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CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

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Page 1: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products

Dr. Bernie Connell

CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT

March 2005

Page 2: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Outline

GOES vs. POESGOES Satellite and Sensors

OrbitImage SchedulingChannels and Products (Imager and Sounder)

POES OrbitImage AvailabilityChannels and Products

Page 3: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Why do you need to know this?

• Let you know what resources are available currently or what resources will be available in the future

• Help you understand key features of the various satellites.

• Define periods when you expect to view images.

• Define what is happening when you do not see images.

Page 4: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

GOES vs. POES

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite geo-synchronous orbit 35,800 km above the earth

Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite sun-synchronous orbit 850 km above the earth

850 km

35,800 km

Page 5: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

The GOES and POES Systems• Environmental Sensing:

– Acquisition, Processing, and Dissemination of imaging and sounding data.

– Space environment monitor

• Data Collection:– Interrogate and receive data from earth surface-

based Data Collection Platforms

• Data Broadcast:– Continuous relay of weather facsimile and other

meteorological data to small users

– Relay of distress signals from aircraft or marine vessels to the search and rescue ground station

GOES I-M DataBook, NOAA KLM User’s Guide

Page 6: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Characteristics of GOES• Observes events and their evolution• Repeat coverage in minutes (t = 15 or 30 minutes (or less))• Full earth disk• Restricted viewing of high-latitudes due to large viewing

angles; excellent viewing of the tropics• Same viewing angle for fixed point• Differing solar illumination for fixed point throughout the

day• Resolution: visible – 1 km , infrared 4 km

sounder – 10 km• Constant hourly viewing helps get clear field of view for

sounding• Passive sensors

Satellite Meteorology: Remote Sensing Using the New GOES Imager

Page 7: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Characteristics of POES• Observes events at fixed and infrequent times• Repeat coverage twice daily (t =12 hours)• Global coverage• Excellent viewing of all latitudes• Varying viewing angle• Same solar illumination• Resolution: visible – 1 km, infrared – 1 km

sounders: microwave – 10-50 km, infrared - 20 km• Microwave helps with atmospheric and surface detection

in the presence of clouds• Passive and Active sensors

Satellite Meteorology: Remote Sensing Using the New GOES Imager

Page 8: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Image Resolution

The design of the sensor and resulting image resolution is determined by many factors:

• Detail in the horizontal (imagers)• Detail in the vertical (sounders)• Satellite distance from earth (36,000 km vs. 850 km)• Resolving power of the lens and the wavelength of

radiation.• Size of sensor (cost)

Page 9: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Active vs. Passive Sensors

• A passive sensor measures energy emitted by another source.

• An active sensor, such as a weather radar, measures the return signal from a pulse of energy emitted by the sensor itself.

Page 10: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Multispectral vs. Hyperspectral

• Multispectral sensors – sensors that collect imagery for a small number of broad wavelength bands

• Hyperspectral sensors – sensors that collect imagery for a large number (hundreds) of narrow contiguous wavelength bands.

Page 11: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

The GOES Spacecraft

GOES-8 Spacecraft

GOES I-M DataBook

Page 12: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

Area Scan

(For GOES 8 – 11)

GOES-12 has a wider spectral band for the water vapor channel and the 12.0 um channel has been replaced witha 13.3 um channel.

GOES I-M DataBook

Imager

Page 13: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

GOES Imager ChannelsGOES Wavelength Central Number of DetectorChannel (µm) Wavelength Detectors Resolution

(µm) (per scan) (km)

_________________________________________________________

1 0.52-0.72 0.7 8 1 Visible

2 3.78-4.03 3.9 2 4 Shortwave IR

3 6.47-7.02 6.7 1 8 3 G12 5.77-7.33 6.5 2 4

4 10.2-11.2 10.7 2 45 11.5-12.5 12.0 2 4

6 G12 12.9-13.7 13.3 1 8 Lon

gwav

e IR

Page 14: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

GOES Sounder Channels

ChannelCenter Wavelength

(um)

Comment (spectral region, application)

ChannelCenter Wavelength

(um)

Comment (spectral region, application)

1 14.71CO2, Stratosphereic temperature 10 7.43 Water vapor, Lower to mid-

level tropospheric moisture

2 14.37CO2, Stratosphereic temperature 11 7.02 Water vapor, mid-level

tropospheric moisture

3 14.06CO2, Upper-tropospheric temperature 12 6.51 Water vapor, upper-level

tropospheric moisture

4 13.96CO2, Mid-tropospheric temperature 13 4.57 CO2, Lower-level

tropospheric temperature

5 13.37CO2, Lower-tropospheric temperature 14 4.52 CO2, Mid-level

tropospheric temperature

6 12.66 Water vapor, lower-tropospheric moisture 15 4.45 CO2, Upper-level

tropospheric temperature

7 12.02Water vapor, “dirty” (moisture contaminated) window

16 4.13 CO2, Boundary-layer temperature

8 11.03 Window, cloud-top and surface temperature 17 3.98 Window, cloud top and

surface temperature

9 9.71 Ozone, stratospheric ozone 18 3.74 Window, cloud top and surface temperature

Visible 0.94 Visible window, cloud top and surface features

Resolution = 10 km

Lon

gwav

eM

idw

ave

Midw

ave

Shortw

ave

Satellite Meteorology: Using the GOES Sounder

Page 15: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

GOES I-M DataBook

GOES

Page 16: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

SECTOR DURATION MINS:SECS CONUS 4:48 N. HEMIS. EXT 14:13 S. HEMIS. 4:48 FULL DISK 26:05

GOES-EAST ROUTINEIMAGER SCHEDULE SECTORS

Page 17: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

SECTOR DURATION MINS:SECS CONUS 4:43 N. HEMISPHERE 9:44

S. HEMIS. S. S. 1:45

FULL DISK 26:05

GOES-EAST RAPID SCAN IMAGERSCHEDULE SECTORS

Page 18: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

SECTOR DURATION MINS:SECS CONUS 4:43 N. HEMISPHERE 9:44 SRSO (Maryland) 1:02 FULL DISK 26:05

GOES-EAST SUPER RAPID SCAN IMAGER SCHEDULE SECTORS

Page 19: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

GOES-EAST SOUNDER SCAN

SCHEDULES

SECTOR DURATION MINS:SECS CONUS 30:00 E. CARIBBEAN 22:00 GULF OF MEXICO 22:00 N. ATLANTIC 22:00

Page 20: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

GOES Imager Products

Heavy Rainfall High density winds

Fog/low cloud

Inflight Icing

Volcanic ash detection

Fire detection

Page 21: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

GOES Sounder Products

Lifted IndexCAPE

Convective Inhibition

Total Precipitable Water

Surface Skin Temperature

Water vapor winds

Page 22: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

POES

• Main Operational POES:

NOAA

DMSP• Semi-operational POES:

QuikSCAT

Terra and Aqua (contain MODIS imager)

Page 23: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

NOAA KLM System

Sensors of interest• Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer/3

(AVHRR/3)

• Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit – A (AMSU – A)

• Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit – B (AMSU – B)

• High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS/3)

Page 24: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)

Sensors of interest• Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (SSM/I) • Special Sensor Microwave / Temperature

(SSM/T) – Atmospheric Temperature Profiler• SSM/T2 – Atmospheric Water Vapor Profiler

http://dmsp.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp.html

Page 25: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Cross-track Scanning (AVHRR, AMSU, MODIS)

Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster – COMET CD Module

Page 26: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Conical Scanning –SSM/I

Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster – COMET CD

Page 27: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Orbital Coverage

Introduction to POES data and products – COMET/VISIT teletraining

•Satellite makes one orbit (360°) in about 100 min; i.e., it goes about 3.6°/min, or about 10° in 3 minutes.•With a knowledge of which way the satellite is moving and how fast it is moving, one can estimate viewing time at a particular point.

Page 29: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

SSMI coverage (1400 km swath)

Example from NOAA’s Marine Observing Systems Team Web Pagehttp://manati.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/doc/ssmiwinds.html

swath

Page 30: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

AVHRR/3 (3000 km swath)

ChannelSpectral Range

(um)

Ground Resolution (at

nadir) (km)Application

1 0.58-0.68 1.09Clouds, land-water boundaries, snow, ice, vegetation monitoring

2 0.725-1.0 1.09Clouds, land-water boundaries, snow, ice, vegetation monitoring

3A 1.58-1.64 1.09 Clouds, sea surface temperature

3B 3.55-3.93 1.09 Clouds, sea surface temperature

4 10.3-11.3 1.09 Clouds, sea surface temperature

5 11.5-12.5 1.09 Clouds, sea surface temperature

http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/globsys/avhrr4.shtml

Page 31: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

AVHRR Products

• Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

• Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

• Atmospheric aerosols

• Volcanic Ash detection

• Fire detection

SST

NDVIAerosols

Fires

Volcanic Ash

Page 32: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

AMSU-A AMSU-BChannel

Frequencies (GHz)

and Polarizations

Frequencies (GHz)

and Polarizations

1 23.8 R 89.0R

2 31.4R 157.0R

3 50.3R 183.3 +/- 1R

4 52.8R 183.3 +/- 3R

5 53.6R 183.3 +/- 7R

6 54.4R

7 54.9R

8 55.5R

9 57.2R

10 57.29 +/- .217R

11 57.29 +/- .322 +/- .048R

12 57.29 +/- .322 +/- .022R

13 57.29 +/- .322 +/- .010R

14 57.29 +/- .322 +/- .0045R

15 89.0R

Notation: x±y±z; x is the center frequency. If y appears, the center frequency is not sensed, but two bands, one on either side of the center frequency, are sensed; y is the distance from the center frequency to the center of the two pass bands. If z appears, it is the width of the two pass bands. Polarization: R = rotates with scan angle.

Source: Kidder and Vonder Haar (1995)

Page 33: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

SSM/I – Microwave Imager

Polarization: V = vertical, H = horizontal

Source: Kidder and Vonder Haar (1995); POES Microwave Applications CD - COMET

Frequency (GHz) Polarization Spatial Resolution

19.35 V, H 43 x 69 km

22.35 V 40 x 60 km

37.0 V, H 29 x 37 km

85.5 V, H 13 x 15 km

Page 34: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Meteorological Parameters

Summary of Key Interactions and Potential UsesFrequencies

AMSU SSMI

Microwave Processes Potential Uses

23 GHz 22GHz Absorption and emission by water vapor

Oceanic precipitable water

31, 50,

89 GHz

19, 37,

85 GHz

Absorption and emission by cloud water

Oceanic cloud water and rainfall

89 GHz 85 GHz Scattering by cloud ice Land and ocean rainfall

31, 50,

89 GHz

19, 37,

85 GHz

Variations in surface emissivity:–Land vs. water

–Different land types

–Differenc ocean surfaces

Scattering by snow and ice

Land/water boundaries

Soil moisture/wetness

Surface vegetation

Ocean surface wind speed

Snow and ice coverPolar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster – COMET CD

Page 35: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

AMSU/SSMI Products

• Total Precipitable Water (TPW)• Cloud Liquid Water (CLW)• Rain rate• Snow and Ice cover

TPW

CLW

Rain rate

Snow cover

Ice cover

http://amsu.cira.colostate.edu/

Page 36: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

QuikSCAT

Orbit: Sun-synchronous, 803 km, 98.6° inclination orbit

Seawinds Instrument: Microwave Radar (active sensor)

• 13.4 GHz

• Retrieval of near surface wind speed and direction

• Resolution on ground: 25 km

1800 km wide swath

NASA/JPL web pages: http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/aboutScat/index.cfm

Page 37: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Example from NOAA’s Marine Observing Systems Team Web Pagehttp://manati.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/quikscat/

Page 38: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Example from NOAA’s Marine Observing Systems Team Web Pagehttp://manati.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/quikscat/

Page 39: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

MODISModerate Resolution Imaging

Spectroradiometer 36 spectral bands

2330 km swath width

55° view angle

Resolution on ground at nadir:– 1 km for all channels

– 250 m for bands 1 and 2 (0.645 and 0.865 um)

– 500 m for bands 3 – 7 (0.470, 0.555, 1.240, 1.640, 2.130 um)

Page 40: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

MODISReflective Bands

Band Central wavelength (um) Primary Use

1, 2 0.645, 0.865 Land/Cloud/Aerosols Boundaries

3, 4 0.470, 0.555 Land/Cloud/Aerosols Properties

5 – 7 1.240, 1.640, 2.130

8 – 10 0.415, 0.443, 0.490 Ocean Color/

Phytoplankton/

Biogeochemistry11 – 13 0.531, 0.565, 0.653

14 – 16 0.681, 0.750, 0.865

17 – 19 0.905, 0.936, 0.940 Atmospheric Water Vapor

26 1.375 Cirrus Clouds

Emissive Bands

20 – 23 3.750(2), 3.959, 4.050 Surface/Cloud Temperature

24, 25 4.465, 4.515 Atmospheric Temperature

27, 28 6.715, 7.325 Cirrus Clouds, Water Vapor

29 8.550 Cloud Properties

30 9.730 Ozone

31, 32 11.03, 12.02 Surface/Cloud Temperature

33 – 36 13.335, 13.635, 13.935, 14.235 Cloud Top Altitude

Page 41: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

MODIS Aqua coverage (2330 km swath)

Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC)http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/datacenter/aqua/

Page 42: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

MODIS Products

Clear sky precipitable water (IR)

Cloud fraction (daytime)

Aerosol optical depth

Cloud optical thickness (water)

Surface albedo

Normalized difference vegetation index

Ecosystem classification

AND MANY MORE http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html

Page 43: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

Summary of swath widths for select POES

AVHRR 3000 km

AMSU 2200 km

SSMI 1400 km

QuikSCAT 1800 km

MODIS 2330 km

Page 44: CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM GOES/POES Status, Orbits, and Products Dr. Bernie Connell CIRA/NOAA-RAMMT March 2005

CIRA & NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM

ReferencesCDs produced by the COMET program (see meted.ucar.edu)

Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster POES Introduction and BackgroundPOES Microwave ApplicationsAn Introduction to POES Data and Products

Satellite Meteorology: Remote Sensing Using the New GOES ImagerSatellite Meteorology: Using the GOES Sounder

Space Systems Loral, 1996 : GOES I-M DataBookCan be found online at: http://rsd.gsfc.nasa.gov/goes/text/goes.databook.html

NOAA KLM User’s Guide http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/index.htm

NOAA/NESDIS Office of Satellite Operations: http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goes/index.htm

NOAA/NESDIS Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/

Hastings, D. and W. Emery. 1992. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR): a brief reference guide. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 58(8):1183-1188.

Kidder, S.Q., and T.H. Vonder Haar, 1995: Satellite Meteorology. Academic Press, 466 pp.Stan Kidder’s AMSU webpage at CIRA: http://amsu.cira.colostate.edu/

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) http://dmsp.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp.html

NASA/JPL web pages: http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/aboutScat/index.cfm

NOAA’s Marine Observing Systems Team Web Page http://manati.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/doc/oceanwinds1.html

MODIS Rapid Response System http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/

NASA MODIS Home page http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/