1. Nominal Scaling of Print Substrates Nathan Moroney & Giordano Beretta Hewlett-Packard Laboratories 17th IS&T/SID Color Imaging Conference

2. Pagination Humor? 3. Substrates Specialty Media Swatchbook 72 alphabetical samples 4. MetrologySpectrophotometer Glossmeter ProfilometerMulti-Angle Imaging 0.45 1.5 0.4Red Apple 0.35IlluminationDetection1 Percent Reflectance0.30.5 0.25 200.2 um0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 0.15-0.50.10.0560 -1 0380 430 480 530 580630 680 73085 -1.5Wavelength (nm ) Length Thickness FluoresenceOpacity 5. Roughness vs. Gloss 6. Thickness, Fluoresence, Lightness & Opacity 7. Are Ratio Scales Longer? C.J. Bartleson and F. Grum eds., Optical Radiation Measurements, Volume 5 Visual Measurements, Academic Press, p. 341 (1984). 8. Nominal Scaling Undignified? until the phenomena of any branch of knowledge have been subjected to measurement and numbers, it cannot assume the status of dignity of a science" Sir Francis Galton,Father of and psychometric experimentsPsychometricExperiments, (1875) 9. Media Corpus ExperimentVisual Tactilechoose best words or phrases to describe the visual and tactile properties of the sample 10. Media Corpus Experiment Corpus Cleaning Stemmer Word FrequenciesLaboratory Stop Words ViewingProportions Elicited, Contextual And Distributed Visual &TactileSubstrates-Words Matrix Anchors Cluster Analysis By Keywords By Samples 11. 21 Participants +450 tokens, +150 hapaxes, 20 keywords > 1% relative frequency 12. Substrates-Words Matrix Substrates S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7S8 S9 S10 S11 S12smooth 17 168 11 134 47713 115white11 135 11 129 7 100 312 2matte 124210 060 6 4 4981872 235 5 0 1 Words gloss offwhite534552 240 1 4 1texture 012006 610 1 8 0yellow009000 230 0 015semi434333 121 4 0 1 13. Dendrograms Recursive pair-wise visualization of a distance matrix. 40 U.S. cities. Neighboring branches are closer. 14. Clustering by Word Top 64 words agglomeratively clustered using Kendalls tau for the correlation matrix. 15. Unrooted Phylogentic Tree Minimize the length of the branches. Top 32 Keywords, 25% also in online color naming experiment. 16. Clustering by Substrate 17. Thinner, Plain Papers 18. Dull, Semi-Gloss, Papers 19. Thicker, Glossy Papers 20. TexturedPapers 21. Transparent and MetallicMedia 22. Words vs. Measurements 23. Summary Anchored elicitation of unconstrained natural language descriptions of the visual and tactile perceptual properties of print substrates can be used to create a clustering of samples by word and vice versa. Consider the rehabilitation of nominal scales? Slides posted to http://mostlycolor.ch