategy that is active throughout the speed and load operating range of the engine unless an AES is activated.

Base fuel schedule OBDThe fuel calibration schedule programmed into the Powertrain





CARB incl. OBD

Control Module or PROM when manufactured or when updated by some off-board source, prior to any learned on-board correction.

Base level Base level has the meaning given in §600.002–08 of this chapter.

§600.002–08:A unique combination of basic engine, inertia weight class and transmission class.

Base tire Base tire has the meaning given in §600.002–08 of this chapter.

§600.002–08:The tire specified as standard equipment by the manufacturer.

Base vehicle Base vehicle has the meaning given in §600.002–08 of this chapter.

§600.002–08:The lowest priced version of each body style that makes up a car line.

Basic engine Basic engine has the meaning given in §600.002–08 of this chapter.

§600.002–08:A unique combination of manufacturer, engine displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system (e.g., type of fuel injection), catalyst usage, and other engine and emission control system characteristics





CARB incl. OBD

specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, basic engine means a unique combination of manufacturer and electric traction motor, motor controller, battery configuration, electrical charging system, energy storage device, and other components as specified by the Administrator.

Basic vehicle frontal area

The area enclosed by the geometric projection of the basic vehicle along the longitudinal axis, which includes tires but excludes mirrors and air deflectors, onto a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

Battery assisted combustion engine vehicle

Any vehicle that allows power to be delivered to the driven wheels solely by a combustion engine, but which uses a battery pack to store energy which may be derived through remote charging,





CARB incl. OBD

regenerative braking, and/or a flywheel energy storage system or other means which will be used by an electric motor to assist in vehicle operation.

Battery configuration

The electrochemical type, voltage, capacity (in Watt-hours at the c/3 rate), and physical characteristics of the battery used as the tractive energy device.

Bi-directional control

The capability of a diagnostic tool to send messages on the data bus that temporarily overrides the module's control over a sensor or actuator and gives control to the diagnostic tool operator. Bi-direc tional controls do not create permanent changes to engine or component calibrations.

The capability of a diagnostic tool to send messages on the data (bus) that temporarily overrides the module's control over a sensor or actuator and gives control to the diagnostic tool operator. Bidirectional controls do not create permanent changes to engine or component calibrations.

Bi-fuel gas vehicle 692/2008A bi fuel vehicle that can run on petrol and also on

ECE-R 83A bi-fuel vehicle that can run on petrol and also on





CARB incl. OBD

either LPG, NG/biomethane or hydrogen;

either LPG, NG/biomethane or hydrogen.

Bi-fuel vehicle 692/2008A vehicle with two separate fuel storage systems that can run part-time on two different fuels and is designed to run on only one fuel at a time;

ECE-R 83A vehicle with two separate fuel storage systems that can run part-time on two different fuels and is designed to run on only one fuel at a time.

Any motor vehicle that is engineered to be capable of operating on two fuels wherein the two fuels are stored on board in separate fuel tanks and metered separately, but in operation the two fuels are combusted together.

Biofuels 715/2007Liquid or gaseous fuel for transport produced from biomass;

ECE-R 83Liquid or gaseous fuel for transport, produced from biomass.

Body style A level of commonality in vehicle construction as defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g., sedan, convertible, fastback, hatchback).

A level of commonality in vehicle construction as defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g., sedan, convertible, fastback, hatchback) and number of seats ( i.e. , front, second, or third seat) requiring seat belts pursuant to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration safety regulations





CARB incl. OBD

in 49 CFR part 571. Station wagons and light trucks are identified as car lines.

Body type A name denoting a group of vehicles that are either in the same car line or in different car lines provided the only reason the vehicles qualify to be considered in different car lines is that they are produced by a separate division of a single manufacturer.

Breakover angle The supplement of the largest angle, in the plan side view of an automobile, that can be formed by two lines tangent to the front and rear static loaded radii arcs and intersecting at a point on the underside of the automobile.

Buoyancy correction

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011 Correction of the PM mass measurement to account for the effect of filter buoyancy in air.

C 1 equivalent (or basis)

40 CFR Part 1065 A convention of expressing HC concentrations based





CARB incl. OBD

on the total number of carbon atoms present, such that the C1equivalent of a molar HC concentration equals the molar concentration multiplied by the mean number of carbon atoms in each HC molecule. For example, the C1equivalent of 10 µmol/mol of propane (C3H8) is 30 µmol/mol. C1equivalent molar values may be denoted as “ppmC” in the standard-setting part.

Calculated load value

An indication of the current airflow divided by peak airflow, where peak airflow is corrected for altitude, if available. This definition provides a dimensionless number that is not engine specific and provides the service technician with an indication of the proportion of engine capacity that is being used (with wide open throttle as 100 per cent);

OBDAn indication of the per cent engine capacity that is being used and is defined in Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1979 "E/E Diagnostic Test Modes – Equivalent to ISO/DIS 15031-5:April 30, 2002", April 2002 (SAE J1979), incorporated by reference (section (g)(1.4)1). For diesel applications, the calculated load value is determined by the ratio of current output





CARB incl. OBD

torque to maximum output torque at current engine speed as defined by suspect parameter number (SPN) 92 of SAE J1939 “Recommended Practice for a Serial Control and Communications Vehicle Network” (SAE J1939), incorporated by reference.

Calibration GTR #112 Zero, span adjustment with calibration gases or calibration materials

The set of specifications, including tolerances, unique to a particular design, version, or application of a component or components assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its working range.

40 CFR Part 1065 The process of setting a measurement system's response so that its output agrees with a range of reference signals. Contrast with “verification”.

Calibration/ calibrating gas

A gas of known concentration which is used to establish the response curve of an





CARB incl. OBD

analyser.

40 CFR Part 1065 A purified gas mixture used to calibrate gas analysers. Calibration gases must meet the specifications of §1065.750. Note that calibration gases and span gases are qualitatively the same, but differ in terms of their primary function. Various performance verification checks for gas analysers and sample handling components might refer to either calibration gases or span gases.

Carbon-related exhaust emissions (CREE)

Carbon-related exhaust emissions (CREE) has the meaning given in §600.002–08 of this chapter.

§600.002-08: The summation of the carbon-containing constituents of the exhaust emissions, with each constituent adjusted by a coefficient representing the carbon weight fraction of each constituent relative to the CO2carbon weight fraction, as specified in §600.113–08. For example, carbon-





CARB incl. OBD

related exhaust emissions (weighted 55 per cent city and 45 per cent highway) are used to demonstrate compliance with fleet average CO2

emission standards outlined in §86.1818(c) of this chapter.

Car line A name denoting a group of vehicles within a make or car division which has a degree of commonality in construction (e.g., body, chassis). Car line does not consider any level of decor or opulence and is not generally distinguished by characteristics as roofline, number of doors, seats, or windows except for station wagons or light-duty trucks. Station wagons, light-duty trucks, and complete heavy-duty vehicles are considered to be different car lines than passenger cars.

A name denoting a group of vehicles within a make or car division which has a degree of commonality in construction (e.g., body, chassis). Car line does not consider any level of decor or opulence and is not generally distinguished by characteristics as roof line, number of doors, seats, or windows, except for station wagons or light-duty trucks. Station wagons and light-duty trucks are considered to be different car lines than passenger cars.

Certification 40 CFR Part 1065





CARB incl. OBD

Relating to the process of obtaining a certificate of conformity for an engine family that complies with the emission standards and requirements in the standard-setting part.

Certification authority

The authority that grants the compliance certification of an OBD system according to this GTR. Per extension, it means also the technical service that has been accredited to evaluate the technical compliance of the OBD system.

Certificate of Conformity

Executive Order certifying vehicles for sale in California.

Certification Section 39018 Finding by the state board that a motor vehicle, motor vehicle engine, or motor vehicle pollution control device has satisfied the criteria adopted by the state board for the control of specified air contaminants from vehicular sources.





CARB incl. OBD

Certification level The official exhaust or evaporative emission result from an emission-data vehicle which has been adjusted by the applicable mass deterioration factor and is submitted to the Executive Officer for use in determining compliance with an emission standard for the purpose of certifying a particular test group. For those test groups that are certified using reactivity adjustment factors developed by the manufacturer pursuant to Part II, Section D of these test procedures, the exhaust NMOG certification level shall include adjustment by the ozone deterioration factor.

Certified device A motor vehicle pollution control device with a certification, and includes a motor vehicle pollution control device





CARB incl. OBD

previously accredited or approved by the state board or by the Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Board. The term "accredited" or "approved" may continue to be used with respect to such devices previously accredited or approved.

Charge Depleting Actual Range (Rcda)

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011The distance travelled in a series of whole cycles in charge depleting mode until charge sustaining mode is detected. This range must be reported to the nearest 0.1 km.

Charge Depleting (CD) break off criteria

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011A criteria [To be defined and the unit as well] which determines the end of the CD operation condition and start of CS operation condition

Charge Depleting Cycle Range (Rcdc)

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011





CARB incl. OBD

The distance travelled in a series of whole cycles in charge depleting mode until the end of last cycle in which charge sustaining mode is detected. This range shall be reported to the nearest 0.1 km.Do we still need this criteria?

Charge Depleting (CD) operation condition

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011An operating condition in which the energy stored in the RESS may fluctuate but, on average, decreases while the vehicle is driven.

Charge Sustaining (CS) operation condition

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011An operating condition in which the energy stored in the RESS may fluctuate but, on average, is maintained at a certain level while the vehicle is driven.

Chassis dynamometer of

Chassis dynamometer of





CARB incl. OBD

coefficient control which absorption characteristics are determined by giving coefficients of a road-load approximation polynomial

Chassis dynamometer of polygonal control

Chassis dynamometer of which absorption characteristics are determined by giving load values at several speed points

Chassis dynamometer setting load

Load to be set on the power-absorption unit of the chassis dynamometer

Cold start system or device

692/2008A system which temporarily enriches the air/fuel mixture of the engine thus assisting the engine to start;

ECE-R 83A device that temporarily enriches the air/fuel mixture of the engine thus assisting the engine to start;

ECE-R 101A device which enriches the air/fuel mixture of the engine temporarily, to assist starting;

Complete vehicle GTR1:Any vehicle which does not require further constructionstages in order to be fit for the





CARB incl. OBD

purpose for which it has been designed and constructed, other than minor finishing operations such as painting.

Component monitoring

The monitoring of input components for electrical circuit failures and rationality failures and monitoring of output components for electrical circuit failures and functionality failures.

Components for adjusting the idling speed

Controls for changing the idling conditions of the engine which may be easily operated by a mechanic using only the tools described in paragraph 2.5.1.1. below. In particular, devices for calibrating fuel and air flows are not considered as adjustment components if their setting requires the removal of the set-stops, an operation which cannot normally be performed except by a professional mechanic





CARB incl. OBD

Compression-ignition

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011 An engine in which combustion is initiated by heat produced from compression of the air in the cylinder or combustion space

40 CFR Part 1065 Relating to a type of reciprocating, internal-combustion engine that is not a spark-ignition engine.

Confidence interval 40 CFR Part 1065 The range associated with a probability that a quantity will be considered statistically equivalent to a reference quantity

Configuration Subclassification within a test group which is based on engine code, inertia weight class, transmission type and gear ratios, final drive ratio, and other parameters which may be designated by the Administrator.

Confirmed fault code

OBDThe diagnostic trouble code stored when an OBD II system has confirmed that a malfunction exists (e.g., typically on the second driving cycle that the malfunction is detected) in accordance with the requirements of sections (e), (f),





CARB incl. OBD

and (g)(4.4).Consolidated part A part which is

designed to replace a group of original equipment parts and which is functionally identical of those original equipment parts in all respects which in any way affect emissions (including durability)

Constant-speed engine

40 CFR Part 1065 An engine whose certification is limited to constant-speed operation. Engines whose constant-speed governor function is removed or disabled are no longer constant-speed engines

Continuously OBDIf used in the context of monitoring conditions for circuit continuity, lack of circuit continuity, circuit faults, and out-of-range values, means monitoring is always enabled, unless alternate enable conditions have been approved by the Executive Officer in





CARB incl. OBD

accordance with section (d)(3.1.1), and sampling of the signal used for monitoring occurs at a rate no less than two samples per second. If for control purposes, a computer input component is sampled less frequently, the signal of the component may instead be evaluated each time sampling occurs.

Continuous regeneration

GTR4The regeneration process of an exhaust aftertreatment system that occurs either permanently or at least once per WHTC hot start test. Such a regeneration process will not require a special test procedure.

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011 A regeneration of an anti-pollution device which occurs at least once per WLTP-





CARB incl. OBD

DHC test and that has already regenerated at least once during the vehicle pre-conditioning cycle. Exhaust aftertreatment systems featuring continuous regeneration do not require a special test procedure

Contracting party The party signatory to the 1998 Agreement.

Conventional gasoline

Any certification gasoline which meets the specifications of 40 CFR 86.113-94(a), but does not include gasoline that meets the specifications of California reformulated gasoline as set forth in Part II, section A.100.3.1. of these test procedures. For the purpose of determining the ozone-forming potential of conventional gasoline vehicle exhaust emissions, gasoline meeting the specifications of





CARB incl. OBD

Part II, Section D of these test procedures shall be used.

Coriolis meter 40 CFR Part 1065 A flow measurement instrument that determines the mass flow of a fluid by sensing the vibration and twist of specially designed flow tubes as the flow passes through them. The twisting characteristic is called the Coriolis effect. According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, the amount of sensor tube twist is directly proportional to the mass flow rate of the fluid flowing through the tube. See §1065.220.

Crankcase The spaces in, or external to, an engine which are connected to the oil sump by internal or external ducts through which gases and vapours can escape;

714/2007The spaces in, or external to, an engine which are connected to the





CARB incl. OBD

oil sump by internal or external ducts through which gases and vapours can be emitted;

Crankcase emissions

Airborne substances emitted to the atmosphere from any portion of the engine crankcase ventilation or lubrication systems.

Substances emitted directly to the atmosphere from any opening leading to the crankcase of a motor vehicle engine. Crankcase gases which are conducted to the engine intake or exhaust systems are not included in the definition of crankcase emissions, but are defined as exhaust emissions.

Critical emission-related components

Those components which are designed primarily for emission control, or whose failure may result in a significant increase in emissions accompanied by no significant impairment (or perhaps even an improvement) in performance, drivability, and/or fuel economy as determined by the Administrator.

Critical emission- That maintenance to be





CARB incl. OBD

related maintenance

performed on critical emission-related components.

Curb-idle (as of MY 1984)

(1) For manual transmission code light-duty trucks, the engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged and with the air conditioning system, if present, turned off. For automatic transmission code light-duty trucks, curb-idle means the engine speed with the automatic transmission in the Park position (or Neutral position if there is no Park position), and with the air conditioning system, if present, turned off.

(2) For manual transmission code heavy-duty engines, the manufacturer's recommended engine speed with the clutch disengaged. For automatic transmission code heavy-duty engines, curb idle means the manufacturer's recommended engine speed with the automatic transmission





CARB incl. OBD

in gear and the output shaft stalled. (Measured idle speed may be used in lieu of curb-idle speed for the emission tests when the difference between measured idle speed and curb idle speed is sufficient to cause a void test under 40 CFR 1065.530 but not sufficient to permit adjustment in accordance with 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E.

Curb-idle means, for manual transmission code motor vehicles; the engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged and with the air conditioning system, if present, turned off. For automatic transmission code motor vehicles, curb-idle means the engine speed with the automatic transmission in the park position (or neutral position if there is no park position), and with the air conditioning system, if present, turned off.





CARB incl. OBD

Curb weight (compliance)

The actual or the manufacturer's estimated weight of the vehicle in operational status with all standard equipment, and weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity, and the weight of optional equipment computed in accordance with 86.1832–01 40 CFR 86.1832-01 - Optional equipment and air conditioning for test vehicles Incomplete light-duty trucks shall have the curb weight specified by the manufacturer.

Data stream information

Information (i.e., messages and parameters) originated within the vehicle by a module or intelligent sensors (i.e., a sensor that contains and is controlled by its own module) and transmitted between a network of modules and/or intelligent sensors connected in parallel with either one or two communication wires. The information is broadcast over the communication wires for use by other modules (e.g., chassis, transmission, etc.) to

Information that originates within the vehicle by a module or intelligent sensors including, but not limited to, a sensor that contains and is controlled by its own module and transmitted between a network of modules and intelligent sensors connected in parallel with either one or two communication wires. The information is broadcast over

http://cfr.vlex.com/vid/86-1832-01-optional-conditioning-vehicles-19807399?ix_resultado=1.0&query%5Bbuscable_id%5D=US&query%5Bbuscable_type%5D=Pais&query%5Btextolibre%5D=%C2%A786.1832%E2%80%9301







CARB incl. OBD

conduct normal vehicle operation or for use by diagnostic tools. Data stream information does not include engine calibration related information.

communication wires for use by other modules such as chassis or transmissions to conduct normal vehicle operation or for use by diagnostic tools. Data stream information does not include engine calibration-related information.

Deactivate OBDTo turn-off, shutdown, desensitize, or otherwise make inoperable through software programming or other means during the actual life of the vehicle.

Dedicated ethanol vehicle

Any ethanol-fuelled motor vehicle that is engineered and designed to be operated solely on ethanol.

Dedicated methanol vehicle

Any methanol-fuelled motor vehicle that is engineered and designed to be operated solely on methanol.

Dedicated vehicle Any motor vehicle engineered and designed to be





CARB incl. OBD

operated using a single fuel. Flexible fuel vehicles and multi-fuel vehicles are not dedicated vehicles.

Dedicated vehicle (or engine)

Any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated using a single fuel. Flexible fuel vehicles and multi-fuel vehicles are not dedicated vehicles.

Default mode GTR #112The mode the vehicle starts with. All settings [buttons] must be deactivated with a new key ignition event on.

Defeat device 715/2007Any element of design which senses temperature, vehicle speed, engine speed (RPM), transmission gear, manifold vacuum or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying or deactivating the operation of any part of the

ECE-R 83Any element of design which senses temperature, vehicle speed, engine rotational speed, transmission gear, manifold vacuum or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying or deactivating the operation of any part of the emission

An auxiliary emission control device (AECD) that reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal vehicle operation and use, unless: (1) Such conditions are substantially included in the Federal emission test procedure; (2) The need for the AECD is justified in terms of protecting the vehicle





CARB incl. OBD

emission control system, that reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal vehicle operation and use;

control system, that reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal vehicle operation and use. Such an element of design may not be considered a defeat device if: the need for the device is justified in terms of protecting the engine against damage or accident and for safe operation of the vehicle, or the device does not function beyond the requirements of engine starting, or conditions are substantially included in the Type I or Type VI test procedures.

against damage or accident; or (3) The AECD does not go beyond the requirements of engine starting.

Defeat strategy GTR 10An emission strategy that does not meet the performance require-ments for a base and/or auxiliary emission strategy as





CARB incl. OBD

specified in this GTR (GTR 10)

Deficiency 692/2008In the context of the OBD systems, that up to two separate components or systems that are monitored contain temporary or permanent operating characteristics which impair the otherwise efficient OBD monitoring of those components or systems or do not meet all of the other detailed requirements for OBD.

In respect of vehicle OBD systems, that up to two separate components or systems that are monitored contain temporary or permanent operating characteristics that impair the otherwise efficient OBD monitoring of those components or systems or do not meet all of the other detailed requirements for OBD. Vehicles may be type-approved, registered and sold with such deficiencies according to the requirements of paragraph 4. of this annex.

Delay time GTR4The difference in time between the change of the component to bemeasured at the reference point and a system response of 10 per cent of the final reading





CARB incl. OBD

(t10) with the sampling probe being defined as the reference point. For the gaseous components, this is the transport time of the measured component from the sampling probe to the detector.

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011Defined as above.

GTR #112Defined as above

deNOx system GTR4An exhaust after-treatment system designed to reduce aerodynamic, diffusional or inertial separation. NOx adsorbers and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems).

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011 An exhaust after-treatment system designed to reduce emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) (e.g. passive and active lean NOx catalysts, NOx adsorbers and





CARB incl. OBD

selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems)

GTR #112Defined as above.

Departure angle The smallest angle, in a plan side view of an automobile, formed by the level surface on which the automobile is standing and a line tangent to the rear tire static loaded radius arc and touching the underside of the automobile rearward of the rear tire.

Deteriorated replacement catalytic converter / pollution control device

692/2008A pollution control device as defined in Article 3(11) of Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 that has been aged or artificially deteriorated to such an extent that it fulfils the requirements laid out in Section 1 to Appendix 1 to Annex XI of UN/ECE Regulation 83.

A converter that has been aged or artificially deteriorated to such an extent that it fulfils the requirements laid out in paragraph 1. of Appendix 1 to Annex 11 of Regulation No. 83.

Dew point 40 CFR Part 1065 A measure of humidity stated as the equilibrium temperature at which water condenses under a





CARB incl. OBD

given pressure from moist air with a given absolute humidity. Dew point is specified as a temperature in °C or K, and is valid only for the pressure at which it is measured. See §1065.645 to determine water vapour mole fractions from dew points using the pressure at which the dew point is measured.

Diagnostic or emission critical

OBDDiagnostic or emission critical electronic powertrain control unit refers to the engine and transmission control unit(s). For the 2005 and subsequent model years, it also includes any other on-board electronic powertrain control unit containing software that: (1) has primary control over any of the monitors required by sections (e)(1.0) through (e)(14.0), (e)(16.0), (f)(1) through (f)(14), and (f)(16) or, (2) excluding anti-lock brake system





CARB incl. OBD

(ABS) control units or stability/traction control units, has primary control over the diagnostics for more than two of the components required to be monitored by sections (e)(15.0) and (f)(15). For purposes of criterion (2) above, all glow plugs in an engine shall be considered “one” component in lieu of each glow plug being considered a separate component.

Diesel Type of engine with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Diesel combustion cycle. The non-use of a throttle during normal operation is indicative of a diesel engine.

Diesel engine GTR4An engine which works on the compression-ignition principle.

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011 diesel engine" means an engine

A type of engine with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Diesel combustion cycle. The non-use of a throttle during normal operation is indicative of a diesel engine.

Any engine powered with diesel fuel, gaseous fuel, or alcohol fuel for which diesel engine speed/torque characteristics and vehicle applications





CARB incl. OBD

which works on the compression-ignition principle

GTR #112 An engine which works on the compression-ignition principle.

are retained.

OBDEngines using a compression ignition thermodynamic cycle.

Dilution ratio (DR) 40 CFR Part 1065 The amount of diluted exhaust per amount of undiluted exhaust.

Dispensed fuel temperature

The temperature (deg.F or deg.C may be used) of the fuel being dispensed into the tank of the test vehicle during a refuelling test.

Dispersion 40 CFR Part 1065 Means either: (1) The broadening and lowering of a signal due to any fluid capacitance, fluid mixing, or electronic filtering in a sampling system. (Note: To adjust a signal so its dispersion matches that of another signal, you may adjust the system's fluid capacitance, fluid mixing, or electronic filtering.) (2) The mixing of a fluid, especially as a result of fluid mechanical forces or chemical diffusion.





CARB incl. OBD

Diurnal breathing losses

Diurnal breathing losses means diurnal emissions.

Diurnal emissions Evaporative emissions resulting from the daily cycling of ambient temperatures.

Drift 40 CFR Part 1065 The difference between a zero or calibration signal and the respective value reported by a measurement instrument immediately after it was used in an emission test, as long as you zeroed and spanned the instrument just before the test.

Driver mass GTR1The nominal mass of a driver that shall be 75 kg (subdivided into 68 kg occupant mass at the seat and 7 kg luggage mass in accordance with ISO standard 2416–1992).

Drive system Drive system is determined by the number and location of drive axles (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, four wheel drive) and any other feature of the drive system





CARB incl. OBD

if the Administrator determines that such other features may result in a fuel economy difference.

Drive train configuration

A unique combination of engine code, transmission configuration, and axle ratio.

Driving cycle 692/2008In respect of vehicle OBD systems, consists of engine start-up, driving mode where a malfunction would be detected if present, and engine shut-off;

Consists of engine start-up, driving mode where a malfunction would be detected if present, and engine shut-off.

Consists of engine start-up and engine shutoff and includes the period of engine off time up to the next engine start-up. For vehicles that employ engine shutoff strategies (e.g., engine shutoff at idle), the manufacturer may request Executive Officer approval to use an alternate definition for driving cycle (e.g., key on and key off). Executive Officer approval of the alternate definition shall be based on equivalence to engine start-up and engine shutoff signalling the beginning and ending of a single





CARB incl. OBD

driving event for a conventional vehicle. For applications that are used in both medium-duty and heavy-duty classes, the manufacturer may use the driving cycle definition of title 13, CCR, section 1971.1 in lieu of this definition. Engine restarts following an engine shut-off that has been neither commanded by the vehicle operator nor by the engine control strategy but caused by an event such as an engine stall may be considered a new driving cycle or a continuation of the existing driving cycle.

DTC Diagnostic trouble code.

Dual fuel vehicle Any motor vehicle engineered and designed to be operated on two different fuels, but not on a mixture of the fuels.

Any motor vehicle that is engineered and designed to be capable of operating on gasoline or diesel and on compressed natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas, with separate





CARB incl. OBD

fuel tanks for each fuel on-board the vehicle. In operation, only one fuel is used at a time.

Dual fuel vehicle (or engine)

Any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated on two different fuels, but not on a mixture of fuels.

Durability data vehicle (compliance)

A vehicle used to generate durability data as required in this subpart.

Durability group (compliance)

The basic classification unit of a manufacturer's product line used for the purpose of selecting a vehicle configuration to demonstrate durability and predict deterioration in accordance with §86.1822–01.

Durability useful life

The highest useful life mileage out of the set of all useful life mileages that apply to a given vehicle. The durability useful life determines the duration of service accumulation on a durability data vehicle. The determination of durability useful life shall reflect any





CARB incl. OBD

alternative useful life mileages approved by the Administrator under §86.094–21(f). The determination of durability useful life shall exclude any standard and related useful life mileage for which the manufacturer has obtained a waiver of emission data submission requirements under §86.094–23(c)

Durability useful life (compliance)

The highest useful life mileage out of the set of all useful life mileages that apply to a given vehicle. The durability useful life determines the duration of service accumulation on a durability data vehicle. The determination of durability useful life shall reflect any light-duty truck or complete heavy-duty vehicle alternative useful life periods approved by the Administrator under §86.1805–01(c). The determination of durability useful life shall exclude any standard and related useful life mileage for which the manufacturer has obtained a waiver





CARB incl. OBD

of emission data submission requirements under §86.1829–01.

Dynamometer-idle (only in 86.082-2)

Dynamometer-idle for automatic transmission code heavy-duty engines means the manufacturer's recommended engine speed without a transmission that simulates the recommended engine speed with a transmission and with the transmission in neutral.

Dynamometer operation mode

GTR #112The mode in which the vehicle needs to be set for proper and representative testing on the chassis dynamometer.

EC type-approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions and vehicle repair and maintenance information

692/2008An EC type-approval of a vehicle with regard to its tailpipe emissions, crankcase emissions, evaporative emissions, fuel consumption and access to vehicle OBD and vehicle repair and maintenance





CARB incl. OBD

information;Electrical charging system

A device to convert 60 Hz alternating electric current, as commonly available in residential electric service in the United States, to a proper form for recharging the energy storage device.

Electrical circuit failure

A malfunction (e.g. open circuit or short circuit) that leads to the measured signal (i.e. voltages, currents, frequencies, etc.) being outside the range where the transfer function of the sensor is designed to operate.

Electric power train ECE-R 101A system consisting of one or more electric energy storage devices (e.g. a battery, electromechanical flywheel or super capacitor), one or more electric power conditioning devices and one or

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011A system consisting of one or more RESS, one or more electronic converters, and one or more electric machines that convert stored electric energy to mechanical energy





CARB incl. OBD

more electric machines that convert stored electric energy to mechanical energy delivered at the wheels for propulsion of the vehicle;

delivered at the wheels for propulsion of the vehicle

Electric range ECE-R 101For vehicles powered by an electric power train only or by a hybrid electric power train with off-vehicle charging, means the distance that can be driven electrically on one fully charged battery (or other electric energy storage device) as measured according to the procedure described in Annex 9.

Electric vehicle

See also: Pure electric vehicle

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011Vehicle powered solely by an electric power train.

A motor vehicle that is powered solely by an electric motor drawing current from a rechargeable energy storage system, such as from storage batteries or other portable electrical energy storage devices, including hydrogen fuel cells,

Electric vehicle has the meaning given in §86.1803–01 of this chapter:

Electric vehicle means a motor vehicle that is powered solely by an electric motor drawing current





CARB incl. OBD

provided that:

(1) The vehicle is capable of drawing recharge energy from a source off the vehicle, such as residential electric service; and

(2) The vehicle must be certified to the emission standards of Bin #1 of Table S04–1 in §86.1811–09(c)(6).

(3) The vehicle does not have an onboard combustion engine/generator system as a means of providing electrical energy.

from a rechargeable energy storage system, such as from storage batteries or other portable electrical energy storage devices, including hydrogen fuel cells, provided that: (1) The vehicle is capable of drawing recharge energy from a source off the vehicle, such as residential electric service; and (2) The vehicle must be certified to the emission standards of Bin #1 of Table S04-1 in §86.1811-09(c)(6). (3) The vehicle does not have an onboard combustion engine/ generator system as a means of providing electrical energy.

Electronic control module

40 CFR Part 1065 An engine's electronic device that uses data from engine sensors to control engine parameters.

Element of design GTR 10 Any control system





CARB incl. OBD

(a) The engine system;(b) Any control system, including: computer software; electronic control systems; and computer logic;(c) Any control system calibration; or(d) The results of any interaction of systems.

(i.e., computer software, electronic control system, emission control system, computer logic), and/or control system calibrations, and/or the results of systems interaction, and/or hardware items on a motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine.

Emission control system

692/2008In the context of the OBD system, the electronic engine management controller and any emission-related component in the exhaust or evaporative system which supplies an input to or receives an output from this controller;

The electronic engine management controller and any emission-related component in the exhaust or evaporative system which supplies an input to or receives an output from this controller.

GTR 10The elements of design and emission strategies developed or calibrated for the purpose of controlling emissions.

A unique group of emission control devices, auxiliary emission control devices, engine modifications and strategies, and other elements of design designated by the Administrator used to control exhaust emissions of a vehicle.

40 CFR Part 1065 Any device, system, or element of design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants from an engine.

Emission increasing auxiliary emission control device (EI-AECD)

OBDAny approved AECD that: reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system





CARB incl. OBD

under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal vehicle operation and use; and the need for the AECD is justified in terms of protecting the vehicle against damage or accident. For medium-duty vehicles certified to an engine dynamometer tailpipe emission standard, an AECD that is certified as an NTE deficiency shall not be considered an EI-AECD. An AECD that does not sense, measure, or calculate any parameter or command or trigger any action, algorithm, or alternate strategy shall not be considered an EI-AECD. An AECD that is activated solely due to any of the following conditions shall not be considered an





CARB incl. OBD

EI-AECD: (1) operation of the vehicle above 8000 feet in elevation; (2) ambient temperature; (3) when the engine is warming up and is not reactivated once the engine has warmed up in the same driving cycle; (4) failure detection (storage of a fault code) by the OBD system; (5) execution of an OBD monitor; or (6) execution of an infrequent regeneration event.

Emission-related component (compliance)

Any component which can affect emissions.

Emission-related maintenance

That maintenance which does substantially affect emissions or which is likely to affect the emissions deterioration of the vehicle or engine during normal in-use operation, even if the maintenance is performed at some time other than that which is recommended.

40 CFR Part 1065





CARB incl. OBD

Maintenance that substantially affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission deterioration.

Emissions-related motor vehicle information

Information regarding any of the following: (1) Any original equipment system, component, or part that controls emissions. (2) Any original equipment system, component, or part associated with the powertrain system including, but not limited to, the fuel system and ignition system. (3) Any original equipment system or component that is likely to impact emissions, including, but not limited to, the transmission system.

Emissions-related motor vehicle part

Any direct replacement automotive part or any automotive part certified by executive order of the state board that may affect emissions from a motor vehicle,





CARB incl. OBD

including replacement parts, consolidated parts, rebuilt parts, remanufactured parts, add-on parts, modified parts, and specialty parts.

Emissions-related part

Any automotive part, which affects any regulated emissions from a motor vehicles which is subject to California or federal emissions standards. This includes, at a minimum, those parts specified in the "Emissions-Related Parts List," adopted by the State Board on November 4, 1977, as last amended May 19, 1981.

Emissions retrofit device

An exhaust device certified pursuant to Section 43630 or approved for use pursuant to Section 27156 of the Vehicle Code which renders a modified vehicle a low-emission motor vehicle, as defined by Section 43800.

Emission standards

Specified limitations on the discharge of





CARB incl. OBD

air contaminants into the atmosphere.

Emission strategy GTR 10An element or set of elements of design that is incorporated into the overall design of an engine system or vehicle and used in controlling emissions.

Energy storage device

A rechargeable means of storing tractive energy on board a vehicle such as storage batteries or a flywheel.

Engine capacity 692/2008Means either of the following:(a) for reciprocating piston engines, the nominal engine swept volume,(b) for rotary piston (Wankel) engines, double the nominal engine swept volume;

ECE-R 83For reciprocating piston engines, the nominal engine swept volume; for rotary piston engines (Wankel), twice the nominal swept volume of a combustion chamber per piston;

Engine code A unique combination within a test group of displacement, fuel injection (or carburettor) calibration, choke calibration, distributor calibration,

A unique combination, within an engine-system combination (as defined in part 86 of this chapter), of





CARB incl. OBD

auxiliary emission control devices, and other engine and emission control system components specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, engine code means a unique combination of manufacturer, electric traction motor, motor configuration, motor controller, and energy storage device.

displacement, fuel injection (or carburetion or other fuel delivery system), calibration, distributor calibration, choke calibration, auxiliary emission control devices, and other engine and emission control system components specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, engine code means a unique combination of manufacturer, electric traction motor, motor configuration, motor controller, and energy storage device.

86.1803-01: Engine code means a unique combination within a test group of displacement, fuel injection (or carburettor) calibration, choke calibration, distributor calibration,





CARB incl. OBD

auxiliary emission control devices, and other engine and emission control system components specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, engine code means a unique combination of manufacturer, electric traction motor, motor configuration, motor controller, and energy storage device.

Engine crankcase ECE-R 83The spaces in or external to an engine which are connected to the oil sump by internal or external ducts through which gases and vapour can escape;

Engine family GTR4A manufacturer’s grouping of engines which, through their design as defined in paragraph 5.2. of this GTR, have similar exhaust emission

The basic classification unit of a manufacturer's product line used for the purpose of test fleet selection and determined in accordance with §86.082–24.

40 CFR Part 1065 A





CARB incl. OBD

characteristics; all members of the family must comply with the applicable emission limit values.

GTR 10A manufacturer's grouping of engines as defined in GTR No. 4.

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011 Same as GTR4 definition.

GTR #112As defined under GTR4.

group of engines with similar emission characteristics throughout the useful life, as specified in the standard-setting part.

Engine family group

A combination of engine families for the purpose of determining a minimum deterioration factor under the Alternative Durability Program.

Engine misfire 692/2008Lack of combustion in the cylinder of a positive ignition engine due to absence of spark, poor fuel metering, poor compression or any other cause;

Lack of combustion in the cylinder of a positive-ignition engine due to absence of spark, poor fuel metering, poor compression or any other cause. In terms of OBD monitoring it is that percentage of misfires out of a total number of

OBDLack of combustion in the cylinder due to absence of spark, poor fuel metering, poor compression, or any other cause. This does not include lack of combustion events in non-active cylinders due to





CARB incl. OBD

firing events (as declared by the manufacturer) that would result in emissions exceeding the limits given in paragraph 3.3.2. or that percentage that could lead to an exhaust catalyst, or catalysts, overheating causing irreversible damage.

default fuel shut-off or cylinder deactivation strategies.

Engine or engine system

Engine or engine system as used in §§86.007–17, 86.007–30, 86.010–18, and 86.010–38 means the engine, fuel system, induction system, aftertreatment system, and everything that makes up the system for which an engine manufacturer has received a certificate of conformity.

86.007–17 On-board Diagnostics for enginesused in applications less than or equal to 14,000 pounds GVWR.

86.007-30Certification





CARB incl. OBD

86.010–18 On-board Diagnostics for enginesused in applications greater than 14,000 pounds GVWR.

86.010–38 Maintenance instructions.

Engine start Engine start as used in §86.010–18 means the point when the engine reaches a speed 150 rpm below the normal, warmed-up idle speed (as determined in the drive position for vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission). For hybrid vehicles or for engines employing alternative engine start hardware or strategies (e.g., integrated starter and generators.), the manufacturer may use an alternative definition for engine start (e.g., key-on) provided the alternative definition is based on equivalence to an engine start for a conventional vehicle.

OBDThe point when the engine reaches a speed 150 rpm below the normal, warmed-up idle speed (as determined in the drive position for vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission). For hybrid vehicles or for engines employing alternate engine start hardware or strategies (e.g., integrated starter and generators, etc.), the manufacturer may request Executive Officer approval to use an alternate definition for engine start (e.g., ignition key “on”). Executive Officer approval of the alternate





CARB incl. OBD

definition shall be based on equivalence to an engine start for a conventional vehicle.

Engine starting GTR 10The process from the initiation of engine cranking until the engine reaches a speed 150 min-1 below the normal, warmed up idle speed (as determined in the drive position for vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission).

Engine system GTR4, GTR 10The engine, the emission control system and the communication interface (hardware and messages) between the engine system electronic control unit(s) (ECU) and any other power train or vehicle control unit.

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011Same as above.

GTR #112As defined above.

Engine or engine system as used in §§86.007–17, 86.007–30, 86.010–18, and 86.010–38 means the engine, fuel system, induction system, aftertreatment system, and everything that makes up the system for which an engine manufacturer has received a certificate of conformity.





CARB incl. OBD

Engine system combination

An engine family-exhaust emission control system combination.

Engine type GTR4A category of engines which do not differ in essential engine characteristics.


GTR #112As above.

Engine warm-up GTR 10Sufficient vehicle operation such that the coolant temperature reaches a minimum temperature of at least 70 °C.

Engine warm-up cycle

Sufficient vehicle operation such that the coolant temperature has risen by at least 40 °F from engine starting and reaches a minimum temperature of 160 °F.

Enhanced data stream information

Data stream information that is specific for an original equipment manufacturer's brand of tools and equipment.

Enhanced A diagnostic tool





CARB incl. OBD

diagnostic tool that is specific to the original equipment manufacturer's vehicles.

Enhanced service and repair information

Information which is specific for an original equipment manufacturer's brand of tools and equipment.

Environmental test cell

A test cell capable of wind-speed, solar thermal load, ambient temperature, and humidity control or simulation which meets the requirements of §86.161–00 for running emission tests with the air conditioning operating.

EPA Enforcement Officer

Any officer or employee of the Environmental Protection Agency so designated in writing by the Administrator (or by his designee).

Equivalent All Electric Range (EAER)

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011That portion of the total charge depleting range attributable to the use of electricity from the battery over the charge depleting range test.

Ethanol Any fuel for motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines that is composed of either commercially





CARB incl. OBD

available or chemically pure ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and gasoline as specified in Part II, section A.100.3 (Certification Fuel Specifications) of these test procedures. The required fuel blend is based on the type of ethanol-fuelled vehicle being certified and the particular aspect of the certification procedure being conducted.

Ethanol-fuelled vehicle

Any motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine that is engineered and designed to be operated using ethanol fuel (i.e., a fuel that contains at least 50 per cent ethanol (C2H5OH) by volume) as fuel.

§86.1803-01Any motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine that is engineered and designed to be operated using ethanol fuel (i.e., a fuel that contains at least 50 per cent ethanol (C2H5OH) by volume) as fuel.

Ethanol vehicle Any motor vehicle that is engineered and designed to be operated using ethanol as a fuel.

Evaporative emission code

A unique combination, in an evaporative





CARB incl. OBD

emission family-evaporative emission control system combination, of purge system calibrations, fuel tank and carburettor bowl vent calibrations and other fuel system and evaporative emission control system components and calibrations specified by the Administrator.

Evaporative emissions

715/2007The hydrocarbon vapours lost from the fuel system of a motor vehicle other than those from tailpipe emissions;

ECE-R 83The hydrocarbon vapours lost from the fuel system of a motor vehicle other than those from exhaust emissions;

Hydrocarbons emitted into the atmosphere from a motor vehicle, other than exhaust and crankcase emissions.

Equivalent test weight

The weight, within an inertia weight class, which is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle and which is based on its loaded vehicle weight or adjusted loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of subparts A and B of this part.

Equivalent test weight (compliance)

DC: As above but the last sentence ends with “…with the provisions of this part.”

Evaporative/ refuelling control

A unique combination within an evaporative/





CARB incl. OBD

system refuelling family of canister adsorptive material, purge system configuration, purge strategy, and other parameters determined by the Administrator to affect evaporative and refuelling emission control system durability or deterioration factors.

Evaporative/ refuelling emission family

The basic classification unit of a manufacturers' product line used for the purpose of evaporative and refuelling emissions test fleet selection and determined in accordance with §86.098–24.

Evaporative/ refuelling family (compliance)

The basic classification unit of a manufacturers' product line used for the purpose of evaporative and refuelling emissions test fleet selection and determined in accordance with §86.1821–01.

Evaporative/ refuelling vehicle configuration (compliance)

Evaporative/ refuelling vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, body type, and evaporative emission code.

Exhaust after- GTR4





CARB incl. OBD

treatment system A catalyst (oxidation or 3-way), particulate filter, deNOx system, combined deNOx particulate filter or any other emission reducing device that is installed downstream of the engine. This definition excludes exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), which is considered an integral part of the engine.

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011As above.

GTR #112As above.

Exhaust device A motor vehicle pollution control device to reduce exhaust emissions.

Exhaust emissions - for positive-ignition (P.I.) engines, emissions of gaseous pollutants;- for compression-ignition (C.I.) engines, emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants;

GTR #112Emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants;

Substances emitted to the atmosphere from any opening downstream from the exhaust port of a motor vehicle engine.

Substances emitted to the atmosphere from any opening downstream from the exhaust port of a motor vehicle engine.





CARB incl. OBD

ECE-R 83• For positive-ignition (P.I.) engines, emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants;• For compression-ignition (C.I.) engines, emissions of gaseous pollutants, particulate pollutants and particle numbers;

Exhaust gas recirculation

40 CFR Part 1065 A technology that reduces emissions by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the combustion chamber(s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air before or during combustion. The use of valve timing to increase the amount of residual exhaust gas in the combustion

DC: The definition in the legislative text is not complete. It appears that the word “chamber” after “combustion” is missing.

Exhaust gas A device which directs





CARB incl. OBD

recirculation valve a portion of the exhaust gas into the intake air stream for the purpose of controlling emissions.

Externally chargeable

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011 The RESS can be charged externally, also known as "externally chargeable"

Fall time, t90-10 40 CFR Part 1065 The time interval of a measurement instrument's response after any step decrease to the input between the following points: (1) The point at which the response has fallen 10% of the total amount it will fall in response to the step change. (2) The point at which the response has fallen 90% of the total amount it will fall in response to the step change.

Family ECE-R 83 (Annex 12 for approval of a vehicle that runs on LPG or NG/biomethane)

A group of vehicle types fuelled by LPG, NG/ biomethane





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identified by a parent vehicle.

Fault memory OBDInformation pertaining to malfunctions stored in the onboard computer, including fault codes, stored engine conditions, and MIL status.

Federal emission test procedure (FTP)

The dynamometer driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and analytical procedures described in part 86 of this chapter for the respective model year, which are used to derive city fuel economy data.

Federal Test Procedure, or FTP

The test procedure as described in §86.130–00 (a) through (d) and (f) which is designed to measure urban driving tail pipe exhaust emissions and evaporative emissions over the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule as described in appendix I to this part.

OBDAn exhaust emission test conducted according to the test procedures incorporated by reference in title 13, CCR section 1961(d) that is used to determine compliance with the FTP standard to which a vehicle is certified.

Fixed liquid level A type of liquid level





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gauge gauge used on liquefied petroleum gas-fuelled vehicles which uses a relatively small positive shutoff valve and is designed to indicate when the liquid level in the fuel tank being filled reaches the proper fill level. The venting of fuel vapour and/or liquid fuel to the atmosphere during the refuelling event is generally associated with the use of the fixed liquid level gauge.

Flow-weighted mean

40 CFR Part 1065 The mean of a quantity after it is weighted proportional to a corresponding flow rate. For example, if a gas concentration is measured continuously from the raw exhaust of an engine, its flow-weighted mean concentration is the sum of the products of each recorded concentration times its respective exhaust flow rate, divided by the sum of the recorded flow rates. As another example, the bag concentration from a CVS system is the same as the flow-





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weighted mean concentration, because the CVS system itself flow-weights the bag concentration.

Flex-fuel ethanol vehicle

692/2008A flex fuel vehicle that can run on petrol or a mixture of petrol and ethanol up to an 85% ethanol blend (E85);

ECE-R 83A flex fuel vehicle that can run on petrol or a mixture of petrol and ethanol up to an 85 per cent ethanol blend (E85).

Flex-fuel biodiesel vehicle

692/2008A flex fuel vehicle that can run on mineral diesel or a mixture of mineral diesel and biodiesel;

ECE-R 83A flex fuel vehicle that can run on mineral diesel or a mixture of mineral diesel and biodiesel.

Flex-fuel vehicle 692/2008A vehicle with one fuel storage system that can run on different mixtures of two or more fuels;

ECE-R 83A vehicle with one fuel storage system that can run on different mixtures of two or more fuels.

Any motor vehicle engineered and designed to be operated on a petroleum fuel and on a methanol or ethanol fuel, or any mixture of the petroleum fuel and methanol or ethanol. Methanol-fuelled and ethanol-fuelled vehicles that are only marginally functional when using gasoline ( e.g., the engine has a drop in rated horsepower of more than 80 per cent) are not flexible fuel vehicles.

40 CFR 86.1803-01 Definitions: any motor vehicle engineered and designed to be operated on a petroleum fuel and on a methanol or ethanol fuel, or any mixture of the petroleum fuel and methanol or ethanol. Methanol-fuelled and ethanol-fuelled vehicles that are only marginally functional when





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using gasoline (e.g., the engine has a drop in rated horsepower of more than 80 per cent) are not flexible fuel vehicles.

Flexible fuel vehicle (or engine)

Any motor vehicle (or motor vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated on any mixture of two or more different fuels.

Footprint (compliance)

The product of track width (measured in inches, calculated as the average of front and rear track widths, and rounded to the nearest tenth of an inch) and wheelbase (measured in inches and rounded to the nearest tenth of an inch), divided by 144 and then rounded to the nearest tenth of a square foot.

Footprint has the meaning given in §86.1803–01 of this chapter:

§86.1803-01: Footprint is the product of track width (measured in inches, calculated as the average of front and rear track widths, and rounded to the nearest tenth of an inch) and wheelbase (measured in inches and rounded to the nearest tenth of an inch), divided by 144 and then rounded to the





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nearest tenth of a square foot.

Fuel (1) Gasoline and diesel fuel for gasoline- or diesel-powered automobiles; or (2) Electrical energy for electrically powered automobiles; or (3) Alcohol for alcohol-powered automobiles; or (4) Natural gas for natural gas-powered automobiles; or (5) Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), commonly referred to as “propane,” for LPG-powered automobiles; or (6) Hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell automobiles and for automobiles equipped with hydrogen internal combustion engines.

Fuel cell (vehicle) DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011A vehicle propelled solely by a fuel cell

An electric vehicle propelled solely by an electric motor where energy for the motor is supplied by an

Fuel cell has the meaning given in §86.1803–01 of this chapter:





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powertrain. electrochemical cell that produces electricity via the non-combustion reaction of a consumable fuel, typically hydrogen.

Fuel cell vehicle means an electric vehicle propelled solely by an electric motor where energy for the motor is supplied by an electrochemical cell that produces electricity via the non-combustion reaction of a consumable fuel, typically hydrogen.

Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV)

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011A vehicle propelled by a fuel cell powertrain and an hybrid electric powertrain.

Fuel cell powertrain

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011A power train that, for the purpose of mechanical propulsion, draws energy from :- electrochemical cell that produces electricity via the non combustion reaction of a consumable fuel, typically hydrogen.- and a RESS if





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availableFuel economy (1) The average

number of miles travelled by an automobile or group of automobiles per volume of fuel consumed as calculated in this part; or (2) For the purpose of calculating average fuel economy pursuant to the provisions of part 600, subpart F, fuel economy for electrically powered automobiles means the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy as determined by the Secretary of Energy in accordance with the provisions of 10 CFR 474.

Fuel evaporative emissions

Vaporized fuel emitted into the atmosphere from the fuel system of a motor vehicle.

Fuel evaporative loss emissions

Vaporized fuel emitted into the atmosphere from the fuel system of a motor vehicle.

Fuel-flexible Any motor vehicle





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vehicle (FFV) engineered and designed to be operated on a petroleum fuel and an alcohol fuel, or any mixture of the two. Alcohol-fuelled vehicles that are only marginally functional when using gasoline (e.g., the engine has a drop in rated horsepower of more than 80 per cent) are not flexible fuel vehicles.

Fuel requirement by the engine

The type of fuel normally used by the engine: - petrol, - LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), - NG (natural gas), - either petrol or LPG, - either petrol or NG, - diesel fuel;

ECE-R 83The type of fuel normally used by the engine:(a) Petrol E5);(b) LPG (liquefied petroleum gas);(c) NG/biomethane (natural gas);(d) Either petrol (E5) or LPG;(e) Either petrol (E5) or NG/bio-

(1) Gasoline and diesel fuel for gasoline- or diesel-powered automobiles; or (2) Electrical energy for electrically powered automobiles; or (3) Alcohol for alcohol-powered automobiles; or (4) Natural gas for natural gas-powered automobiles; or (5) Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), commonly referred to as “propane,” for LPG-powered





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methane;(f) Diesel fuel B5);(g) Mixture of ethanol (E85) and petrol (E5) (Flex fuel)(h) Mixture of biodiesel and diesel (B5) (Flex fuel)(i) Hydrogen(j) Either petrol (E5) or Hydrogen (Bi-fuel)

automobiles; or (6) Hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell automobiles and for automobiles equipped with hydrogen internal combustion engines.

Fuel system The combination of fuel tank(s), fuel pump, fuel lines, and carburettor or fuel injection components, and includes all fuel system vents and fuel evaporative emission control system components.

The combination of fuel tank, fuel lines and carburettor, or fuel injector, and includes all vents and fuel evaporative emission control systems or devices.

Fuel trim Feedback adjustments to the base fuel schedule. Short-term fuel trim refers to dynamic or instantaneous adjustments. Long-term fuel trim refers to much more gradual adjustments to the fuel calibration schedule than short-term trim adjustments. These long-term adjustments

OBDFeedback adjustments to the base fuel schedule. Short-term fuel trim refers to dynamic or instantaneous adjustments. Long-term fuel trim refers to much more gradual adjustments to the fuel calibration schedule than short-term trim adjustments.





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compensate for vehicle differences and gradual changes that occur over time.

Fuel type 40 CFR Part 1065 A general category of fuels such as gasoline or LPG. There can be multiple grades within a single type of fuel, such as all-season and winter-grade gasoline.

Full flow dilution method

GTR4The process of mixing the total exhaust flow with dilution air prior to separating a fraction of the diluted exhaust stream for analysis.


GTR #112As above.

Functional check Functional check, in the context of onboard diagnostics, means verifying that a component and/or system that receives information from a control computer responds properly to a command from the control computer.

OBD: “Functional check” for an output component or system means verification of proper response of the component and system to a computer command.





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Functionality failure A malfunction where an output component does not respond to a computer command in the expected way.

Gaseous fuel Natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas.

Any liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas, or compressed natural gas fuels for use in motor vehicles.

Gaseous pollutants 692/2008The exhaust gas emissions of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent, and hydrocarbons with the following ratio:(a) C1H1.89O0.016 for petrol E5)(b) C1H1.86O0.005 for diesel (B5),(c) C1H2.525 for LPG (liquefied petroleum gas),(d) CH4 for NG (natural gas) and (e) biomethane, andC1H2.74O0.385 for ethanol (E85).

715/2007The exhaust gas emissions of

The exhaust gas emissions of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent and hydrocarbons assuming ratio of:- C1H1.85 for petrol,- C1H1.86 for diesel, - C1H2.525 for LPG, - C1H4 for NG.

ECE-R 83The exhaust gas emissions of carbon monoxide,oxides of nitrogen expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent andhydrocarbons assuming ratio of:(a) C1H2.525 for liquefied petroleum

GTR4Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and/or non-methane hydrocarbons (assuming a ratio of CH1.85 for diesel, CH2.525 for LPG and CH2.93 for NG, and an assumed molecule CH3O0.5 for ethanol fuelled diesel engines), methane (assuming a ratio of CH4 for NG) and oxides of nitrogen (expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent).

GTR 10Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and/or non-methane





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carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent, and hydrocarbons;

gas (LPG)(b) C1H4 for natural gas (NG) and biomethane(c) C1H1.89O0.016 for petrol (E5)(d) C1H1.86O0.005 for diesel (B5)(e) C1H2.74O0.385 for ethanol (E85)

hydrocarbons (assuming a ratio of CH1.85 for diesel, CH2.525 for LPG and CH2.93 for NG, and an assumed molecule CH3O0.5 for ethanol fuelled diesel engines), methane (assuming a ration of CH4 for NG) and oxides of nitrogen(expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent) and "particulate matter" (PM) defined as any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust with cleanfiltered air to a temperature between 315 K (42 °C) and 325 K (52 °C), as measured at a point immediately upstream of the filter, this is primarily carbon, condensed hydrocarbons, and sulphates with associated water.

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011





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Carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds ( e.g. hydrocarbons, non-methane hydrocarbons, methane) and oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and additional gaseous compounds

GTR #112As DTP-PMPN 10.10.2011

Gasoline engine OBDAn Otto-cycle engine or an alternate-fuelled engine.

Generic service and repair information

Information which is not specific for an original equipment manufacturer's brand of tools and equipment.

Good engineering judgment

40 CFR Part 1065 Judgments made consistent with generally accepted scientific and engineering principles and all available relevant information. See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative process we use to evaluate good engineering judgment.

GHG vehicle test group

Vehicles that have an identical test group, vehicle





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make and model, transmission class and driveline, aspiration method (e.g., naturally aspirated, turbocharged), camshaft configuration, valve train configuration, and inertia weight class.

Global Warming Potential (GWP)

The 100-year global warming potential specified in IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2000: Emissions Scenarios.N. Nakicenovic et. al. editors, Special Report of Working Group III of the IPCC, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, ISBN 0-521-80493-0.

Greenhouse gas The following gases: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and hydrofluorocarbons.

Grid-connected hybrid electric vehicle

a hybrid electric vehicle that has the capacity for the battery to be recharged from an off-board source of





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electricity and has some all electric range.

Gross vehicle mass

GTR1The maximum mass of the fully laden solo vehicle, based on its construction and design performances, as declared by the manufacturer. This shall be less than or equal to the sum of the maximum axles’ (group of axles) capacity.

Gross vehicle weight

The manufacturer's gross weight rating for the individual vehicle.

Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR)

The value specified by the manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single vehicle.

The manufacturer's gross weight rating for the individual vehicle.

Hang-up The process of hydrocarbon molecules being adsorbed, condensed, or by any other method removed from the sample flow prior to reaching the instrument detector. It also refers to any subsequent desorption of the molecules into the sample flow when they are assumed to be absent.

Heating degree The number of degrees





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day per day the daily average temperature is below 65 degrees Fahrenheit. The daily average temperature is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperature for a 24-hour period. The annual heating degree day value is derived by summing the daily heating degree days over a calendar year period.

HEPA filter 40 CFR Part 1065 High-efficiency particulate air filters that are rated to achieve a minimum initial particle-removal efficiency of 99.97% using ASTM F 1471–93 (incorporated by reference in §1065.1010).

High altitude Any elevation over 1,219 meters (4,000 feet).

High-altitude conditions

A test altitude of 1,620 meters (5,315 feet), plus or minus 100 meters (328 feet), or equivalent observed barometric test conditions of 83.3 kPa (24.2 inches Hg) plus or minus 1 kPa (0.30 Hg).

High-altitude reference point

An elevation of 1,620 meters (5,315 feet)





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plus or minus 100 meters (328 feet), or equivalent observed barometric test conditions of 83.3 kPa (24.2 inches Hg), plus or minus 1 kPa (0.30 Hg).

High speed (nhi) GTR4The highest engine speed where 70 per cent of the declared maximum power occurs.

High-idle speed 40 CFR Part 1065 The engine speed at which an engine governor function controls engine speed with operator demand at maximum and with zero load applied. “Warm high-idle speed” is the high-idle speed of a warmed-up engine.

High-speed governor

40 CFR Part 1065 Any device, system, or element of design that modulates the engine output torque for the purpose of limiting the maximum engine speed.

Hot soak losses ECE-R 83Hydrocarbon emissions arising from the fuel system of a stationary vehicle after a period of driving (assuming a

Hot-soak emissions and hot-soak losses are the evaporative emissions after termination of engine operation.





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ratio of C1 H2.20 );Hot-soak losses means hot soak emissions.

Hydraulic diameter 40 CFR Part 1065 The diameter of a circle whose area is equal to the area of a noncircular cross section of tubing, including its wall thickness. The wall thickness is included only for the purpose of facilitating a simplified and nonintrusive measurement.

Hydrocarbon (HC) 40 CFR Part 1065 THC, THCE, NMHC, or NMHCE, as applicable. Hydrocarbon generally means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission standards are based for each type of fuel and engine.

Idle speed 40 CFR Part 1065 The engine speed at which an engine governor function controls engine speed with operator demand at minimum and with minimum load applied (greater than or equal to zero). For engines without a governor function that controls idle speed, idle speed means the manufacturer-declared





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value for lowest engine speed possible with minimum load. This definition does not apply for operation designated as “high-idle speed.” “Warm idle speed” is the idle speed of a warmed-up engine.

Independent operator

715/2007Undertakings other than authorised dealers and repair shops which are directly or indirectly involved in the repair and maintenance of motor vehicles, in particular repairers, manufacturers or distributors of repair equipment, tools or spare parts, publishers of technical information, automobile clubs, roadside assistance operators, operators offering inspection and testing services, operators offering training for installers, manufacturers and repairers of

Any individual or entity, other than an original equipment manufacturer, which provides service or equipment to automotive technicians.

Any individual or entity, other than a manufacturer, which provides service or equipment to automotive technicians





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equipment for alternative fuel vehicles;

In-service test The test and evaluation of conformity conducted in accordance with paragraph 8.2.1. of this Regulation;

ECE-R 83the test and evaluation of conformity conducted inaccordance with paragraph 9.2.1 of this Regulation;

Internal combustion engine

GTR #112An engine with intermittent or continuous oxidation of combustible material and which generates mechanical energy.

Internal combustion engine vehicle

A vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine only;

Hybrid electric power train

ECE-R 101A power train that, for the purpose of mechanical propulsion, draws energy from both of the following on-vehicle sources of stored

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011A power train that, for the purpose of mechanical propulsion, draws energy from both of the following on-





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energy/power: - a consumable fuel-an electrical energy/power storage device (e.g.: battery, capacitor, flywheel/gene-rator…)

vehicle sources of stored energy/power: - a consumable fuel- a RESS

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)

692/2008A vehicle that, for the purpose of mechanical propulsion, draws energy from both of the following on-vehicle sources of stored energy/ power:(a) a consumable fuel;(b) battery, capacitor, flywheel/ generator or other electricalenergy/ power storage device;

ECE-R 83:A vehicle that, for the purpose of mechanical propulsion, draws energy from both of the following on-vehicle sources of stored energy/power:(a) a consumable fuel(b) an electrical energy/power storage device (e.g.: battery, capacitor, flywheel/generator etc.)

ECE-R 101:A vehicle powered by a hybrid electric power train;

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011A vehicle powered by a hybrid electric power train

A motor vehicle which draws propulsion energy from onboard sources of stored energy that are both an internal combustion engine or heat engine using consumable fuel, and a rechargeable energy storage system such as a battery, capacitor, hydraulic accumulator, or flywheel, where recharge energy for the energy storage system comes solely from sources on board the vehicle.

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has the meaning given in §86.1803–01 of this chapter.

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) means a motor vehicle which draws propulsion energy from onboard sources of stored energy that are both an internal combustion engine or heat engine using consumable fuel, and a rechargeable energy storage system such as a battery, capacitor, hydraulic accumulator, or flywheel, where recharge energy for the energy storage system comes solely from

Any vehicle which is included in the definition of a “series hybrid electric vehicle,” a “parallel hybrid electric vehicle,” or a “battery assisted combustion engine vehicle.”





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sources on board the vehicle.

Hybrid power train ECE-R 101A power train with at least two different energy converters and two different energy storage systems (on-board the vehicle) for the purpose of vehicle propulsion;

Hybrid vehicle (HV) 715/2007A vehicle with at least two different energy converters and two different energy storage systems (on vehicle) for the purpose of vehicle propulsion;

ECE-R 83:A vehicle with at least two different energy converters and two different energy storage systems (on vehicle) for the purpose of vehicle propulsion.

ECE-R 101:a vehicle powered by a hybrid power train;

Identical device A crankcase emission control device identical in all respects, including design, materials, manufacture, installation and operation, with a device which has been certified by





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the Air Resources Board or the Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Board pursuant to the Health and Safety Code, but which is manufactured by a person other than original manufacturer of the device.

Indirect information Any information that is not specifically contained in the service literature, but is contained in items such as tools or equipment provided to franchised dealers (or others).

Inertia weight class The class, which is a group of test weights, into which a vehicle is group-ed based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86.

Compliance: Inertia weight class means the class, which is a group of equivalent test weights, into which a vehicle is grouped based on its test weight basis in accordance with the provisions of this part 86.

The class, which is a group of test weights, into which a vehicle is grouped based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86 of this chapter.

Integrated refuelling emission

A system where vapours resulting from





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control system refuelling are stored in a common vapour storage unit(s) with other evaporative emissions of the vehicle and are purged through a common purge system.

Intermediate speed Peak torque speed if peak torque speed occurs between 60 and 75 per cent of rated speed. If the peak torque speed is less than 60 per cent of rated speed, intermediate speed means 60 per cent of rated speed. If the peak torque speed is greater than 75 per cent of rated speed, intermediate speed means 75 per cent of rated speed.

Intermediate temperature cold testing

Testing done pursuant to the driving cycle and testing conditions contained in 40 CFR part 86, subpart C, at temperatures between 25 °F (−4 °C) and 68 °F (20 °C).

In-use vehicle A customer-owned and operated vehicle which is not under the control of the manufacturer, dealerships or their agents. Leased vehicles will be considered in-use





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vehicles for the purpose of this subpart if the vehicles meet the criteria specified in §86.1845–01.[ § 86.1845-01 Manufacturer in-use verification testing requirements]

In-use verification program (IUVP)

The testing program conducted by manufacturers which gathers in-use emission data in accordance with §86.1848–01 [§ 86.1848-01 Certification.]

Keep-alive memory (KAM)

OBDA type of memory that retains its contents as long as power is provided to the onboard control unit. KAM is not erased upon shutting off the engine but may be erased if power to the on-board control unit is interrupted (e.g., vehicle battery disconnected, fuse to control unit removed). In some cases, portions of KAM may be erased with a scan tool command to reset KAM.





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Label A sticker that contains fuel economy information and is affixed to new automobiles in accordance with subpart D of this part.

Last mode GTR #112 “Last mode”?

Limp-home operation

Limp-home operation as used in §86.010–18 means an operating mode that an engine is designed to enter upon determining that normal operation cannot be maintained. In general, limp-home operation implies that a component or system is not operating properly or is believed to be not operating properly.

Linearity 40 CFR Part 1065 The degree to which measured values agree with respective reference values. Linearity is quantified using a linear regression of pairs of measured values and reference values over a range of values expected or observed during testing. Perfect linearity would result in an intercept, a 0, equal





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to zero, a slope, a 1, of one, a coefficient of determination, r 2 , of one, and a standard error of the estimate, SEE, of zero. The term “linearity” is not used in this part to refer to the shape of a measurement instrument's unprocessed response curve, such as a curve relating emission concentration to voltage output. A properly performing instrument with a nonlinear response curve will meet linearity specifications.

Linearisation GTR #112 Application of a range of concentrations or materials including zero to establish the mathematical relationship between concentration and system response

Linearisation check GTR #112 Application of a range of concentrations or materials including zero to verify the mathematical relationship between





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concentration and system response

Liquefied petroleum gas

A liquid hydrocarbon fuel that is stored under pressure and is composed primarily of species that are gases at atmospheric conditions (temperature = 25 °C and pressure = 1 atm), excluding natural gas.

Loaded vehicle weight

Vehicle curb weight plus 300 pounds.

Low altitude Any elevation equal to or less than 1,219 meters (4,000 feet).

Low altitude conditions

A test altitude less than 549 meters (1,800 feet).

Low-leak air conditioning system

One that meets all of the following criteria:A. All pipe and hose connections are equipped with multiple O-rings, seal washers, or metal gaskets only (e.g., no single O-rings);B. All hoses in contact with the refrigerant must be ultra-low permeability barrier or veneer hose on both the high-pressure and the low-pressure sides of the system (e.g.,





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no rubber hoses); andC. Only multiple-lip compressor shaft seals shall be used (with either compressor body O-rings or gaskets).

Low speed (nlo) GTR4The lowest engine speed where 55 per cent of the declared maximum power occurs.

Malfunction 692/2008The failure of an emission-related component or system that would result in emissions exceeding the limits in section 3.3.2 of Annex XI or if the OBD system is unable to fulfil the basic monitoring requirements set out in Annex XI;

The failure of an emission-related component or system that would result in emissions exceeding the limits in paragraph 3.3.2. or if the OBD system is unable to fulfil the basic monitoring requirements of this annex

A failure or deterioration of a vehicle or engine system or component, including the OBD system, as defined in the specific modules of this GTR.

The conditions have been met that require the activation of an OBD malfunction indicator light and storage of a DTC.

Malfunction means not operating according to specifications (e.g., those specifications listed in the application for certification).

OBDAny deterioration or failure of a component that causes the performance to be outside of the applicable limits in sections (e) and (f).

Malfunction indicator (MI)

692/2008A visible or audible indicator that clearly informs the driver of the vehicle in the event of a malfunction of any emission-related component connected to the

A visible or audible indicator that clearly informs the driver of the vehicle in the event of a malfunction of any emission-related component connected to the OBD system, or the OBD system itself.

An indicator which clearly informs the driver of the vehicle in the event of a malfunction. The MI is part of the alert system.





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OBD system, or of the OBD system itself;

Manufacturer-specific NOx NTE carve-out area

OBDRegions within the NTE control area for NOx where the manufacturer has limited NTE testing as allowed by 40 CFR 86.1370-2007(b)(7).

Manufacturer-specific PM NTE carve-out area

OBDRegions within the NTE control area for PM where the manufacturer has limited NTE testing as allowed by 40 CFR 86.1370-2007(b)(7).

Mass of the vehicle in running order

692/2008The mass described in point 2.6. of Annex I to Directive 2007/46/EC;

ECE-R 83The mass described in Paragraph 2.6. of Annex 1 to this Regulation and for vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of more than 9 persons (in addition to the driver), the mass of a crew member (75 kg), if there is a crew seat amongst the nine or more seats.

GTR1The nominal mass of a vehicle as determined by the following criteria: Sum of unladen vehicle mass and driver’s mass. The driver’s mass is applied in accordance with paragraph 6.1. below. In the case of category 1-2 vehicles, additional crewmembers for which seating positions are provided shall be





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included, their mass being equal to, and incorporated in the same way as, that of the driver.

Maximum mass ECE-R 83The technically permissible maximum mass declared by the vehicle manufacturer (this mass may be greater than the maximum mass authorised by the national administration);

ECE-R 101The technically permissible maximum mass declared by the manufacturer (this mass may be greater than the maximum mass authorized by the national administration);

The technically permissible maximum mass declared by the vehicle manufacturer (this mass may be greater than the maximum mass authorised by the national administration);

Maximum power (Pmax)

GTR4The maximum power in kW as specified by the manufacturer.

Maximum rated horsepower

The maximum brake horsepower output of an engine as stated by the manufacturer in his





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sales and service literature and his application for certification under §86.082–21.

Maximum rated torque

The maximum torque produced by an engine as stated by the manufacturer in his sales and service literature and his application for certification under §86.082–21.

Maximum torque speed

GTR4 The engine speed at which the maximum torque is obtained from the engine, as specified by the manufacturer.

Maximum tyre capacity

GTR1The permissible mass corresponding to the maximum mass to be carried by the tyre as defined by the vehicle manufacturer, not exceeding the tyre manufacturer’s specifications.

Member of the family

ECE-R 83, Annex 12 for approval of a vehicle that runs on LPG or NG/biomethane):A vehicle that shares the





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following essential characteristics with its parent(s):(a) It is produced by the same manufacturer;(b) It is subject to the same emission limits;(c) If the gas fuelling system has a central metering for the whole engine: It has a certified power output between 0.7 and 1.15 times that of theparent vehicle. If the gas fuelling system has an individual metering per cylinder: It has a certified power output per cylinder between 0.7 and 1.15 times that of the parent vehicle. (d) If fitted with a catalyst, it has the same type of catalyst i.e. three way, oxidation, de-NOx. (e) It has a gas fuelling system (including the pressure regulator) from the same system manufacturer and of the same type:





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induction, vapour injection (single point, multipoint), liquid injection (single point, multipoint). (f) This gas fuelling system is controlled by an ECU of the same type and technical specification, containing the same software principles and control strategy. The vehicle may have a second ECU compared to the parent vehicle, provided that the ECU is only used to control the injectors, additional shut-off valves and the data acquisition from additional sensors.

Methane reactivity adjustment factor

A factor applied to the mass of methane emissions from natural gas fuelled vehicles for the purpose of determining the gasoline equivalent ozone-forming potential of the methane emissions.

Methanol Any fuel for motor vehicles and motor





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vehicle engines that is composed of either commercially available or chemically pure methanol (CH3OH) and gasoline as specified in Part II, section A.100.3.1 (Certification Fuel Specifications) of these procedures. The required fuel blend is based on the type of methanol-fuelled vehicle being certified and the particular aspect of the certification procedure being conducted.

Methanol-fuelled Any motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine that is engineered and designed to be operated using methanol fuel (i.e., a fuel that contains at least 50 per cent methanol (CH3OH) by volume) as fuel. Flexible fuel vehicles are methanol-fuelled vehicles.

Methanol-fuelled vehicle

Any motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine that is engineered and designed to be operated using methanol fuel (i.e., a





CARB incl. OBD

fuel that contains at least 50 per cent methanol (CH3OH) by volume) as fuel.

MIL-on DTC The diagnostic trouble code stored when an OBD system has detected and confirmed that a malfunction exists (e.g., typically on the second drive cycle during which a given OBD monitor has evaluated a system or component). Industry standards may refer to this as a confirmed or an active DTC.

Mode GTR #112A distinct driver-selectable condition that affects emissions and fuel / energy consumption (e.g. ).

Modified part Any aftermarket part intended to replace an original equipment emission-related part and which is not functionally identical to the original equipment part in all respects which in any way affect emissions, excluding a consolidated part.





CARB incl. OBD

Mono-fuel vehicle 692/2008A vehicle that is designed to run primarily on one type of fuel;

ECE-R 83A vehicle that is designed primarily for permanent running on LPG or NG, but may also have a petrol system for emergency purposes for starting only, where the petrol tank does not contain more than 15 litres of petrol;DC: does the above definition belong here or under “Mono fuel gas vehicle”?

ECE-R 83 (2011)a vehicle that is designed to run primarily on one type of fuel;

Mono fuel gas vehicle

692/2008A mono fuel vehicle that primarily runs on LPG, NG/ biomethane, or hydrogen but may also have a petrol system for emergency purposes or starting only, where the petrol tank does not contain more than

ECE-R 83A vehicle that is designed primarily for permanent running on LPG or NG/biomethane or hydrogen, but may also have a petrol system for emergency purposes or starting only, where the petrol tank does not contain more than





CARB incl. OBD

15 litres of petrol; 15 litres of petrol.Motor controller An electronic or

electro-mechanical device to convert energy stored in an energy storage device into a form suitable to power the traction motor.

Motor vehicle Motor vehicle has the meaning given in §85.1703 of this chapter.

§85.1703 A vehicle which is self-propelled and capable of transporting a person or persons or any material or any permanently or temporarily affixed apparatus shall be deemed a motor vehicle

40 CFR 86.1803-01 Definitions: Motor vehicle has the meaning given in §85.1703 of this chapter.

"Motor vehicle" has the same meaning as defined in Section 415 of the Vehicle Code.

Motor vehicle pollution control device

Equipment designed for installation on a motor vehicle for the purpose of reducing the air contaminants emitted from the vehicle, or a system or engine modification on a motor vehicle which causes a reduction of air contaminants emitted from the





CARB incl. OBD

vehicle.Multi-fuel The capability of

operating on two or more different fuel types, either separately or simultaneously.

Multi-fuel vehicle Any motor vehicle capable of operating on two or more different fuel types, either separately or simultaneously.

40 CFR 86.1803-01 Definitions: Any motor vehicle capable of operating on two or more different fuel types, either separately or simultaneously.

Multi-mode mode GTR #112More than one operating mode is selectable by the driver or automatically set (e.g. sport, eco, urban).

National/regional legislation

The legislation into which a Contracting Party will, if appropriate, introduce or apply the content of this GTR after having decided, at its discretion, on the options within the GTR.

Natural gas A fuel whose primary constituent is methane.

Natural gas dual fuel automobile

An automobile: (1) Which is designed to operate on natural gas and on





CARB incl. OBD

gasoline or diesel fuel; (2) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated in §600.510(g)(1) while operating on natural gas as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and (3) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds the minimum driving range established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR part 538.

Natural gas-fuelled automobile

An automobile designed to operate exclusively on natural gas.

Natural gas vehicle Any motor vehicle that is engineered and designed to be operated using either compressed natural gas or liquefied natural gas.

New motor vehicle A motor vehicle, the equitable or legal title to which has never been transferred to an





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ultimate purchaser.New motor vehicle engine

A new engine in a motor vehicle.

Nominal fuel tank capacity

The volume of the fuel tank(s), specified by the manufacturer to the nearest tenth of a U.S. gallon, which may be filled with fuel from the fuel tank filler inlet.

Non-emission related maintenance

That maintenance which does not substantially affect emissions and which does not have a lasting effect on the deterioration of the vehicle or engine with respect to emissions once the maintenance is performed at any particular date.

Non-emission-related maintenance

That maintenance which does not substantially affect emissions and which does not have a lasting effect on the emissions deterioration of the vehicle or engine during normal in-use operation once the maintenance is performed.

Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC)

GTR #112Non-oxidised THC excluding methane and ethanol, response factors are applied

Non-methane GTR #112





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organic gases (NMOG)

NMHC plus formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and ethanol

Non-integrated refuelling emission control system

A system where fuel vapours from refuelling are stored in a vapour storage unit assigned solely to the function of storing refuelling vapours.

Non-methane hydrocarbon equivalent (NMHCE)

The sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated non-methane hydrocarbons, methanol, formaldehyde, or other organic compounds that are separately measured, expressed as gasoline-fuelled vehicle hydrocarbons. In the case of exhaust emissions, the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1. In the case of diurnal and hot soak emissions, the hydrogen-to-carbon ratios of the equivalent hydrocarbons are 2.33:1 and 2.2:1, respectively.

40 CFR Part 1065 The sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated





CARB incl. OBD

nonmethane hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes, or other organic compounds that are measured separately as contained in a gas sample, expressed as exhaust nonmethane hydrocarbon from petroleum-fuelled engines. The hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.

Non-methane organic gases (NMOG)

The sum of oxygenated and non-oxygenated hydrocarbons contained in a gas sample as measured in accordance with the California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures. These requirements are incorporated by reference (see §86.1)

The sum of non-oxygenated and oxygenated hydrocarbons contained in a gas sample as measured in accordance with the “California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures,” as incorporated by reference in Part II, section A.100.5.4 of these test procedures.

Non-oxygenated hydrocarbon

Organic emissions measured by a flame ionization detector, excluding methanol.

Non oxidized hydrocarbons (HC)

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011 compounds that





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consist of hydrogen and carbon only non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC):

non-oxidized : hydrocarbons minus methane

total hydrocarbons (THC): compounds determined by FID

GTR #112non oxidized hydrocarbons (HC): compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon only

non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC): non-oxidized hydrocarbons minus methane total hydrocarbons (THC): compounds determined by FID

Non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM)

OBDA type of memory that retains its contents even when power to the on-board control unit is interrupted (e.g., vehicle battery





CARB incl. OBD

disconnected, fuse to control unit removed). NVRAM is typically made non-volatile either by use of a back-up battery within the control unit or through the use of an electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) chip.

Not externally chargeable

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011Means that the RESS cannot be charged externally, also known as "not externally chargeable"

Not Off-Vehicle Charging (NOVC)"

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011Means that the RESS cannot be charged externally, also known as "not externally chargeable"

Not-To-Exceed (NTE) control area

OBDThe bounded region of the engine’s torque and speed map, as defined in 40 CFR 86.1370-2007 Not-To-Exceed Test Procedure, where





CARB incl. OBD

emissions must not exceed a specific emission cap for a given pollutant under the NTE requirement.

NTE deficiency OBDRegions or conditions within the NTE control area for NOX or PM where the manufacturer has received a deficiency as allowed by 40 CFR 86.007-11(a)(4)(iv).

N/V The ratio of engine speed in revolutions per minute (rpm) to vehicle speed in miles per hour in the top transmission gear. At the manufacturer's option, either the 1:1 transmission gear ratio or the lowest numerical gear ratio available in the transmission will be used to determine N/V.

OBD system (on-board diagnostics)

715/2007A system for emission control which has the capability of identifying the likely area of malfunction by means of fault codes stored in computer memory;

An on-board diagnostic system for emission control, which has / shall have the capability of identifying the likely area of malfunction by means of fault codes stored in computer memory;

A system on board of a vehicle or engine which has the capability of detecting malfunctions, and, if applicable, of indicating their occurrence by means of an alert system, of





CARB incl. OBD

ECE-R 83An on-board diagnostic system for emission control, which has the capability of identifying the likely area of malfunction by means of fault codes stored in computer memory;

identifying the likely area of the malfunctions by means of information stored in computer memory, and/or communicating that information off-board.

On-board anemometry

Measurement of wind speed and direction with an anemometer appropriately installed to the test vehicle

Onboard Diagnostics (OBD) group

A combination of engines, engine families, or engine ratings that use the same OBD strategies and similar calibrations.

Opacity The fraction of a beam of light, expressed in per cent, which fails to penetrate a plume of smoke.

Option Any available equipment or feature not standard equipment on a model.

Option Option, in the context of a vehicle design feature, means any available equipment or feature not standard equipment on a model.

Organic material The sum of the





CARB incl. OBD

non-methane hydrocarbon equivalent” (or “OMNMHCE”) for methanol-fuelled vehicles

carbon mass contribution of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons (excluding methane), methanol, and formaldehyde as contained in a gas sample, expressed as gasoline-fuelled hydrocarbons. For ethanol-fuelled vehicles, “organic material non-methane hydrocarbon equivalent” (or “OMNMHCE”) means the sum of carbon mass contribution of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons (excluding methane), methanol, ethanol, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde as contained in a gas sample, expressed as gasoline-fuelled hydrocarbons.

Original equipment catalytic converter / pollution control device

A pollution control device or an assembly of such devices covered by the type approval delivered for the vehicle;

A catalytic converter or an assembly of catalytic converters covered by the type approval delivered for the vehicle and whose types are





CARB incl. OBD

indicated in the documents related to Annex 2 of Regulation No. 83

Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)

The manufacturer responsible for the design and production of a vehicle or component. This manufacturer will be fully knowledgeable of any production changes made to the design of the vehicle or component and shall be able to track the individual vehicles or component with regard to such production changes.

Original pollution control device

715/2007A pollution control device or an assembly of such devices covered by the type approval granted for the vehicle concerned;

Original replacement catalytic converter / pollution control device

692/2008A pollution control device or an assembly of such devices whose types are indicated in Appendix 4 to Annex I to this regulation but are offered on the market as separate technical

A catalytic converter or an assembly of catalytic converters whose types are indicated in the documents related to Annex 2 of Regulation No. 83., but are offered in the market as separate technical





CARB incl. OBD

units by the holder of the vehicle type approval.

units by the holder of the vehicle type-approval.

Otto-cycle Type of engine with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle. The use of a throttle during normal operation is indicative of an Otto-cycle engine.

Off-Vehicle Charging (OVC)

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011 The RESS can be charged externally, also known as "externally chargeable"

Oxides of nitrogen The sum of the nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide contained in a gas sample as if the nitric oxide were in the form of nitrogen dioxide.

40 CFR Part 1065 Oxides of nitrogen means NO and NO2as measured by the procedures specified in §1065.270. Oxides of nitrogen are expressed quantitatively as if the NO is in the form of NO2, such that you use an effective molar





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mass for all oxides of nitrogen equivalent to that of NO2.

Oxygenated fuels 40 CFR Part 1065 Fuels composed of oxygen-containing compounds, such as ethanol or methanol. Testing engines that use oxygenated fuels generally requires the use of the sampling methods in subpart I of this part. However, you should read the standard-setting part and subpart I of this part to determine appropriate sampling methods.

Parallel hybrid electric vehicle

Any vehicle that allows power to be delivered to the driven wheels by either a combustion engine and/or by a battery powered electric motor.

Parent engine GTR4An engine selected from an engine family in such a way that its emissions characteristics are representative for that engine family.

DTP-PMPN-





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10.10.2011An engine selected from an engine family in such a way that its emissions characteristics are representative for that engine family.

GTR #112As above.

Parent vehicle A vehicle that is selected to act as the vehicle on which the self-adaptability of a fuelling system is going to be demonstrated, and to which the members of a family refer. It is possible to have more than one parent vehicle in a family.

ECE-R 83, Annex 12 for approval of a vehicle that runs on LPG or NG/biomethane):

A vehicle that is selected to act as the vehicle on which the self-adaptability of a fuelling system is going to be





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demonstrated, and to which the members of a family refer. It is possible to have more than one parent vehicle in a family.

Partial flow dilution method

GTR4The process of separating a part from the total exhaust flow, then mixing it with an appropriate amount of dilution air prior to the particulate sampling filter.

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011 . The process of separating a part from the total exhaust flow, then mixing it with an appropriate amount of dilution air prior to the particulate sampling filter (potentially also for gaseous compounds – BMD).

GTR #112As above.

Partial pressure 40 CFR Part 1065 The pressure, p, attributable to a single gas in a gas mixture.





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For an ideal gas, the partial pressure divided by the total pressure is equal to the constituent's molar concentration, x.

Particulate after-treatment device

GTR4An exhaust after-treatment system designed to reduce aerodynamic, diffusional or inertial separation.

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011 An exhaust after-treatment system designed to reduce emissions of particulate pollutants (PM) through a mechanical, aerodynamic, diffusional or inertial separation.

GTR #112As above.

Particulate matter (PM)

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011 Any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust with clean filtered air to a temperature between 293 K (20 °C) and 325 K (52 °C), as





CARB incl. OBD

measured at a point immediately upstream of the filter; this is primarily carbon, condensed hydrocarbons, and sulphates with associated water.

GTR #112Any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust with clean filtered air to a temperature between 315 K (42 °C) and 325 K (52 °C), as measured at a point immediately upstream of the filter; this is primarily carbon, condensed hydrocarbons, and sulphates with associated water.

Particulate matter weighing chamber

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011 A chamber used for the determination of the mass of filters, and meeting the requirements of annex 3 section 2.

Particulate number(s)

ECE-R 83The total number of particles of a

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011The total number of





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diameter greater than 23 mm diameter present in the diluted exhaust gas after it has been conditioned to remove volatile material, as described in Annex 4a, Appendix 5.

particles in the diluted exhaust gas, as measured using a particle number counter with inlet efficiency as specified in Annex 3 paragraph 1.3.4.8, after it has been conditioned to remove volatile material, as described in Annex 3, paragraphs 1.3.3.1 to 1.3.3.6.

Particulate pollutants (PM)

715/2007Components of the exhaust gas which are removed from the diluted exhaust gas at a maximum temperature of 325 K (52°C) by means of the filters described in test procedure for verifying average tailpipe emissions;

ECE-R 83Components of the exhaust gas which are removed from the diluted exhaust gas at a maximum temperature of 325 K (52 °C) by means of the filters described in Annex 4;

Any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust with clean filtered air to a temperature between 315 K (42 °C) and 325 K (52 °C), as measured at a point immediately upstream of the filter; this is primarily carbon, condensed hydrocarbons, and sulphates with associated water.

GTR #112Components of the exhaust gas which are removed from the diluted exhaust gas at a maximum





CARB incl. OBD

temperature of 325 K (52 °C) by means of the filters described in Annex 4;

Passenger automobile

Passenger automobile has the meaning given by the Department of Transportation at 49 CFR 523.4.

Passenger car (PC)

Any motor vehicle designed primarily for transportation of persons and having a design capacity of twelve persons or less. “Passenger car” or “PC” means any motor vehicle designed primarily for transportation of persons and having a design capacity of 12 persons or less.

OBD: “Passenger car” is defined in title 13, CCR section 1900 (b).

Passenger mass GTR1The nominal mass of a passenger that shall be 68 kg except: in the case of category 1-1 vehicle, where each passenger must additionally have 7 kg provision for luggage which





CARB incl. OBD

shall be located in the luggage compartment(s) in accordance with ISO standard 2416:1992. in the case of category 1-2 vehicles not designed to carry standing passengers, where each passenger must have 3 kg additional provision for hand baggage.

Passenger vehicle "Passenger vehicle" has the same meaning as defined in Section 465 of the Vehicle Code.

Pay mass GTR1The goods-carrying capacity of the vehicle which is the figure obtained by subtracting the unladen vehicle mass and the driver and passenger masses from the gross vehicle mass.

Peak torque speed The speed at which an engine develops maximum torque.

Pending DTC The diagnostic trouble code stored upon the detection of a potential malfunction.

Pending fault code OBD





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The diagnostic trouble code stored upon the initial detection of a malfunction (e.g., typically on a single driving cycle) prior to illumination of the MIL in accordance with the requirements of sections (e), (f), and (g)(4.4).

Per cent (%) 40 CFR Part 1065 A representation of exactly 0.01. Numbers expressed as percentages in this part (such as a tolerance of ±2%) have infinite precision, so 2% and 2.000000000% have the same meaning. This means that where we specify some percentage of a total value, the calculated value has the same number of significant digits as the total value. For example, 2% of a span value where the span value is 101.3302 is 2.026604.

Percentage of misfire

OBDThe percentage of misfires out of the total number of firing events for the specified interval.

Per cent load The fraction of the





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maximum available torque at a specified engine speed.

Periodically regenerating system

692/2008Catalytic converters, particulate filters or other pollution control devices that require a periodical regeneration process in less than 4,000 km of normal vehicle operation.

ECE-R 83,ECE-R 101An anti-pollution device (e.g. catalytic converter, particulate trap) that requires a periodical regeneration process in less than 4,000 km of normal vehicle operation. (During cycles where regeneration occurs, emission standards can be exceeded.) If a regeneration of an anti-pollution device occurs at least once per Type I test and that has already regenerated at least once during vehicle preparation cycle, it will be considered as a continuously regenerating system which does not require a special test procedure. Annex 13 of R83 / 10 of R101 does not apply to

An anti-pollution device (e.g. catalytic converter, particulate trap) that requires a periodical regeneration process in less than 4,000 km of normal vehicle operation.





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continuously regenerating systems.

At the request of the manufacturer, the test procedure specific to periodically regenerating systems will not apply to a regenerative device if the manufacturer provides data to the type approval authority that, during cycles where regeneration occurs, (emissions remain below the standards given in paragraph 5.3.1.4. applied for the concerned vehicle category after agreement of the technical service.)[DC: is there a special significance that the last sentence is in brackets?]

[emission of CO2 does not exceed the declared value by more than 4 per cent after agreement of the technical service]





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Note ()= R83 text, []= R101 text[DC: is there a special significance that the last sentence is in brackets?]

Periodically regenerating trap oxidizer system

A trap oxidizer that utilizes, during normal driving conditions, an automated regeneration mode for cleaning the trap, the operation of which can be easily detected.

Periodic regeneration

GTR4The regeneration process of an exhaust after-treatment system that occurs periodically in typically less than 100 hours of normal engine operation. During cycles where regeneration occurs, emission standards may be exceeded.

GTR 10The regeneration process of an exhaust aftertreatment system that occurs periodically in typically less than 100 hours of

The regeneration process of an exhaust aftertreatment system that occurs periodically in typically less than 100 hours of normal engine operation.





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normal engine operation.

DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011 An anti-pollution device (e.g. catalytic converter, particulate trap) that does not regenerate every WLTP-DHC test cycle, but requires a periodical regeneration process in less than 4,000 km of normal vehicle operation. During cycles where periodic regeneration occurs, emission standards may be exceeded. Test procedures for exhaust aftertreatment systems featuring periodic regeneration are contained in Annex 5. At the request of the manufacturer, and subject to the agreement of the type approval or certification authority, the test procedure specific to periodically





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regenerating systems will not apply to a regenerative device if the manufacturer provides data demonstrating that, during cycles where regeneration occurs, emissions remain below the emissions limits applied by the Contracting Party for the relevant vehicle category

GTR #112 an anti-pollution device (e.g. catalytic converter, particulate trap) that requires a periodical regeneration process in less than 4,000 km of normal vehicle operation. During cycles where regeneration occurs, emission standards can be exceeded. If a regeneration of an anti-pollution device occurs at least once per Type I test and that has already regenerated at





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least once during vehicle preparation cycle, it will be considered as a continuously regenerating system which does not require a special test procedure. Annex 13 does not apply to continuously regenerating systems. At the request of the manufacturer, the test procedure specific to periodically regenerating systems will not apply to a regenerative device if the manufacturer provides data to the type approval authority that, during cycles where regeneration occurs, emissions remain below the standards given in paragraph 5.3.1.4. applied for the concerned vehicle category after agreement of the technical service.

Permanent DTC A DTC that corresponds to a MIL-on DTC and is stored in





CARB incl. OBD

non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). A permanent DTC can only be erased by the OBD system itself and cannot be erased through human interaction with the OBD system or any onboard computer.

Permanent emission default mode

A case where the engine management controller permanently switches to a setting that does not require an input from a failed component or system where such a failed component or system would result in an increase in emissions from the vehicle to a level above the limits given in pararagraph 3.3.2. of this annex.

Permanent fault code

A confirmed fault code that is currently commanding the MIL on and is stored in NVRAM as specified in sections (d)(2) and (g)(4.4).





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Petroleum fuel Liquid fuels normally derived from crude oil, excluding liquefied petroleum gas. Gasoline and diesel fuel are petroleum fuels.

Petroleum-powered accessory

A vehicle accessory (e.g., a cabin heater, defroster, and/or air conditioner) that: (1) Uses gasoline or diesel fuel as its primary energy source; and (2) Meets the requirements for fuel, operation, and emissions in §88.104–94(g) of this chapter.

40 CFR 86.1803-01 Definitions A vehicle accessory (e.g., a cabin heater, defroster, and/or air conditioner) that:(1) Uses gasoline or diesel fuel as its primary energy source; and(2) Meets the requirements for fuel, operation, and emissions in §88.104–94(g) of this chapter.

Plug in hybrid electric vehicle (plug in HEV)

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) means a hybrid electric vehicle that has the capability to charge the battery from an off-vehicle electric source, such that the off-vehicle source cannot be connected to the vehicle while the vehicle is in motion.

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) has the meaning given in §86.1803–01 of this chapter:

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) means a hybrid electric vehicle that has the capability to charge the battery from an off-vehicle electric source,





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such that the off-vehicle source cannot be connected to the vehicle while the vehicle is in motion.

PM2.5 Particulate matter 2.5 microns and smaller in size.

Pollution control devices

715/2007Those components of a vehicle that control and/or limit tailpipe and evaporative emissions;

ECE-R 83Those components of a vehicle that control and/or limit exhaust and evaporative emissions.

A catalyst (oxidation or 3-way), particulate filter, deNOx system, combined deNOx particulate filter or any other emission reducing device that is installed downstream of the engine. This definition excludes exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), which is considered an integral part of the engine.DTP-PMPN-10.10.2011 An engine in which combustion is initiated by a localised high temperature in the cylinder produced by energy supplied from a source





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external to the cylinder

Portable emission measurement system (PEMS)

40 CFR Part 1065 A measurement system consisting of portable equipment that can be used to generate brake-specific emission measurements during field testing or laboratory testing.

Potential malfunction

Conditions have been detected that meet the OBD malfunction criteria but for which more drive cycles are allowed to provide further evaluation prior to confirming that a malfunction exists.

Power driven vehicle

GTR1Any self-propelled vehicle designed and constructed to be used on the road and having at least two wheels

Power take-off operation or unit

692/2008An engine-driven output provision for the purposes of powering auxiliary, vehicle mounted, equipment;

An engine-driven output provision for the purposes of powering auxiliary, vehicle mounted, equipment.

An engine driven output provision for the purposes of powering auxiliary equipment (e.g., a dump-truck bed, aerial bucket, or tow-truck winch).

Power train The system of energy storage device(s), energy converter(s) and transmission(s) that converts stored





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energy to mechanical energy delivered at the wheels for propulsion of the vehicle;

ECE-R 101The system of energy storage device(s), energy converter(s) and transmission(s) that converts stored energy to mechanical energy delivered at the wheels for propulsion of the vehicle

Precision GTR #112The degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results

The standard deviation of replicated measurements.

40 CFR Part 1065 Two times the standard deviation of a set of measured values of a single zero or reference quantity.

Previous-MIL-on DTC

A DTC that corresponds to a MIL-on DTC but is distinguished by representing a malfunction that the OBD system has determined no longer exists but for which insufficient operation





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has occurred to satisfy the DTC erasure provisions.

Properly maintained and used

692/2008For the purpose of a test vehicle, that such a vehicle satisfies the criteria for acceptance of a selected vehicle laid down in section 2 of Appendix 1 to Annex II;

ECE-R 83For the purpose of a test vehicle, that such a vehicle satisfies the criteria for acceptance of a selected vehicle laid down in paragraph 2. of Appendix 3 to this Regulation;

Proven emission control systems

Emission control components or systems (and fuel metering systems) that have completed full durability testing evaluation over a vehicle's useful life in some other certified engine family, or have completed bench or road testing demonstrated to be equal or more severe than certification mileage accumulation requirements. Alternatively, proven components or systems are those that are determined by EPA to be of comparable functional quality and manufactured using comparable materials and production





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techniques as components or systems which have been durability demonstrated in some other certified engine family. In addition, the components or systems must be employed in an operating environment (e.g., temperature, exhaust flow, etc.,) similar to that experienced by the original or comparable components or systems in the original certified engine family.

Proving ring 40 CFR Part 1065 A device used to measure static force based on the linear relationship between stress and strain in an elastic material. It is typically a steel alloy ring, and you measure the deflection (strain) of its diameter when a static force (stress) is applied across its diameter.

PTFE 40 CFR Part 1065 Polytetrafluoroethylene, commonly known as TeflonTM

Pure electric vehicle

Electric vehicle

ECE-R 101a vehicle powered by an electric power train only;

A motor vehicle that is powered solely by an electric motor drawing current from a

Electric vehicle has the meaning given in §86.1803–





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rechargeable energy storage system, such as from storage batteries or other portable electrical energy storage devices, including hydrogen fuel cells, provided that: (1) The vehicle is capable of drawing recharge energy from a source off the vehicle, such as residential electric service; and (2) The vehicle must be certified to the emission standards of Bin #1 of Table S04–1 in §86.1811–09(c)(6). (3) The vehicle does not have an onboard combustion engine/generator system as a means of providing electrical energy.

01 of this chapter:

Electric vehicle means a motor vehicle that is powered solely by an electric motor drawing current from a rechargeable energy storage system, such as from storagebatteries or other portable electrical energy storage devices, including hydrogen fuel cells, provided that:(1) The vehicle is capable of drawing recharge energy from a source off the vehicle, such as residential electric service; and(2) The vehicle must be certified to the emission standards of Bin #1 of Table S04-1 in §86.1811-09(c)(6). (3) The vehicle does not have an onboard combustion engine/ generator system as a means of providing





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electrical energy.Qualified deteriorated component or system (QDC)

A component or system that has been intentionally deteriorated (e.g. accelerated aging) and/or manipulated in a controlled manner and which has been accepted by the authorities according to the provisions set in the applicable specific module as a qualified component for the purpose of demonstrating compliance of the OBD system with this gtr.

Rated speed GTR4The maximum full load speed allowed by the governor asspecified by the manufacturer in his sales and service literature, or, if such a governor is not present, the speed at which the maximum power is obtained from theengine, as specified by the manufacturer in his sales and service literature.

The speed at which the manufacturer specifies the maximum rated horsepower of an engine.

Rationality check Rationality check, in





CARB incl. OBD

the context of onboard diagnostics, means verifying that a component that provides input to a control computer provides an accurate input to the control computer while in the range of normal operation and when compared to all other available information.

Rationality failure A malfunction where the signal from an individual sensor or component is at variance with that expected when assessed against signals available from other sensors or components within the control system. Rationality failures include malfunctions that lead to the measured signal (i.e. voltages, currents, frequencies, etc.) being inside the range where the transfer function of the sensor is designed to operate.

Rationality fault diagnostic

OBDFor an input





CARB incl. OBD

component means verification of the accuracy of the input signal while in the range of normal operation and when compared to all other available information.

RCB correction criteria

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011The RCB value (A.h) which determines if and when the CO2/ fuel consumption value in CS operation condition (% of fuel consumption) must be corrected.

RCB criteria DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011The charge balance of the RESS (A.h)

Reactivity adjustment factor

A fraction applied to the NMOG emissions from a vehicle powered by a fuel other than conventional gasoline for the purpose of determining a gasoline-equivalent NMOG level. The reactivity adjustment factor is





CARB incl. OBD

defined as the ozone-forming potential of clean fuel vehicle exhaust divided by the ozone-forming potential of gasoline vehicle exhaust.“Reactivity adjustment factor” or “RAF” means a fraction applied to the mass of NMOG emissions from a vehicle powered by a fuel other than conventional gasoline for the purpose of determining a gasoline-equivalent NMOG emission value. The reactivity adjustment factor is defined as the ozone-forming potential of the exhaust from a vehicle powered by a fuel other than conventional gasoline divided by the ozone-forming potential of conventional gasoline vehicle exhaust.

Reagent 692/2008Any product other





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than fuel that is stored on-board the vehicle and is provided to the exhaust after-treatment system upon request of the emission control system.

Rechargeable energy storage system (RESS)

DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011The rechargeable energy storage system that provides electric energy for electric propulsion (e.g.: battery, capacitor, flywheel/ generator ...).

Redline engine speed

OBDShall be defined by the manufacturer as either the recommended maximum engine speed as normally displayed on instrument panel tachometers or the engine speed at which fuel shutoff occurs.

Reference atmospheric conditions

Atmospheric conditions of the following values, to which the road-





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load measurement results are corrected:a) atmospheric pressure: p0 = 100 kPa, unless otherwise specified by regulations;b) atmospheric temperature: t0 = 293 K, unless otherwise specified by regulations;c) dry air density: ρ0 = 1,189 kg/m3, unless otherwise specified by regulations;wind speed: 0 m/s.

Reference mass 715/2007The mass of the vehicle in running order less the uniform mass of the driver of 75 kg and increased by a uniform mass of 100 kg;

R83The unladen mass of the vehicle increased by a uniform figure of 100 kg (for test according to Annexes 4 and 8,) note, text in brackets only in ECE-R 83

ECE-R 101The unladen mass of the vehicle increased by a uniform figure of 100 kg;

Reference speed A vehicle speed at which a chassis-





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dynamometer load is verified. Reference speeds may be continuous speed points covering the complete speed range.

Reference value GTR #112 A value traceable to a national standard

Refuelling emissions

Evaporative emissions that emanate from a motor vehicle fuel tank(s) during a refuelling operation.

Refuelling emissions canister(s)

Any vapour storage unit(s) that is exposed to the vapours generated during refuelling.

Regression statistic

40 CFR Part 1065 Any of the regression statistics specified in §1065.602.

Regulated emissions

GTR 10means "gaseous pollutants" defined as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and/or non-methane hydrocarbons (assuming a ratio of CH1.85 for diesel, CH2.525 for LPG and CH2.93 for NG, and an assumed molecule CH3O0.5





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for ethanol fuelled diesel engines), methane (assuming a ration of CH4 for NG) and oxides of nitrogen (expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent) and "particulate matter" (PM) defined as any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust with clean filtered air to a temperature between 315 K (42 °C) and 325 K (52 °C), as measured at a point immediately upstream of the filter, this is primarily carbon, condensed hydrocarbons, and sulphates with associated water.

Repeatability 40 CFR Part 1065 The precision of ten mean measurements of a reference quantity. Determine instrument repeatability, accuracy, and noise from the same data set. We specify a procedure for determining repeatability in





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§1065.305.Repair information

Vehicle repair and maintenance information

715/2007All information required for diagnosis, servicing, inspection, periodic monitoring, repair, re-programming or reinitialising of the vehicle and which the manufacturers provide for their authorised dealers/repair shops, including all subsequent amendments and supplements to such information. This information includes all information required for fitting parts or equipment on vehicles;

All information required for diagnosis, servicing, inspection, periodic monitoring or repair of the vehicle and which the manufacturers provide for their authorised dealers/repair shops. Where necessary, such information shall include service handbooks, technical manuals, diagnosis information (e.g. minimum and maximum theoretical values for measurements), wiring diagrams, the software calibration identification number applicable to a vehicle type, instructions for individual and special cases, information provided concerning tools and equipment, data record information and two-directional

Enhanced service and repair information means information which is specific for an original equipment manufacturer's brand of tools and equipment.Generic service and repair information means information which is not specific for an original equipment manufacturer's brand of tools and equipment.





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monitoring and test data. The manufacturer shall not be obliged to make available that information which is covered by intellectual property rights or constitutes specific know-how of manufacturers and/or OEM suppliers; in this case the necessary technical information shall not be improperly withheld.

Replacement catalytic converter / pollution control device

715/2007A pollution control device or an assembly of such devices intended to replace an original equipment pollution control device which can be approved as a separate technical unit as defined in Directive 70/156/EEC

A catalytic converter or an assembly of catalytic converters for which approval can be obtained according to this Regulation, other than those defined in paragraph 2.1. above.

Replacement part Any aftermarket part intended to replace an original equipment emissions-related part and which is functionally identical to the original equipment





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part in all respects which in any way affect emissions (including durability), or a consolidated part.

Reproducibility GTR #112 The degree of agreement between measurements or observations conducted on replicate specimens in different locations by different people.

Response time

(CARB: response rate)

GTR4The difference in time between the change of the component to be measured at the reference point and a system response of 90 per cent of the final reading (t90) with the sampling probe being defined as the reference point, whereby the change of the measured component is at least 60 per cent full scale (FS) and takes place in less than 0.1 second. The system response time

The delay from when the sensor is exposed to a different make-up of exhaust gas constituents until it outputs a signal reflecting the different make-up of exhaust gas constituents. For example, for oxygen sensors, response rate is the delay from when the oxygen sensor is exposed to a change in exhaust gas from richer/leaner than stoichiometric to leaner/richer than stoichiometric to the time when the





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consists of the delay time to the system and of the rise time of the system.


GTR #112The difference in time between the change of the component to be measured at the reference point and a system response of 90 per cent of the final reading (t90) with the sampling probe being defined as the reference point, whereby the change of the measured component is at least 60 per cent full scale (FS) and takes place in less than 0.1 second. The system response time consists of the delay time to the system and of the rise time of the system.

oxygen sensor indicates the lean/rich condition. Similarly, for wide-range air-fuel (A/F) sensors, response rate is the delay from when the sensor is exposed to a different A/F ratio to the time it indicates the different A/F ratio. For NOx and PM sensors, response rate is the delay from when the sensor is exposed to a different NOx or PM exhaust gas level until it indicates the different NOx or PM exhaust gas level.

Resting losses Evaporative emissions that may occur





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continuously, that are not diurnal emissions, hot soak emissions, refuelling emissions, running losses, or spitback emissions.

Rise time

Rise time, t10-90

GTR4The difference in time the 10 per cent and 90 per cent response of the final reading (t90

– t10).Should this not read: The difference in time between the 10 per cent….

GTR #112The difference in time the 10 per cent and 90 per cent response of the final reading (t90

– t10).

40 CFR Part 1065 The time interval of a measurement instrument's response after any step increase to the input between the following points: (1) The point at which the response has risen 10% of the total amount it will rise in response to the step change. (2) The point at which the response has risen 90% of the total amount it will rise in response to the step change.

Road load General meaning of the force or torque which opposes the movement of a vehicle, including total resistance and/or running resistance

Rolling resistance Opposing force in the drive-train, axles and tyres to the motion of a vehicle





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Roughness (or average roughness, R a )

40 CFR Part 1065 The size of finely distributed vertical surface deviations from a smooth surface, as determined when traversing a surface. It is an integral of the absolute value of the roughness profile measured over an evaluation length.

Rounded

Round, rounded or rounding

Round, rounded or rounding means, unless otherwise specified, that numbers will be rounded according to ASTM–E29–93a, which is incorporated by reference in this part pursuant to §86.1.

40 CFR Part 1065 Round means to apply the rounding convention specified in §1065.20(e), unless otherwise specified.

Round, rounded or rounding means, unless otherwise specified, that numbers will be rounded according to ASTM-E29-93a, which is incorporated by reference in this part pursuant to §86.1.

Rounded means a number shortened to the specific number of decimal places in accordance with the rounding method specified in ASTM E 29–67 (Reapproved 1973) “Standard Recommended Practice for Indicating which Places of Figures





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are to be Considered Significant in Specified Limiting Values.”

Running loss Fuel evaporative emissions resulting from an average trip in an urban area or the simulation of such a trip.

Running losses Evaporative emissions that occur during vehicle operation.

Running resistance Torque-resisting movement of a vehicle, measured by the torque-meter installed in the drive-train of a vehicle, including the friction torque in the drive-train downstream of the torque-meter

Scheduled maintenance

Any adjustment, repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of vehicle components or systems which is performed on a periodic basis to prevent part failure or vehicle (if the engine were installed in a vehicle) malfunction, or anticipated as necessary to correct an





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overt indication of vehicle malfunction or failure for which periodic maintenance is not appropriate.

40 CFR Part 1065 Adjusting, repairing, removing, disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems periodically to keep a part or system from failing, malfunctioning, or wearing prematurely. It also may mean actions you expect are necessary to correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic maintenance is not appropriate.

Scheduled maintenance (compliance)

Any adjustment, repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of vehicle components or systems which is performed on a periodic basis to prevent part failure or vehicle (if the engine were installed in a vehicle) malfunction, or anticipated as necessary from inspection to correct an





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overt indication of vehicle malfunction or failure for which periodic maintenance is not appropriate.

Secondary air 692/2008The air introduced into the exhaust system by means of a pump or aspirator valve or other means that is intended to aid in the oxidation of HC and CO contained in the exhaust gas stream;

Refers to air introduced into the exhaust system by means of a pump or aspirator valve or other means that is intended to aid in the oxidation of HC and CO contained in the exhaust gas stream.

Secondary air injection

Secondary air injection means a system whereby air (not ingested by the engine) is introduced into the exhaust system in front of a catalyst.

Series hybrid electric vehicle

Any vehicle that allows power to be delivered to the driven wheels solely by a battery powered electric motor, but which also incorporates the use of a combustion engine to provide power to the battery and/or electric motor.

Setpoint GTR #112The target value which the control system will aim to





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reach. The actual value shall not show a systematic deviation from the setpoint.

Shared atmospheric pressure meter

40 CFR Part 1065 An atmospheric pressure meter whose output is used as the atmospheric pressure for an entire test facility that has more than one dynamometer test cell.

Shared humidity measurement

40 CFR Part 1065 A humidity measurement that is used as the humidity for an entire test facility that has more than one dynamometer test cell.

Similar emission control systems

Similar systems

Engine, fuel metering and emission control system combinations which use the same fuel (e.g., gasoline, diesel, etc.), combustion cycle (e.g., two or four stroke), general type of fuel system (e.g., carburettor or fuel injection), catalyst system (e.g., none, oxidization, three-way plus oxidization, three-way only, etc.), fuel control system (e.g., feedback or non-feedback), secondary air system (e.g., equipped or not





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equipped) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) (e.g., equipped or not equipped).

Simulated road load

Road load to be calculated from measured coastdown data using the least-square regression. See Annex 1 for the calculation procedure.

Small volume manufacturers

692/2008Vehicle manufacturers whose world-wide annual production is less than 10 000 units

With respect to the 2001 and subsequent model-years, a manufacturer with California sales less than 4,500 new passenger cars, light-duty trucks, medium-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines based on the average number of vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive model years for which a manufacturer seeks certification as a small volume manufacturer

Smoke The matter in the exhaust emission which obscures the transmission of light.





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Span 40 CFR Part 1065 To adjust an instrument so that it gives a proper response to a calibration standard that represents between 75% and 100% of the maximum value in the instrument range or expected range of use.

Span gas A gas of known concentration which is used routinely to set the output level of an analyser.

40 CFR Part 1065 A purified gas mixture used to span gas analysers. Span gases must meet the specifications of §1065.750. Note that calibration gases and span gases are qualitatively the same, but differ in terms of their primary function. Various performance verification checks for gas analysers and sample handling components might refer to either calibration gases or span gases.

Spark-ignition 40 CFR Part 1065 Means relating to a gasoline-fuelled engine or any other type of





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engine with a spark plug (or other sparking device) and with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle. Spark-ignition engines usually use a throttle to regulate intake air flow to control power during normal operation.

Special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use

Special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use means a vehicle: (1) That has 4-wheel drive; and (2) That has at least four of the following characteristics calculated when the automobile is at curb weight, on a level surface, with the front wheels parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline, and the tires inflated to the manufacturer's recommended pressure; (i) Approach angle of not less than 28 degrees. (ii) Breakover angle of not less than 14 degrees. (iii) Departure angle of not less than 20 degrees. (iv) Running clearance





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of not less than 8 inches. (v) Front and rear axle clearances of not less than 7 inches each.

Specific reactivity The grams of ozone created per gram of NMOG emitted. This term is also known as ozone-forming potential.

Speed range Range of speed of chassis dynamometer roller between 15 km/h and maximum reference speed plus 10 km/h, over which the coast-down test is conducted

Spitback emissions Evaporative emissions resulting from the loss of liquid fuel that is emitted from a vehicle during a fuelling operation.

Standard deviation 40 CFR Part 1065 Has the meaning given in §1065.602. Note this is the standard deviation for a non-biased sample.

Standard equipment

Those features or equipment which are marketed on a vehicle over which the purchaser can exercise no choice.





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Standardised All data stream information, including all fault codes used, shall be produced only in accordance with industry standards which, by virtue of the fact that their format and their permitted options are clearly defined, provide for a maximum level of harmonisation in the motor vehicle industry, and whose use is expressly permitted in this Regulation.

Starting aid 692/2008Glow plugs, modifications to the injection timing and other devices which assist the engine to start without enrichment of the air/fuel mixture of the engine;

ECE-R 83,ECE-R 101A device which assists engine start up without enrichment of the air/fuel mixture of the engine, e.g. glow plug, injection timing change, etc.;

Static loaded radius arc

NHTSA 49 Part 523 VEHICLE CLASSIFICATIONA portion of a circle whose center is the center of a standard tire-rim combination of an automobile and whose radius is the distance from that





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center to the level surface on which the automobile is standing, measured with the automobile at curb weight, the wheel parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline, and the tire inflated to the manufacturer's recommended pressure.

Stationary anemometry

Measurement of wind speed and direction with an anemometer at a location and height above road level alongside the test road where the most representative wind conditions will be experienced

Stoichiometric 40 CFR Part 1065 Stoichiometric means relating to the particular ratio of air and fuel such that if the fuel were fully oxidized, there would be no remaining fuel or oxygen. For example, stoichiometric combustion in a gasoline-fuelled engine typically occurs at an air-to-fuel mass ratio of about 14.7:1.

Storage medium 40 CFR Part 1065 A





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particulate filter, sample bag, or any other storage device used for batch sampling.

System System includes any motor vehicle engine modification which controls or causes the reduction of substances emitted from motor vehicles.

t 0−50 40 CFR Part 1065 The time interval of a measurement system's response after any step increase to the input between the following points: (1) The point at which the step change is initiated at the sample probe. (2) The point at which the response has risen 50% of the total amount it will rise in response to the step change.

t 100−50 40 CFR Part 1065 The time interval of a measurement system's response after any step decrease to the input between the following points: (1) The point at which the step change is initiated at the sample probe. (2) The point at which the response has fallen 50% of the total





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amount it will fall in response to the step change.

Tailpipe emissions 715/2007The emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants;

Tank breathing losses

ECE-R 83Hydrocarbon emissions caused by temperature changes in the fuel tank (assuming a ratio of C1H2.33).

Tank fuel volume The volume of fuel in the fuel tank(s), which is determined by taking the manufacturer's nominal fuel tank(s) capacity and multiplying by 0.40, the result being rounded using ASTM E 29–67 to the nearest tenth of a U.S. gallon. DC: possibly ASTM E29–93a

Target road load Road load to be reproduced on the chassis dynamometer

Test mass For the pure electric vehicles, means the reference mass for the category M1 vehicles and the unladen mass plus half the full load for the category N1





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vehicles;Test mass (pure electric vehicles)

ECE-R 101For pure electric vehicles, means the "reference mass" for the category M1 vehicles and the unladen mass plus half the full load for the category N1 vehicles;

Test weight The weight, within an inertia weight class, which is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle, and which is based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86.

The weight within an inertia weight class which is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle, and which is based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86 of this chapter.

Throttle A device used to control an engine's power output by limiting the amount of air entering the combustion chamber.

Tolerance 40 CFR Part 1065 The interval in which at least 95% of a set of recorded values of a certain quantity must lie. Use the specified recording frequencies and time intervals to determine if a quantity





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is within the applicable tolerance. The concept of tolerance is intended to address random variability. You may not take advantage of the tolerance specification to incorporate a bias into a measurement.

Total hydrocarbon (THC)

GTR #112All compounds measurable by FID

40 CFR Part 1065 The combined mass of organic compounds measured by the specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as a hydrocarbon with a hydrogen-to-carbon mass ratio of 1.85:1.

Total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE)

The sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, methanol, formaldehyde or other organic compounds that are separately measured, expressed as gasoline-fuelled vehicle hydrocarbons. In the case of exhaust emissions, the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1. In the case of diurnal and hot soak emissions, the hydrogen-to-carbon ratios of the equivalent





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hydrocarbons are 2.33:1 and 2.2:1, respectively.

40 CFR Part 1065 The sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes, or other organic compounds that are measured separately as contained in a gas sample, expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum-fuelled engines. The hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.

Total resistance Total force resisting movement of a vehicle, measured either by the coast-down method or by the wind-tunnel/ chassis dynamometer method, including the friction forces in the drive-train

Track width The lateral distance between the centerlines of the base tires at ground, including the camber angle.

Track width has the meaning given in §86.1803–01 of this chapter:

Track width is the





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lateral distance between the centerlines of the base tires at ground, including the camber angle.

Transformation time

Transformation time, t50

GTR4The difference in time between the change of the component to be measured at the reference point and a system response of 50 per cent of the final reading (t50) with the sampling probe being defined as the reference point. The transformation time is used for the signal alignment of different measurement instruments.


GTR #112The difference in time between the change of the component to be measured at the reference point and a system response

40 CFR Part 1065 The overall system response time to any step change in input, generally the average of the time to reach 50% response to a step increase, t 0−50, or to a step decrease, t 100−50.





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of 50 per cent of the final reading (t50) with the sampling probe being defined as the reference point. The transformation time is used for the signal alignment of different measurement instruments.

Transmission class Transmission class has the meaning given in §600.002–08 of this chapter.

§600.002–08 A group of transmissions having the following common features: Basic transmission type (manual, automatic, or semi-automatic); number of forward gears used in fuel economy testing (e.g., manual four-speed, three-speed automatic, two-speed semi-automatic); drive system (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive; four wheel drive), type of overdrive, if applicable (e.g., final gear ratio less than 1.00, separate overdrive unit); torque converter type, if

Transmission class has the meaning given in §600.002-08 of this chapter.

§600.002–08 A group of transmissions having the following common features: Basic transmission type (manual, automatic, or semi-automatic); number of forward gears used in fuel economy testing (e.g., manual four-speed, three-speed automatic, two-speed semi-automatic); drive system (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive; four wheel drive), type





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applicable (e.g., non-lockup, lockup, variable ratio); and other transmission characteristics that may be determined to be significant by the Administrator.

of overdrive, if applicable (e.g., final gear ratio less than 1.00, separate overdrive unit); torque converter type, if applicable (e.g., non-lockup, lockup, variable ratio); and other transmission characteristics that may be determined to be significant by the Administrator.

Transmission configuration

A unique combination, within a transmission class, of the number of the forward gears and, if applicable, overdrive. The Administrator may further subdivide a transmission configuration (based on such criteria as gear ratios, torque convertor multiplication ratio, stall speed and shift calibration, etc.), if he determines that significant fuel economy or exhaust emission differences exist within that transmission configuration.

Transmission Transmission §600.002–08





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configuration (compliance)

configuration has the meaning given in §600.002–08 of this chapter.

The Administrator may further subdivide within a transmission class if the Administrator determines that sufficient fuel economy differences exist. Features such as gear ratios, torque converter multiplication ratio, stall speed, shift calibration, or shift speed may be used to further distinguish characteristics within a transmission class.

Type I test The driving cycle (Parts One and Two) used for emission approvals, as detailed in Annex 4, Appendix 1.

Type of pollution control device

692/2008Catalytic converters and particulate filters which do not differ in any of the following essential aspects:(a) number of substrates, structure and material;(b) type of activity

Catalytic converters which do not differ in such essential aspects as:(i)number of coated substrates, structure and material(ii)type of catalytic activity (oxidising, three-way, ...)(iii)volume, ratio of





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of each substrate;(c) volume, ratio of frontal area and substrate length;(d) catalyst material content;(e) catalyst material ratio;(f) cell density;(g) dimensions and shape;(h) thermal protection;

frontal area and substrate length(iv)catalyst material content (v)catalyst material ratio(vi)cell density(vii)dimensions and shape(viii)thermal protection

Unladen mass ECE-R 83:The mass of the vehicle in running order without driver, passengers or load, but with the fuel tank 90 per cent full and the usual set of tools and spare wheel on board, where applicable;ECE-R 101:the mass of the vehicle in running order without crew, passengers or load, but with the fuel tank full (if any), cooling liquid, service and traction batteries, oils, onboard charger, portable charger, tools and spare wheel, whatever is appropriate for the vehicle considered

GTR1The nominal mass of a complete vehicle as determined by the following criteria: 2.1. Mass of the vehicle with bodywork and all factory fitted equipment, electrical and auxiliary equipment for normal operation of vehicle, including liquids, tools, fire extinguisher, standard spare parts, chocks and spare wheel, if fitted. 2.2. The fuel tank shall be filled to at least 90 per cent of rated capacity and the other liquid containing systems





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and if provided by the manufacturer of the vehicle;

(except those for used water) to 100 per cent of the capacity specified by the manufacturer.

Unproven emission control systems

Emission control components or systems (and fuel metering systems) that do not qualify as proven emission control systems.

Unrestricted access

Access not dependent on an access code obtainable only from the manufacturer, or a similar device, or access allowing evaluation of the data produced without the need for any unique decoding information, unless that information itself is standardised.

Unscheduled maintenance

Any adjustment, repair, removal disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of vehicle components or systems which is performed to correct a part failure or vehicle (if the engine were installed in a vehicle) malfunction which was





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not anticipated.Useful life GTR4

The relevant period of distance and/or time over which compliance with the relevant gaseous and particulate emission limits has to be assured.

NOTE: GTR4 includes a diagram to explain this.


GTR #112The relevant period of distance and/or time over which compliance with the relevant gaseous and particulate emission limits has to be assured.

The period of use or time during which an emission standard applies to light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, as described in §86.1805–01.

§86.1805-01 (a) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks, intermediate useful life is a period of use of 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurs first. (b) Full useful life is as follows: (1) For light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks full useful life is a period of use of 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever occurs first. (2) For heavy light-duty trucks full useful life is a period of use of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first. (3) For complete heavy-duty vehicles, the full useful life is a period of use of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first. (c) Manufacturers may petition the Administrator to provide alternative useful life periods for





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light-duty trucks or complete heavy-duty vehicles when they believe that the useful life periods are significantly unrepresentative for one or more test groups (either too long or too short). This petition must include the full rationale behind the request together with any supporting data and other evidence. Based on this or other information the Administrator may assign an alternative useful-life period. Any petition should be submitted in a timely manner, to allow adequate time for a thorough evaluation. For light-duty trucks, alternative useful life periods will be granted only for THC, THCE, and idle CO requirements.

Utility factor DTP-E-LabProc-revised 015 27/05/2011The weighting of the emissions and the fuel consumption between the





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charge depleting condition (CD) and the charge sustaining condition (CS) 1

The utility Factor (UF) is based on the charge depleting actual range Rcda and Rcda shall be determined according to appendix [ZZZ].

Variable displacement compressor

A compressor in which the mass flow rate of refrigerant can be adjusted independently of compressor speed by the control system in response to cooling load demand.

Variable speed compressor

A compressor in which the mass flow rate of refrigerant can be adjusted by control of the compressor input shaft speed, independent of vehicle engine speed. For

1 Comment from E-Lab Sub-group: We will have to complete the definition at a later stage after discussing the possible statistical data collection in the different regions.





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example, a variable speed compressor can have electric drive, hydraulic drive, or mechanical drive through a variable speed transmission.

Vehicle GTR1Any power driven vehicle or trailer

Section 670 of the Vehicle Code.A device by which any person or property may be propelled, moved, or drawn upon a highway, excepting a device moved exclusively by human power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks.

Vehicle curb weight

The actual or the manufacturer's estimated weight of the vehicle in operational status with all standard equipment, and weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity, and the weight of optional equipment computed in accordance with §86.082–24; incomplete light-duty trucks shall have the curb weight specified by the manufacturer.

Vehicle family ECE-R 83:A group of vehicle





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types identified by a parent vehicle for the purpose of Annex 12;

ECE-R R83 Annex XI:A manufacturer's grouping of vehicles which, through their design, are expected to have similar exhaust emission and OBD system characteristics. Each vehicle of this family shall have complied with the requirements of this Regulation as defined in Appendix 2 to this annex.

Vehicle OBD information

692/2008Information relating to an on-board diagnostic system for any electronic system on the vehicle.

Vehicles designed to fulfil specific social needs

715/2007Diesel vehicles of category M1 which are either:(a) special purpose vehicles as defined in Directive70/156/EEC with a reference mass

ECE-R 83diesel vehicles of category M1 which are either:(a) special purpose vehicles with reference mass exceeding 2,000 kg;





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exceeding 2 000 kg;(b) vehicles with a reference mass exceeding 2 000 kg and designed to carry seven or more occupants including the driver with the exclusion, as from 1 September 2012, of vehicles of category M1G as defined in Directive 70/156/EEC;or(c) vehicles with a reference mass exceeding 1 760 kg which are built specifically for commercial purposes to accommodate wheelchair use inside the vehicle;

(b) vehicles with a reference mass exceeding 2,000 kg and designed to carry seven or more occupants including the driver with the exclusion, as from 1 September 2012, of vehicles of category M1G;(c) vehicles with a reference mass exceeding 1,760 kg which are built specifically for commercial purposes to accommodate wheelchair use inside the vehicle.

Vehicle type R83a group of vehicles that do not differ in the following respects:2.1.1. The equivalent inertia determined in relation to the reference mass as prescribed in Annex 4a, Table 3; and2.1.2. The engine





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and vehicle characteristics as defined in Annex 1;

Vehicle type with regard to emissions and vehicle repair and maintenance information

692/2008A group of vehicles which do not differ in the following respects:(a) the equivalent inertia determined in relation to the reference mass as prescribed in paragraph 5.1. of Annex 4 of UN/ECE Regulation 83;(b) the engine and vehicle characteristics as defined in Appendix 3 of Annex 1;

R83:A category of power-driven vehicles that do not differ in such essential respects as: the equivalent inertia determined in relation to the reference mass as prescribed in Annex 4, paragraph 5.1. and the engine and vehicle characteristics as defined in Annex 1;

R83 Annex XI:A category of power-driven vehicles which do not differ in such essential engine and OBD system characteristics.

R101:A category of power driven vehicles which do not differ in such essential respects as body, power train, transmission, traction battery (if applicable), tyres and unladen mass;





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Vehicular sources Those sources of air contaminants emitted from motor vehicles

Verification GTR #112Zero, span check with calibration gases or calibration materials, no adjustment

40 CFR Part 1065 To evaluate whether or not a measurement system's outputs agree with a range of applied reference signals to within one or more predetermined thresholds for acceptance. Contrast with “calibration”.

Warm high-idle speed

40 CFR Part 1065 The high-idle speed of a warmed-up engine.

Warm-up cycle Sufficient vehicle operation such that the coolant temperature has risen by a least 22 K from engine starting and reaches a minimum temperature of 343 K (70 °C).

Sufficient vehicle operation such that the coolant temperature has risen by at least 40 degrees Fahrenheit from engine starting and reaches a minimum temperature of at least 160 degrees Fahrenheit (140 degrees Fahrenheit for applications with diesel engines).

Wheelbase The longitudinal distance between front and rear wheel centerlines.

Wheelbase has the meaning given in §86.1803–01 of this chapter:

Wheelbase is the longitudinal





CARB incl. OBD

distance between front and rear wheel centerlines.

Wind correction Correction of the effect of wind on road load, which is achieved either by stationary or by onboard anemometry

Zero 40 CFR Part 1065 To adjust an instrument so it gives a zero response to a zero calibration standard, such as purified nitrogen or purified air for measuring concentrations of emission constituents.

Zero gas 40 CFR Part 1065 A gas that yields a zero response in an analyser. This may either be purified nitrogen, purified air, a combination of purified air and purified nitrogen. For field testing, zero gas may include ambient air.

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