cib tg66 south america webinar 2010-11-04 1 nastia almao

“The Ordinance about Buildings Thermal Quality for the City of Maracaibo-Venezuela ”“The Ordinance about Buildings Thermal Quality for the City of Maracaibo-Venezuela ”

Maracaibo, Venezuela. 2010

“The Ordinance about the Thermal Quality of buildings for the City of Maracaibo-Venezuela ”

Nastia Almao A., Professor, Ch. Eng., Mech. Eng. MScConsultant



Maracaibo urban external conditions:

• Maximum outdoor temperature: 35 C• Minimum outdoor temperature: 25.3 C• Minimum urban outdoor temperature: 24 to 30 C• Annual average temperature: 29.6 C• Daytime relative humidity: 50 to 65%• Night relative humidity: 75 to 92%• Average maximum wind velocity : 2.3 m/s• Annual average wind velocity: 1.5 m/s• Pollution levels: moderate• Height above sea level: 30 m• North Latitude: 10.65°

Geographic Location:Zulia is located in the north west of Venezuela. Maracaibo is the capital of Zulia State. It currently has three million inhabitants, approximately.

These daily hygrothermal values (temperature and humidity) characterizes its climate as hot

and humid, being all year out of the thermal comfort zone.



What was the energetic situation of Maracaibo when ENELVEN (Maracaibo’s electricity supply Company) decided to structure a

Commission to study solution alternatives?

1. Energy Consumption Trend (1998)

kWh/

d/ye

ar

Comparison of annual electric consumption for dwelling (kWh/d/year) for the state of Zulia, Venezuela and other South American countries.



Maracaibo distribution of electricity consumptions among sectors where 49% is residential

Distribution of residential sector electricity consumptions, where 76% is from air conditioning usage, 11% refrigerators, and 6% lighting.

RESIDENTIAL49%

OTHERS7%

INDUSTRIAL21%

COMMERCIAL23%

3. Low cost and subsidy of energy (0.032 USD/kWh).

Energy Consumption Trend (1998)

2. Wrong Habits of Electrical energy use.

OTHERS3%

REFRIGERATOR11%

LIGHTING6%

IRONING2%LAUNDRY

2%

AIR CONDITIONING76%

OTHERS3%

REFRIGERATOR11%

LIGHTING6%

IRONING2%LAUNDRY

2%

AIR CONDITIONING76%



4. In the last decades, the urban development of the City of Maracaibo, was characterized by a violent unplanned expansion, resulting in profound changes in the environmental and aesthetic quality of the urban area.

5. The architecture of the city was not consistent with local climatic conditions, with the subsequent installation of mechanical air conditioning units of high cooling capacity.

6. Absence of laws regulating the thermal quality of buildings.



Commission for the Improvement of the Thermal Quality of Buildings and Urban Space

1996The project was led by the local electricity supply company’s center for energy optimization (ENELVEN-COE), who invited the following organizations:

The University of ZuliaMunicipality of Maracaibo Chamber of Construction Real State Chamber of CommerceSocial and Economic Development InstituteEngineers and Architects AssociationEnergy and Mines MinistryEnvironmental Ministry.



HANDBOOK FOR THERMAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF BUILDINGS

(1999)

HANDBOOK FOR THERMAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF BUILDINGS

(1999)

Ordinance about Buildings Thermal Quality for the city of Maracaibo Project (2001)

HANDBOOK FOR THERMAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF URBAN SPACE

(1997)

HANDBOOK FOR THERMAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF URBAN SPACE

(1997)

Electricity Supply Company of Zulia State(currently CORPOELEC national electricity

corporation).

Electricity Supply Company of Zulia State(currently CORPOELEC national electricity

corporation).

National Fund for Science, Technology and Innovation of Venezuela

(under the Ministry of Science and Technology).

National Fund for Science, Technology and Innovation of Venezuela

(under the Ministry of Science and Technology).



Ordinance on Buildings Thermal Quality for the city of Maracaibo

Approved by Municipality Chamber on February 2th, 2005Published in the Municipality Gazette on July 20th, 2005Taking effect on January 20th, 2006.

Being the first regulation of this nature in Venezuela, a communication and outreach program was set up in order to:

Inform, educate and capacitate the architecture and constructioncommunity, through frequent talks at local universities and audio-visual media, forums, conferences, workshops .Train those officials of the municipality, responsible for verifying compliance with the Ordinance.



Ordinance Development Methodology OBJECTIVE

To ensure that the conditions of design and construction of the building envelope (roof and walls) in the Municipality of Maracaibo complies with the limits of the Global Thermal Transfer Value (VTTG), in order to guarantee thermal comfort conditions and to diminish electricity consumption due to air conditioning use.

Quantitative Evaluation of handbook recommended alternatives.Research about related regulations at international level on which to frame and build up the new regulation.Calculation Method Selection.Development of required databases.Calculation of variables.Establishment of limit values to comply with the ordinance.Establishment of requirements for a friendly software achievement.Writing the ordinance text as a mandatory legal instrument.



The Ordinance presents a methodology to evaluate the energy efficient design of a building’s envelope taking into account:

Local climate

Physical and thermal properties of local construction assemblies for walls and roofs

Envelope external finishing

Type, number of panes and dimension of window glass,

Fenestration external solar protection and,

Internal design temperature.



These variables are considered in the VTTG (Global Heat Transfer Value) calculation.

The Global Thermal Transfer Value (VTTG) represents the maximum heat gain through each of the outer surfaces of a building, setting an internal temperature of twenty five degrees centigrade (25 C). It is evaluated under extreme weather conditions of Maracaibo and it is determined separately for walls and roofs, per unit of total area.

Roof requirement 25 W/m2

(opaque and transparent portions)

Requirement VTTG for Compliance

Walls requirement 60 W/m2(opaque and transparent portions)

25 W/m2

60 W/m2



It was established as mandatory for new commercial and residential buildings.

All variables involved to VTTG calculation should be considered during the design process of a building.

Architects and Constructors can get the ordinance with the software

(named PROCATED) to preliminary assess the building envelope thermal quality.

The building project should be reviewed and evaluated by the local authority (Oficina Municipal de Planificación Urbana, OMPU*) before a construction permit is granted.

(*) Municipal Urban Planning Bureau



Urban IncentivesSpecial qualifications awarded in

recognition for thecontribution to energy savings.

Incentive Scheme

Tax IncentivesTotal or partial exemptions of buildings contruction taxes are given as a benefit

for achiving a special qualification:

Thermal QualityGold Seal

Thermal Quality Silver Seal

Thermal QualityBronze Seal



Statistic of the Project Evaluated

Year Requested Permission

2006 69

2007 70

2008 124

2009 18

Total Construction

Permits281

76% residential and 24% non residential

Ordinance Implementation Results (2006 – 2010)

Gold 42%

Approved25%

Bronze 18%

Silver 15%

Special Qualifications 2006-2009

Datos: Arq. E. Amador 2010. Según datos del CPU Alcaldía de Maracaibo



• The Ordinance has brought benefits to: building end user; promoters; state and municipality; electricity company and the environment.

• It has been important having established an incentive regime.

• It has served to acquaint architects, engineers and contractors to design buildings with energy conservation criteria.

To extend this ordinance application to other municipalities of Venezuela.

Stepping forward, including regulations for the others energy systems of the building.

Certification of Energy Efficiency in Buildings.

Projects in process:

Concluding Remarks:

cib tg66 south america webinar 2010-11-04 1 nastia almao

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