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Ciba® ORASOL® Special dyes

Ciba Specialty Chemicals

Dyes for printing inks

Imaging & inks Value beyond chemistry

Head office

Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.PostfachCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland

www.cibasc.com

Ciba Specialty Chemicals is a member of:(Ecological and Toxicological Association of Dyes and Organic Pigments Manufacturers)

Value beyond chemistry

Edition 2001

Copyright © 2001 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc. All rights reser ved.

All product names in capital letters are either registered or pending trademarks and property of Ciba Specialty Chemicals.

IMPORTANT: The following supersedes Buyer’s documents. SELLER MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESSOR IMPLIED, INCLUDING OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. No statements herein are to beconstrued as inducements to infringe any relevant patent. Under no circumstances shall Seller be liable for incidental,consequential or indirect damages for alleged negligence, breach of warranty, strict liability, tort or contract arising inconnection with the product(s). Buyer’s sole remedy and Seller’s sole liability for any claims shall be Buyer’s purchase price.Data and results are based on controlled or lab work and must be confirmed by Buyer by testing for the intended conditionsof use. The product(s) has (have) not been tested for, and is (are) therefore not recommended for, uses for which prolongedcontact with mucous membranes, abraded skin, or blood is intended; or for uses for which implantation within the humanbody is intended.

Please note that products may differ from country to country. If you have any queries, kindly contact your local Ciba SpecialtyChemicals representative. Further information at website: http://www.cibasc.com

i-3b/2001-Oct-01, Printed in Switzerland

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Ciba® ORASOL® dyes for printing inks

i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 1

Contents

Page

General information 2

Ciba® ORASOL® product range 3

Gravure prints on vinyl-lacquered aluminium 4-5

Incorporation of Ciba® ORASOL® dyes 6

Solubility of Ciba® ORASOL® dyes 6-7

Solubility table 8

Solvent list, solvents used for solubility tests 9

Criteria affecting dye selection 10-11

Light fastness and resistance properties

nitrocellulose/alcohol prints 12

vinyl/ketone prints 13

Substances used for resistance tests 14

Resistance tests for prints 15-17

Assessment scales of resistance properties 17

Determination of physical properties of the dyes 18-19

Ciba® ORASOL® ink formulations 20

Formulations used for fastness tests 20


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 2

General information

Ciba Specialty Chemicals offers a wide range of high grade dyes which are readily soluble ina large number of organic solvents. They include metal complex and other classes of dyes.Printing inks based on Ciba® ORASOL® dyes can be used on most substrates. When applied tometal foil and transparent films, Ciba® ORASOL® dyes give outstanding brightness of hue,transparency and color depth.

Fields of application:

z rotogravure printing

z aluminium lacquering

z flexographic printing

z ink jet inks

z wood stains


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 3

Ciba® ORASOL® product range

C.I. GenericProduct name Product characteristics Chemical class name,

Solvent

ORASOL Yellow 4GN Very greenish yellow, excellent alcohol solubility metal-free monoazo Yellow 146

ORASOL Yellow 2GLN Mid shade yellow, broad solubility spectra 1:2 chrome complex Yellow 88

ORASOL Yellow 3R Strong reddish yellow, economic golden shades 1:2 cobalt complex Yellow 25

ORASOL Yellow 2RLN Reddish yellow, broad solubility spectra 1:2 cobalt complex Yellow 89

ORASOL Orange G Mid shade orange, economic redgold shades 1:2 cobalt complex Orange 11

ORASOL Orange RG Reddish orange with highest color strength 1:2 chrome complex Orange 99

ORASOL Brown 2GL Clear yellowish brown 1:2 chrome complex Brown 42

ORASOL Brown 2RL Mid shade brown, good light fastness 1:2 chrome complex Brown 43

ORASOL Brown 6RL Reddish dark brown 1:2 chrome complex Brown 44

ORASOL Red 3GL Yellowish red, broad solubility spectra 1:2 chrome complex Red 130

ORASOL Red 2B Mid shade red, broad solubility spectra 1:2 chrome complex Red 233

ORASOL Red G Clear, strong mid shade red 1:2 cobalt complex Red 125

ORASOL Red BL Bordeaux shade with good bleeding resistance 1:2 chrome complex Red 122

ORASOL Pink 5BLG Clear magenta shade, excellent alcohol solubility 1:1 chrome complex Red 127

ORASOL Blue BL Reddish blue, broad solubility spectra anthraquinone Blue 136

ORASOL Blue GN Greenish blue with best bleeding resistance Cu-phthalocyanine Blue 67

ORASOL Blue GL Economic greenish blue Cu-phthalocyanine Blue 70

ORASOL Black CN Greenish black, good ketone solubility 1:2 chrome complex Black 28

ORASOL Black RLI Deep black, specified for industrial ink jet 1:2 chrome complex Black 29


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 4

Gravure prints on vinyl-lacquered aluminium

Ciba® ORASOL® Yellow 4GN

Ciba® ORASOL® Yellow 2GLN

Ciba® ORASOL® Yellow 3R

Ciba® ORASOL® Yellow 2RLN

Ciba® ORASOL® Orange G

Ciba® ORASOL® Orange RG

Ciba® ORASOL® Brown 2GL

Ciba® ORASOL® Brown 2RL


Ciba® ORASOL® Red 3GL

100% 75% 50%

Printed at a concentration of 8% dye on vinyl-lacquered aluminium, 40m/min printing speed. Electro-mechanical engraving, 70 lines/cm, step wedge, diagonal width 160/20 µm, 140/20µm, 103/20µm.Ink formulations see page 20


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 5

Printed at a concentration of 8% (*5%) dye on vinyl-lacquered aluminium, 40m/min printing speed.Electromechanical engraving, 70 lines/cm, step wedge, diagonal width 160/20 µm, 140/20µm, 103/20µm. Ink formulations see page 20

Gravure prints on vinyl-lacquered aluminium

Ciba® ORASOL® Red 2B

Ciba® ORASOL® Red G

Ciba® ORASOL® Red BL

Ciba® ORASOL® Pink 5BLG *

Ciba® ORASOL® Blue BL

Ciba® ORASOL® Blue GN

Ciba® ORASOL® Blue GL

Ciba® ORASOL® Black CN

Ciba® ORASOL® Black RLI

Ciba® ORASOL® Yellow 4GN andCiba® ORASOL® Blue GN 1:1

100% 75% 50%


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 6

Incorporation of Ciba® ORASOL® dyes

Many printing ink manufacturers process solvent-soluble dyes by methods to suit their ownparticular working conditions. We shall therefore give only general recommendations.

Method of dissolving

ORASOL dyes can be dissolved in solvents and clear lacquers at room temperature by simplestirring. The dye should be added slowly to avoid formation of agglomerates.

Methods of incorporation:

! stir the dye straight into the vehicle solution! predissolve the dye in a suitable solvent mixture and stir into the vehicle solution! prepare stock dye solutions (concentrates) which can be stored and mixed into

the vehicle as required.

Solubility

The solubility of solvent-soluble dyes is an important factor in their ease of incorporation andin the storage properties of dye solutions and printing inks.

High molecular weight dyes such as the ORASOL dyes tend to give colloidal “solutions”depending on dye concentration and solvent used.

Determination method

Varying concentrations of dye are incorporated into fixed volumes of solvent. The dye isadded by stirring in at 25°C, and then stirred for a further hour. After 20 hours storage at25°C, the dye solution is centrifuged; 2-3 g of the clear solution are evaporated and dried toconstant weight in a drying oven at 120°C. Gravimetric determination of the residue, whencompared with the original weight of dye taken, gives the amount of dye dissolved in grams/liter solvent.

The limit of solubility is reached when the undissolved portion of dye increases sharply inproportion to the initial weight of dye taken, or the viscosity prevents processing in thenormal way. The often colloidal nature of the dye solutions means that it is not always possi-ble to carry out absolute determinations of the limits of solubility.The figures given in the table are only guidelines; even slight changes in processing condi-tions may affect dye solubility.

Generally speaking, ORASOL dyes show good solubility in lower alcohols, glycol ethers, ketonesand esters, but they are virtually insoluble in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 7

Factors affecting solubility

Dye solubility is influenced by certain factors including:

! temperature! solvent purity! moisture content of the solution and printing ink! type and concentration of binder

Solvent mixtures normally have a very favourable effect on the solubility of dyes and stabilityof dye solutions. Solubility is often better in a mixture than in either of its components.Vehicles can also affect the solubility. Nitrocellulose, for example, often has a favourableinfluence. Moisture, i.e. water can have either a beneficial or an adverse effect.

Insoluble components

As technical products, ORASOL dyes contain traces of insoluble components. However, thesenormally settle out quickly after the dye has been dissolved, and — if necessary — can beseparated simply by decanting the dye solution.

Ciba

® ORA

SOL

® dyes for printing inks

i-3/2001-Oct-01

Page 8

Solubility of Ciba® ORASOL® dyes

Product Solvents (see solvent list)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91

LOSARO HOeM HOtE API HOzB EMGP EEGP cAeM cAtE cAPI cAuB AMP KEM KBIM KPMHOtE.ulot

KEM.ulot

HOtEcAtE

HOtEEMGP

cAtEEMGP

NG4wolleY 0001 008 003 0001 005 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 009 0 007 009 052

NLG2wolleY 009 003 05 009 006 004 001 001 05 001 05 0001 001 052 0001 008 007 005 007

R3wolleY 52 051 0 05 007 007 0 0 0 0 05 004 05 052 052 052 052 002 005

NLR2wolleY 053 007 007 0001 007 0001 006 051 05 05 007 009 052 05 0001 005 0001 0001 0001

GegnarO 05 05 52 051 007 005 002 003 001 0 006 052 004 053 051 05 051 051 005

GRegnarO 52 05 051 056 057 055 001 52 0 0 05 007 052 051 052 004 052 051 057

LG2nworB 05 05 52 054 0001 056 052 05 0 0 056 008 003 002 05 004 002 051 0001

LR2nworB 003 05 05 056 007 007 05 52 0 0 052 006 052 051 051 004 052 051 0001

LR6nworB 52 0 52 05 054 056 051 52 52 52 053 004 003 053 52 051 051 05 053

LG3deR 001 053 52 0001 008 009 009 009 007 056 007 009 009 009 009 009 056 054 0001

B2deR 0001 053 05 007 009 009 052 008 004 051 007 0001 009 004 009 009 009 009 0001

GdeR 52 056 0 0001 009 007 0 52 0 0 054 009 056 053 0001 009 0001 006 0001

LBdeR 051 051 52 053 051 055 051 002 002 002 0001 005 057 005 002 003 004 052 004

GLB5kniP 0001 0001 0 0001 0001 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 009 0 009 009 0

LBeulB 009 007 002 005 006 052 52 52 52 05 52 003 051 051 007 054 005 006 053

NGeulB 051 052 0 054 051 05 05 52 0 0 52 004 051 0 004 053 054 054 005

LGeulB 52 52 001 05 054 052 0 001 0 001 52 001 052 004 056 053 006 52 054

NCkcalB 52 05 0 0 056 0001 0 0 0 0 056 0001 054 0001 0001 0001 0001 0001 0001

ILRkcalB 009 007 52 004 008 005 0 05 52 52 09 008 002 003 007 004 008 008 008


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 9

Solvent list

1 Methanol (MeOH) 2 Ethanol (EtOH) 3 Isopropanol (IPA) 4 Benzyl alcohol (BzOH) 5 Propyleneglycol monomethylether (PGME) (Methoxypropanol) 6 Propyleneglycol monoethylether (PGEE) (Ethoxypropanol)

Solvents used for solubility tests

8 Ethyl acetate (EtAc) 9 Isopropyl acetate (IPAc)10 Butyl acetate 85% (BuAc)11 Propyleneglycol monomethylether acetate (PMA)12 Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)13 Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)14 Methyl pentyl ketone (MPK)15 Ethanol 95% / toluene 70:3016 Methyl ethyl ketone / toluene 60:4017 Ethanol 95% / ethyl acetate 50:5018 Ethanol 95% / propyleneglycol monomethylether 85:1519 Ethyl acetate / propyleneglycol monomethylether 50:50

The solubility tests and the assessments were determined in accordance with DIN 55976/ISO 7579.


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 10

Criteria affecting dye selection

Light fastness is an important factor in dye selection. Although the method of determinationis specified in various standards, the figures given by different dye manufacturers are notdirectly comparable with each other. The reason for this is that the method of preparing thetest sample (vehicle, coating thickness, dye concentration, substrate) is left to the individualtester, and that certain criteria relating to assessment are subjective. When interpreting fast-ness ratings, it should be noted that light fastness generally deteriorates as the dye concen-tration decreases. The vehicle may also have a considerable effect: nitrocellulose systems, forexample, can be expected to give poorer light fastness than most other binders.

Light fastness

Bleed resistance properties

In processing

In view of subsequent processing it is important for printed packaging materials to havegood bleed resistance to wax melts (as used in paper coating) as well as to impregnatingsolutions.

Resistance to overlacquering indicates the extent to which a white pigmented vehicle systembecomes colored when painted or printed onto a colored coating.

Migration into packaging materials

The following distinctions should be made as regards migration into packaging materials(plastics films, cellulose film and coatings):

! migration into the substrate (into plastics, for example)! migration into the coating or lacquer on the substrate! migration into the reverse side of the substrate when the printed material is stored

in layers

Because migration is also influenced by the nature and composition of the contact material,the resistance properties given in the pattern section cannot be directly related to othermaterials.

Bleeding into packed goods

The bleeding of soluble dyes into packed goods or other contact materials is affected by thespecific properties of the dye as well as the processing and testing conditions (the propertiesof the binder used, the dye/binder ratio, the extraction characteristics of the contact mate-rial, also temperature and time factors).

If necessary, preliminary trials should be carried out by the processor.


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 11

Rheological properties

Used at normal concentrations, ORASOL dyesgive printing inks very good rheological prop-erties. ORASOL dyes are rarely affected byproblems, such as thixotropy andpseudoplasticity, which often occur with or-ganic pigments.

Adhesion to aluminium foil

Soluble dyes tend to affect the adhesion ofprints, particularly to aluminium foil. Theproblem can normally be solved by apply-ing a suitable primer to the foil. Adhesion isalso dependent on the composition of thelacquer, the dye/vehicle ratio and the dry-ing conditions.

Resistance to sublimation

Besides those dyes which may bleed, there are some which also have a tendency to sublima-tion and which can, for example, be transferred to paper or pass through polyolefine film.

Ciba

® ORA

SOL


i-3/2001-Oct-01

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2

Light fastness and resistance properties of nitrocellulose/alcohol prints with 5% Ciba® ORASOL® dyestuff

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q

LOSARO mµ6 mµ21 HOaN HOcA kliM .tiC paoS .teD IC.teD eseehC rettuB ocoC .graM .ttoCxawP

C°08xawPC°021

retaWC°02

retaWC°08nim03

retaWC°001nim51

NG4wolleY 4 5 3 4 3-2 4-3 5 4 4 5 5-4 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3

NLG2wolleY 5 7 5 5-4 3 5-4 4 5-4 5-4 5 4-3 5-4 5 5-4 5 5 5 4-3 3

R3wolleY 3 4 5 5-4 3 5 5-4 5 5-4 5 5-4 5-4 5 5 5 5 5 3 3-2

NLR2wolleY 4 6-5 5 5-4 3 5 5-4 5 5-4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4-3 4-3

GegnarO 4 5 5-4 5-4 3 5 5-4 5 5-4 5 5 5-4 5 5 5 5 5 3 4-3

GRegnarO 5 6-5 5 5 5 5 5-4 5-4 5-4 5 5-4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4

LG2nworB 3 4-3 5 5-4 3 5 5-4 5 5-4 5 5-4 5-4 5 5-4 5 5 5 4-3 4

LR2nworB 5-4 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5-4 5-4 5 5-4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5-4

LR6nworB 2 4-3 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5-4 5-4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4

LG3deR 3 4 5 5 4-3 5 5-4 5 5-4 5 5-4 5-4 5 5-4 5 5 5 4 4-3

B2deR 3 4 5 5 5 5 5-4 5-4 5-4 5 4 5 5-4 5 5 5 5 4 4

GdeR 2 4 5-4 5 4-3 5 4 5 5-4 4 5-4 5-4 5-4 5 5 5 5 5-4 4

LBdeR 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5-4 5-4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5-4 5 4 4

GLB5kniP 1 3-2 5 5 4-3 5 4-3 5 5-4 4-3 5-4 5 5-4 5 5 5 5 4 4

LBeulB 2 2 5 4 4 4 3 4-3 3 4 4 5-4 3 3 5 5-4 5-4 4-3 3

NGeulB 5-4 6 5 5 5 5 4-3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5-4

LGeulB 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5-4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5-4 4-3

NCkcalB 2 3-2 5-4 5 3 5 5 5 5 5-4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

ILRkcalB 3-2 4-3 5 5 4-3 5 5-4 5 5-4 5 5 5 5-4 5-4 5 5 5 5 5-4

Product Light fastness Resistance properties

Printed wet film

Ciba

® ORA

SOL


i-3/2001-Oct-01

Page 1

3

Light fastness and resistance properties of vinyl/ketone prints with 5% Ciba® ORASOL® dyestuff

Product Light fastness Resistance properties

Printed wet film A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q

LOSARO mµ6 mµ21 HOaN HOcA kliM .tiC paoS .teD IC.teD eseehC rettuB ocoC .graM .ttoCxawP

C°08xawPC°021

retaWC°02

retaWC°08nim03

retaWC°08nim51

NG4wolleY 3 5 5 4 4 5-4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5-4 5 5 5 3 3

NLG2wolleY 7 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4-3 3

R3wolleY 8-7 8-7 5 5-4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3-2 3

NLR2wolleY 7-6 7 5 5 5-4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 4-3

GegnarO 7 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3-2

GRegnarO 6 7-6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4-3 4-3

LG2nworB 5 7-6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4

LR2nworB 7 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4

LR6nworB 6 7-6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4-3

LG3deR 6-5 8-7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4-3 4

B2deR 7-6 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4-3 4-3

GdeR 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5-4 4 5-4 5 5 5 5 5-4 5 3 4

LBdeR 6 7-6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 3

GLB5kniP 1 2 5 5 5 5 5-4 5 5-4 4 5 5 5-4 5 5 5-4 5 3 4

LBeulB 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5-4 4 5 5 5-4 5 3 5 3 3

NGeulB 5-4 6 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5-4 5-4 5 5 5 5 5 5

LGeulB 6-5 6 5 5 5 5 4 4-3 4-3 5-4 5 5-4 5-4 5-4 5 5 5 5-4 5-4

NCkcalB 6 8-7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5-4

ILRkcalB 5-4 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5-4 5-4 5 5 5 5-4 5-4


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 14

A Alkali (NaOH) 1%B Acetic acid (AcOH) 5%C Lactic acid (Milk) 10%D Citric acid (Cit.) 10%E Soap gel 25%F Detergent CI-free (Det.) 1%

G Detergent containing CI (Det. CI) 1%H CheeseI ButterJ Coconut fat (Coco)K Margarine (Marg.)L Cottage cheese (Cott.)

M Paraffin wax 80°C/5 minN Paraffin wax 120°C/5 minO Cold water 20°C/24 hoursP Hot water 80°C/30 minQ Hot water 100°C/15 min

The resistance data are based on nitrocellulose and vinyl ketone prints on prelacquered alu-minium foil. The printed wet film thickness was 12µm and contained 5% ORASOL dye in adye: binder ratio of 1:3.

Bleeding resistances were determined in accordance with DIN 16524-BL-1 for A, O, P and Q;DIN 16524-BL-2 for B, C, D, E and G; DIN 16524-BL-3 for H, I, J, L, M and N or the corre-sponding ISO-Norms.

Substances used for resistance tests


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 15

Resistance tests for prints

The light fastness of dyes is affected by the dye concentration, the thickness of the coating,the type and composition of the vehicle and also by the substrate. For this reason the figuresgiven should be regarded as guidelines. Strictly speaking, they only apply under the testconditions stated.

Light fastness is tested according to ISO 2835-64/ISO 12040-97 (E) against the 1-8 Blue WoolScale. The sample is exposed to step 3 on the ISO Gray Scale for change in shade. Thefastness rating is taken as the step on the Blue Wool Scale whose change in shade coincideswith that of the sample.

rating light fastness

1 very poor2 poor3 moderate4 fairly good5 good6 very good7 excellent8 outstanding

The test is carried out in accordance with ISO 2838; the sample is placed print side down, onat least three layers of filter paper saturated with 1% sodium hydroxide solution. The sampleis covered with another filter paper, and the whole is sandwiched between two glass platesand subjected to a pressure of 0.1 N/cm2 for 10 minutes. The filter paper that has been incontact with the print is then dried and examined for staining.

Light

A Alkali (NaOH) ISO 2838-74

B, C , D Acetic acid (AcOH), lactic acid (Milk) and citric acid (Cit.) ISO 2838-74

The same procedure is used as that for determination of resistance to alkali, except for theduration of the test (4 hours) and the concentration (5% acetic acid, 10% lactic acid, 10%citric acid, all by weight).

A 25% solution of Marseilles soap is poured into a petri dish while still hot. When the solutionhas set, the sample is placed print side down on the soap and the whole is allowed to standunder cover for 48 hours at a controlled temperature of 20°C. The sample is then removedand an assessment is made of staining of the surface of the soap.

E Soap ISO 2839-74


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 16

a) a chlorine-free detergent representing a commercial detergent without fluorescentwhitener or perborate

b) a chlorine-containing detergent representing a commercial detergent with fluorescentwhitener and dichloroisocyanurate (sodium salt).

Staining of the filter paper is assessed.

The procedure is in accordance with ISO 2840. Apart from the reagents used and the lengthof the test, this test is the same as that for resistance to alkali.

The test is carried out with 1% aqueous solutions of:

F Detergent CI-free (Det.) 1% ISO 2840-74G Detergent containing CI (Det. CI) 1% ISO 2840-74

A medium ripe soft cheese of the Camembert type is used for this test.

In accordance with ISO 2841, the test sample is placed print side down against the cheeserind. Careful pressure should be used to obtain full contact between the two without lettingthe sample sink into the cheese.

The sample and the cheese are stored for 3 days at 20°C. The sample is then removed andstaining of the cheese is assessed.

H Cheese ISO 2841-74

Along the lines laid down in ISO 2842, a petri dish is half filled with the appropriate testsubstance. The sample is pressed print side down against the test substance so as to obtaineven contact over the whole surface. The dish is allowed to stand for 24 hours at 20°C andthen cooled to about 4°C so as to make the sample easily removeable.

Staining of the surface of the test substance is then assessed.

I, K, L Butter, margarine (Marg.) and cottage cheese (Cott.) ISO 2842-74

The test is similar to that for testing fastness to butter and margarine, with the one differencethat the fat is melted at 70°C and poured over the printed sample in a petri dish.

J Coconut fat (Coco) ISO 2842-74

20 g paraffin wax with a softening point of about 60°C are placed in a porcelain dish andheated to 80°C and 120°C. The sample is immersed in the liquid for 5 minutes at eachtemperature. When the sample is removed, the paraffin wax is allowed to cool before stain-ing is assessed.

M, N Paraffin wax ISO 2843-74


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 17

The cold water test is conducted the same way as the hot water test, except that the tempera-ture in this case is 20°C.

20 ml distilled water in a 100 ml glass beaker and a printed sample with a surface area of20cm2 are used for this test. The sample is left in the water for 30 minutes at 80°C or for 15minutes at 100°C; water lost by evaporation should be replenished. Discoloration of thewater by the prints is then assessed.

P, Q Hot water ISO 2836-74

O Cold water ISO 2836-74

Assessment scales of resistance properties

The figures for resistance properties are indications of the suitability of a dye for a particularapplication. These ratings are directly dependent on the type of medium and the dye con-centration, and for this reason they can not be regarded as constants for the dye concerned.

The resistance tests should basically follow two distinct lines of assessment, which are thechange in shade of the original sample and the staining of any materials which come intocontact with it. The type of assessment to be used depends on the end user criteria.

In accordance with ISO recommendations, the Gray Scale for assessing bleeding (ISO 105-A03, 1988) was used in those cases where the specimen caused staining of the contact me-dium (e.g. reagent soaked filter paper, soap, fat, etc.). Where a color change in the specimenitself was observed Gray Scale for assessing color change (ISO 105-A02, 1988) was utilized.

The rating of both Gray Scales correspond to the following differences:

Gray scale rating Assessment Color change BleedingCIELab """""E* units CIELab """""E* units

5 very good 0 04 good 1.7 4.33 adequate 3.4 8.52 fair 6.8 16.91 poor 13.6 34.1

Assessment of color change and staining


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 18

Determination of physical properties of the dyes

The start of decomposition is measured by DTA (differential thermal analysis), the tempera-ture is increased by 20°C/min.

emantcudorPytisneD

mc/g( 3)emulovgnikluB

)gk/l(Hp

noitisopmoceD)C°(trats

NG4wolleYLOSARO 61.1 97.1 1.7 081

NLG2wolleYLOSARO 72.1 03.2 1.7 012

R3wolleYLOSARO 25.1 02.2 6.7 062>

NLR2wolleYLOSARO 04.1 97.1 2.7 042

GegnarOLOSARO 24.1 02.3 7.7 062>

GRegnarOLOSARO 03.1 89.8 8.7 052

LG2nworBLOSARO 05.1 05.1 8.5 062>

LR2nworBLOSARO 15.1 79.1 9.4 elbanimretedton

LR6nworBLOSARO 45.1 08.1 5.7 062>

LG3deRLOSARO 25.1 42.3 1.6 062>

B2deRLOSARO 13.1 00.2 5.6 022

GdeRLOSARO 13.1 23.2 3.7 091

LBdeRLOSARO 63.1 33.4 7.6 532

GLB5kniPLOSARO 23.1 00.2 9.6 062>

LBeulBLOSARO 91.1 08.1 3.7 561

NGeulBLOSARO 34.1 27.1 0.8 562

LGeulBLOSARO 72.1 00.2 7.8 002

NCkcalBLOSARO 83.1 00.3 0.8 052

ILRkcalBLOSARO 03.1 81.2 2.7 062>


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 19

Density

Density is determined with a Beckman 930 (manufactured by Beckman Instruments Inc.,Fullerton, California, USA) air pycnometer, using helium gas and carefully dried dye powder.

The figures obtained (in g/cm3) correlate closely with the results of conventional pycnometermethods.

Bulking volume

The bulking volume is the volume in liters occupied by 1 kg of dye powder when poured outloosely. It may change when the powder is stored or transported.

Determination is carried out by weighing a 250 ml beaker filled loosely with dye powder andcalculating what the volume would be for 1 kg of dye. The results are mean figures fromseveral measurements.

pH

1 g dye is dissolved in 100 ml of a mixture of 4 volumetric parts ethanol and 1 volumetric partdistilled water. The pH of this solution is determined on a glass/calomel electrode pH meter.

Melting point or decomposition point

These are determined by the DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) method, using a Perkin-Elmer DSC-1B apparatus (see Daniel M. Marmion, “Journal of the AOAC”, 53, 2, 170). Therate of temperature increase is 16°C/min, and the melting point is represented by the peak ofthe curve described. The decomposition point is taken to be the point where the curve indi-cates the development of an exothermic reaction.

Some ORASOL dyes do not have normal melting behaviour and often decompose beforemelting. Other ORASOL dyes have no clear decomposition or melting point.

Transmission spectra

The diagrams in the pattern section illustrate the transmission spectra of ORASOL dyes overthe wavelength range 300-1000 nm. Measurements were taken against air using a celluloseacetate film (coating thickness about 90µm) containing 0.4% dye.

The transmission spectrum of an undyed film shows that the film itself has negligible absorp-tion over the same wavelength/range.


i-3/2001-Oct-01 Page 20

Formulations used for fastness tests

Nitrocellulose inks % wt Vinyl inks % wt

ORASOL dyes 5 ORASOL dyes 5Nitrocellulose AH 27 (18% DBP) 15 VINYLITE VMCH (UCC) 15Dioctylphthalate 2 Dioctylphthalate 2DOWANOL PM 10 DOWANOL PM 10MEK 40 MEK 68Ethanol 28

Ciba® ORASOL® ink formulations

ORASOL dyes can be applied with a large number of vehicles including:

alcohol-soluble nitrocellulose urea and melamine/formaldehyde resinsester-soluble nitrocellulose polyvinyl chloride copolymerscellulose acetate butyrate polyvinyl acetal resinscellulose acetate propionate polyacrylic resinsethyl cellulose epoxy resinsmaleic resins polyurethane resinsketone resins polyester resinsshellac alkyd resinsalcohol-soluble polyamide resins

These are the formulations used for the illustrations:

Nitrocellulose inks % wt

ORASOL dye 8Nitrocellulose AH 27 8(18% Dibutylphthalate)Ketone resin SK 6Dibutylphthalate 11-methoxy-propanol 20Methyl isobutyl ketone 20Ethanol abs. 37

Viscosity ford cup no. 4 14s

Incorporation: The solvents are mixed in a first step.In a second step the resins are completely dissolved.Finally the ORASOL dye is added and completely dissolved.

i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%

Gravure prints at a concentration of 8% dye on vinyl-lacquered aluminium


300.0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000.00.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Very greenish yellow, excellent alcohol solubility C.I. Solvent Yellow 146Metal-free monoazo

i-3/2001-Oct-01

Abreviations, see page 9+14Test methods, see page 15-17

Light fastness and resistance propertiesof the print

Solubility dataof colorant


ssentsafthgiLmliftewdetnirP lohocla/CN enotek/lyniV ytilibuloS stluseR

mµ6 4 3 HOeM 0001

mµ21 5 5 HOtE 008

seitreporpecnatsiseR lohocla/CN enotek/lyniV API 003

HOaN 3 5 HOzB 0001

HOcA 4 4 EMGP 005

kliM 3-2 4 EEGP 05

.tiC 4-3 5-4 cAeM 0

paoS 5 5 cAtE 0

.teD 4 4 cAPI 0

IC.teD 4 4 cAuB 0

eseehC 5 5 AMP 0

rettuB 5-4 5 KEM 0

ocoC 5 5 KBIM 0

.graM 5 5 KPM 0

.ttoC 5 5-4 .ulotHOtE 009

C°08,xawP 5 5 .ulotKEM 0

C°021,xawP 5 5 cAtE,HOtE 007

C°02,retaW 5 5 EMGP,HotE 009

nim03/C°08,retaW 3 3 EMGP,cAtE 052

nim51/C°001,retaW 3 3

i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000.0

0.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Mid shade yellow, broad solubility spectra C.I. Solvent Yellow 881:2 chrome complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 5 7 HOeM 009

mµ21 7 7 HOtE 003


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 009

HOcA 5-4 5 EMGP 006

kliM 3 5 EEGP 004

.tiC 5-4 5 cAeM 001

paoS 4 5 cAtE 001

.teD 5-4 5 cAPI 05

IC.teD 5-4 4 cAuB 001

eseehC 5 5 AMP 05

rettuB 4-3 5 KEM 0001

ocoC 5-4 5 KBIM 001

.graM 5 5 KPM 052

.ttoC 5-4 5 .ulotHOtE 0001




nim03/C°08,retaW 4-3 4-3 EMGP,cAtE 007


i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000.00.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Strong reddish yellow, economic golden shades C.I. Solvent Yellow 251:2 cobalt complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 3 8-7 HOeM 52

mµ21 4 8-7 HOtE 051


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 05

HOcA 5-4 5-4 EMGP 007

kliM 3 4 EEGP 007

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 0

paoS 5-4 5 cAtE 0

.teD 5 5 cAPI 0

IC.teD 5-4 5 cAuB 0

eseehC 5 5 AMP 05


ocoC 5-4 5 KBIM 05

.graM 5 5 KPM 052

.ttoC 5 5 .ulotHOtE 052




nim03/C°08,retaW 3 3-2 EMGP,cAtE 005

nim51/C°001,retaW 3-2 3

i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000.0

0.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Reddish yellow, broad solubility spectra C.I. Solvent Yellow 891:2 cobalt complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 4 7-6 HOeM 053

mµ21 6-5 7 HOtE 007


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 0001

HOcA 5-4 5 EMGP 007

kliM 3 5-4 EEGP 0001

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 006

paoS 5-4 5 cAtE 051

.teD 5 5 cAPI 05


eseehC 5 5 AMP 007

rettuB 5 5 KEM 009

ocoC 5 5 KBIM 052

.graM 5 5 KPM 05





nim03/C°08,retaW 4-3 3 EMGP,cAtE 0001

nim51/C°001,retaW 4-3 4-3

i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 500 600 700 80 0 90 0 10 00.0

0.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Mid shade orange, economic redgold shades C.I. Solvent Orange 111:2 cobalt complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 4 7 HOeM 05

mµ21 5 7 HOtE 05


HOaN 5-4 5 HOzB 051

HOcA 5-4 5 EMGP 007

kliM 3 5 EEGP 005

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 002

paoS 5-4 5 cAtE 003

.teD 5 5 cAPI 001

IC.teD 5-4 5 cAuB 0

eseehC 5 5 AMP 006

rettuB 5 5 KEM 052

ocoC 5-4 5 KBIM 004

.graM 5 5 KPM 053






nim51/C°001,retaW 4-3 3-2

i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 50 0 600 70 0 80 0 900 10 00.00.0

20

40

60

80

10 0

110.0

nm

%T

Reddish orange with highest color strength C.I. Solvent Orange 991:2 chrome complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 5 6 HOeM 52

mµ21 6-5 7-6 HOtE 05


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 056

HOcA 5 5 EMGP 057

kliM 5 5 EEGP 055

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 001

paoS 5-4 5 cAtE 52

.teD 5-4 5 cAPI 0

IC.teD 5-4 5 cAuB 0

eseehC 5 5 AMP 05


ocoC 5 5 KBIM 052

.graM 5 5 KPM 051






nim51/C°001,retaW 4 4-3

i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 50 0 600 700 80 0 900 10 00.00.0

20

40

60

80

10 0

110.0

nm

%T

Clear yellowish brown C.I. Solvent Brown 421:2 chrome complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 3 5 HOeM 05

mµ21 4-3 7-6 HOtE 05


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 054

HOcA 5-4 5 EMGP 0001

kliM 3 5 EEGP 056

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 052

paoS 5-4 5 cAtE 05

.teD 5 5 cAPI 0

IC.teD 5-4 5 cAuB 0

eseehC 5 5 AMP 056


ocoC 5-4 5 KBIM 003

.graM 5 5 KPM 002







i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000.0

0.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Mid shade brown, good light fastness C.I. Solvent Brown 431:2 chrome complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 5-4 7 HOeM 003

mµ21 5 7 HOtE 05


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 056

HOcA 5 5 EMGP 007

kliM 3 5 EEGP 007

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 05

paoS 5 5 cAtE 52

.teD 5 5 cAPI 0

IC.teD 5-4 5 cAuB 0

eseehC 5-4 5 AMP 052

rettuB 5 5 KEM 006

ocoC 5-4 5 KBIM 052

.graM 5 5 KPM 051






nim51/C°001,retaW 5-4 4

i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 .0

0.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Reddish dark brown C.I. Solvent Brown 441:2 chrome complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 2 6 HOeM 52

mµ21 4-3 7-6 HOtE 0


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 05

HOcA 5 5 EMGP 054

kliM 3 5 EEGP 056

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 051

paoS 5 5 cAtE 52

.teD 5 5 cAPI 52

IC.teD 5 5 cAuB 52

eseehC 5 5 AMP 053


ocoC 5-4 5 KBIM 003

.graM 5 5 KPM 053






nim51/C°001,retaW 4 4-3

i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000.00.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Yellowish red, broad solubility spectra C.I. Solvent Red 1301:2 chrome complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01





mµ6 3 6-5 HOeM 001

mµ21 4 8-7 HOtE 053


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 0001

HOcA 5 5 EMGP 008

kliM 4-3 5 EEGP 009

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 009

paoS 5-4 5 cAtE 009

.teD 5 5 cAPI 007


eseehC 5 5 AMP 007


ocoC 5-4 5 KBIM 009

.graM 5 5 KPM 009






nim51/C°001,retaW 4-3 4


i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 40 0 50 0 60 0 700 800 900 10 00.00.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Mid shade red, broad solubility spectra C.I. Solvent Red 2331:2 chrome complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 3 7-6 HOeM 0001

mµ21 4 7 HOtE 053


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 007

HOcA 5 5 EMGP 009

kliM 5 5 EEGP 009

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 052

paoS 5-4 5 cAtE 008

.teD 5-4 5 cAPI 004


eseehC 5 5 AMP 007

rettuB 4 5 KEM 0001

ocoC 5 5 KBIM 009

.graM 5-4 5 KPM 004






nim51/C°001,retaW 4 4-3

i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 40 0 50 0 60 0 70 0 80 0 900 1000.0

0.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Clear, strong mid shade red C.I. Solvent Red 1251:2 cobalt complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 2 5 HOeM 52

mµ21 4 6 HOtE 056


HOaN 5-4 5 HOzB 0001

HOcA 5 5 EMGP 009

kliM 4-3 5 EEGP 007

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 0

paoS 4 5 cAtE 52

.teD 5 5 cAPI 0

IC.teD 5-4 5-4 cAuB 0

eseehC 4 4 AMP 054

rettuB 5-4 5-4 KEM 009

ocoC 5-4 5 KBIM 056

.graM 5-4 5 KPM 053



C°021,xawP 5 5-4 cAtE,HOtE 0001




i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 500 600 700 800 90 0 1000.0

0.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Bordeaux shade with good bleeding resistance C.I. Solvent Red 1221:2 chrome complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 4 6 HOeM 051

mµ21 5 7-6 HOtE 051


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 053

HOcA 5 5 EMGP 051

kliM 5 5 EEGP 055

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 051

paoS 4 5 cAtE 002

.teD 5-4 5 cAPI 002


eseehC 5 5 AMP 0001

rettuB 4 5 KEM 005

ocoC 5 5 KBIM 057

.graM 5 5 KPM 005



C°021,xawP 5-4 3 cAtE,HOtE 004




i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%


Ciba® ORASOL® Pink 5BLG

30 0.0 400 500 60 0 700 800 900 1000.00.0

20

40

60

80

10 0

110.0

nm

%T

Clear magenta shade, excellent alcohol solubility C.I. Solvent Red 1271:1 chrome complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01




Ciba® ORASOL® Pink 5BLG


mµ6 1 1 HOeM 0001

mµ21 3-2 2 HOtE 0001


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 0001

HOcA 5 5 EMGP 0001

kliM 4-3 5 EEGP 05

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 0

paoS 4-3 5-4 cAtE 0

.teD 5 5 cAPI 0

IC.teD 5-4 5-4 cAuB 0

eseehC 4-3 4 AMP 0

rettuB 5-4 5 KEM 0

ocoC 5 5 KBIM 0

.graM 5-4 5-4 KPM 0



C°021,xawP 5 5-4 cAtE,HOtE 009




i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



30 0.0 400 50 0 600 700 80 0 900 1000.0

0.0

20

40

60

80

10 0

110.0

nm

%T

Reddish blue, broad solubility spectra C.I. Solvent Blue 136Anthraquinone

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 2 5 HOeM 009

mµ21 2 6 HOtE 007


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 005

HOcA 4 5 EMGP 006

kliM 4 5 EEGP 052

.tiC 4 5 cAeM 52

paoS 3 5 cAtE 52

.teD 4-3 5 cAPI 52

IC.teD 3 5 cAuB 05

eseehC 4 5-4 AMP 52

rettuB 4 4 KEM 003

ocoC 5-4 5 KBIM 051

.graM 3 5 KPM 051



C°021,xawP 5-4 3 cAtE,HOtE 005

C°02,retaW 5-4 5 EMGP,HotE 006



i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 500 600 700 80 0 90 0 10 00.0

0.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Greenish blue with best bleeding resistance C.I. Solvent Blue 67Cu-phthalocyanine

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 5-4 5-4 HOeM 051

mµ21 6 6 HOtE 052


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 054

HOcA 5 5 EMGP 051

kliM 5 5 EEGP 05

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 05

paoS 4-3 4 cAtE 52

.teD 5 5 cAPI 0

IC.teD 5 5 cAuB 0

eseehC 5 5 AMP 52

rettuB 5 5 KEM 004

ocoC 5 5-4 KBIM 051

.graM 5 5-4 KPM 0






nim51/C°001,retaW 5-4 5

i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 500 600 700 80 0 90 0 1000.0

0.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Economic greenish blue C.I. Solvent Blue 70Cu-phthalocyanine

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 4 6-5 HOeM 52

mµ21 4 6 HOtE 52


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 05

HOcA 5 5 EMGP 054

kliM 5 5 EEGP 052

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 0

paoS 5 4 cAtE 001

.teD 5 4-3 cAPI 0

IC.teD 5 4-3 cAuB 001

eseehC 5 5-4 AMP 52


ocoC 5 5-4 KBIM 052

.graM 5 5-4 KPM 004





nim03/C°08,retaW 5-4 5-4 EMGP,cAtE 054

nim51/C°001,retaW 4-3 5-4

i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000.0

0.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Greenish black, good ketone solubility C.I. Solvent Black 281:2 chrome complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 2 6 HOeM 52

mµ21 3-2 8-7 HOtE 05


HOaN 5-4 5 HOzB 0

HOcA 5 5 EMGP 056

kliM 3 5 EEGP 0001

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 0

paoS 5 5 cAtE 0

.teD 5 5 cAPI 0

IC.teD 5 5 cAuB 0

eseehC 5-4 5 AMP 056

rettuB 5 5 KEM 0001

ocoC 5 5 KBIM 054

.graM 5 5 KPM 0001






nim51/C°001,retaW 5 5-4

i-3/2001-Oct-01


50%

75%

100%



300.0 400 500 600 700 80 0 90 0 1000.0

0.0

20

40

60

80

100

110.0

nm

%T

Deep black, specified for industrial ink jet C.I. Solvent Black 291:2 chrome complex

i-3/2001-Oct-01






mµ6 3-2 5-4 HOeM 009

mµ21 4-3 7 HOtE 007


HOaN 5 5 HOzB 004

HOcA 5 5 EMGP 008

kliM 4-3 5 EEGP 005

.tiC 5 5 cAeM 0

paoS 5-4 5 cAtE 05

.teD 5 5 cAPI 52


eseehC 5 5 AMP 09

rettuB 5 5 KEM 008

ocoC 5 5 KBIM 002

.graM 5-4 5-4 KPM 003

.ttoC 5-4 5-4 .ulotHOtE 007





nim51/C°001,retaW 5-4 5-4

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