cia links to jfk assassination

8/14/2019 CIA LINKS TO JFK ASSASSINATION

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cia-links-to-jfk-assassination 1/65

. ./ ·

REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES

ELEASED PER P .L . 102 -826 (

NAI y - -D TE ..I.-h.,.. _

RELEA ;S : · J .

N R

7 December 1976

Allegations and Speculation Concerningthe Assassination of President Kennedy

There is a wide range of speculation and all .egations concerni .ngthe assassination of President Kennedy. These include questions asto how many shots were fired whether lee H vey Oswald acted aloneor with other persons i f indeed, he is even guilty of the act.There has been speculation that Oswald might have been a dispatchedagent of the Soviet Union, inasmuch as he had lived there for sometime. There has been speculation that anti-Castro elements may haveacted in retaliation for the failure of the Bay of Pigs. A mostactive recent line of speculation i s that of the possibility thatOswald was acting for the Castro Government. Some speculation haslef t the inference that CIA was, in some w ~ involved,

These issues are difficult to t reat . They seldom have a credi-ble b ~ s i sin fact; i t is very difficult to produce positive evidencenegating allegations that are not well founded. b v i o u s l y ~untilhard evidence is · available on a number of questions that have beenraised almost any line of speculation may appear plausible. · Thismemorandum attempts to deal in summary fashion with the issues re-ceiving the most attention recently .

CIA Involvement

There is no evidence in documents or in the memories of variousAgency employees giving any indication of CIA involvement in theassassination of President Kennedy. There was one attempt to associate a former CIA employee . with photographs of a vagrant takeninto custody by the Dallas police following President K ennedyts as-sassination. However careful and scientific photograph comparisonsdemonstrated that these photographs were not of the former Agencyemployee. ~ l e believe that the conclusion of the Rockefel ler Commis-sion was correct in stating that: 11there is no credible evidence ofany CIA involvement ...

APPRGVD ~ lfiEfliSt 993CIAH f S T O R I i i ~Rtra£WPROGRAM

:_o <J F K

L \ . f E



'

TO

F R m t

:: . ~ .... _ un .... ,.. ,. • A '- C. r -.J ..

' . . t . .• , . . ; , . . .~

C :.:.'lTED Sl :\ TES G O V E R N ~ . E N TI< ~ ~ l: e l n o r a J z d z t r a.

I

l . I n c o ~ i a n c ewith your re'lu.est, the: Subjec t l / C Si n t e r v i e w ~ don 2·7 Hay 1964 r e l a t i v e t o t he inforr :e . t ion~ h e reporte: i ~ o \ - : ~ - = : · · : _ - · -.. .:=_ SeC'.:...-i ;.. :r O f f i c e r /

\ . ____ - • i h i ~ ~i s i nd i ca t ed as Tab A.

2 . Upon in terv iew, the Subject repc...ated subs t ent : .a l lyt h e s ~ infor.r.a t i on thc.t i s repo:-ted i n f - - ~ =-m < > r o r e ~ : d ~ .Addi ione . l i n t o r ~ : t i o ni n d i c a t e s th:: .t S•.1bj e c tC.ef in i te ly i d : n t i f i e d t h ~ ~ : : l e ~ h o n ecP..lle;r _ fro_7l_ he F ~ ~ ~ e

George Count-.1 t-:aryla.nd 1

'·.- . -- -- · ·- .

- - ----- -3 . D'..l..rlng t he te lephone conversa t ion Sl. bject _ s ta . ted

t h a t she Cal :e under t he def i n i t e i ~ r e s s i O Dt e a t r -

r e s ides i n t he Oxon R i l l , P:...a.ryland area d'.le t o t h a f'ac-c - sae - -I : ~ n t i o n e d .t . ~ some r r e d con.str-u.ction c ~ e i n gdune v ~ - t" ~ - s.r- ' --:-..;(''.-:=e i n t h e Oxo n H i l l a r e a r e cer..tl:r .

4. Subjec t s t a t ed t h ~ t she d id no t d e s i r e t o p lacepreszu.re on \ ·- -- f o r f u r t h e r info.rz:..a.tion concern ingt he n : ~e n d ·.m.:reabouts t t he "e x-CIA Cou...-ier" ; rho t o l d 1 -

/ -fjea-c; Pres iden t Ker:.necy would b ~ e . s s a s s i ~ t e d .e.n1. t h eP r e s i d . ~ n ts a s s a s s i n ;rould a l s o be e s s a s s i r.n ted . Sub jec t a d -v i sed t h a t I s t a t e d tbs . t the "ex - CIA C o u . . . . , . - j _ ~ rl i v e d i nr:e s t 1TirE:;in: .e. ( c i t y o r t m · no t g i ~ n ) ;,-'u.ere t h e r e " 'S.S a

c<::. f' e t e r i a . l c.dvised t h e S1.Jbject thB;.t _l:.e focr.l d i dr.ot sg ree ·.n t h t h e e x- C ~ Cour ie r " a ld she t o o khi J i tO to\r.l f o r n:eals. I fu..-tb.er i::J.d.icated u .., t t h e"Couri.er" t o ld he r th.nt he "bE.d too m.1ch kno\:lo/_ga" i n d i c a t i n gt t .c.t t l : e l a t t e r , ; a s t he rC3.son he l e f t t h e _~_ ge l c y .Istc.ted. t e a t t he "ex-Cot.:..."r"j_er" t o l d he r a l o t o f thing::J relo. t i . vet o peop l e : n b . g h p laces i n t he Go'trei · '· "" lt w- Uch w-as qu i t esr.ock:..ng and. tb.e infor.c.2.tion ln'Orri ed her t · v e r y much .

l



r ~

Commission No .

U ~ - . : T: : : = S T l .-:SS D : : : ? P .. R T ; V : ~ ~ ~T OF JUSTICE

F EDSRAL 3UR:::A U 0::- H N ES TIGATION

" .

c•- ;· . ..

1::: -·

C ' f - - - ., _7 .... 7' <7L.) - · ... . -.L...:...-

' - '7 l ..... ·:::..,uU . .Y • ' _ . . J v •..:.

OHic(l: B ~ l t i m o r e, M a r y l a n d

Burea u File No.:

Cho roc , · · ..... '1 ... . . *f-'- \ ~ . 1.. _.-__ C · · ~ ;

- \.,..-.J- ....

S y n a p • i ~ : ._ . . ¥ .. \ , . . ,- ~ -. · · · ~ - ~ · .r ~ · - . · · .- -~ ~ ~ .- - : - - -: "'::· "> r . o l . . ~ ' · " ' r i ~ ~ c R o - " ~d Ros c - f t.. . . : t G . ; , . r . . . : .. ~ · · · - · • - ' l · w - - - ' · · • ' " - ' ' - ' ; . . ) ~v v.._._. . 1 . ' - ' U 0 ~ J e 4 - J

Oxon Eil: . 11: . : ~ :: y : . : ~ _ : . ; : : ,~ : . . . : . ; _ o : : ;: . . : ~ .· . ; ~ ' ~ - _ : : : c : : : :: . ~ ~ l I i 1 ' : o l : .i ~ e n c oAgency

(C T " ) -:>,...,...,.. 0 .,."'"" · · - - , ~ - - ·""· · " r. · ~ · . , . . , , ·· -· · -, -:e - .;11 ·,'1e<:. -'- o::ri-..,..;n a h""d........ t . . ; ; . ~ . . l ' . J . .J ' ' '"'"" ' - '"' - - \J - · - -- ~ - . 1- \ . . ; ~ - - - -..I.. .;:) ..... J . .4 . . , : , ..1.. .J... '

t o l d h e r p ~ i : - . : .: .;o - ~ : 1 0. : ss : : : : : : . . : ~ : ~ . : : . · : : ~ > ) . :o:? ?J.· c::::;ident KE:NNEDY t h a th e woul d oa 2.:J S<:.G8i1·.:: .te C [.:::::: ·:: .. :-: :: : . i s ~ . s s ~ s si n i n t u r n , ~ o u l d·b e k i l l - e d o U_ . . :h : ~ . : o: :v i : : · . :~ y :·3:£ c::.. o/ 22 / G4, l \ ~s . S IERWOOD s a i dt h a t o n 11/ 23/c:::: :1 ___ · : ; ~: : ::_._ • .:::;i(.0:- . · :: . :.:.:::z-::.DY h a d been a s s a s s i n a t e d ,__ . : ; : : .' o o~ ::::t ~ : : ; : : . · : ; - . : ; : · : . ' . : . . . . : ; : . : .: ? : - ~ : : :::· . :. · ; "'::.

: : : ; ;·. c ::;"t V i r a i n i a , t o l d h o rt . ~ t ~ e : . ::tC. ::::.:::-,;:::. -:::1c ?:::-csiC.: ·J :·ct ~.- ; : : , : . 1 : : . cb e a s s ~ s s i n a t e d .Grooma l s o CO:-.l.."l:c::.tod t : :~.-::: ,P0 ::.· s 0 n '.-.·:,.:> }.:i2.:.o ;: t h e P r e s i d e n t ~ o u l dn o t: .::.v e t o c o : - :~ : = >t o t : · L:. l . G : : . · c~ : - : l ~ G V < : : ~ . ·: : J~ ; ; io i 1e c l c o nne c t i o n w i t hc _ . , ' bu t i i :~ l ie d h e ::.::.d bcc:i. : . : . : : . ~ ' j; : : ; :· o::l ::o:-. e t y p e o f Arr.:ty n t e l l i -

ge:Alce a ~ d \ . ' ~ 2: T I ~ : : J c ; : ; : : . ~ : : = - ~ ~ : : . . . - . _ ;:: .::::; g: : c v: :., I.'.l."3 o SP.::s::r:'iCOD f i r s t c o n s i d e r e d-:;:.·oo.-:1 t o :>8 :: " :.:ri; ' II b·..:·: : . : . ~·. ; e : :· d c:::'-::1 o:: L3E HP..l1VEY os: 'lAID, s h e0 ~l i e v e dh i r lo G: :.oO;:J ~ l : . < . : : ~c : il y t o : .d ~ : : -.. S T I ~ R WO O DP r e s i d e n t KENNEDY:i .::..S me mb e r c:f ~ t : -. ? e8 - : : . : : . ~c o : 1 3 9i r ~ : c y t o t:i .-:o ov e r t h e w o r l d , wh i chc on s p i ~ a c yn ~ d bo8n i n 0 7 .~ s ~ o ~ c e~ o~ s o v e r a l hundred y e a r s . Groomi . C . en t i f i ~ dc··;::c:.· r:1z:::1b0:.·s o t;'-e; ~ · c i . l ~:1::> BEllNA.::m BARUCH and~ ~c _ ..: : :E f2-:- 3. ? . . c o - . f ~ ~ Lo ? .: -~· 8 ~ ~ : : : ; : ~ :.- o - J Dt : }.: . :~~ l o ·t o i d e n t i f y groom whof · ' -' . . . - - . . - - - ., .,...,.,..,. "" S HE .... ' 1 D JR- :J r l : tS lCc. n " z- ~ .. : o s G ;;:. ... o . : : :: : :: c 2 C :l : : Jo ... J . : : > ~ ~. . . . ; . . .~ o ~ t . . . , • , s o n o f1 rs . 3 : . . : : . . · ' : - : : E ~ :, m ~- Io s:::::c:;::..::,), : : .dviscd ~ : . c r ec a l l s h i s mo t h e r m e n t i o n

:. .;; ~ . : > r 1 o ~ : 1 : : . . : : : ;: : : ~ : , . . :, -

<:~

:':-·:-. ::·.:c:.: :;:.:._;_ub ~ ·: :

:e d i d no t r e c a l li t s

,p<.:.:·_J v.::;a o r C : o t~ i l . : ; .._:.? :· ·.:; ~ ::;:; :.:C.\lcd : . ~ . : : ;:::o "i::l:er . i n t h e p a s t , h a sf_-:;:.·.:-ot·;;,;:::n C.-.=:-:::::..:.1.....; ~ : : _::t:: . o :· ~ c : 0 : :.3 d : : . .·~ · . : : : : -. s 7:hi c h s h e d i d n o t cnow~ ; : ; f : : c t I- :c : . n C :: . c : ~ · . : : ~ . : : ,~ . : o :-.:.: .: ::..t ':7:..s :::e:::· o l y :1 go od s t o r y t o l i s t e nt o , bu-;: :1s f : := a s :: ::: y : : ::: ct.:.:l t:.·1.<.tl1 t h c:: oi:u r e l a t i n g t o t h e~ : : ; : : : ; a s s i n ~ t i o n, i t •. ou 2.d ::::: :... " ;n i .L ::..on- ·;;o - 0:16 s h o t .

·:- .i : . : u ~ u : u ~ n tcon:..t.i o .. nc 1t. .c r rc ..:ol.. . l.\.r .•. ; . ~ ~.. r . ,· c•n.c: •• •:,,-. .. , o ~ : . c '111. I t i ~ lht Jlr Op<-r ly nr lhe F n l nn•i i ~ t lonnt-d t , your I'SU"uc-y; ll An d; ~. ,.,_.ht ·11: •• • ~ r . ... t11 u • oh t . . td l:hl lfl't\ t"'UlSh Jc )'"OUr n.;..; i •



- -

BA 105-7740

DETAILS:

RE: KATHERINE N. SHERWOOD6022 Trowbridge RoadRosec ro f t , Oxon H i l l , Maryland

..

'·

By memorandum da ted June 8 , 1964, t h e Cent ra lI n t e l l i g ence Agency (CIA), Washington, D. C. advised t he Federa lBureau of Inves t iga t ion t h a t one KATHRYN N. SHERWOOD had fu rn i shedthe fol lowing a l l e g a t i o n s t o an employee of CIA by t e lephone onMay 14 , 19 6 4 •

Mrs. SHERWOOD had i nd ica ted t h a t she r e s ides in Pr inceGeorges County, Maryland and had r e g i s t e r e d seve ra l monthsprev ious ly as a Republican in orde r t o vo te i n t he primarye l e c t i o n s . She i nd ica ted she was one o f the Delegates on t h eRepubl ican b a l l o t and was suppor t ing Senator BARRY GOLDWATER.She s a i d t h a t al though she had r e g i s t e r e d Republican, she h e l da deep r e spec t fo r the l a t e Pres iden t _KENNEDY. With r ega rd t oPres iden t KENNEDY s s t and on Cuba, SHERWOOD s a i d , Too bad h ewas s e l l i n g us down t he r i v e r .

Mrs. SHERWOOD had a l so commented t h a t an acqua in tancei n West Virg in ia , who sa id he was a former CIA c o u r i e r, t o l d h e r

p r i o r t o the a s s a s s i n a t i o n o f the l a t e Pres iden t KENNEDY, t h a tPres iden t KENNEDY would be assass ina ted and t h a t t he a s s a s s i n ,n t u r n , would a l so be k i l l e d . Mrs. SHERWOOD s a i d t h a t h e r

a t t empt s t o l oca te t h i s person a f t e r t he a s sass ina t ion were n o ts u c c e s s f u l . This person had l i ved i n West Virg in ia where t h e r ewas a c a f e t e r i a , but s ince the food did no t agree with him, Mrs.SHERWOOD took him i n t o town fo r meals . Mrs. SHERWOOD had f u r t h e ri n d i c a t e d t h a t t he ex-CIA cour i e r t o l d her he had t oo muchknowled ge , i nd ica t ing t h a t t h i s was the reason he had l e f t CIA.He a l s o a l l eged ly t o l d her a l o t of th ings r e l a t i v e t o people i nhigh places in the United S t a t e s Government, which were q u i t eshocking and t he in format ion worried Mrs. SHERtvOOD very much.The CIA advised t h a t due to th e a bsence o f any i d e n t i f y i n g d a t aconcerning the a l l eged e x-CIA c o u r i e r t h i s i n d i v i d u a l could no tbe i d e n t i f i e d .

- 2 -



BA 105-7740

The Sunday S t a r , a \ l ash ington , D. C. newspaper,in i t s 'lay 1 7 , 1964, e d i t i o n , conta ined an a r t i c l e e n t i t l e d

36 Candida tes Vie fo r 11 Par ty Se2. ts . I t desc r ibed va r iouss l ~ t sof candida tes running in Pr ince Georges County, Marylandfo r t he pos i t ion o f Delegate to the Republican Sta te Convent ion .One s l a t e i s descr ibed as an independent , gras s roo t s groupcampaigning under t he United Republ ican Organiza t ion; t h a tal though a najo::city o f i t s members favor Senator GOLDWATER,i t was an uncommitted s l a t e . One of the cand ida te s o f t he Uni tedRepublican Organiza t ion s l a t e i s :

Mrs. KATHRYN N. SHERWOODOxon H1l l , (Maryland)

As checked by IC RICHARD A. MARCUS on June 1 5 , 1 9 6 4 ,t he r eco rds o f the Credi t Bureau, I n c . , Washington, D. C. conta ineconly an i nqu i ry dated May 21, 1964, concern ing a KATHRYN N,N, SHERHOOD, husband, RUSSELL, 6 0 2 2 Trov1bridge Road, Rosecro f t ,Maryland, No record was otherwise i nd ica ted .

On June 1 9 , 1964, Mrs. KATHERINE N. SHERWOOD, 6022Trowbridge Road, Rosec ro f t , Oxon H i l l , Maryland, advised Spec ia lAgents FRANCIS X. O'NEILL, JR. and ROBERT L. LANPHEAR t h a t she i s

a horse t r a i n e r and as such was a t Waterford Park Race Trace ,vlest Virg in ia , on November 22, 1963.

Severa l days p r i o r to November 22, 1963, she meta groom who was tending horses next to he r s t a b l e . She becamef r i e n d l y with t h i s person and provided him with t r a n s p o r t a t i o n .and dinners on seve ra l occas ions .

On November 22, 1963, a f t e r Pres iden t JOHN F. KENNEDYhad been a s s a s s i n a t e d , t he groom t o l d her he had known t heP r e s i d e n t would be assass ina ted . Fur the r, he t o l d her the per sonwho k i l l e d the Pres iden t would not l i v e t o come to t r i a l i f i nf a c t , he was ever caught .

SHERI- OOD s t a t e d the ?room, v7hose name she could no tr e c a l l , ~ m p l i ehe had been a Gcmber o f some type o f Army I n t e l l i -gence un1t fo r a number of years and Has masquerading as a groomto p r o t e c t h i s l i f e because he had in format ion in h i s head o fsuch paramount importance t h a t i t would damage the r e p u t a t i o n o fpersons in high au thor i ty in America. She s a i d he t o l d her h i sl i f e would be noth ing i f he had not committed t o paper and

- 3 -



B 105-7740

s ubsequent ly hid the pape r, t o be opened only in the even t o fh i s dea th , the inform a t i o n he possessed . The gro om never ment ione dt h a t he had been connected with CIA.

SHERWOOD advised the man did a l o t of t a l k i n g and s h e ,a t f i r s t cons idered hirr. t o be a nu t , however, a f t e r t he dea tho f LEE HA RVEY OSWALD she sa id she was convinced the man h a d beent r u t h f u l .

SHERWOOD s t a t e d t h i s man t o l d her Pres iden t JO HN F .KENNEDY was a member of a three-man conspi racy to t ake over t h ewor ld . She s a i d t h i s conspi racy had been in ex i s t ence f o r

s e v e r a l hundred years and advised the o the r members o f the groupwere BERNARD BARUCH and JOHN EDGAR HOOV ER. She s a i d t h a t Presiden-1KENNEDY i ncu r red t he d i sp leasure of t he o the r two c o n s p i r a t o r sand as a r e s u l t a p l o t was formed t o a s s a s s i n a t e him, such p l o tbeing c a r r i e d out by OSWALD.

Mrs. SHERWOOD s t a t e d she had never d i scussed t hei n fo rma t ion she fu r n i shed to Bure a u Agents t e l e p h o n i c a l l y wi thanyone. She s a i d she rec e nt ly ran as Republican r e p r e s e n t a t i v et o t h e Republican Sta te Convention on a GOLDWATER S l a t e b u tdenied using t he aforementioned in format ion dur in g her campaign.She advised Bureau g n t s she h e r s e l f was not nuts a l thoughpeople might t h ink s c .

SHERWOOD i s desc r ibed a s a white female, da te o fb i r t h August 1 1905, Chicago, I l l i n o i s he igh t S' 2 , weight

4 pounds, brown eyes , gray h a i r divorced fo r the p a s t 32y e a r s r e s ides with son , RUSSELL a t 6022 Trowbrid ge Road,Rosecro f t , Oxon H i l l Maryland. She presen t ly i s an unemployedhorse t r a i n e r .

On June 25, 1964, RUSSELL E. SHERWOOD, J r .Elec t ron ics Engineer, Federa l Communications Commission,Washington, D. C . , home address o f 6022 Trowbridge Road,Rosec ro f t , Maryland, was i n t e rviewed by Specia l Agents JAMES F .MORRISSEY and ROBERT L. OL SEN o f t he FBI a t h i s place o f employment.

Afte r i d e n t i f y in g KATHERIN E N. SHERWOOD of the sameaddress as h i s mother, he was a ppr i s e d of her June 19, 1964,remarks t o Speci a l Age n t s o f t he FBI, and asked i he posses sed

- 4 -



.- - .

BA 105-7740

any i n f o r m a t i o n b e a r i n g on t h e r e l i a b i l i t y o f h i s m o t h e r s i n f o r m a -t i o n .

At t h e o u t s e t o f t h e i n t e r v i e w, h e s t a t e d t h a t he hadr e c e i v e d a phone c a l l from h i s m o t h e r a t 1:00 p.m. t h a t day i nwhich she a d v i s e d him t h a t s h e had been i n t e r v i e w e d by FBI Agentson June 19 , 1964. He s a i d s h e had n o t t o l d him o f h e r i n t e r v i e wp r e v i o u s l y b u t s a i d t o him she had t o l d h i s w i f e who had a p p a r e n t

f a i l e d t o ment ion t h e f a c t t o him.

He s a i d h i s mother was a h o r s e t r a i n e r , b u t n o t agood one , who a l s o owned a h o r s e which she had r a c e d i n t h e p a s t .I n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t r a i n e r and owner a c t i v i t y s h e had b e e n a tt h e Water fo rd Park t r a c k i n Newel l , \r/est Vi r g i n i a , f rom June t oDecember, 1963 . J u s t p r i o r t o C h r i s t m a s , 1963 , she r e t u r n e d t ol i v e w i t h him and h i s fami ly a t t h e Trowbridge Road add re s s i nt h e same i n s o l v e n t f i n a n c i a l c o n d i t i o n a s she l e f t t o go t h e r e .

Since h e r a r r i v a l she had r e l a t e d t o him on f o u r o rf i v e oc cas ions a s t o r y o f t h e p r e d i c t i o n o f a man whom s h e h a dmet a t t h e t r a c k a t Water fo rd Park . This p r e d i c t i o n was t h a tLEE HARVEY OSWALD would n e v e r come t o t r i a l . As he r e c a l l e dh i s m o t h e r s s t o r y, t h i s p r e d i c t i o n was made s u b s e q u e n t t o t h eP r e s i d e n t s a s s a s s i n a t i o n , and p r i o r t o t h e d e a t h o f OSWALD; t h a ti t was based n o t upon any p r e v i o u s l y o b t a i n e d i n d e p e n d e n tknowledge o f t h i s i n d i v i d u a l , b u t r a t h e r was mere ly a p r e d i c t i o nb a s e d on t h a t personB a n a l y s i s o f t h e t e n o r o f t h e t i m e s , t h a ti s , t h a t t h e v i o l e n t r e a c t i o n o f people i n Dal l a s t o s u c h at e r r i b l e a c t a s t h e a s s a s s i n a t i o n , s u g g e s t e d t h a t OSWALD m i g h tn e v e r l i v e t o come t o t r i a l . He f e l t t h a t t h i s p r e d i c t i o n wasp r o b a b l y more l i k e t h e o p i n i o n o f many people a t t h e t i m e o f t h ea s s a s s i n a t i o n o r was s i m i l a r t o t hose o f t h e news c o l u m n i s t ,DREW PEARSON on t h e t h e o r y t h a t i one makes enough p r e d i c t i o n s ,one o f them i s bound t o come t r u e .

Concern ing t h e i n d i v i d u a l , SHERWOOD s t a t e d t h a t h ei n o t r e c a l l h i s m o t h e r s ment ion ing h i s p a s t o r p r e s e n temployment . He r e c a l l e d o n l y t h a t h i s mother men t ioned t h i si n d i v i d u a l was an American I n d i a n and >vas a member o f t h eC a g a l a , which SHER\•JOOD d e s c r i b e d as a Jewish s e c r e t o r g a n i z a t i o ns i m i l a r t o r ~ e Hasonry.

- 5 -



._ u

BA 105-7740

.. r

J -

S H E R~ V O O s t a t e d th a t h i s r eco l l e c t i o n o f h i s moth e r s

c o mment s i n t h i s r e s p e c t was s ke t chy and va g u e . He s a i dh e r e c a l l e d s h e ment ioned someth in g a b o u t a la s t e r p l a n , b u th e d i d n o t r e c a l l i t s purpose o r d e t a i l s o f i t . He s t a t e dt h a t h i s mother i n t h e p a s t h a s f o r g o t t e n d e t a i l s o f e v e n t so r added i t e m s which she d i d n o t know a s f a c t , b u t f e l t s h ewas l i k e most p e o p l e i n t h i s r e s p e c t . He s a i d h i s m o t h e r i ss u s c e p t i b l e t o s t o r i e s o f t h i s k i n d .

SHERWOOD s a i d t h a t h e h a s no o t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n b e a r i n gon t h e r e l i a b i l i t y o f h i s m o t h e r ' s r e m a r k s . To him, i t was m e r e l ya good s t o r y t o l i s t e n t o , b u t a s f a r a s any f a c t u a l t r u t ht h e r e i n r e l a t i n g t o t h e a s s a s s i n a t i o n , i t would b e a m i l l i o n - t oone s h o t . He s a i d he cou ld n o t imagin e any normal p e r s o nc l a i m i n g t o have a connec t i on , p a s t o r p r e s e n t , w i t h C e n t r a lI n t e l l i g e n c e Agency o r an i n t e l l i g e n c e u n i t a c t i n g i n t h e mannerd e s c r i b e d by h i s mother. He s t a t e d he cons ide r ed i t u n f o r t u n a t et h a t i n v e s t i g a t i v e t i m e had t o be expended t o check t h e c r e d i b i l i t •o f a s t o r y such a s t h a t r e l a t ed b y h i s mother.

He s u g g e s t e d t h a t h i s w i f e be c o n t a c t e d ; t h a L p e r h a p ss h e mi gh t be a b l e t o o f f e r some i n f o r m a t i o n o r p e r s p e c t i v er e l a t i n g t o h i s m o t h e r ' s re m a r k s .

On June 27 , 1964 , Mrs. BERNICE SHE RWOOD 6022 Trowb r i d g e Road, R o s e c o r f t , Oxon H i l l , Mary land , m a i l i n g a d d r e s sWashington 22 , D. C . , a d v i s e d t h a t s h e h a s known h e r m o t h e r - i nl a w, Mrs . KATHERINE SHERWOOD age 58 , f o r a p p r o x i m a t e l y t w e n t yy e a r s , d u r i n g which t ime KATHERINE h a s been h o r s e o r t r a c kh a p p y. She f u r t h e r r e l a t e d t h a t s h e h a s n e v e r had any r e a s o nt o d o u b t t h e r e ~ i b i l i t yo f h e r m o t h e r - i n - l a w ' s s t a t e m e n t s , b u tr e a l i z e s t h a t she mixes w i t h a crowd o f r a c e t r a c k f o l l o w e r sr e p r e s e n t i n g a l l t y p e s o f p e r s o n a l i t i e s and c h a r a c t e r s . A tt h e p r e s e n t t i m e , KATHERINE SHERWOOD o ~ m sa h o r s e which i sb e i n g b o a r d e d somewhere i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f V.laterford Park RaceTr a c k , l o c a t e d n e a r Newel l , West Vi r g i n i a .

Mrs. SHER WOOD r e l a t e d t h a t s h e and h e r m o t h e r - i n - l a wa r e n o t t o o c l o s e and th a.t s h e h a s n e v e r been a g o o d l i s t e n e rw i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e l a t t e r ' s conve r s a t i o n s , a n d , i n f a c t , m o s to f t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n s s h e o v e r h e a r s a r e c o n v e r s a t i o n s betweenMrs . KATHERINE SHERWOOD a n d o t h e r i n d i v i d u a l s o r g r o u p c o n v e r s a -t i o n s . \

G • -.§;_ ' 13 J ~ X t ~ \ \ \

A l P ~ts - f J a . C Y tt

- ~~- -~ ~ { t ~~ - 1 1

- 6 -



BA 105-7740

Mrs. KATHERINE SHERviOOD l e f t ,Jaterford Park RaceTrack i n December, 1963, and came i:o l i v e ~ i t hh e r son , RUSSELLa t t h e Oxon H i l l , t1aryland, addres s . Sometime i n Janua ry, o rFebruary, 1964, while KATHERINE was running as a cand ida t e f o rt h e GOLDVJATER Delega t ion t o the t1aryland Republ ican Convent ion ,people were ga the red f o r a meet ing , l o c a t i o n no t r e c a l l e d ,Hhich c o u l d have been held a t h e r r e s idence . During t h e m e e t i n g ,the t o p i c o f communism a r o s e , and t1rs. KATHERINE SHERWOOD r e l a t e dthe fo l l owing i n c i d e n t t o t h i s group:

While a t 1-laterford Park Race Track , she had made t h eacqua in t ance o f a groom whom she used t o t r a n s p o r t t o and fromt h e r ace t r a c k and t he nearby tovm o f Newell , \ - /es tVirginia .On t h e Fr iday t h a t t he P re s iden t was a s s a s s i n a t e d , and on f i r s thea r ing t h i s news, and be fo re LEE OSHALD had been k i l l e d , t h i sgroom made a s t a t emen t i n f r o n t of a group o f horse t r a i n e r sand e n t r y personnel t h a t the a s s a s s i n would never l i v e t o bet r i e d . This groom had a l s o s t a t e d t h a t t he a s s a s s i n a t i o n wasa pre-p lanned conspi racy. On the Sunday fo l lowing t h e P r e s i d e n t sa s s a s s i n a t i o n when LEE OSWALD had been k i l l e d , most o f t h e samepeople who had heard t he groom's s t a t emen t were amazed t h a t t

had been c o r r e c t .

Mrs. BERNICE SHERI•JOOD s t a t e d t h a t t h i s was t he f i r s tt ime t h a t she had eve r heard h e r mothe r- i n - l aw r e l a t e t h i ss t o r y and a f t e r the meet ing , which i n h e r opin ion was a t t e n d e dby some h igh ly e x c i t a b l e peop le , she asked h e r mothe r- i n - l awwhy she p laced so much s i g n i f i c a n c e i n the r e l i a b i l i t y o f t h egroom's s t a t emen t , whereupon KATHERINE in formed h e r t h a t t h egroom seemed t o be wel l educa t ed , was nea t i n appea rance , andhe had t o l d h e r t h a t dur ing World War I I he had been wi th ani n t e l l i g e n c e u n i t . He had a l s o t o l d h e r t h a t she shou ld n o t h a v ebeen seen wi th him and t h a t she should n o t con t inue t o d r i v ehim i n t o town s ince he was be ing watched. According t o KATHERINESHERWOOD, the groom appa ren t ly l e f t the Water ford Park Race Tracea r e a soon a f t e r

thea s s a s s i n a t i o n and p r i o r t o h e r l e av ing f o r

Oxon H i l l , Maryland, i n December, 1963.

Mrs. BERNICE SHER riOOD st:a t ed t h a t she does no t r e c a l lh e r mothe r- i n - l aw eve r say ing t h a t the groom had remarked t h a the knew so much about people i n h igh ly placed p o s i t i o n s t h a twould damage t h e i r c h a r a c t e r , t h a t such was a t h r e a t t o h i s owns a f e t y. Vlhen ques t ioned , she r e l a t e d t h a t she has neve r heardKATHERINE make s t a t emen t s t h a t JOHN F. KENNEDY and o t h e r s were

- 7 -



BA 105-7740

p r t o f a conspi racy to t ake over t he world .

On t e rmina t ing th e i n t e r v i e w Mrs. SHER\>JOOD s t t e dt h t she could no t unders tand why so much emphasis and concernwas being a t t ached t o the r epor t ed s t a t emen t made by t he grooms ince undoubtedly a numb e r o f people l l over the count ry had mades i m i l a r s ta tements t t he t ime t h t word was rece ived o f t hea s s a s s i n a t i o n o f t he Pres iden t .

Mrs. BERNICE SHERWOOD fu rn i she d t he foregoing i n f o r m a t i ct o Spec ia l Agents JAMES W SIBERT and RICHARD G. STILLING.

8



ATTENl ION

SUBJECX. •l:iJ i;,WOOD, Kathryn N.OEC:If.'',SIF Ul :lY < J J f Q a ~ @ l t = ~• j ~ _ : : . I . ~ ~ ~ - 1 2 .[ ~ i 1 ffii MvC sr

.

1 . For your information, a present employee of the c > - .

Lentral In te l l igence Agency has reported a telephone ~ ~ ~conversat ion had with the above Subject during the evening ( / :._ '·of 14 May 1961>. ·

'~\ ~

., •.)

~\ \ ~

· \·

\..

2 . Our present employee indicated t ha t she resides i nPrince Georges County, Maryland and several lllOnths previouslyhad regis te red as a Republican i n order to vote in theprimary elec t ions . During the evening of 14 May 1961. theSubject telephoned our employee indica t ing t ha t she was one

lof the delegates on the Republican ba l lo t and was supportingSenator Barry Gold•>ater. During the conversation our em-

ployee indicated to Mrs. Sher1rood t ha t she hadn' t decidedwhich candidate to support and t ha t although she had registe red Republican she held a deep respect for the l t e

President Kennedy. Our employee s t a t ed to Mrs. Sherwoodtha t she l iked the l t e President Kennedy's stand on Cubawhereupon Sherwood sa id too bad he was se l l ing us down ther i v e r .

3. Also during the telephone conversation Sherwood ad-vised our employee t ha t an acquaintance in West Virginia

lc i t y or town not given), who sa id he was a former CIA

Courier, had to ld her (Sherwood) pr io r t o the assass ina t ionof the l t e President Kennedy t ha t President Kennedy would

I be assassinated and t ha t the assass in in t u rn would a lsobe k i l l ed . Mrs. Sherwood fur ther advised t ha t her attemptst o loca te t h i s person in West Virg in ia f t e r the assass inat ion were not successful . According to Mrs. Sherwood'swords t h i s person j u s t disappeared from s ight followinghe assass ina t ion of the l t e President Kennedy. Sherwood

:further advised our employee t h a t the "ex-CIA Courier

\ .

·-



l ived in West V1.rgtma where there \ lai ea te t e r t a

w-

ever the food did not agree With him and due to the l a t t e r• · • she (Sherwood) took him in to town for meals. Sherwood.

fur ther indicated t ha t the ex-CIA Courier to ld her tha the had too much knowledge indica t ing t ha t the l a t t e r wae

the reason he l e f t the Agency . Sherwo od s t a t ed t ha t theex-CIA Courier t o ld her a l o t of things r e l a t ive to

people in high p la ces in the U. S . Government whi ch wasqui te shocking and the information worried her (Sherwood)v e ry much.

4. Due to the absence of any ident i fy ing data concerning the a l l eged ex-CIA Courier t h i s Agency has beenunable to ident if 'y him.

5.and theyou, t

Agency.

I f you deem i t appropriate to contact Mrs. Sherwoodi den t i ty of the ex-CIA Courier i s made known toi s requested t h a t his i den t i ty be ~ s s e dt o t h i s _ l •

~ VJ ( ' I _ .tL _. j ~ ·~ ~.. .

~ ~ f t I .. ... 7 . r .)

; v r ~~ . - t c t C

~ , ._......<1·--. ts I r_ yJ t, v

oward J.D.. J o ~Deputy D i r e c t o ~ S e c u r i t y

v 3 : : > n O O ~ d 3 ~S 3 / I I H : : > ~ VlVNOI lVN 3 H l l

t< -'-l..



. .

· ·.·· '

-. :.

/

• ·. ..

.. .. 4 Memb::x·a of l l r . Ra..:ilin ' s st:lf tbe: n : : ; : . ; ; . ; : . : ~a ~ u ti 1 3 . v i n ~fcund

a bcok in O s. . . . : .a l d ~r.c::;c:;s i.cns wh i c 11 ~ c.:: ·t:.u.) lJi:te 'r.; c ~ 1 tcut g i v i . - ~

t he i : : : n p r e s ~ i c nt . : J ~t this m 5.g ; ~ tbav3 : o r ~ e dt : ~ ~i : :1~ ~ o r ~~ . ; yfo r a c i p i : . c ~

s y s t ~ \ . 1 T ~ ~ e ya s k ~ dn h c t h ~.' : i t : ? C i l l J C.·.; t : :-: . ; [ ; ~ J5n e :E c'1ir:ic n to s ~ n a .

t;lhl L""'o'r to t ;SJ · . io "'P·••i m · t · · ·.":\ " •--: ·• :·"" ci. : : . . i ' ···· ·· ·:v c:: . . ·7a = t>r-- r ~ r o- -" ' . - . 1. - \ l - ' T A r ~~ , _ ,, _ - · · · - t . - ·· ' " - · - - ~ . ....- - ~ i .

pnr.t£: A.:.Jcn cy fc:- L'us 2.11d , o r C e i t .. 0 ; J J: : - ; . 2 ~ .: ( ; d t : 1 ~ . . . t' . ; : , ~ ~ nt J 3. ~ ea s ..

G.one r e . f cr e r : ~ e: n : . . i g ~ tc..l.::;o ; - ; ~: i .; : . . ~ ~~ G~ i : airJ l ' t icn o.i ...e :;; C 3 ·,7 ~ 1 i . t . . .~ Gno tes

: ..• ;

. ·.·

~

.

·

F i l l · • . m c - - t o ~ , . . . . d f m ~ c r c d " " >\ ·. ~ ; ~l C l ' u·:w '·· -- ·• n ~ , . -: ... _ ,..: 1 · ·ta i f -L -. - 1 . - ~ • • . ~ - ... . _._. , ". - · \,; , , · --A .J .._. ... . , . ...w·-·- ~ .. · - · . , .

'.·

/~ ·



- ... ·.. . . : I........ ., . -... .

I .. '· . . . .· . · .-. - ~ · _ . ; · . . . . .. _.. . -2-

.

..

. .--:

~: · .. ·..

~. .

·= ...·

.

. . . .~ . '

l .·

con:unented on the fact t.h:li. Oswald had obt::t ned ez::;Jloyment in th iscount ry i n a p n c t o g r ~ i l i ci . i rm throu gh a .2us2i:U"1 friend. ::ie thcught_ ...-- 'this might have a possible 0e:u-ing on any c.lam:.estine c o ~ ~ u n i c : . i l i o o s

s y s t e m s he r:ll g ht have received irom tile Soviets. . . " ·~. . . I . : ~

· ....._ · · 5. Members of 11r. R:m.kin' s st:ai.f then commented en the tcsU-

. mony of l'r1rs . Oswald to~ " l e

eilect that. the la t ters f=om~ e r -

son regard- :ing his des i re to rerl.lr:::l to the u n i ~ dStclaa had t t e a p p e ~ a n c eoi being-· .dictated s ince they ccnb.L'12ci none oi his usual g:r::l.In.l:latic:::U e r r o r s ar.d . .used legz..l ~ c - u 2 . ; ewith '.7hlcn he would not have ~ e nf::u:aili.ar . . In t h i s· -~

connection, the Ia.ct t lat Lac Os-;nld \7rOta to the :Smb:::.ssy reques t inghelp in a r r ~ g i n ghis re tu rn to t le U.S. seen alter receipt by the Emressyof a telegram f rom tb.e : C · ~ p : J . r t m e c treporti lg on cor::.-e spotlcien c e ..-.'it l.Oswald 's ~ o t b e ~s e - a ~ e dto i:l ·i ica ts to : n s m ~ r : sof ),lr. : a . a n h " - ~ n ' sat:l.ff ·tbat the So7iet.s m i g t t ~ · ; enaa a.cce:::;a in snms I::'-£hion to th e c onten tsof the telagrnm. T: lay did r.ot believe i t was c o L " " l c i d e nt ~ J . . .t . ~a . t Cswald ' sle t ter to the Emb:lssy c:l.me immediately on tha heels cf the telegramr o m the J:ep lrt=lent. Thl3 l ad to a clisc lssion ci t.1a a p p e z . : a n c ~in the

press oi another talegram o r r e po r ~ , rom the Sr:1l:assy in ilio3cow tothe e p o . r t m e n t ~ ·· ·- 1 : . · 1r . Ran.idn said he would undcr t a re to cl t rUy thia.·. · ... . . . . : . . . .. -

:.:.'. 6. · 1:1r. Willems noted t ~ ~ - I r s. Os wald 1l.:ld i•1t.rcduced a state-. · ·ment to t.he ei.fect t.C:a.t she suzpectsd 1er Gon to b ~ a CT....A ngen:; l:Jir . ·,"Y1llems asked w h ~ c h e rin f ~ t Oswald hw i : > ~ en a CL\. ~ g e nt . $_/Art: o P ~ )

repl i ...,d t ~ " ' · a ~ •... .... .. no '- \'PQ l l ....._ · - :; · , ~ , . . , . ,... ~ h ( ' \ ' 1".:3 '-n d u· P ·l 'lrc .- - ; - ; : ~ · e. . y

"'"" ~ ... ~ \,;;;; lJ..r...l...\.4 S JA 1 - .J. . -..1.......4-:l t. - · ..... ~ .... _ . :1 _ . _ .. . ~

~ y _ 9 _ . L p r o v i n : 5thls . -., ~ / : / ; < . . E e J f i r s t r e m ~:red t.:"lnt in him and [d/:,: F FC ·.. t h e C o ~ . : : : 1 i ss i o nba.:.i . i:be t'.'.lO Cl:lr. desti>J •J S ~r . - 7 i cc ~ ofiic cr.B ·wto

certainly would kn ow -;?heth:r o:r not Cs,-,rald had c ~: : 'n : : : . . ~ngent ~ CL'J.in the Eoviet Unio Re then sru . "n::c ce C o : : : : . mi . s ~ ic i l ·; Jc· .d 12} C toaxe rus word I o r L1e i : tct th::.t Os-:vald had ;}Ot b-; :m ~ e n t . ?. · ~ Rr'nkin

ini:erioc ~ d the vi9w that oe Commission i:l:ld no t ::\d'JT)tod t i l ls nrc ce dur e~ ~

w i t ~other ~ n c i e sand v1on:: e:red ::vh.ether t::.ere · . · 1 ~ 3not so :le T - ~ Ytoclarify this p oi ~ t o o r e aiie c ti vo l ;" £or tb-; C c ~ - : 1 . i 3 s : :: m . C:1c c n ~ ~ : ; : c st i o n

he m..1.de to have ~ .. : r . Dulle.a, wh o i.3 i,11:ill.. .:1--...· '.7iG.'l. C ~. : . . .recm :d s ·procedure s , ra.,ie'.-v the m : J . . t ~ r : : Uv:hicb. w0uld no .r·x='.l..1.y l : ) b.cJ.d on. : : ? . . g ~ m ts

and re por t to the C o n ~ i s s i o n. _\ ~ mt : J ::r H < : t ; . . zg ; : ~· t i c nW':IS ~ o follc · .t t h ~

l e ad of l ' 1 ~.L-i r ec i:or o f the P.ti i 'rlho o :-y; ::. : d ~ aen ~ ~ i i i c ~, " i ~ Lto tlle Com -

. .....7 A Con ... ..1c -"b 1 0 -.art C 1 t \·o. n " ' ' = ' ~ q . , . . . . o : r:_ ....... , ,, , , ..... .-.in·c f a , ~ ·~ ·· ...,..dlt :) l . \ .4. .1. .. 1. . . _

~ ~ L u ..,,. ....,.\;;:(.. ..... ~ .k .... _ .. . .... ..._ _ • . :.. - •• ,_ • , _ . . . ~ . .

con s is ted of a r e ~ ; i e wby h.Lr . r ' . . a . " ' ~ ' n nand hi.r. s ~ rU o: t ~ ~ ; :~ p a~ n t . : : ~i r

i n v e s t~ : - . . t : o nto C... .ta . Tbey r . o t ~ cth:::..t t h ~ : . : r ~ o 5 t~; : : ~ ~ i ~: c : : - . . ~ ~g r . : ~ )~· > i lc ~ · e d

in the £1Ie.:·dc::m nb.a.se . Fo r e : r : l . , . . , . . n l ~. t ~ ~ c : . re nd ~ - ~· : : >~ · c c o r dc ~ 0 ;: : · . - . :~ d ' s. ...

• r . . . •

. . .•.

. ... . . .

.·. ... .

J... . -.··

L.J ... . .

·- -- .. . ·-.- .....

~ ..

·-·,. ------- - · --·--



l

~ -

- - - - - - - h

·.·

18 Apr i l 1974

MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief , S e c u r i t y Support Di\ i s i o n

SUBJECTLee Harvey OswaldI

1 . On 17 April_ g_z4, _ t he unders igned reviewed t heS e c u r i t y f i l e s I · per ta in ing to Lee Harvey Oswaldto determine i t t h e Ut±ice of Secur i ty has ever conductedany i nve s t i ga t i o n r ega rd ing him o r h i s murderer, Jack Ruby.This _yesea rch p ~ o j e ~ t ~ s undertaken ?ased on a e r b a~ ~ g ~ ~ s

2. Afte r reviewing the Oswald f i l e i t was asce r t a inedt h a t (tb e Office of Secur had rece ived informat ion c o n c e r n i n gOswald 's defec t ion to the ovie t Union from the Federa l Bureauo f Inves t iga t ion_J l i io r to 22 N o v e m b e r 1963 . t l ias a l s o a sce r-t a i n e d t h a t the Off i ce o f S e c u r i t y had searched i t s i n d i c e son b e h a l f o f the Federa l Bureau o f I n v e s t i g a t i o n t o de te rminei f we could f u r n i s h any informat ion on persons whose namescame to the a t t e n t i o n o f the Federa l Bureau o f I n v e s t i g a t i o ndur ing t h e i r inves t iga t ions in to the Kennedy and Oswald k i l lL1gsIn add i t ion , t he Secur i ty f i l e revea led t h a t i n f o r m a t i ~ nwhichcame to the a t t e n t i o n o f t h i s Agency through var ious sources 7

such as t he Domestic Col lec t ion Div i s ion and o u t s i d e c a l l s tothe Secur i ty Duty Off ice , regarding the deaths o f t h e P r e s i d e n tand h i s a l l eged a s s a s s in , was passed to t h e Federa l Bureau o fI n v e s t i g a t i o n as p o s s i b l e leads in t h e i r i nve s t i ga t i ve e f f o r t sH o w e ~ e rthe re was abso lu te ly no informat ion in the S e c u r i t yf i l e to ind ica te tn a t t h e f f ~ c eof Securi y ever ~ n ~ t ~ a t ean

n d e p e n d e n t1n y e s t j ga t ion inLo the dea t h o-f P r e s i d e n t Kenne yo r l e e Harver O ~ a l £ -

3 . With t he approval of / · - . ·· ·, the f i nd ingso f the aforementioned f i l e review weie t e l ephon i ca l l y p a s s e d to, . . . -

' t \vasby theOff ice

.emphasized t o t h a t t h e informat ion f u rn i shedunders igned p e r t a i n e d only to records ava i l ab l e t o theo f Secur i ty He was advised . ·



o f i n f o r m a t i o ~conce rn ing Lee Harvey s ~ a l d I t wasrecommended t h a t ~ r J · c o n t a c t [

\ to d e t e r n i n e \ has e v e r conduc ted anyi n v e s t i g a t i o n o f t h e i r m... n r e g a r d i n g OsHald o r Ruby o rknmv o f any o t h e r component i n t h e Agency Nho ~ h t h a v e

4 This d a t a i s f u r n i s h e d f o r y o u r i n fo rma t ion



~ ~ ~ ·from s o r t o f p a t t i n g u booby t r;.,1 1 • , , • •

b l o ws up imm e 9 i a t e l y . So t h e r a v c r e a

o pe r a t i o n s o f s u b ~ le s a b o t a g e _s o me o f t hem ~ t h

s u c c e s s f u l . But t h a t ' s t h e k i n d o f t h i n g t h a t t h e

Uni ted S t a t e s had i n mind a t t h a t t i m e .

10 YERS (V/0) Se v e n months a f t e r t h e Ba y o f P i g s , Pr e s i d e n t Kennedy

J FK ADDRE SA T UNIV. FWASHHJGT OI :

MO YI:R S : ( V/ 0

t r a v e l l e d t o S e a t t l e t o d e l i v e r a major f o r e i g n p o l i c y

a d d r e s s a t t h e Univ e r s i t y o f \ -Jashington .

He t a l k e d abou t t h e r u l e s o f conduc t t h a t l i m i t e d t h e

U n i t e d S t a t e s i n i t s f i g h t a g a i n s t communism.

We c a n n o t a s a f r e e n a t i o n , comp e t e w i t h o u r

adv e r s a r i e s i n t a c t i c s o f t e r r o r , a s s a s s i n a t i o n ,

f a l s e p r o m i s e s c o n t e r f e i t mobs: and c r i s e s · .

So P r e s i d e n t Kennedy spoke t o t h e n a t i o n on November

1 6 ; 196 1 .

But he was a l s o a t t h a t t i m e a p p r o v i n g O p e r a t i o n

M Q g o o s~ . . . t h e code na m e f o r t h e n e x t s t a g e i n t h e

CIA' s s e c r e t war on Cuba .

Th e name was r o m a n t i c . . . O p e r a t i o n Mo ngoose . . . b u t t h ~

t a c t i c s were n o t . They i n c l u d e d a l l o f t h o s e t h i n g s

t h e P r e s i d e n t hctd j u s t s a i d Am e r i c a d i d n o t do .

Th e r e had n o t been a n y t h i n g 1n t h e Ame r i c a n e xp e r i e nce

q u i t e l i k e t h e war on Cuba. To b e g i n w i t h , i t s a g a i n s

t h e law f o r t h e CIA t o r u n o p e r a t i o n s i n t h e U . S . But

t o d i r e c t i t s s e c r e t army, t h e a g e ncy c r e a t ed h e r e i n

Miu.mi t h e l a r g e s t CIA s t a t i o ~i n t h e w o r l d .-- -



_._ ·

_ ~ ~

.- ..

,- ~ · - _ · . : . _

.e;·

•.

\

·

- ... . ·• _,

· · ---- _

:

1:._



jl - - - ---·-- ·- - - ---- ---· - - - - · - - - - - - - - - -= :=c . - : : , . -=1:II

lHu~

'lIIIII

II

II

...

(..

AFFIDAVIT O F MARSHALL-S. C A RT E R

S TAT E O F VIRGINIA

s s .COUNTY O F FAIRFAX )

MAR S H ALLS. CARTER, be ing duly sworn , deposes a n d s a y s t h a the i s the Deputy D i r e c t o r of C e n t r a l In te l l igence , and t ha t b a s e d on h i sp e r s o n a l knowledge of the a ffa i r s of the C e n t r a l In te l l igence A g e n c y a n d ode ta i l ed inqu i r i e s of the off i ce r s wi th in the Cen t ra l In t e l li gence Agency whwould have knowledge about any r e l a t i onsh ip Lee Harvey O s w a l d m a y h a v e

had wi th tha t Agency, he c e r t i f i e s tha t :

Lee Harvey Oswa ld w a s not an agent , employee , o ri n f o r m a n t of the. C e n t r a l In t e l l i gence Agency;

the Agency n e v e r con tac t ed h im, i n t e rv i ewed h i m

t a lked with h i m , o r r e c e i v e d o r so l i c i t ed any r e p o r t s o ri n fo rma t ion f r o m h i m , o r communica t ed with h i m , d i r e c t l yo r i nd i r ec t ly, i n anY: o the r m a n n e r ;

the Agency n e v e r f u r n i s h e d h i m any funds o r m o n e y,

o r compensa t ed h im, d i r ec t ly o r i nd i r ec t ly, i n any f a sh ion ; \and

L e e H a r v e y Oswa ld was n e v e r a s s o c i a t e d o r c o n n e c t e d .

d i rec t ly o r i nd i r ec t ly, i n any way wha t soeve r wi th t he Agency

. .

= : : : - - - - - L .- - - = M A R . . , . . . , . = ' = s ' H A L : - : - : : , - , L : - - : : S : - . - C =E R

t

Subsc r ibed and sworn to th i s day of . . . , . . . . - - - : : - - :=- : - : , . - - , - - - , - -1964, b e f o r e m e , a Nota ry Pub l i c in and fo r the Sta te of Vi rg i n i a , b y t h es a i d M A R S H A L L S . CARTER, who i s pe r sona l ly known to me a n d h e du lyacknowledged to m e the execut ion of the foregoing i n s t r u m e n t .

Nota ry P u b l i c

M y commis_sion e x p i r e s - - - - - - - -



,

, -~ . \..

· . .-

( .· ,.

AFFIDAVIT O F RAY S._CLINE

) s s .COUNTY O F FAIRFAX )

RAY S . CLINE, being duly sworn , deposes and s a y s t h a t he i st he Deputy Direc to r fo r In te l l igence of t he C e n t r a l In t e l l i gence A g e n c y,and tha t b a s e d on his p e r s o n a l knowledge of the a ffa i r s of t he C e n t r a lIn te l l igence Agency and on de ta i l ed inqu i r i e s of t hose off i ce r s a n d e m p l o y ewith in h is s u p e r v i s i o n who would have knowledge about any r e l a t i o n s h i pL e e Harvey Os wa ld m a y have had wi th t ha t Agency, he c e r t i f i e s t h a t :

L e e H a r v e y Oswa ld was no t an agen t , e m p l o y e e , o ri n f o r m a n t of t he C e n t r a l In te l l igence Agency;

the Agency n e v e r con tac t ed h im, i n t e rv i ewed hi .m,t a lked wi th h i m o r r e c e i v e d o r so l i c i t ed any r e p o r t s o ri.nforn1ati.on f r o m h i m , o r communica t ed wi th h i m d i r e c t l yo r. i n d i r e c t l y, i n any o the r m a n n e r ;

he Agency n e v e r fu rn i shed hi.m any funds o r m o n e y

o r compensa t ed him, , d i rec t ly o r i n d i r e c t l y, i n any f a sh ion ;

a n d . .

L e e H a r v e y Oswa ld w a s n e v e r as-soc ia ted o r c o n n e c t e d ,d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y, i n any way w h a t s o e v e r wi th t h e A g e n c y.

- - - - = - = - ~ = - - ~ = =R AY s . CLINE

Subsc r ibed and sworn to t h i s day of-:---::-:=-., .--,----,;--. . . . ,-: ; ,----1964, b e f o r e m e a Nota ry Pub l i c in and fo r the Sta t e of Vi rg i n i a , b y t hes a i d R AY s . · CLINE, w h o i s pe r sona l ly known to m e and h e du ly Iacknowledged to m e the execut ion of the foregoing i n s t r u m e n t .

N o t a r y P u b l i c

~ y c o m m i s s i o n e x p i r e s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

(Seal)



,,)I

iIiI

...

A F F I D AV I T O F R O B E RT L . BANNERMAN

S TAT E O F VIRGINIA ): s s .

COUNTY O F FA I R FA X )

R O B E RT L . B A N N E R M A N , being duly sworn , deposes a n d s a y s

t ha t he i s the D i r e c t o r of S e c u r i t y of the C e n t r a l I n t e l l i gence A g e n c y, a n d

t h a t b a s e d o n his perso11< 1.l k n o w l e d g e of t h e a f f a i r s of the C e n t r a lI n t e l l i gen ce A g e n c y and o n de t a i l ed i nqu i r i e s of t hose o f f i c e r s a n d e m p l o y e e

wi th in h i s s u p e r v i s i o n who w o u l d have k n o w l e d g e a b o u t any r e l a t i o n s h i p

L e e H a r v e y Oswa ld m a y have h a d wi th t h a t Agency, h e c e r t i f i e s t h a t :

L e e H a r v e y Oswa ld w a s no t an agent , e m p l o y e e , o r

i n f o r m a n t of t h e C e n t r a l I n t e l l i gence A g e n c y ;

t h e A g e n c y n e v e r con t ac t ed h i m , i n t e r v i e w e d h i =t a l ked w i t h h i m o r r e c e i v e d o r so l i c i t ed any r e p o r t s o ri n f o r m a t i o n f r o m h i m o r c o m m u n i c a t e d wi th h i m , d i r e c t l y

o r i n d i r e c t l y i n any o t h e r m a n n e r ;

t h e A g e n c y n e v e r f u r n i s h e d h i m any funds o r m o n e y

o r c o m p e n s a t e d h i m 1 d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y in any f a sh ion ;

a n d

L e e E a r v e y O s w a l d w a s n e v e r a s s o c i a t e d o r c o n n e c t e d

d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y ~i n any way w h a t s o e v e r w i t h t h e A g e n c y.

- - - = = = = = - = . . . , - - - c : : : : - ~ = =R O B E RT L . B A N N E R M A N

S u b s c r i b e d a n d s w o r n to t h i s day o f . . . , . - - ~ = - - = - - =1964 , b e f o r e m ~ a N o t a r y Pub l i c i n and fo r t h e S t a t e of Vi r g i n i a b y t h es a i d R O B E RT L ~ · ·B A N N E R M A N , who i s p e r s o n a l l y k n o w n to m e a n d h e

d u ly a c k n o w l e d g e d to m e t h e execu t i on o f t h e fo r ego ing i n s t r u m e n t .

N o t a r y P u b l i c·

M y c o m m i s s i o n e x p i r e s - - - - - - - - -

Sea l )



. : : · .··.· : . ·

•.

-: :~

.

. . .( , . ' -<'

\.. ..

A F F I D AV I T O F RICHARD HELMS

s s .)

RICHARD H L M S ~be ing duly s w o r n , depose s and s a y s t h a t h e i sD e p u t y D i r e c t o r f o r P l a n s of the C e n t r a l In te l l igence Agency, . a n d t h a tb a s e d o n h i s p e r s o n a l knowledge of the a ff a i r s of t h e C e n t r a l I n t e l l i g e n c e

A g e n c y and on de t a i l ed i n q u i r i e s of t hose o ff i ce r s and e m p l o y e e s vri. thins u p e r v i s i o n who w o u l d have knowledge about any r e l a t i o n s h i p L e e H a r v e y

O s w a l d m a y h a v e h a d w i t h t h a t Agency, he c e r t i f i e s t h a t : -

L e e H a r v e y O s w a l d was no t an agen t ,in fon :nan t of t h e C e n t r a l I n t e l l i gence Agency;

e m p l o y e e , o r'

the Agency n e v e r con tac ted h i m in tervie ;ved h i m

t a l ked w i th h i m or. r e c e i v e d o r so l i c i t ed any r e p o r t s o ri n fo rma t ion f r o m h i m , o r c o m m u n i c a t e d w i t h h i m d i r e c t l y

o r i n d i r e c t l y n any o t h e r m a n n e r ; .

t he A g e n c y ~ e v e rfu rn i shed h i m any funds o r m o n e y

o r c o m p e n s a t e d h i m d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y i.n any f a sh ion ;

~ \ I

. L e e H a r v e y O s w a l d w a s n e v e r a s s o c i a t e d o r c o n n e c t e d

d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y i n any w a y w h a t s o e v e r w i t h t h e A g e n c y

- - - - = = ~ = ~ ~ : - : : : :R I C H A R D H E L M S

S u b s c r i b e d and s w o r n to t h i s d a y o f19 64, b e f o r e m e a N o t a r y P u b l i c i n and fo r t he Sta-:t-e-o 7f-:V=ir-g1..,-,-1.. -.a- , :b,-y__,th,

s a i d R I C H A R D H E L M S , who i s p e r s o n a l l y known to m e a n d h e du lyacknowledged to m e t he execu t i on of t h e f o r ego ing i n s t r u m e n t .


M y c o m m i s s i o n e x p i r e s

- - - - - - Seal)



: : •

.• ...- ·· ..... · ·:.. - :.

- ·

..i

: ·

·

t·

I

THE DRECTOR OF CENTRAL NTELLIGENCE

19 M a y 1964

D e a r M r. Rankin :

In r e s p o n s e to y o u r r e q u e s t , I a m e n c l o s i n g

· fo r the C o m m i s s io n s i n fo rma t ion m y a l f i d a v i t t _o t ~ e

e ff ec t t ha t ·L e e H a r v e y O s w a l d w a s no t a n a g e n t , e m -

p loyee o r i n f o r m a n t o f the C e n t r a l I n t e l l i g e n c e A g e n c y.

T h e H o n o r a b l e J . L e e Rank inG e n e r a l C o u n ~ e l

S i n c e r e l y

D i r e c t o r

P r e s i d e n t s C o m m i s s i o n on theA s s a s s i n a t i o n o f P r e s i d e n t Kennedy

200 M a r y l a n d Av e n u e N . E .

Wa s h i n g t o n D. C . 20002

_ _ _ _ .Q..,oeument-Number . 103 .8 - 4 0 5 0 . ·- · - - - . - - - - - - -

b r FOIA eview on S P 1976

II

0 ~ 0

:' ' ' .. . ..

. - .

:• . . . .. 0 : .: : ·

- : ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ;



~

•

I

- ... J.Od . ,...e;;:;:

c..O.

q

A F F I D AV I T O F -JOHN A . M c C O N E

S TAT E O F VIRGD. iL >. )s s .

COUNTY O F FA I R FA X )

JOHN A . McCONE, be ing duly s w o r n , d e p o s e s a n d s a y s t h a t h ethe D i r e c t o r of C e n t r a l In t e l l i gence , and t ha t b a s e d on h i s p e r s o n a lknowledge of the a f f a i r s of the C e n t r a l In t e l l i gence A g e n c y a n d on. d e t a i l ei n q u i r i e s h e c a u s e d to b e m a d e by the o f f i c e r s wi th in t h e Cen t ra l . ·In t e l l i gence Agency who would have knowledge a b o u t a n y r e l a t i o n s h i p L

H a r v e y O s w a l d m a y have had w i t h t h a t Agency, h e c e r t i f i e s t ha t : - · : 7

L e e H a r v e y O s w a l d w a s n o t an agen t ,info: ; :mant of t he C e n t r a l In t e l l i gence Agency ;

. . •

e m p l o y e e o r - ~

the A g e n c y n e v e r contac ted him . i n t e r v i e w e d h i m ~ _ · ---_ _-:

t a l k e d w i t h h i m o r r e c e i v e d o r s o l i c i t e d any r e p o r t s o r · ; :-

i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m h i m , o r c o m m u n i c a t e d w i t h hi .m, d i r e c t l y ·-\ -·

o r i n d i r : : u ~ ~ e : c ~ : e : : e : u : : : : : ;any funds o r m ~ n ~o r c o m p e n s a t e d h i m d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y i n a n y f a s h i o n ; ·: : :

a n d ' · · - : .,-- ----- ~ -~ : ~

L e e H a r v e y O s w a l d w a s n e v e r a s s o c i a t e d o r cor i i l ec ted , _d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y ·in a n y w a y w h a t s o e v e r w i t h t h e A g e n c y .

M c C O N E

S u b s c r i b e d and s w o r n to th1. 7 {" d a y o f - - r ~ ? · . ·.. :

1964, b e f o r e m e a N o t a r y P u b l i c i n a n d fo r t he S t a t e of Vi r g i n i a b y th

s a i d JOHN A . McCONE , w h o i s p e r s o n a l t y known to m e a n d h ~ d u l yacknowledged to m e t he execu t ion of the f o r e g o i n g i n s t r u m e n t .

(Sea l )


M y c o m m i s s i o n e x p i r e s ~ ' ' ' 5



Central lntelhgcnccAgency

WJ tngwn 0 C 20S05

Mr. Alan WebermanI n d e p e n d e n t Resea rc h A s s o c i a t e sPOB 2091New York, New York 10013-2091

R e f e r e n c e : F93-0888

Dear Mr . Weberman:

5AUG 993

T h i s i s t o acknowledge r e c e i p t o f t h a t p o r t i o n o f y o u r2 1 J u n e 1993 l e t t e r I t e m 11) where in you p r o v i d e d t h eb i o g r a p h i c i n f o r m a t i o n r e q u e s t e d r e g a r d i n g your 19 A p r i l 1 993Freedom o f I n f o r m a t i o n Act FOIA) r e q u e s t f o r r e c o r d sp e r t a i n i n g to James F o r r e s t a l .

Now t h a t you have p r o v i d e d t h e r e q u i r e d i n f o r m a t i o n andyou have a g r e e d t o pay a p p l i c a b l e f e e s we have a c c e p t e d y o u rr e q u e s t which w i l l be p r o c e s s e d i n acc o r d a n c e w i t h t h e FOIA,5 U.S .C . § 552, as amended, and t h e CIA I n f o r m a t i o n A c t ,50 U . S.C . § 431. Our s e a r c h w i l l be f o r documents i n e x i s t e n c eas o f and t h rough t h e d a t e o f t h i s a c c e p t a n c e l e t t e r .

The heavy volume o f FOIA r e q u e s t s r e c e i v e d by t h e Agency

has c r e a t e d d e l a y s i n p r o c e s s i n g . S i n c e we canno t r e spondw i t h i n t h e 10 work ing days s t i p u l a t e d by t h e Act , you have t h er i g h t to c o n s i d e r t h i s a s a d e n i a l and may a p p e a l t o t h e CIAI n f o r m a t i o n Review Commit tee . I t would seem more r e a s o n a b l ehowever, to have us c o n t i n u e p r o c e s s i n g y o u r r e q u e s t andr e s p o n d as soon as we can . You can a p p e a l any d e n i a l o fr e c o r ds a t t h a t t i m e . U n l e s s we h e a r from y ou o t herw i s e wew i l l assume t h a t you a g r e e and we w i l l p r o c e e d o n t h i s b a s i s .

I n f o r

S i n c e r e l y

John H. Wrigi o n and P r i v a c



Central Intelligence gency

Mr. Alan WebermanI n depen d en t R e s e a r c h A s s o c i a t e sPO 2091New York, New York 10013-2091

R e f e r e n c e : F93-0888

Dear Mr. Weberman:

3 P 994

T h i s i s a f i n a l r e sponse t o your 19 A p r i l 1993 Freedom o fI n f o r m a t i o n Act (FOIA) r e q u e s t f o r r eco rds p e r t a i n i n g t oJames F o r r e s t a l . Your r e q u e s t was p r o c e s s e d i n acco rdan c e wi tht h e FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552, and t he CIA In fo rma t ion Act ,50 U.S.C. § 431. Our p r o c e s s i n g i n c l u d e d a s e a r c h f o r r e c o r d si n e x i s t e n c e as o f and t h rough t h e d a t e o f our a c c e p t a n c el e t t e r d a t e d 25 August 1993.

We c o n d u c t e d a t h o r o u g h and d i l i g e n t s e a r c h of our r e c o r d ssys tems f o r m a t e r i a l p e r t a i n i n g t o t h e s u b j e c t o f your r e q u e s tand were on ly a b l e t o l o c a t e one document c o n s i s t i n g o f 31pages as p r e v i o u s l y r e l e a s e d . The document , a copy o f which i se n c l o s e d was o r i g i n a l l y l o c a t e d by ano the r agency as a r e s u l to f i t s s e a r c h f o r r e c o r d s on a n o t h e r s u b j e c t and r e f e r r e d t o

t h i s agency f o r rev iew and subsequen t r e l e a s e .

The t o t a l c o s t s i n c u r r e d i n t h e p r o c e s s i n g of your r e q u e s tamounted t o 57 .40 c o n s i s t i n g o f 3 o n - l i n e computer s e a r c h e s a t

11 .00 each , t o t a l i n g 33 .00 ; hour o f p r o f e s s i o n a l s e a r c ht ime a t 18 .00 pe r hour, t o t a l i n g 18 .00 ; 1/2 hour o f c l e r i c a ls e a r c h t ime a t 10 .00 pe r hour, t o t a l i n g 5 .00 ; and 1/4 hour o fa r c h i v e s e a r c h a t 5 .60 per hour t o t a l i n g 1 .40 . As ar e q u e s t e r i n t he a l l o t h e r c a t e g o r y you a r e e n t i t l e d t o t h ef i r s t two hours o f s e a r c h t ime o r e q u i v a l e n t ( 36 .00) f r e e o fc h a r g e . Since t h e number o f pages r ep roduced from ou r sy s t e mo f p r e v i o u s l y r e l e a s e d m a t e r i a l does no t exceed t h e 100 pagef r e e a l l o t m e n t t h e r e a r e no r e p r o d u c t io n c h a r g e s . T h e r e f o r e

your t o t a l cha rges a r e 21 .40 . P l e a s e send your check or moneyo r d e r i n t h e amount o f 21 .40 t o me made payab l e t o t h eT r e a s u r e r o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s c i t i n g Refe r ence No. F93-0888 toe n s u r e p r o p e r c r e d i t t o your accoun t .



F i n a l l y t h e CIA was n o t c r e a t e d u n t i l 1947 and m a t e r i a lp r i o r t o 1947 would be c o n t a i n e d i n t h e r e c o r d s o f t h e O f f i c eo f S t r a t e g i c S e r v i c e s OSS). The m a j o r i t y o f t h e CIAp r e d e c e s s o r h o l d i n g s have been t u r n e d o v e r t o t h e N a t i o n a lA r c h i v e s and Records A d m i n i s t r a t i o n NARA) as we have beens y s t e m a t i c a l l y r e v i e w i n g a l l o f o u r OSS h o l d i n g s o f o p e r a t i o n a l

f i l e s w i t h a view t o t u r n i n g as much a s p o s s i b l e o v e r t o NARA.This r ev iew has been c o m p l e t e d . T h e r e f o r e you may a l s o w i s ht o s u b m i t your r e q u e s t t o N R a t t h e f o l l o w i n g a d d r e s s :

M i l i t a r y R e f e r e n c e BranchTe x t u a l R e f e r e n c e D i v i s i o n

N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s and Records A d m i n i s t r a t i o nRoom l3W, A r c h i v e s B u i l d i n g

7 t h and P e n n s y l v a n i a Avenue, N.W.Washington , D.C. 20408

We a p p r e c i a t e y o u r p a t i e n c e and u n d e r s t a n d i n g d u r i n g t h ep e r i o d r e q u i r e d t o p r o c e s s t h i s r e q u e s t .

E n c l o s u r e



Prepared bya

The Office t General Counselentral Inte l l iaence Aaency

DEX LASSIFIID B Y : ~ o ~ ? L i l . . L 7 2 5 o l . . i l . . _ _

~ = ~ 2 ~ ~ A p ~ r ~ ~ · l ~ l ~ 9 ~ 8 7 ~

·



B X ~ I C A lBAOCGROtnm OF rBE CEJmW. IJI'l'ELLIO RCE AGDiCY

Tbi1 paper; a atudy or the bi1tory or the Central Intelltaenee Agency,1ncludin& pertinent material• on World War I I intelligence orsaDi&atioDI andplaDI tor the po1tvar era, hal 'been prepared by the ot t ce o t Oeaeral Counsel,Central Intelligence Agency, a• an a id to the bet te r under•tandins or thepre s ent 1tructure and tunctionr ot the Agency. While the ODited S t a t u base n g ~ g e din intelligence ac t iv i t i e l Iince i t • rounding, i t va1 not unt i l theev e nt• or the e ~ l y1940's a h ~ v e dthe need tor an efficient , taat-movingi nt elligence 1ervice, that 1ucb ao organization on a goveramentvide baai&v a~ conceiTed and deYdoped. ~ b er u u l t l or thi1 effort culminated in the

ormation o t the Ceutral Intelligence Agency.

WCJU.D W R I I

Coc rdinator o t Information

The events vb1cb foretold ~ e advent o the second vorld var providedthe 1mpetua tor forming a number or G o v e r n m ~ o torganizations vbich l a t e raerved as the foundation tor the United State• intelligence act iTity duringthe var. By an Executive Order elated 8 Septembe :: 1939, Presideat FranklinRoosevelt proTided tor an o r t ~ etor emergency management "1D tbe eTent or anational emergency or t.he .threat or one. Such an off ice vas 1ubaequentlyeetablished on 25 May 1940. By an administrative order or 7 anuary 1941,the Unction• or the office vere modified and further defined and includedadvising and aasiating tbe President in time or emergency, coordinatinge mergency a ~ t i v i t i e sor the Government and informing the President as to the

Yarioua agencies' progress in emergency matters.

Six month• l a t e r, the forerunner or a centralized intelligence 1ervic eva s establ ished under the Coordinator or Information. William J Donovanvas ~ e to the ~ a i t i o n He had authori ty trom President Roosevelt to :

"Collect and analy:e a l l information and data, vb1ch may bear uponnational • ~ c u r i t yto correlate 1uch information and data, and tomake auch information and data available to the President and tosuch d e p a r t m e ~ t •and agencies aa the President may determine,and to carry out, vhen requested by the President, uch supplement a ry act iv i t ie l as may fac i l i ta te the securing o informationimportant for national securi ty oot nov available to the Government."

The Coordinator ot Information vas to have access to information and data v1 th inthe varioua departments and agencies but be vas not._ to interfere vi th or i mpairthe dutiee and reaponsibi l i t iea or the Preaident 's regular • i l i t a r y and nava ladVis er s . To ass i s t him, the Coordinator could appoint committees of re p r es ent -at ives ot the varioua department• and agenciea. Colonel DonoTan vaa to re ceiveno compensation but vas ent i t led to transportation eubaiatence and other

-



ident ical ~ n a e a Under hia broad mandate, the Coordinator o t Informationbegan to build an oraan1zation capable of producing intel l igence neceasary torthe eucceaatul e ~ 1 n gout of the var effort .

Office 6f Strategic SerTieea

In lea• than a Je&r, on 13 June 1942, by a i l i t a ry order, the Prea1dentabolithed the Office o t Coordinator of Information and eatabliahed the Officeo t S t r a t ~ g i cSerTicea (OSS) vhicb operationally came under tbe Juriadictionor the Joint Chief• o t S ta t t . OSS's mandate vaa to

a. Colbct and analyte tucb atrategic information may ber e ~ u i r e dby the ~ n i t e dStates Joint Chief• of Staff ; and

b. Plan and operate tucb 1pecial 1ervtce as may be directedby the United State• Joint Chief• ot Star t .

William J Donovan vaa appointed by the Preeident as Director o t StrategicServices under tbe direct ion and e u p ~ r v i e i o no t tbe United State• JointChief• of Sta t t . •

OSS vaa allowed certain privileges in conducting i t t operations tuch aaentering into contract• vi thout regard to t h ~ provteion& of lav relat ing tothe making, performance, amendment, or modification of contracts . (ExecutiveOrder 9241, 1 September 1942.) Alec i t vaa imperative in performing certaino t the wartime :tunctioo.e o t OSS tha t la t i tude be granted in the expenditure offunds. I t vas announced policy of OSS to employ ordinary TOucbered JDOneysvbenever pract icable. When, hovever, 1uch uae vould have gravely impeded theeffect ive prosecution of the program directed by the Joint Chief• of Sta t tOSS bad the authority to reeor t to tucda expendable v1thout regard to lavare la t ing t the expenditure of Government funds. For example, i t vould have

been most d i ff i cu l t t o have performed many of the peculiar functiooa of OSSunder mandatory compliance vi th lava or regulation• concerning employmentp r ~ c e d u r e ,annual and eick leave, dual compensation, tbe purchase of motorvehicles, the employment of al iena, the retaining of invest igators , or theeecuring of laborer• or other personnel in various foreign countr iet .

The General Accounting Office vae vi l l ing to accept voucbere thoving theexpenditure of tunda by OSS for 1uch purpoae1 providing tha t i t vaa atated~ h a tauch expenditure• vere necessary in tbe performance of i te peculiarfunctions in dieregard of ex11t1n& lav and regulation. 'l'be Rational WarAgency p p r o p r i a ~ i o nAct of 1945 (P.L. 372 01 i t pertained to OSS read asfol lovs:

• s . t a r i ee and expeo.eee: For a l l expenaee oeceuary to enablethe Office of Strategic Service• to carry out 1te tunctiooa andact1vtt1et , including 1alar1ee of Director a t 10,000 per annum,one aeeietant director and one deputy director a t 9,000 per annum

. /



--each; procurement of neceaaary aervicea, aurPliea and equipmentY1thout regard to aection 3709, Rertaed Statutea; travel expenaes,including expenaea outaide the Ub1ted S t a t u Yithout regard to theStandardi&ed Government Travel Regulation• and the SubaiatenceExpenae AC't of 1926, aa amended (5 u.s.c. 821-833)A aad aJl aeneral

prortaion t r the f i lcal 7ear 1945 to the contraryJ preparation andt ranaportat ion of the remaina of officer• and nployeea vbo dieabroad or in t n n a i t wb1le in tbe dilpatcb of ~ e i roff ic ia l duties,to tbe1r former bomea in this country or to a p J ~ c e oot .ore diatantfor interment, aDd for the ordiD4 ')' expenaea of o : ~ : ' hinterment;rental of nevareporting aervicea; puz;chaae of c•r aub scription tocommercial and trade reports; the rendering of e u~ h gratuitouseervicea and tbe diepoaition, tree or otherviee, or such ~ t e r i a l

a1 the Director deem• advisable; purchaae or rental and operationo f photographic, reprodu ction, duplicating and printing machines,equipment, and devices and radio-receiving and radio-lending equiplllent and devicea; aaintenance, operation, repair and hire of motorpropelled or boraedravo peuenger-ce.rrytng nhiclea at:.d Tellela ofa l l k1D4a; printing and binding; exchange t tunda vitbout regardto 1ection 3651, Revieed Statute• (31 u.s.c. 543); purcha"e andt r ee diatribution of firearme, guard uniform., epecial clothing,and other peraooal equipment; the coet of a coapartaent or euchother accommodation• ae may be authorized br ·tbe Director foraecuri y vben authorized personnel are requUoed to t r t u ~ p o r t

aecret doeumenta or band baggage containing bigblf technical andn luab l e ~ q u i p m e n t ;7 of vbich amount auch D aa u ybe authorized by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget may bet rauaferred to other departments or agenciea of the Government,ei ther a l advance payment or reimbureement of appropriation, forthe performance of any t the tunctiona or actiT1t1ea tor vbicht h i l appropriation i1 111ade: PROVIDED, That $37,000,000 of tbiaappropriation ~ ~ ybe expended vithout r e g ~to the proviaiona of

lavGod

regula iona relating to the expend ture of Govt'rnmentfundi or the employment of pereotl4 in the Government aervice, and$35,000,000 t euch $37,000,000 may be expended for obJect• of aconfidential oature, 1uch expenditure• to be accounted for solelyon the certif icate of the Director of the Office of StrategicServices and eTery auch cer t i f icate 1hall be deemed a 1utficientTOueher for the amount therein cer t i f ied.

The Director of OSS enJoyed the confidence or the Congreea in managing the41apoa1t1on of confidential tunds aa can be 1een by reading over the hearingsbefore the lubcomm1ttee on appropriation of the 78th Congreee, 2d Seaaion.

Plana for a Po•tvar National Intelligence Agency

Over a year before the var 'a end, ·atud1ea vere UDdertaken v1th1n OSSconcerning the concept of a permanent, c e n t r a l ~ ~ dintel l igence aervice forthe United Statea Government . Arter a e v ~ r a lmontba or atudy 1 a documentent i t led ~ Baa1a t r a Permanent United Statea Foreign Intelligence

. /



SeTTice,• wat drafted vbich Geueral Donovan pretented to Pretident Rooteveltaround 10 October 1944. 'be Pretident returned the paper on 31 October v i thtbe coliDent that au adT11er bad lnto:naed the Prtl1deut tbat bet ter andcheaper 1atell18ence 171 tn than General Donovan ha4 cteT11ed v u pou ib le .he Prelideut, boveTH', eked that General Donovan continue h h work on

po1t-var t .ntelliaenct orpnisa t icu . Several day• 'before i t 4eath, M r

R o o u n l t requu .ted General Dononu t o c a l l •eet ina t 1Dter11ted aaenciestor the i r 1uagettiou. • to the propoaed centralized intelllaence aer?tce.•

. he 10 October document contained much t the 'baaic acbeme Vbicb· n n t ~_ accepted t r the Central Intt-ll iaence Aaency. General DonoT'a 1

wrote that aD oraan1ut1on vas needed "vbich v i l l trocure intelliaence 'both'b7 o n r t and c o n r t •ethods and v i l l a t the a u e tilDe provide iutel l iaencesu1daoce, 4eteraine a.ational intelligence o 'bJec thu aDd correlate thelntel l iaence a a t e r i a l ~ o l l e e t e d'by a l l Government agene1e1.•

Based on b i l experience, General Donovan ad'fbed that the ettabliabA ntt United State• 1ntelliaence agency be aoverned b7 ten principle•:

l . ha t i t 1hould be central o n r a l l Foreign IntelliaeuceSerTice vbich (except tor tpecialized intelligence pertinent tothe operation• t the Armed Services and certain other Governmentaaenciee) could eerve obJecti-,ely and 1mpartiall1 the n ~ t thediplomatic, mili tary, economic and propaganda aervice t tbe Go•ern~ ~ e n t

"2 . 'l'bat tuch SerTice 1hould not operate c l n d e s t i n e ~

v i hin tbe United States.

"3· bat i t ahould have no policy function and ahould notbe ident if ied vith any lev-enforcing agency ei ther a t bome orabroa.i.

"4. ·That the operat1on.a t such Service ahould be primarilythe collection, analy111, and dissemination t intelligence on thepolic7 or 1trategy level .

. "5. 'l'bat 1uch a Service thould be under hip:,bly qualifiedd i r c ~ t o rappointed b7 the President and be adminiatered underPresidential direction.

"6. That, aubJect to the approval t the Preaident, tbepoliCJ t auch Service 1hould be determined by the Directorv i h the adrtce and auiet&Dce t board on vbich the Department

t State and tbe Armed Service• ahould be repreaented.

"7. bAt aucb Service chargei v1th collecting intelligencea t t e r ~ 1 n gnational 1ntereata and detenae ehould have i t t ovn aeatl.l

t commuuieation and ahould be reapooa1ble tor a l l aecret act i ' f i t ieal l l e h u :



(al S.e r. t S n t e l l ~ e n c e(b C o u o t e r e ~ 1 0 D S e •

( c C r J p t o - e n a ~ 1 • .(d Claud 1ne 1ubnr11n o p e r a t i o n ~

•a bat 1ueh a Serrtce be operated on both wueberect ndu n ~ u c b e r e d~

9. ' 'bat 1uch a e r v i c e ~a 1 t a t t t 1peelal1l t l protea-11ouall:r trained in aualyall t S.atell1aence and poueuing ahtah degree t l iuguiat ie , regional or tunet1onal competence toevaluate 1nco.ina intelligence 1 to aake 1pecial reporta, and toproTide cutdance tor tbe collecting branchel t the Government.

•10. t 11 DOt neceua.ry t o create a new aaenc7. 'lbenucleut t auch an orsantzation already ex1ata tn the Ottice t

Strates1c Serrtce1.•

On 18 •ovember 1944, General DoDOTan 1ubmttted a aemorand1 11 to thePruident vbicb empbatiled that • intel l taence control be ret\lr1le4 t o the1upervil1on t the Prel1dent, • and that the "ettablhbment t a centralauthori ty reportioa d i r e c t ~to you /_the Pr dfiDf/ i t h reapon.lib1l1t:r totrame intelligence obJective• aDd to collect and coordinate the intelltaenceaa te r i a l required by the Executive Branch tn plann.ioa and carrying outnational polie:r and 1trates:7. •

A draf t directive vaa al to torvarded to the Preaident Ybicb detailed theprinciple• 1et out S n the 10 October document and added eeveral nev propo•al•a• tu:Dct1ooa and dut1e1 t the propoaed aaenc:r 1nclndi'Q8S "Coordination t

the tucct1oDI t a l l i n t e l l i g ~ n c eagenciel t the Government • • • collect ion,ei ther directly or tbrousb exiat1ng Government Departcenta and ageneiea, t

pert inent information • • •J procurement, t rainina and 1uperviaion t 1t•intelligence peraonnel; aubveraive operation• abroad, and determination t

pol ic ie l tor and coordination t t ac i l i t i ee euen t ia l to the collection t

1ntol"'D&t1on." The DoDOvan plan alao recosntzed the eletDent t aecrecy neceaeary to the 1ucceaatul operation t an intelligence o r g ~ n i z a t i o nin tha t theDirector v a ~ to have authority "to employ nece11ary p e r • o ~ n e land make proTieton t o r necessary 1u pplie1, t ac i l i t i ea , •nd aervice•" and be ~ 1 providetor the internal orsanilation and manasement • . • • in 1uch aanner be caydetermine."

'l'be Donovan propo1al va1 tent to various o t t i c i a l l and the Joint Chief•t r comment. Varioue counter p r o ~ a a l avere made aDd on 24 -JauU&ry, the JointStrategic Surve;r Committee aubmitted a report t o the Joint Cbieta t Sta t t ,wbicb vaa buie&lly the DoDOvan Plan Yitb reT1110DI and refinement•. b i areport vaa then uaed · aa the Joint Cbiete t 8 t t t t •por t vbich v u dated19 September 19t.5, over a aontb a.tter the var h d eu4ed.

The dl ·a t t direeti ' le 1 1\l>m1tted b7 the Joint Cb1ete, eal.led t r a • u o n a l

Intelligence A u t ~ ~ i t : rcompoae4 b t the Secretariea t State, Var and avy and

~



repreaentati•e o t the Joint Cb1eta ot Star r vb1cb to be re•ponaible t o ro•era l l intelligence plann1us and development, 1napeet1on and coordination ota l l teJeral intelligence act iTit ie1 and vaa to ure the . oa t et tect1ve accompl1ahment or the intelligence • i u i o n related to ~ e ,..-tional. ur i ty. AC e ~ t r a lIntelligence Agency vi tb a director a p p o~ o t e d by tbe Prea1deot va1 tobe reapJnaible to the l lA and a1111t i t in i t a M 1 a ~ o n D IDtelli&ence Adviaory Board made up or the beads or the principal •111tary aDd eiTil1an ase lcieah.lvius functions related to the national 1ecurity va• to adTiu the Directoro t Central Intelligence.

'l'b Dl >oovan Plan undoubtedly had a great deal o t influence on the Jo in tCbiefi even thouah they cr i t ic ized i t becauae tbe organization te propoledwould "o•ercentralize the national intel l igence 1erT1ce• vitbout compeoaatiQ6ad.antages and "place i t a t 1ucb a high level tha t i t vould control the operat ion ot departmental intel l igence agenciea, vithout relponaibi l i ty, ei therindiYidually or col lee t i .e ly, to the bead• or department• concerned."

Various propo1al1 by the Joint Cbiefa indicate tha t the organizationthey envinged vould oot be an undertaking vbicb vould re1ul t in a "tooradical reorganization vi tb the at tendant di1turbance o t the present i n t e ll igence 1et-up." While accepting coordination by la t ional Intel l igenceAuthority, the Joint Cbieta recommended tha t the exil t ing intel l igence a g e ~ : i e s

abould continue to function. 'Ibeir producta, bovever, were to be t ree lyavai lable to the Central Intelligence Agency tor eyntbeoi•, and the o ~ r a t i o n s

or the departmental intel l igence agenciea were to be open to inspection by theA g e n ~ yin aupport o 1t1 planning f ~ c t i o n n tbie connection, the intereat ingJ-braee •protect ion or intel l igence eourcea and method• va• used. n the dra t tdi rec t ive immediately tolloving the l tatement tha t operationa or the departlltnt&l intel l igence agencie1 were to be open to the Agency, the rolloving aent en :e appeared: "In the interpretat ion o tbia paragraph, the llational n t e l -

l igence Authority and the Central Intelligence A g e n ~wil l be re•pona1ble t o rt u l ly protect ing intel l igence aources and metboda, which due to t he i r nature,have • direc t aDd highly 1mport&nt beuing on a1lit&rJ operationa."

Secretary o the llavy, Jazces Forreatal , con•1dered the Joint Cbiere o

s t a r r p a p e ~"•oundly conceived and in a memorandum t o the Secretary o Waron 13 October 1945 euggested tha t the proposal tor federal intel l igence agencyabould be puabed •v1goroualy a t the White Bouse.• Shortly tberea.tter, A.uiatant

e e r e t ~Lovett vaa placed in charge or a com1ttee in the War Department t o

etudy the matter and proTide r e c o m m e n d a t i o n ~vbicb could be uaed aa a baeia fordiecu.ssiona vi tb the Secretaries or Sta te , War and llavy vho bad already 1utor~ ~ & l l 1l iecuased a nat ional intel l igence o r g a n i ~ t i o a

A1 ter CODJI1der1ng the TieVI aDd OpiDiODI or creat aany people experi

enced in wartime intel l igence, the Lovett Co111111ittee eub11itted a report to theSecretary o r Var vbicb presented the c u e tor centralized nat ional i n t e l -11gence o r g a n i ~ t 1 o nYery e1m1lar to tha t in the Joint Cbtere or s t a r r reporteuba1tted ai.x weeki previoualy. The Lovett Co111111ittee report eerTed b u i l

tor the reco111111endatioa t o the Pre•ident tor the eatabli1bment o t nat ional1 n t ~ l l 1 g e n c eorganiration vb1cb vas tubmitted on 7 January 1946 b y the S e c r ~ -

t & r i u or .State, War aDd Bevy. A State Dep&rtment propo1al tha t the i a t e l -

/



. .

l i senee a a ~ c c y4rav t t l tunda tram the departaenta part ic ipat ing in thel a t i ona l Intel l iaence Authority rather than trom au '1D4ependent budaet vasthe oul7 - J o r chaos• 1ucol'J'Orated 1u the Lovett C o a ~ it t e e r • r t

UDder aect tou 17 o t the o r ~ i a a l .State Dep&l'tMnt ~ l a o t\m4.a to r theooD4uet o t 1utell1sence operations by the l a t tona l Intel11sence Authority,aa 4iat1net troa thoae operattoDI conducted by t h ~ tndiTidual asenctea, vouldbe proTided b7 the 4ep.rtmenta aDd agenciea partictpatiQ& to auch operatioDI.'l'be amounta aa4 proport1ona to be a&reed to by the part ic tpat ios a a ~ n c i e a

woul4 be based on the reaponaibi l i t iea aDd capabil1tiea o t thoae asenciea.'he State Depe.rtmeut aabm1tte4 a reTised plau l a t e r to December iu which i t

w.a atated t ha t "the Sta te Department atron&17 b e l t e n a • • • tha t uindependent bu.S&et to r the Central Agency ahould be aTOided tor aecar1t7reaaon.e. Siuce pauaae o t the Independent Otticea Appropr1at1ona Act, 1945(Publ ic Lav 358, 78th Concre11), a nondepartmental aaeoer vi thout au inde-pendeut ~ e t appeara to be apo11ib le . "

In t h e i r t i aa l reeo•enc at1oDI to the Pre l ideu t , the Secretariea o t

St:ate, Var a d Ja-yy a p p a r e u t ~a&reeina vi th the State e ~ e n tpropoaal•Ua&eated tha t tund1 t o r the Ja t iona l I n t e l l ~ e n c eAuthority be proTided bythe p&rt1ctpat1na departaenta in the amount aDd proportion• agreed apon by•ember 1 ot the A•.athor1 ty. b e Director ot the Central Intelligence Ageuey,Wlder the Authori ty would 'tie a b l \ ~to employ uece11a17 peraonnel aDd u.ke~ r o v i e i o n et o r ueceaaary a u p p l i e ~t a c i l i t i e a and aerTicea" vi th in the l imi t •ot the tunda made a n i l a b l e .

The Central Intel l igence O r o ~

be Ja t iona l Iutell1&enee Authority aDd the Central Inte l l igence Qroupvere tormallJ authori&ed by a Preaident1al Directive dated 22 JanU r,Y 1946.Two dit terencea between the

r e c o m m e n d a t i o n ~o t the Secretariea and thePrea ident ia l D1rect1n •.re ot l igni t icance. Paragraph l imited CIG to

iuveetig' ltion.a 4:>utlide t h e cont inental l1m1te o t the 'United Statea and 1teposaeae1ons except as provided to r by lav and President ial Directives. Para-graph 10 b r o a d e n ~the responsibi l i ty o t IIA aDd the Director ot CentralIn te l l t sence tovard protect ing intel l igence sourcea u d aethoda. u or1gina1lycontemplated, tbe·reapoDiibi l i tJ in t h i s t i e U vas con.t1ned to protect ing1ource1 and methods v i th vb1ch the Central n t e l l ~ e n e eDirector became famil-i a : iL iu .pect ion aaene1e• e a p e ~ i a l l 7tho 'e bearing on •111tary operatioDI.Tbe Prea iden t ia l Directive touched upon the queation o t a p p r o p r i a t i ~ n •on ytu the t i r a t a e n t e n e ~ot Paragraph 2 .

Text o t D r e ~ t T e- 22 Januarz 1946

l . I t 11 II Y des i re , and I hereby di rec t , tha t l l tede:n.lforeign intel l igence ac t iv i t i e s be planned, developed and coordina-t e d ao aa t o aaaure the ~ • t e t f e ~ t i v eaccompl1ahment o t the i n t e l -l igence m1esion re la ted to the national aecur1ty. I hereby d e a i g n a t ~

· '

- - - -



) Ci - [Sec.retarie• o t State, V r aDd lavi} toaetber Yitb another penonto be named by •e a1 per1ooal r e p r e a e n t a t i ~ ethe lat ional In te ll igence Authority to accoaplilb tb ia purpo1e.

2. Vi t b h the U.11i t o t available a p p r o p r i a t 1 o ~ a aJO'-' bal lec.eb, troaa t1Jie to tilDe, au ign p e r • o ~ a aand tac1li t1el t ro l l JOurreapectlve department•, vbieb peraon1 1hall c o l l e c : t l n ~form aCentral Intelligence Oroup and aba l l , 'nder the 41rec:t1on o t aDirector o t Central Intelligence, aaai1t the la t iooal IntelligenceA'-'tbority. The Director o t Central Intelligence 1ball be deaigoatedby • e 1ball be reaponaible to the Katiooal Intelligence Authority,and 1ball l i t a• a nonTOtin •ember thereof.

3. Subject to the ex11t104 lav and to the direction andcontrol o t the •a t ioaa l Intelli&ence Authority, the Director otCentral Intelligence 1balla

a. Accompliab the correlat ion and lftl'-'&tioo otintelligence r d a t l o a to the national ••curi ty, and theappropriate d i u n i o a t i o n Y1th1n the GonrJDent o t theresul t ing atrategic and national polic7 intelligence. In1 0 doing, t u l l nee aball be zade o t the at t t and tac i l -1tiea o t the intelligence agencies o t JOur departments.

b. Plan tor the c ~ o r d i n a t i o no t 1'-'ch o t the a ~ t i v i t i e s

o t the intelligence agenciea o t your d e ~ e n t relate tothe national 1ecurity and recommend to the Rational IntelligenceAuthority the e1tabliahment o t auch over-al l policies andobjectives a1 v i l l assure the most e t t e c t i ~ eaccomplishment o t

the national intelligence million.

c. Perform, tor the benefi t or 1ald intelligenceagencies, 1uch 1ervicea o t common concern aa the lat ionalIntelligence Authority determines ean be acre eff icient lyaecompllahed central ly.

d. Pertol 'l 1uch other function• and dutiea related tointel l igence atteet log the national aecurit7 & I the Presidentand the Rational Intelligence A'-'thority aay trom time to timedirec t .

•4. lo police, lav enforcement or internal aecurity tunctiona ~ b a l l

be e x ~ r c i a e dunder t h i l . d i r e ~ t i T e .

5• Such intelligence received by the intelligence agenciea o t yourdepartments a1 may be deaignated by the la t ional Intelligence Authority• b l l be t reely aT&ilable to the Director o t Central Intellisence torcorrelat ion, evaluation or diaaemination. To the extent approved by theJat ional Intelligence Authority, the operation• o t 1aid intel l igenceagenciea 1ball be open to 1napection by thr. Director o t Central In te lligence in connection vi tb planning tunctiona.

. /



•6. The exhtiQ& intelligence ~ e n c i e at )"0\U' department.abal l continue to col lect , eTaluate, correlate ao4 diaaemiuatedepartmental 1ntelli&ence.

"7. be Directort

Central Intelli&enee aball be adrtaed byu Intelliaence A4rtaory :Board coo.aht1Dg t the headJI (or ~ e r

repreaentativea) t the principal •1 l i ta ry and ci r t l iaa intelligenceqenciea t the Covermaent havitl8 t'unct1oo.a related to nationalaeeurity, determined by the •at ional Intelligence Authority.

•a Within the acope t exiatiug lav and Preaidential Direct ives,other department• and aaenciea t the ExecutiTe ranch t the 7ederalGovernment aball turuiab aucb intelligence i u t o ~ t i o nrelat ing tothe national aecurity a in the i r poueuion , and u the Directcr

t Central Intellt&ence may trom time to time requeat purauant toregulatioua t the Jat ional Intelli&ence Authority.

"9. Jlotbiug herein ah&ll be conatrued to authorize the makin

t investigations inaide the continental l imita t the United Stateaand i t a poaeeaeione; except prortded by lav and Preaidential D1rect1'9·ea.

~ 1 0 In the conduct t t he i r act ivi t iea the • • t iona l Intel l igenceAuthority and the Director t Central Intelli&ence abal l be reaponaiblet r tul ly protectitl8 intelligence aourcea and methods.•

On the in i t ia t ive t the Executive Department, the United States t r tbet1ra t time in i t a history, launchei a national intelligence organization. I t acharter vas vr1t ten in broad terms, vbich enabled the embryonic ~ e n c yto t ee li t s evolutionary vay and handle obstacles only in such order as i t deemed bes t .

any t the obataclea, bovever, vere iuberent in the charter under vbich the

national intel l igence ayatem v u to operate. The cri ter iont

a l l •IA act ionvas wether tbe action Ya J neceua.ry to thf planning, development and coordinat ion t Federal toreigD intelligence act iTit iea 1 0 t aaaure the moatetrect iTe aceompliabmeut t the intelligence a1ssion related to the nationalae-curit7. The term "national aecuri ty: i t interpreted narrovly, vas conaid' redby aome to be an unfortunate l imitat ion upon CIG becauae . any national in terea ts ,other than aecurity, can be aerved by central intelligence ~ e n c yaubmittioginformation to the policy aakera within the C ~ T e r a m e n t

The operating agency under the la t ional Intelli&ence Authority, theCentral Intelligence Group vaa 1odependent in name only becauee for a l lprac t ica l purposes the act iv i t iea t CIG vere aubject to t b ~ budget beads

t the three department• - Sta te , War and Jlfavy Alao, the agency had noemployment r tgb ta , obtaining i t a peraonnel by asaignment •

. Arter the KIA and CIG ayatem vaa in exiatence t r about one year, aa apurely executive creature, great deal t intereat bad developed in theCongreaa vb1ch culminated i n leg1alat1on creating Jat iooal Security Counciland A Central Intel l igence Agency. Studies made by the Senate Armed ServicesCommittee "and a l l teatimony rece1ve1 by i t ahova the need t r cloaer and

. /



.

continuous coordination on bigb leTel vitb1n tbe GoTerameut t our domestic,foreign and N ~ pol1e1ea, t r au appropriate 1utell1aenee o r s a u ~ t o ntoeerTe both •111t&r7 and ciT111an ageueiea t aeeuri t7

l b ~poltvar CoogrttuionaJ. 1UTea•;igatiou. into tbe Pearl l&rbor d i l u t e rbaTe been ci ted a one i>f tbe compelling reaaou. t r tbe eetabUah.meut of theCentral Intell1senee A&t.'DCJ. a reau.lt t 1te iunet1gat1on in December t

1 9 ~ ,the Boo1e Comm.ittee on Military Affair• 111ued "A Report On the SystemCurrently Ellployed in tbe Collection, Evaluation and D i u ~ i n a t i o uof In t e ll igence Affecting the War Potent ial of the United Statea, which recogni&edthe need tor etroug intel l igence a• the nation '• t i r t l ine t defen•e.The Committee aade nine recommendatiou.:

Reco111111endat1on 1: 'l'bat the Jat ional Intelligence J.utbori ty,e•tabl1ebed on JanUAry 22 1 1946, by Pre•1dent ia l 41rectiTe 1 beauthorized b7 act of Coogreu, (This 11 deligned to giTe the nevautbori tr firmer baae.)

R e c o m m ~ D d a t i o n2: 'l'bat the Jat ional Intelligence Autboritr aballeou. iat t t b ~ Seeretar ie• of State , War, and the B&vy, or deputiel for

inte l l18ence. ('l'be Secretariea are obvil)ualy too buay to g i n t h i lbigbl7 important aubject the at tent ion i t deeerTea.)

Reco111111endat1on • T b a ~the Central Intelligence Group r e c e i ni t a approprifttion• di rec t trom the Congre••· (At pre1ent tbe Groupreceives i ta appropriations ae graota trom the State Department, WarDepartment, and the Bavy Department, an unvieldl7 nd a o m e t i m ~ e a

avkvard procedure.)

Reco1D IIendat1on 4a 'l'bat the Central In td l igence Group havecomplete control oYer i t a ovn peraonoel. (At preaent the Grourreceivea ra t te tr m the Departments of Sta te , War, and lavy.)

Recommendation 5: ' 'bat the D r e ~ t o rof the Central IntelligenceGroup be ' iTi l i an appointed t r p r e l ~ ~ i n a r yterm of 2 rear• and apermanent term t lO ye&re, t aalary t t leas t $12,000 a year.

(A elv111an wu.ld be l e u aubject to the control or c r i t i c i nof any mili tary eatablieament, leae l ike ly t baTe ambitiou. i nanother direct ion, vould be more in keeping v i t b American t rad i t ion ,vould be more eymbolie of the ;o l i t i co-mi l i ta ry nature t the~ b l e mpoled by intel l igence in peacetime; furthermore, there ianothing to keep qual if ied Army or Navy off icer t r ~ accepting thepoet i n e1T1lian elotbee, and there ta every deaire , by aet t ing thetenure of office a t 10 ye&ra and making the aal&ry aubatantial, to

llake tbe poat a t t rac t ive to one vbo baa le&Mled intel l igence thoroughlyin the Army, Jlavy, or Foreign Service of the State Department. Cont inui ty t eervice ie r e ~ o g n i e daa Tery important.)

R ~ c o m m e n d a t i o n6: That the Director t the Central I n t e l l i g ~ n c e

Group 'be appointed by tbe President, by and lrl.tb the eoneent of theSenate.

/



Recommendation 7: h a t the Director t Central Intelligenceahall l ) aecompliah the correlation and evaluation t intel l igencerelat1Q8 to the national aecurity, and the appropriate 4iueminat1onwithin the Conrment t the reault1Q8 atrategic and national policyintel l igence, and in ao doins m Uing t u l l u.e t the . t a r t and

ta .ci l i t iea t the ia tel l igence aaenciea already exiatiag 1n theYI.'U ioua OoTerameut depart.ml uta; ( 2) plan t r the coordination oreueh t the actiT1t1ee or the intelligence agencie• t the TariouaGoTeroment department• aa relate to the national aecur1ty and recom-aend to the Jat ional Intelligence Authority the eatabliabment oraucb o..-er-all ~ l i c i e and objective& as v1l l auure the moate t t e c t i n ~ c c o m p l i a h m e n tor the national intelligence aiaaion;(3) ~ r t o r mt r the benefi t t aaid intelligence agen c i ea , auch1erT1ce1 t common conceru related direct ly to coordination, eorr e l a ~ i o nevaluation, and diesemination ae the Rational IntelligenceAuthority abal l determine can be more eff ic ien t ly accomplishedeontral ly; (4) perform auch other aimilar tunctiona and dutieere la ted to intel l igence affecting tbe national a e c u r i t ~ ·ae theCongreae and the at ional Intelligence Authority may tr m time totime direc t . I t i • epecl t ical ly underatood tha t the Director t

Central Intelligence 1 h ~ l lnot undertake operationa tor thee o l l e ~ t i o nt intel l igence.

(Tbia paragraph ie intended to enable the Central IntelligenceGroup to concentrate on the analysis and evaluation t high-levelintel l igence t r the President and others vbo have to determinenational pol1c7. One ahould not remove any intelligence operationtrom the agenciee vbere day-to-day policiea and decisions have tobe made; the collection and basic analysis in each f ie ld t i n t e ll i g e n ~ eahould be aaeigned to the agency having primary responsib i l i t y in tha t f ie ld . )

Recommendation 81 That Paragraphs 2 , 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and10 t the Preaident ial direct ive t January 22, 1946, relat ing tothe establishment or a Rational Intelligence Authority be enactedin to lav, vitb euch revisions in vording aa may aeem necessary.

(The Prelident 1 1 d1rect1Te vas earet'Ul.ly prepared and had a tthe time or i ta publication, the lupport or the interested agencie&.)

Recommendation 9 That the be requeated aympatheticallyto ~ i n fur ther the question or the eatabliabment or an In te ll i g e n ~ eCorps t r the t raining, deTelopment, and aaa1gcment ofeapecial ly qualified or t icere .

In u l y 1946, a d r a f t or enabling legialat ion t r a proposed CentralIntel l igence Agency (CIA) vaa aent to the White Houae by the Central In t e ll i g e n ~ eG r o ~ . I t called t r a National Intelligence AutboritJ (RIA) coneiatiQ8 or the Secretar iee or State, War, and Bavy, a pereonal representativeor the President and the "Director or the Central Intel l igence Agency" as anon-voting member. Tbe IIA vas to superv11e the act1v1t1ea t CIA. I t vas

/



J.t·ovided that CIA vae to be e1tabl11hed "vith a Director vbo 1ball be the beadtbereot ." In December a more detai led and comprehene1Ye draf t val lubm1ttedto the White Bouse vbich ref lected tbe experience gained a f t e r 10 ~ n t b 1o toperation under the 22 January 1946 Executive Order.

IL propo•ins t h i t legialat ion CIG attempted to overcome the auvorkablet e a t u r ~ ao t i ta charter, one o t the moet glarina o t vbich val the necesaitytor c w to obtain peraonnel troaa the State, War and Bavy Departmenta. t vasn < ~ tunt i l vel iT to the IUIIIIDer o t 1946 tbat arrangement. vere made tor CIGto b1re p e ~ e o n n e ldi rec t ly. Budgetary problema lao vere Yery d i ff i cu l t tohandle unt i l agreement vaa reached vbich eatabliabed a vorking fund a t thedisposal ot the CIG. Fortunately t o r CIG a l l o t the departments and agencieso t t h e ~ v e r n m e n tand part icular ly tbe Bureau o t the Budget, the GeneralA c c o u n ~ i n gOffice and the State, War, Javy and Treaeury D e r ~ e n t averequick to rea i te the lpecial adminiatrative problem• vbicb aroae in tbeadminiatration and operations o t an intelligence agency. Tbey made pos1iblethe arrangements vbicb enablftd the agency to operate. Bovever, tbe mannero t adm1niltrat1ve and logis t ica l 1upport vas alvaya considered to be o t atempc,rary nature pending the pauage or aome torm ot mili tary unif icat ionleg is la t ion .

One or the drarta ot enabling legislat ion had incoJ?-)rated the term"v t th a Director o t Central Intel l igence vbo 1bal l be the bead thereo f ."T h i l part icular vording vas the same aa the terminology in the : Januaryd1rect i ve. I ta apparent purpose vaa to create a poat to be t i l l e d by anoff i c i a l , re1pon1ible tor the centralized intelligence function• tor tbeent i re Federal Government, v1tb an intelligence agency to aaaiat bim.

In January 1947, a t the time th is propoaed legialat ion vas being• t u j i e i a t the White Bouse, P r e a i d e ~ tTrum n announced that the War andBavy D e ~ t m e n t abad agreed on a l eg is la t ive program for unif icat ion orthe rmed tervicea. Shortly thereaf te r, a aerioua effor t vas made to

draf t unif icat ion legislat ion tor aubmission to Coogre11. A team conaiat1ngo Vice Admiral Forreat St.e:rtD n, Major General Lauril Jloratad and CharlesMurphy, AdminiatratiYe Aasiatant to the President, vas 1elected to vr i t ethe White Bouse Yeraion or the Batiooal Defenae Act ot 1947.

The d r a f t vbich resulted ll de the CIA the coordinatins agency tor1 n t e l l 1 g e n ~ eapparently adapting to the intelligence f ie ld the examplemade in ear l ie r mili tary unif icat ion proposals, vbicb envilioned a s ing l edefense o r g a n 1 ~ t 1 o nto v b 1 ~ h attached a number o coordinatingagencies, aome tor in te r-mi l i t a ry departmental coordination, and othersfor m1li tary-: ivi l1an coordination.

The team did not include in t he i r draf t many of the more controver• ialp r o p o s ~ l scontained 1ri the December CIG d r a ~probably becau1e o t a n t 1 e 1 p a ~ e d

d1tf1 u l t i e ain gett ing them through Congre11. Instead, tbey aought 11mplyto l ay dovu the broad t r a m ~ o r ko t a central intel l igence 1ert1.ce upon vhichthe d e t a 1 l e ~o r g a n i ~ t i o ncould l a t e r be developed.



•

7he f 1 ~ tdraf t o r t h ~ nev a n i f 1 ~ a t i o nl eg i s la t ion vas rece1ve1 by theC ~ n t r a lI ~ t ~ l l i g e n ~ eGroup on 22 January. Section l02(a) o r the draf t• h t e d tha t "There 1hs l l be in t he Council or National Detenae a Centra lInte;J. igence Agenc)' v i t h a Director vbo 1ha l l be t be bead thereof • • "1'be Director o r CIJ, Lt. Gen. Vandenberg, tbe General Counael o r CIG,K r Jiou.ston, and one or h i s au is tan t i s 11et vi th t he draf te r • the Dext dayand 1 u ~ it t e d r e e ~ 1 1 1 1 1 1 e n d a t i o n st o r incorporat ion in tbe next c1ratt, GeneralVandenberg s u g g ~ s t e dtha t the Direc to r ' • tunct ion or providing pol icy makersv i t b p e r U M n t i n f o n z ~ a t i o nebould be spel led out more c lea r ly. While GeneralV a n d e ~ ~ e r gvas s t rongly oppoeed to t he par t i c ipa t ion or the Central Inte l -l i g e ~ c eAgency or i t a di rec to r in pol icy deci•ion& on any matter, be f e l tt h a t the Director o r Central Inte l l igence 1hould be present a t meeting& o rt.be N:ltio lal Se.::urUy Coun c i l . To t h i s General Noratad voiced 1eriouse.tceptions, ae be f e l t t h a t the CoUDcil vas a l ready too big. He thoughtt b ~ t the Director 1bould not even be preaent as an obaerver, as t h i s M..ip r o ~ dto be cumberaome and \liJVOrkable a t meetings o r the Joint Cbiera o rS t a r r . · As a compromise, Admiral Sherman 1uggeated t h a t the Director aho..U.dnormally be present a t aeetinge or the Council , in i t a discret ion. Genere.l

Vandenberg concurred in t h i s as did Genere.l lo ra tad , and i t vaa acceptedVitb the addit-ional proviso t h a t the J o i n t Cbier• o r Sta.tr vould a l l o a t t endmeetings a t the diacret ion or the CoUDcil.

General V a ~ d e ~ b e r gindicated the d i f f i c u l t i e s vbicb be bad b ~ d inhaving to go to the Natio lAl Inte l l igence Authority on many problems. Bef e l t t h a t the d i f r i ~ u l t i e sor his p o a 1 t i ~ nvould be mult ipl ied, as be v o ~

have to ask pol icy guidance and di rec t ion from t he Council , vbicb vas to conai&t o r many more me'Uibers than the N. I .A. He vas assured tha t the 1 li:ent o rthe ac t vas t.bat the CIA vould operate iodependently and come under theCounC'il only on suC'b spec i f i c measures aa the Council vould, trom time t ot ime desire to d i r ec t . I t vould not be ~ e c e s s a r yt o r the Agency to aek ~ o n -

t i ~ : . a lap Jro'V' l.l 1'rom the C o u n ~ i l .The D i r e ~ t o ra l so pointed out the d i f t i -e u l t i e e or operat ion Vbere clandest ine methods vere i n v o l v ~ din the a b e e n~ e

o r de ta i l ed l eg i s la t ion empowering him to operate on u n v o u c b e r ~tunds ,l e l ~ c tcer ta in t y p e ~or ~ r s ~ n n e land discharge ~ l o y e e sr ~ r ny q u ~ s t i o

o ~ s e i b l edis loya l ty.

I t ves d ~ : i d e dt h a t the D i r e ~ ~ o ro r Cect r s l Inte l l igence ahould repor t1.:- the C o U l ~ i lon N ~ t i o n a lDerense. General Vandenberg iooicated t h t . ~1 t

vould be o.ecesaary to repor t . somewhere an:1 t h a t to th the Preaident and bed id ~ ' t va t another agency " 'ree vbeeling" aro·1nd t he Government. Bovever,

t s tbough1. t h a t the Agency should have su t r ic ien t pover to rerform i t sOV"l tun"=:tion.a V1tbout i t s beiog n e c e s s ~to have sreci f1c approval tromt t e Council on e a ~ bact ion.

The next d ra f t received by Ciu re f l ec ted some o the&e e u g g e ~ t i o n ~ .Amajor

<'h&r-8evas i n the beginning

o r 't.he Inte l l igence sect ionvbich

reads:"There i s hereby establ ished a Centra l Inte l l igence Agency • • • vi th aDirector o r Centra l Inte l l igence vbo sha l l be t he besd thereof • • • I Inthe t h i r d draf t vben the ~ g r p hregarding t he poe1t1on o r the Directoras the ~ t e l l i g e n ~ eAdvisor o the CounC'il vas el iminated, the Arvr:J-Ne.vy



•

conferee point.e1 out tha t the podtdon o t the Director the Gover-. .ent 'aintel l igence dv iao r vaa inherent in the podt1on i t a e U . 'l'be wording With

Director ot Central Intell tgencew remained and appeared in the eventuall eg ia la t ion ; the poaition o t Dtrector o t Central Inte l l igence vaa recognized1 rom the beginntns beins . o r e t han the head o r the Central In te l l igenceAgency but ra ther tha Chiet Intel l igence IArtaor in the OoYermaent.

I t au.et be remembered t h a t in 1947, Congre11 and the Preaident 1 Ott1cevera atronsly influenced b7 the Pear l HArbor inveatigaUona 'IIllich ehoved theDeed to r an effect ive intel l igence ageocy. 'l 'hU vaa a t reued in Bou ee andSenate heartns• on the National Securi ty Act b t U and Vitneu a t t e r Vitneoat e e t i t i e d aa to w.lue o t central ized intel l igence. I t vaa &lao pointed outon numeroua occaotona t h a t the proviaiona t o r Director o t Central In t e ll igence and Central Intel11gence Agency would be aimply a l eg ia la t tverecogni t ion o t the PreUdent 'a order t 22 JanuaJ7 1946. The baUc r o l e t

the Director t Central Iutel l tgence trom 1946 vaa deacribed by e ~ e r a l

Vandenberg in April 19471

The Direetor o t Central In te l l igence i a preaeut l7 charged v i ththe tol lovina baaie tunctionaz

1 . The col lect ion t foreign inte l l igence information t

c e r t . i n t n e • - - Without 1nte r te r ins With or dupUeat tns the normalcol lect ion ac t iv i t t ea t the mil i ta ry and naval iotell i&ence aervicea ,or the Foreign Serr tce t the Staui Department.

2. The evaluation, corr l lation and in te rpre ta t ion t the foreign1D1'onoat1on col lected, to order t produce the atrategic and nat ionalpol icy intel l igence requtred by the Preddent and other appropriateoff i c i a l s t the Goverment.

3. Tbe diaaemination o r the ll&tioD&l inte l l igence produced.

4 0 The ~ r t o r m a n e eOf I U c h aervicea Of OIImiOn c.:>ncero to the~ i o u inte l l igence agencies o r the Government u can be 1110re

eff ic ien t ly accompliohed cen t ra l ly.

5. Plannins to r the coordination t the inte l l igence ac t iv i t i e st the Government ao aa to ae:ure the 1110re e t tec t ive accompliohme:ltt the national inte l l igence object ives ."

General Vandenberg aloo t o u ~ h e dupon the respona1b1lit1eo of theDtrector to the inte l l igence communityz

Win order to perform hi • prescribed functiona, the Director of

Central Inte l l igence must keep in c lose and intimate contact vi th thedepartmental inte l l igence agencies of the Government. To providetonoal machinery to r th ie purpose, the President ' • Direct ive eatabl iahed an Inte l l igence Adviaory oard to advise the Director. Tbepermanent membera t th ia Board are the Director• t Intel l igence of the



State l u and Navy Departments and the Air Force. Provieioc i 1 made,aoreover, to i n v i t e tbe bead• o other in te l l igence agencie1 to a1taa memhra o the Adviaory Board on a l l ~ ~ a t t e r avbich voul.d a t t e c tt h e i r agencie1. In t h i a u n n e r the Board ter'f ' t o turuiab theD i r e ~ t o r

vi tb the benef i t s o f the knovledge 1 advice , experience,~ i e v r o i n t sand over-a l l requirements o r tbe department• D4 t h e i rin te l l igence agencies ."

In i t a report t o a ~ t ~ e yBR 4214 1 the Rational Securit) ' Act o 1947 1the B o ~ eCommittee on Expenditures in the Executive Department r e c o g n i ~ e d

the importance o f the C e n ~ a lInte l l igence Agency proTiaion o f the Act inr e l a t i o n t o the coordinat ion o Ubited State• po l ic ies i n the foreign andmil i ta ry f i e l ~ a .The committee reported t h a t " In order t h a t the N ~ t 1 o n a l

Securi t ) ' Council in i t a d e l 1 b e r a ~ 1 o n aand advice to the Preaident 1llaY haveava.i lable adequate 1 n t o n z ~ a t i o nthere 11 provided a Central Inte l l ige lceAgency.• ·

On 10 February 1947 1 Mr. Allen Dulles 1ubmttted 1everal co11111enta to

. em on i t l enabling l eg t1 la t ion . Be wrote t h a t condderat1on abould begiven to haTing the Director o f Inte l l igence YOte in U and "aleo topermit matter1 to be re fe r red t o the President • • • i n c u e by aD ch&l:.C':e

the re abould be a difference o opinion betveen the Director and the othermember a o f the autbori y. " Mr. Dullea also 1tated t h a t reference to theconduct o foreign in te l l igence operationa •cen t ra l ly" doe1 not have muchmean1Q8 and auggeated t h a t i t 1bould be atated d i r e c t ~t h a t the operat ionaare to be carr ied on by the Central Inte l l igence Agency.

Specif ic reference to the organizat ionsl place o f CIA and i t a poe i t i o nr e l a t i ve t o the Rat ional Secur i ty Council and other agencies did not occuro t t e n i n the beariQ8B conducted on the Rational Securi t7 Act b i l l . l vo o fthe more autbori t h e col loquies are included belov. On l A p r i l 1947, the

Senate Armed Services Committee held a bearing on the Rational Securit) ' Act~ f 1947 1egiala t ion a t vbicb Admiral Sherman and General Vandenberg t e s t i f i e d .The to l lov ing are excerpts trom the b e ~ i n g e :

S E N . A ~NDDroS 1 • • • vben JOU get dovn to the CentralIn te l l igence Agency vbicb cer ta inly i l one o f the . o a t importanto f a l l the tunction.a ae t for th i n the b i l l I not ice t h a t i tr e p o r t l d i r e c t ~to the Pre l iden t and does not aeem to have aeyl i n e running to the Var Department, or the Jfavy Department, o r tothe Secretary t o r Air. And I vas vonder1DB t t h a t ra ther excludedpos i t ion , you might aay vas a vboleaome thing. I t seems to me t h a tCentra l In te l l igence Agenc) ought t ~ have more d i r ec t contsct Yitbthe J :rrrr:t and the Navy and the Air Force; a.nd u I 1ee i t on thec h r t here , i t i l p r e t t y v e l l l e t aside aod goea only to the Presiden t . Vbat 11 the reason tor t h & t t

.AIMIRAL SHERMAN Ve l l 1 i r t h i s d 1..agram abov1 the p r i m a r ycon t ro l or the Centra l Inte l l igence Agency through the WationalSecuri ty Council vbicb, o course, i l responsible t o the President .But, o f couree, the C e n t r ~ lI n t e l l i g e o ~ eAgency, by i t l de ta i l ed



di rec t ive , take• information i n t ro . the a111t&ry aerTicea ~

&lao auppliea them Yith 1ntorut1on.

In other vorde, 1 t ia a t t t aaency and control led throuabthe J a t i o a a l Securi ty Council, vhicb 11 aupported by the a1 l i t a rya e r r t c u aDd in turu, aupporta them.

SDATaR 'n'DmGS: I t u e u to me t ha t o t eoarae the7 woulddi t t \ue aucb information u a u t t e r o t o r d e r ~procedure to tbeJ.:nq t')' and ir Force, aa they col lected the 1n to ru t1on andu the)' deemed i t per t inen t . But I vould t e e l a l i t t l e aoreaecure about 1 t t there were· a l ine running tram tha t aaeDC)'to the ar Depe.rtment, tbe lavy Department, and the Air Force,ra ther tha l have i t so up through the Pr dent and back aeain.Becauae the Preaident ia a ra ther buay man, and Vbile he haecontrol over 1 t one o t i t a tunctioDJ, i t a e e u to ae , ougbtto be to have a cloaer t i e - i n Vith the th ree aerr tcea than thechart ind ica te • .

AIMIRAL SH.D\MAN: Well, a i r tha t 11 the t rouble Y1tb thediagram. Actual ly, the Securit7 Council , placed di rec t ly underi t has member• o t the three department•, the Secretary o t Ja t iona lDetenee, the Central Inte l l igence Agency, vho col laborate• varyeloaely Vitb Mili tary and Kaval Intel l igence, and there are agood many other c r o • • r ~ l a t i o n a h i p a .

SENATOR I Y D ~ S :I rea l i ze t h a t , but even ao, I think i n t e ll igence i a about ae important A par t o t running a war aa there i au I k:nov you V1ll agree. nd i t 11 ra ther ae t o t t t h e r ~by i t ae l . t ,a ld i l only under the Preeident; Vbich i e a l l r igh t to r generaldi rec t ion purpoaea, but I do not ree l ea t ie t i ed in having i tthe "e vi thout aome l inea running to the ar Department, the llavyDep&rtme lt and the Air Force n e n thollgb tha t a18bt tol lov andthey might do i t anybov.

AIMDUL ~ f : Well, in a tu r the r development or t b i l char t ,ve a igh t ahov a l ine or col laborat ion and 1ervice and 10 on, extend-iDS from the Central Inte l l igence Agency to the three d e p a r ~ e n t a ,

and to those othera .

SENATe \ TYDINGS: To the Joint Cbiet• o t s t a r r aeyvay.

AIJotlRAL ~ 'l'bey aerve the Joint Cbiete o t Star r, aa al l a t t e r o r t a c t . e have a Central Inte l l igence (man) in the Pol icyCouncil o r the Research aod Development Board a t the preaent t ime.

SENATOR T1DOOS: U you ever do another char t , w i l l you do methe favor o r connecting t h a t up vi th tho le th ree department• andVith the J o i n t Cbie1"a or S t a r n Because i t look.a l i k e i t 11 ae tup in t h a t vay to advi1e the Prel1dent, IDOre than to adviae the1ervice1 and the J o i n ~Cbie1"• o r Sta ff ; vhich, o t cour1e, 11 DOtt h ~ in ten t ion o t i t a t a l l in my opinion.

. /



AlJURAL BlmUWI: Ve t r i e d lu t h i l particu.l.ar char t , to lhov~ t he prim& '7 l i o e t control , Vith tbe exception t t he do t t ed

Une frOID the Prel ident to the Jo1at Chiet1 t St&tt , Which 11the re to r con1t i tut iooal reaaoua.

SIJQT(J\ Vel l , I bope tha t rq COIDentl w i l l cau.ae uato t iDd aome vay t b a t we can aake 1ure t h a t IOCDeone wil l o t t e r an 'amendment trom tbe War Departaent or tbe 1& 7 Departaent t b a t theIn te l l i aence Agency 11 to have di rec t t i e - i n v i t h the Jo in t Chiet1and the Army 1 Navy, aDd Air Force. O t h e n i l e , ve h a n anotherPear l Harbor controverey, vi th the q u u t i o n ari11DB 1 Vbo co t thetntormationT" And tbe repl,y, •n v u DOt t r ~ m i t t e d .

' 'bat 11 one t b i q t h a t 1hould not happen ~ d o

And a1 t b i l 11 1 e t up, 1 t vould lend the l a J U n tbe opiD.iont b a t 1 t va1 aore o r le11 detached, ra ther than an 1ntep-&l. p r t

t tbe three l ~ r T i c e e

SENATOR TrDOOS: Admiral, t h a t i l an av tu l l7 lhor t b i t t

explanat ion, under the caption "Central I n t t ~ l i a e n c eAgency,• thevay t i l 1et up here , l epa ra te ly, to be appointed by t he Pres i -den t , and euperaeding the 1ervice1 nov run by the Army and thelfavy, I respectful ly 1ubmit to you and t o General lforatad t h a t1 t a igb t be r . .ae to put an amendment in the re , in order to makec e r t a i n tha t the tb1ng i l underatood; t h a t th ia Central I n t e l -l igence Agency aba l l aerv1ce the th ree department• and tbeJ o i n t Chief'• of' Sta t t and h a v ~1 111e t i e - i n Yith the threedep&rtment1, ra the r t han to leave i t hauging up the re on al imb l l t t by i t le l . t ' . I do not th ink t h a t YOuld change any-th ing mater ia l ly, but t vould c l a r i t y i t aDd aake t pla in

t h a t ve are l e t t i n g up 1omething t r the purpoaee t r vbichve conceive i t to be a e t up.

AIMIRAL SHERMAlf Well, 11r, I would l i k e to aake a comaen t on the lansl.la8e as t o the Central In te l l igence Agency.At one tilDe i n the dra f t ing ve couaidered complete l r c o n r i n gthe Centra l In te l l igence Agency i n the manner tha t i t ahouldbe c o n r e d by l av.

SENATOR 'l'rDOOS: Admiral, wy point 11 11Japl7 t h i a : t h a tunder t he vordins aa to the Cent .r a l Inte l l igence Agency vhichbegina on page 20 and ends a t t he top of' page 22, i t dealaaore o r leaa v i t h consol idat ion and not vi th the d u t i e l t h a tdeTOln upon tha t ot t ' i ce . I t 1eem1 to me t he re 11 a TOid i nthe b i l l tha t ought to be el iminated.

AIJtORAL SHERMAlf Well, ve con.sidered t he a a t t e r t tr'71D8to c o n r the Central Inte l l igence Agency adequate17, aDd wetoun t h a t tha t matter, i n i t a e l t vae going to be a a a t t e r t

leg11la t1on t conl iderable acope and importance.



OD 25 April 1947 4uring a bearing t the Bou1e Committee on Expend-i ture• in the Executive Department Vitb Secretary Forrettal tuti1')'1ngthe tolloV1ng remarks vere u d e z

SECRETARY PORRESTAL: The only obJection 11 q a i n theseneral one of the limitations tha t could conceiTabl7 1top

r y prompt action.

HR. BOOGS: The Director t the Central IntelltaenceAgency vould vork under the National Security Council.

SECRETARY FORRESTAL: That correct .

MR. BOGGS Be not a aember t tbe Jfational SecurityCouncil; be i l an inderendent appointment t the Prelident,but be vorks under, on this chart • • be not a member t

the Council, the heavy l ine dravn here, but be i l aore orle is an executive 1ecretary on intel l igence matters tor theCouncU.

SECRL'I'ARY FORRES rAL: Well, i t i l obviou., Mr. Boggs,t h a t the result& of hie vork vould be t euen t i a l importanceto the Security Council.

MR BOOGS: I think &o, and I agree Vitb you, but thethought that I have in mind va& tha t be 1bould be a member

t the Council himself. Arter a l l be 11 dealing Vitb a l lthe information and the evaluation t that information, tr m

vberever ve can get i t . I t teems t o me that be hal knowledgeand information t matter• vbicb the National Security Councilvoul4 consider more information a t band and the eTa.luation t

tha t io..tormation than any other 11ember t tha t Council. Bethould be put on an equal basis .

SECREI'ARY P C I R R E ~ A L :I think tha t there i t alvays lomel imit t o the ettectiveneas t any organitation in proportionto the nUZDber t people that are on i t . The terr lces and theintel l igence 1ntormat1on t the Director t Intelligencevould be avai lable, and certainly no man vbo 11 ei ther theSecretary t Rational Deten&e or the Chairman t the SecurityCouncil, vould vant to act or proceed vitbout eou.tant reference t o the aourcea available to th is Central IntelligenceDirector. But again, I vould not t ry t o 1pecity i t by lav, 10confident am I tha t the pract ical vork1ng• out t tbi1 organization vould require hia preaeoce moat t the t iae .

MR. BOGGS: I can tee - · I do not knov tha t I can 1ee -I can-vi1ualite in my mind, even 1 th is b i l l become• a lav,as pre•ently 1et ur, a great deal t room t r contution onintel l igence matters. Here ve have the Director t theCentral Intelligence Agency, re poneible to . the 5at1onal

/



Securi ty Council , and J e t the Director 11 DOt a . . . . e r ott h a t Council , but be bas to s e t a l l ot b i t information 4owthrough the cha i r o t the Secretary ot •atioD&l. DeteDJe, anda l l the other aaenciea ot Ooven:aeut in addi t ion t o our

u t i o o a l deteD.Ie aaenc ie . , the Secretary o t Agricul ture , theS.c re ta ry o t Sta te , aDd 10 t o r t b . I Juat cazmot t u l t e • • •bov the aan 11 aoing to c r r y out h i l tunctioDJ there withrJuta great deal o t eonl"\uion, and r e a l l y aore opportunity to putthe blame on aomebody el1e than the re 11 nov.

SECRETARY FORR.ESrAI.s Well, t you b a n ~ organization,Mr Bogga in ltbich IDeD b a n to r e l y upon placing the blame,and tb i1 11 par t icu la r ly t rue o f Government, t JOU once gett h a t conception in to t h e i r beads, you cannot I"Wl auy organi r.a t ion, and t s •• to the roo t , real.l.)', o f t h i t vbolequest ion. Tbil th ing Yil l ~ vork, and I b a n ta id f'romthe beginning t vould only vork, t the Coa pOnenta in t

vant i t t o vork.

MR. BOGGS: Right , I cer ta in ly agree Yith t h a t . IOv,11r, in the e n n t t b i l b i l l becomes a l a v v i l l i t requirevery much addi t ional l eg ia la t ion t o 11Dplemeut i t aDd aake

t e t t e c t i ve , in 70ur opinion

SECRETARY FORR STAL: Well, I vould th ink there 1bou.ldbe an examination ot a l l lavs t h a t dea l Yith the eatabli tbmento t tbe War Department and t he Navy Department, and a du1tingo t f 10 t o speak, o t t h e i r funct ions in consonance v1tb th ial eg i s l a t i on , t i t i s paeeed.

General Vandenberg in b i t te1ti1110uy betore tbe Senate Armed Services~ i t t e e

on the •a t iona l Securi ty Act ot1947

explained t he a d v i l a b i l i t yo t cen t ra l i z ing clandest ine operationa abroad and empbssi&ed tha t theCentra l In te l l igence A8ency "mwst have the authori ty to col lect i n thef i e l d t na t iona l , a l opposed to departmental, in te l l igence , vbere vehave the 11eana to t i l l the gaps / J . e t t by over t eolleetio. l by clandest ineo r 1emi-covert means t neceeeary. • He continued by laying t h a t "At the samet ime t IDUit be remembered t h a t auy eentralif .ed clandet t ine 1ervice1vould be ava i lab le to each o t the department• tor i t a 1pee ia lhed oeed1."Tbe t a c t t h a t the Central Inte l l igence Agency vould par t i c ipa te in cover tco l lec t ion probably impressed tbe Congres1men. Beterence1 vere aade indebates on the b i l l e . g . Congre1sman Bol i t i e ld on 19 JUl 1947 1ta ted :• want t o b rp re u upon tbe mind• o t tbe aembera t h a t the vork o t t b i lCentral In te l l igence Agency, as t a r as the co l lec t ion o t evidence ie concerned, 11 e t r1c t l y in the f i e l d ot eecret foreign in te l l igence , vbat i s

knovn a t clandest ine in te l l igence . "

Debate• in Congreee

There va• l i t t l e opposi t ion in the Congreu to the plan to r a cen t ra lin te l l igence eervice . Several Congresemen pointed out tha t the in te l l igenceagency prov111on.t in the va.riows unt r i ca t ion b i l l a vere the 1101t i.aJportant

- - _ : _ _



par t • o f the uni f ica t ion les11la t1on. BoveTer there v u a great deal o f

ditcUieion par t icu la r ly i n committee on vbether o r not the Director tbouldbe choaen trom one o f the Anod SerT1ce1 or vbether he ahoul.d be a c h i l i & n .'be Senate J i l l pro Yided tha t the J)irector o f Centra l IDtellisen.r.e w u t o

be appointed t roa the armed 1erT1ct1 or troa c1 Yil1an l i t e A Boule emend-aent provided t h a t the Director o f Central In te l l i sence be appointed tromc1rt l1an l i t e l be reaton moet ot ten g i n n t r the Bonae uaen4ment v ut h a t t vas a 1tep taken to pr Tent the Central In te l l i sence Agency trombecoming a •Geetapo-tJPe orsanizat ion.• h e S e n a t e ~ o U i econferee• adoptedthe Senate Tereion but v1th teTeral conditiona l i a i t i n g the connectionav1th h11 ler'Yice o f a Director cboeen tro111 the aUite . ry 1er'Yice1.

T b ~fol loving excerpt• per ta ining to the formation o f a Central I n t e l -l i sence Agency are taken trom the debate on the un i f i ca t ion l e s i e l a t i o n . Inthe BoUle on 19 Ju.ly 1947:

MR. WADSWOR lli: • • • In addi t ion, under the Council the re wouldbe another element vbich i l to ad'riae the Council , •ubJect toregulat iona aade b7 the Council , in the f i e l d o f Ia te l l igenee,i n the foreign f i e l d ; and there i t e1tabli1hed a cen t ra l i n t e l -l iaenee aaenc1 tubJect to the Council beaded. b7 a di rec to r.

The tunct ion o f tha t agency 11 to conat i tute i t t e l t a1 ap t b e r i n g poin t fo r information coming troaa l l OTer t\le vor ldthrough a l l kind• o f channell concerning the poten t ia l 1trength t

other natioDJI and t h e i r pol l t i c a l intentioDB. There i l nothingte ' re t about t h a t ETery nat ion in the vor ld 11 doing the tameth ing . But t must be remembered tha t the Central Inte l l igence

Agency i s 1ubject to the Council and doee not ac t independently.I t i l the lt.€eney for the col lect ing and diueminat ing t informat i o n vbich v i l l help the President and the Council to adopt wileand et tect1Te pol1ciee .

So v i t h the information t tha t 1or t concerning other nationsand information coming in v i th respect t o our ovn r e . ou rcu , both

t vbich are a n i l a b l e to the Council aDd Preaident , ve v i l l havet r the t i r l t t ime in our hietory a piece o f u c h i n e r y t h a t 1hou.ldvork and t h high t ime tha t ve have i t We have never bad i tbefor e . During t h i s l a s t var l l aor ta of devices vere resor tedt o , obvioUBly in grea t haste to accompli sh a th ing l i k e t h i l Youmay remember the huge number o f epecial coamitteee, organ1Lat1onaand 48encies eet up by xecutive Order in an t t ~ t to catch upv1th the t a rge t . e have learned as a r e su l t o f the var tha t veebou.ld have aome permanent organir.ation, and t h a t i1 the oneproposed in tb ie b i l l

MR. ~ S l E Nt Wilconein: I t eeeme to ae t roa vbat thegentleman has aaid t h a t the Centra l Inte l l igence Agency i t one

t the very important parte t th i s en t i re eet-up. I Y11h toaek the gentleman t there ie a ~ e f i n i t ecoordinat ion pro Yided



tor betveen t h a t Aaency and, lay the Department o f s t a t e t For If e e l t h a t c e r t a i n information of the Aaency voul4 affec t thea c t 1 T i t i u o f the e n t i r e 1y1tem.

MR W A D S W ~ T B'l'be gentleman cor rec t . I poiDt out t h a tunder the provi l ions o r the b i l l the C e n t r r ~Inte l l igence Asency 1ne ff ec t must cooperate v i t h a l l the agencie1 o f the Gonrament,includitl8 the Sta te Department. I t the gather iaa }lOint of in formation t h a t may come i n trom any department o f the Gonrment v i thre1pect to the foreign f i e l d , including the Sta te Depe.rtaent, o fc o u r u ; 1ncludiD& the War Depe.rtment, through G 2 ~including theBavy Department, through Oftl. 'l 'hat information a p t h e r e d in tothe cen t ra l agency to be evaluated by Centra l Inte l l igence andthen di11em1nated t o thole agencies of Government t h a t m y be i n t e r -u t e d i n 1ome por t ion o f i t .

MR SHEPPARD: • • • On the next l eve l abo-re the RationalMil i t a ry Establishment the re 11 provided the Bational SecurityCouncil v i th the Pre l iden t a cbainD&n, vbicb v i l l e ff ec t1n lycoordinate our dome1tic and foreign pol ic ie l in the l igh t of1cund information furni1hed by the Central Inte l l igence Agency,and v i t h the knowledge o f our manpover and mater ia l capabi l i t iesderiTed trom the National Securi ty Resource• Board.

MR PRICE: • • • AJ 1uch, t i l admini l t ra t ive unity, inthe i n t e r e s t o f coordinating the t o t a l var e ffo r t o f the a t i o n ,because in addi t ion to put t ing an Araiy, a Bavy and an Air Porceunder the di rec t ion o f a aingle admintat ra t ive Secretary ofDefenae, t places a War Council, the Jo in t Chief• o f Staff , theMunitioDB Board, a Research and Development Board, the Central

In te l l igence Asency, and other aucb department• in the Bation.alDefense Establishment.

MR JUDD: • • • llov, t h a t aounds a l l r i gh t , b u t l l of ua

being human beings , 1urely knov tha t t a one- • t a r general iaDirec to r o f In te l l igence , and a tvo-a ta r general or a th ree -a ta rgenera l t a lks to him, t ia l lbolly unrea l i s t i c to ima8ine tha tthey v i l l not have an influence over him despi te the l a v.

'l'be man vbo had charge o f our aecret in te l l igence in Germanyduring the var vaa a c i r t l i a n , Mr Allen Dullea. Be cUd 1ueh anextra.ordin.ary job tha t be vas in contact v i th the top 11en tnB i t l e r • aecret aervice . B i t l e r had to execute h i l top f ive men

because they vere double-crouinghim

and playingb&ll. v i th

oarpeople . Mr l)ullea to ld ua t h a t the ~ ~ nt h a t tai . .u t h i a Jobought to go in to t a1 a man llbo goe• in to a mon.ute1 7. Be

ought t o take i t a a J . Edgar Hoover baa taken the FBI Job - aaket h i l l i f e a vork. Be cer ta in ly ought to be cut completely loose

from any t i e s o r respons ib i l i t i es o r connections v1th aay otherbranch o f the Government - c i v i l or mil i t a ry - except thePresident and the National Security Council .

. /



~ MAlt\.SCO: Mr Cbai.Hian 1 t h i s aection on cen t ra lintel l igence v u g i n n aore atudy b7 our aubcoramittee aD4 b7 thef u l l cOIIDi t t e e than any other aect ion or the b i l l . I t w

a o • t d i f f i c u l t aect ion to wri te . All or us bad the aame obJect ivein viev, ye t ve bad di ffe ren t ideas on i to I th ink peraooall.yth&t the c ~ m p r o m i eve reached adequately protects the poai t ion.Eventually I cer ta in ly tru.at t h a t the bead t tb ia in te l l igenceagency v i l l be c i v i l i a n vbo 11 t ra ined i n the agency. I tt ake l years to t r a i n t h a t type Of mao. Some v i l l t e l l 7 U t h a tthe preeeot di rec to r h not adequately t r a ined ; t h a t 11 t rue.\le do not b a n any mao i n the On1ted Statea vho b u adequatet r a in ing today t o do t h i s kind o r vork becau.e unfor tunate lythe United States has never gone in o r the r1gbt kind t

in te l l igence . t ve had had atroog cen t ra l in te l l igenceorgao i t a t ioo 1 in l l probab i l i ty we vould never had bad tbea t tack on Pearl Har'bor; the re might not have been World War I I .Many v i t n e u e a appeared before our c o m i t t e e . We vere avoro toaecrecy, and I hes i ta te to even discuaa t h i s aection becauae Iam af ra id I might aay aomethiog, becauae the CONGRESSIONALRECORD 11 public record, and divulge aome information heret h a t ve received in t h a t committee tha t vould give aid andcomfort to any poten t ia l enemy ve have. For t h a t r e u o o I · ameven re luc tan t to mention the testimony. I hope the committeev i l l support the provieion in tbe b i l l , becauae the futuresecur i ty o our country in large measure depend• upon thein te l l igence ve g e t ~· Moat t i t · can be gathered YithoUt clandest ine in te l l igence , bu t aome t i t must be o f neceaai tyclandeatine in te l l igence . The t h i oga ve aay here today thelanguage ve c.baoge, might endanger the l ives o r IOCDe Americanciti:ten.a i n the fu tu re .

I th ink you can r e l y on the patriotiStD or men l i k e thegentleman t'rom liev York (Mr. WAr..SWORTB 1 the gentleman tramMasGacbusetts (Mr. McCORMAC<: 1 tl-.e gentleman tram Cali fornia(Mr. HOLIFIELD) 1 the gentleman ~ r o mM ch igan (Mr. BOFPMAli •We did our bee t to vork out laQ.5\188e here t h a t vould pro tec tt h a t pos i t ion and keep trom b'.llldiog up a ao-called mil i t a ryhierarchy. A b i l l v i l l be introduced soon at'U r t h i l l eg i s la t ionbecomes l av t h a t v i l l be referred to the Committee on ArmedServices , vbere more atudy f an be given to t h i s moat i l lpor tantaubject

MR. BUSBEY I Tbe main point in the amendment offeredby the gentleman trom Minnesota (Kr. JUDD 1a permanency andt he e t r o r t to vork tovard a c iv i l i an bead vbo 11 not 1n1'luencedby any department o r our Mil i t a ry Establ1ebmenta.

MR. P ~ S O l hMr. Chairman, I ahould l ike t o cU.rec:tmyself nov to sect ion 105 concerniog the Centra l In te l l igenceAae ocy 1 to vbich sec t ion DIY propoeed amendment r e l a t e s . ,;'he



ameDdmeot, 1o e ff ec t , provides t ha t c r t l i an 1bal l head

t b i l intel l igenc e agency ra ther than al loving choice orc iv i l ian or militAry mao. I t al1o prorldel tha t tbe poveragranted tbe Central Intel l igence group under the Preaident•aExecutive Order 1ha l l p a n oo t o tbe Bat1onal Securi ty Cooncilaa vas designated in the b i l l vbich paned t ~ e other body onJ u l y 9·

The amendment fur ther provides t ha t the authori ty andfUnctions o t the Central Intel l igence Agency ahal l be tboaevbicb vere deaigoated under the Preaident•a Executive Order.As th i s aection ia nov const i tuted, the Director o r tbe

ntel l igence agency to be chosen by the President , i t b tbeconsent o r tbe Senate, may be e i ther c iv i l i an or an ot t1cr ro r tbe armed 1ervicea. I ree l tha t i t i l extremely uodeair·able to have aa bead or th i s agency, in a poai ion vbichmakes i t incumbent upon bim to coordinate inte l l igence reportfrom the Yarious aervices , a member o r one or the o ~ h e raervices.A c1rt l1an in t h i l posi t ion vould not be aubJect to cry ordiscriminatio n or favorit ism and vould, therefore , be in muchbe t t e r posi t ion to be completely object ive in di1cuasion. The ·port ion o t t h i s amendment vbich related to the granting orpovera under the Preaident 'a Executive Order to the WationalSecuri ty Council re ta ins a t l eas t a aemblance or pover vithint h i s agency to effect ively correlate , evaluate, and diaaeminateinformation vbich ia gathered by other inte l l igence 1erT1cea.

By confining i t s paver a t o t h i s authori ty, ve, there oreeffec t ive ly deny t o tbe Central Intel l igence Agency the pavert o in te r fe re Y th the vork personally being done by e1tabl11hedaervicea in t h i ~ f ie ld .

I r e f e r you, Mr. Chairman, to the R o u ~ eReport llo. 734 orthe Seventy-ninth Congress, vbich ~ t a report on the intel l igence

e c t i ~ no f our nat ional var e ffo r t and vbich include• recommendations made by tbe Houae Committee on Military Affaire a tt h a t t ime. While tbe mietakea o f World War I I are t i l l freshin our minds, the committee undertook a aurvey to ~ e t e r i n e

vba t our policy on nat ional intel l igence 1bould be. ' l 'beir recomaen.datiotl.l are not vbolly carr ied out in the aeuu re bere contempla ted ; but the ga1na made Iince t he i r report vould be consolidatedby adoption o t h i l amendment.

I fee l , Mr Chairman, and I cannot 1treae i t too atrongl.y,t ha t vb.at 11 needed 11 ao independent intel l igence aaency, workingvt thout di rec t ion by our armed 1ervicea, v1th f u l l authori ty inoperat ional procedure•.

Hovever, i t e ~ ~ s a i b l eto incorporate 1uch broadau thor i ty into the b i l l nov before ua - ao cooaequentl7 I aupportthe amendment vbit'b ha l nov been offered. To do l e u than t h i l

. /



•

would be to vreclt vbat l i t t l e ba1 been done to • t reagtben ourin te l l igence 1y1tem, I f e e l t h a t i l i l Y1r7 ~ r t D tfo r the1ecur i ty o f our • u o n a t a t im• vben our . ecur i ty i l 110re aDdaore t h r ened, to grant adequate au thor i ty to t b l Central I n t e l -l igence A(J.e=f.

In conclu.lion, Mr. Chairman, I do vant toc 111111eDd

the s en t l e -man frOID Michigan (Mr. BOFPMIJII) aDd the other aemben o f b U com-a1 t tee fo r t h e i r ardent IIOrlt aDd f a i r n e u in reporting th i1•eaeure

MR. JUDD: • • • The Director o f Centra l Inte l l igence i11uppoeed to deal vi th a l l p o u i b l e th rea t • to the countr)' fromabroad, through in te l l igence aet1T1ti11 abroad, But ' r i tbouttb11 aendment be v i l l have DOt onl)' the r u u l t 1 o f the J 'BI 'Iin te l l igence aet iTi t1e• here a t home, but al1o the power to1napeet i t l o p e r a t i o n ~I do DOt bel ieve tha t i f n badrea l i sed the f u l l i l lport o f t h i l language llben ve vere 1tlldyingi t i n ~ i t t e eve would b a n allowed i t to 1taDd u i t 11.Surely ve want to protect the Atomic Energ)' C0111:11i11ion aDd the.P BI from the D1rector of Centra l In te l l igence coming in andfirxling out vbo t h e i r agent l a re , vbat aDd vbere the i r netaa r e , bov they operate , arxl thu.a d e ~t roy t h e i r effeet1 n n e u .

MR. HOLIFIELD: I do DOt th ink t i l nece1aary for h1m t oinapeet the operationa in order to 1e t up bia ovn in te l l igenceuni t in the V I ) t h a t be vanta to , and I point out tha t thel fa t ional Seeur i t7 CoWle11 11 compo1ed o the Seeretariea o f S t a t e ,o lfatio'Oil Defenae, o t the Arm)', the :lavy and the Air Foree,arxl the lfational Securi ty R"aoureea Board, and the Central I n t e l -l igence Agency, 10 i t aeema to me t h a t the protect ion o thelfational Securit , . CoWle11 18 a cheek aDd the Preaident i l a cheek.I b rdl) ' th ink tha t the l iW1 could exceed b h authori ty.

MR. BUSBEY: In reference t o the gentleman from California(Mr. HOLIFIELD), vben be 1tate1 t h a t ve can uaume tha t t b Ula t i on a l Security Agency v i l l do t b i l aDd do t ha t , I Juat ' r isbto remind the membership tha t the t rouble in the past vi tbl e g i l l a t i o n has been tha t ve have not taken the time to 1pe l lout these l i t t l e d e t a i l a . I t i l these a11umption1 ve have ba4t h a t have so t t en ua in to t roub le . I th ink i t i1 n r y importantt h a t the gentleman'• amendment be adopted,

In the Senate on 9 Jal7 1947:

MR. BALDWI fr • • Under the Council there 11 eetabl1eheda Centra l Inte l l igence Agency t o provide coordinated, adequatein te l l igence to r a l l Government agencie1 concerned vi th nation&eecur1 t y. When one read a the record o the paat var in resardto t h a t f i e l d , i t h tourxl t h a t there val much to be deaired in



the vay inte l l igence vu. co7ered aod there va. crea t cout l ic tabout i t . I l a y nothing bere i l l 4eprec1at1ou o t the M D vhowere engaged 1u the in te l l igence eer r lce , becauae l o t H r n a r k -able and e x t r n e ~courageoua th ing• were clone. l n e r t b e l e uve d e m o o ~ t r a t e dtr011 our experience the DMd o t a Centra l I u t e l -

l1geoee Agency; and t b i l b i l l p r o v i d e ~eueh an a g e u q . l e i t h e ra Jfatioual Secur1t7 Council oor an iotell i&ence a g e o q aov u u t e .

MR. BILL: I t vould prortde adequate eecuri ty meuureaa t ali timee, ra ther than only wben boet111t1u tb r ta ten . I tcreate• the Jfatiooal Securi ty Council , the Jfational Securi t7Reaource1 Boeard, the Central Inte l l igence Aaeucy, the Munit1ouaBoard, aDd the Re1eareh and Development Board, in order tha t vemay make cer ta in t h a t oar tore1go and a i l i t a r y pol ic iea arecoordinated and autua.l..l.y eupport1ng; tha t a Oentral Intel l igenceABeD<:) I1JA1 co l lec t and analy z.e the m a l l t information vbich 111 0 e u e o t 1 a l to r the Government to 1161utaio peace and vi thoutvbich the G o v e r t m ~ e n tcannot wa&e var auceeaetul..ly

MR. Gt.lRNEYa • • · • 'l'be b i l l alao prortdee t r a lfationalSecur i ty Council , a Central Inte l l igence Ageoey, aod a Katioua1Securit ;r Reaourcee Board, a l l t vbieb report d i r e c t ~to thePreddeot , but vbicb &leo vork. cloaely v i tb the ageociel UDderthe Secretar,y t Jfatiooal Securi ty.

MR. GURNEY: • • • an important adJunct to the JfatioualSecuri ty Council the re 11 provi l ioo t o r a Central Inte l l1g oceAgency, vbich t i l l • a long recognized demand t r accurate i u t o r-mattou upOn vbicb impOrtant d e c 1 a t o ~ t e l a t i n «t o t o r ~ ~ o•ul l i l i t a ry pol icy can be baaed.

In the uni t icat1on bear ings , Admiral Sherman aaid tha t the Centra.lIn te l l igence Agency v u uot adequately covered in the aerger bi l l . , and i nthe debate on the Bou.ae b i l l ICr. McCol'llick. pointed out tha t :

•we t e l t eiuce enabling l eg ia la t ioo vaa going to come inl a t e r troaa another etanding co111111ittee t the Bou.ae thequeation tha t vould ar iae io connection vi tb th i1 Centra lIntel l igence Agency, abould . be l e t t to the ataDding committee,and t h a t our committee ahould t r y to meet the immediate problem."

The "immediate problem vaa aolved by the paeaase t the Jfat1Qnal Securi tyAct t 1947, vb1cb v u aigDed by Pree1dent Tr\D D ou 26 u l y 1947. O n r ayear previoua to tb1a, i u 1946, enabling l eg ia la t ioo det iuing the autbor1t1ea

t a Centra l Inte l l igence Agency and eatabl iahing cer ta in procedure• t o r i t aadmioiat ra t iou b d been prepared aooo a f t e r the CIG vaa tol'lled, but v i b tbeempbaeia 1u 1947 on the paaeage t the armed toreea merger l eg ia la t ioo v i thi t a central intel l igence provia iooa, the e t t o r t devoted to enabling l e g i a -la t1oo t r CIA alack.eoed. Bovever, the need t r eucb l e g U l a t i o o became



•

aore aDd aore acuttt . In April o t 1947, before the pauaae o r the Bationa.lSecur i ty Act, a d r a t t o t enabling legi l la t1on val p r nted to the . Bou.eCommittee on Expenditure•, but i t va t oot un t i l the next 7ear t h a t a1eriou. t to r l vat ll de to enact CIA l e g h l a t i o n .

On 24 Pebruary 1948, the Director, Re&r M m i r a l Bil lenkoet ter appearedbefore the Bouae Committee on Armed Serrtce1 and ansvered at t1rmat ively theCommittee'• que1tion o t vbether 1egi t l a t ion in addi t ion to the RationalSecuri ty Act o t 1947 vae neceuary. On 13 March, a t t e r approTal by theWhite Bouse, drat ' t1 o t a propoted b i l l to provide tor the admini1trat1on o rthe Agency vere tubmi t t ed by CIA to the Cbainaan o t the Senate Anted P o r c uC o a d t t e e aDd the Speaker o t the Bou.e. Senator Ouruey introduced on the1ame day S.23o6, a b i l l • to provide tor the admini t t ra t ion o r the CentralIn te l l igence g e n c ~e1tabli1hed purtuant t o 1ect ion 102, latioD&lSecuri ty Act o t 1947, and tor other purpo1u . • A b U l vi th the eame t i t l e ,B.R. 5871, vaa introd1.1ced on 16 March in the Bou.e and referred t o theCommittee on Armed Serrtcea. On 8 Apri l the Bou.e eub-cOIIIIDittee ine x e c u t i n 1e111on unan1mou.ly approTed the prov i l iou . o t the b i l l a t t e r41acuu ing 1uch point l a1 vbether debate on the Bou.e f ioor voal.d DOtbr ing out c lau1t1ed in.tormation, and the authori ty o t the Director to

l aue r t u a . The tul.l . COIIIIDittee approved the b1 l l on .. May.

On 13 May the Senate COIIIDit t e e on Armed Serrtcee ae t in execut ive1e11ion v i t h tour 1enator1 present vbo vere author ized t o 1pe&k tor thet u l l eoi IID1ttee. Certain changes were vorked out aDd a •clean b i l l , •5.2688 vaa introduced on 17 May.

The nev Senate B i l l di t t e red from the Bou.e n r l i o n (B.R. 5871) i nthe tol loving pa.rticular•: l ) Section 6(a) o t the Senate B i l l rea.d:•Trau . te r to aDd receiTe trom other Gonrnment a&•nciu euch IUIDI a1 mayhave been approTed by the Bureau or the Budget aDd appropriated • • •

(2) Sect ion 7 (a ) ( l ) o t the Senate B i l l included the phra •penona l1er r lce1 v i hout regard to lUi i at1on1 on type o t per1ona to be employed"inatead o r the p h r u e •employment o t al iena• becau.e the Committee thought ,t o r reaaona o t 1ecur i ty, tha t the vord •al iena• 1hould DOt appear in thel a v although i t VAl the intent o f the Commit tee t h a t CIA employ al ienavbere neceuary. ( 3) Section 7(b) vbich formerly read •or 1um1 Dadeava i lab le t o the Agency 1uch amount• a1 may be appropr ia ted by the Bureauo t the Budget may be expended • • • • vaa amended to reads " the 1uma lAdeava i lab le to the Agency u .y be expended • • • ·· ."

Senate Report 1302 accompanying the b i l l 1tatea on page 3: ". • • aDdt h a t euch fundi aay be expended vi thout regard t o the prov111on• of l avapp l icab le to Government fundi. • 'l'b11 vae a change t'rom the original dre.t t

o f the repor t vbich read a • aod t h a t a port ion o t eucb tund•. • • •" .'be Chief Clerk or the Collllllittee S t t f in.tormed CIA t ha t the phraae "aport ion• va l de l ibe ra te ly • t ruck out becaUie i t va the in ten t o f tbeCommittee tha t CIA •hou.ld baTe complete control o n r the e x p e n d i t u r e ~o fi t fundi TOuchered and wrrouchered .

. /

- - - - - - - - - - - - · -



The b i l l vas p u l e d over th ree tlJDu io the Senate, f ina l ly comingup t r debate oo 21 JUDe. Ao ueodmeat va• offered by Senator McMabooe t r ik i l l out t ioo 7(b) t 8.2688 vbich s a n the A&eoer authori ty toupend cout ideot ia l t\md1. b e Congru1 adJour"Ded, boven r, n t h oofUrther act ion on the CIA 1es1•la t1on.

On 15 December 1948, the Aaeucy prueuted a 4 ra t t t l e s i l l a t t oo tothe Judget Bureau Ybieh, a t t e r 1uageatiug ebanau, adr t l ed CIA on 9 February1949 tha t i t would have no object ion to the A eucy aeDdiDS the revi led d r t t

to the Bl l t Congreu. Oo U February the dr&tt1 n r e t to Coogreu n t hau explanation t ha t i t va l 1ub1taot1ally the 1 u e u 8.2688 aod B.R.5871introduced in the 8oth Coocre••·

The Bou.e A.nlled S . r r t c u aub-co IIDI1ttee Jo . 3 M t on 18 February 1949to eouaider the leg11lat ion, B.R.2663. Tbe committee di1eu.1ed i t 1ect1ou

y aect iou and cer ta in •1oor ameodmeota were aade 1ucla4iQgZ

FIRST The tena "the United States" va• aod1tied to include i t atent tOr ' i 'e• and poueuioa .a" ao t ha t nat ive• t BavaU, Alaeka, Puerto

Rico, aDd other p o u e u i o u a vbo wen ordered h011e on leave could beordered to the United St a t e • , i t • terr1tor1el aDd po11e11ioua 1 t 1uchvere t h e i r home.

SBCOKD 'l'he word " tu l l - t i l l e" v u i n . ~ e r t e dto Clualify the pbra1e•o "tieer• aod earployeea t the Agency" i n order tha t the • • U c a l t a c U1 -t i e l involved in tbe 1es11lat iou could be exteuded oul.y to regul..ar t u l lt i a e employee• t the Aaeocy. I t va• agreed tha t t h e ~ etac111 t i e • 1houldbe extended to c i t iua .a o f the Uoited S t a t u aDd a l i e n ~employed 'by theAaeuey a l ike , but the t ae1 l i t1e l 1hould not be exteo4ed to p&rt-ti.JDee1.1.1todial pertouoel aDd occal ional earployeu t the .&aeucy. Boveverp h y l i e u e x a m i n a t i o n . ~1uoculation.l and nccioat ioa.a 1hould be s i n o toa l l employee• both tu l l - t i l l e aDd part- t ime.

BIRD The que1tiou aro1e u to the bo1pit&l aDd •ed ica l f a c i l i t i e svbi - :h-nre to be extended t o covert n a t h e pereounel act ing u agent• ooa 1"6--t-time ba111. Becau1e t the clau1 '1ed nature t th11 work, oo•en t iou t t h i l could be aade 1u a repor t . Bovever, i t va1 the 1oteoto the committee t h a t a ly agent vbo v u oot a tu l l - t i l l e .-.ployee vho vasin ju red 1u the cour1e t duty to r the Agency 1hould be couaidered to bea ful l - t ime employee t the Agency oo tha t date aDd be 1\abJect to thef u l l pror t l iooa t the a c t .

P <XJRTB In connection Y1 t b the carryill8 t t i r e - a n u , the pb.rue•and guarde" va l inser ted a.tter the vord "courier. • The explaoattC\ ngenera l ly o t t e red val tha t the re IMY bo t imet vben CIA vould Yilb to anDa guard v i tb the courier ra ther than the courier hi.mlelt .

FilTH The intent or the committee va l tha t the ~ lava to bev a i v e ~ c o n n e e t i o ov i tb the admill1b111ty t al iena UDder the ac t verethose to r permanent reeideoee without regard to the immigration lava aodregulat ion• . There val oo in ten t to valve any lav1 regardill8 the conduct

t these al iena once they vere io the United State1. Tho committ ee



•

tboU&bt t h a t t he a l ien• admitted abould be aubject t o a l l lav• once theyhad been admitted, inc:ludiD& thole concerning deporta t ion t r cau.e . TheCOIIIIIit t e e 1uage1ted the U l e Of the pbrale •calend&r rear• 1n the 1ect1oninatead t • t i l c a l rear• 10 t h a t CIA vould have the benet1t t an e r t r a

100 a l i ena i n t i 1 c a l 1949.1 be 1ub-coaDittee approf td and reeOUIDeDded the b i l l t o the f u l l com

a i t t e e vbicb unau1Jaoudy approved i t . n a beariQS before the R u l e ~Coma i t t e e , Mr. S a u c e r de•cribed the b i l l , aDd in anrJer t o a queation, bea ta ted t h a t the pover1 t the Aaency were DOt broadened beyoDd tholeenumerated in the lat1oDal. Becurit:y Act t 1947. ~ e p r n t a t i n WalterDOted t h a t the provi l iona on admitting al iena 1ufr inaed •on t he Jar11-dic t ion t the Judiciary Committee" and a l •o t h a t t h i l provi l ion vaal oo • e l r dravu, 10 be reque1ted t h a t an open ru le be cranted •1o tha t thea t t e n t i o n t the Congre11 may be directed t o 1ect ion 8 t the b i l l . Th1•Ya l s ran ted . .

Debate v i t h a 1uapenaion t rules on the b i l l took place on 7 March1949. Mr. Marcantonio provided the major oppo•ition to the b i l l indebate , b a l i us b i l argument on u c ~ i u u e • a• the ~ e c r e c y1Japo1ed vbicbdeprived Congreumen t a t u l l expl&nation t the b i l l , the danger toc i v i l l i b e r t i e s , the i nappropr ia t eneu t confident ia l t\md1 and theundes1rab1lit:y t the al iena provi l ion. M r Coller a l l o objected tothe a l iens ~ r o v i a i o nmainly on Jur ied ic t iona l ground1. The b i l l ~ e e

348 t r and 4 agaiDJt.

The Jur i ld ic t iona l i u u e t t he a l iena provili..ou·wu t 1 111e concern1n the Senate . Senator McCarren on l l March in te rpoud an objection tot h ~ con•iderat ion t the b i l l , probably ~ e c a u ethe Jud ic ia r j Committee

t vbicb be val chairman bad DOt been given the b i l l t r condderat ion.Alte r a meeting v i t b the Director, a t vhich the Director explained the

a l i ena prov i l ion and agreed t o turni•h the Senator v i tb a regular conf i d en t i a l repor t on the number o r a l i e n i brought in tmder i t , SenatorMcCarran vi thdrev b i l object iona and vro te t o Senator Luca• tha t bewould 1upport the b i l l .

The Senate Committee on Aned Service• repor ted out B.R. 663 on10 March 1949. In the debate on 27 ay 1949, Senator Langer provided moeto r the oppol i i o n t o the b i l l baled mainly on the aecrecy 1urrounding theb i l l a ld the alieDB provi l ion in i t . Be offered tvo amendment• vbich vereaccepted, one t o provide t h a t CIA employee•, vhi le in the cont inenta lUnited Sta te • on leave, 1ba l l not be avai lable t r employment except b:yCIA, and another requir ing a determination by t he Comiuioner t theImmigration Service aa v e l l a • b:y the Director t Centra l Inte l l igence andt h e Attorney General ltetore tbe ad.miuion t cer ta in al iena to the Un1tedSta tes t o r permanent re1ideuee vi thout regard to tbe immigration lave vasgranted. Senator Johtaon u 1 o voiced lome obJect ion t o the ' b i l l butannounced he vould vote t r i t . Be va• concerned t h a t CIA would b a n

1veeping povera vbich are being Telted in the • i l i t a r y throuab t h i l piecet leg11lat ion. 'l'be Senate p a n e d B R. 2663 u amende-d b1 a voice Tote.

28



On 6 June the CoD1'erence CoiiiD1ttee reported agreement on the amendment•and on the a u e 481 the Senate adopted tbe Conference Report and on tbetol.lov1Q8 q a t t e r a abort debate in Vbicb Mr Marcanton.to aaain oppoeedthe a e u u r e aDd Mr Walter aaain apoke on the a l ien proneion the Bou.e»&Ued I .R . 2663 •• uaeoded. Prel14ent ruman ~ d the Central In t e l -

11sence Act on 20 June 1949.

Executhe

The Central Inte l l igence Agency i a o r g a n i ~ e dwithin the ExecutiveBranch t the Ooverment, and i t t l reapon.aible to the ft'atioD l. SecurityCouncil , the fUnction t vhicb 11 to adviee the Preaident vitb reepectt o tbe integrat ion t domeatic, foreign, and ai l i tar.y pol ic iee re la t iosto the nat ional t ecur i ty 1 0 t o enable tbe mili tary aerncea and theother department• and agenciea t Government to cooperate aore effec t ive lyin aa t te ra involving nat ional aecuri ty. The Prel ident , aa the •aole organ

t the ~ e r lGovernment in tbe f ie ld t internat ional r e l a t i o n ~baaa t b1a command the ueeut1ve pover t the Government. Under t h t l paver,theore t ica l ly be t1 beyond the reach t any btber branch t the Governmentexcept 1n the mode preecribed by the Conetitution - through tbe impeachingpover - and be admilliater1 b i t branch ao t ha t be can 1101t e t t ec t1n ly d i l -charse b t l dutiea. The JratioD l. Intel l igence Authority vaa founded andthe Central Intel l igence Group va1 formed by Prel ident ial Direc t i n in1946 t o U lu re the moat effect ive accompliabmeat t the intel l igencemill ion related to nat ional 1ecuri ty vbich t l a aa t t e r conddered v i th inthe &xeeuti ve purview.

I t va• recognized a t an ear l7 date in our hi l to ry, hovner, t h a tot t icer1 in tbe Execut in Branch vere not under tbe excluaive direct ion t

the Preaident . Dutiea and retponeibi l i t iea grov outt

and are 1ubject t othe control t the lav, and not only to the direct ion t the Preaident ,vbo aua t 1ee to i t bovever, tha t the lava are a i thtul . ly uec:uted.

Coagreu

Congreaa baa teen to i t tba t the Preaident conaiderable helpavai lable t r b t l adminiatrative burden.a. In the development andimple=entation t major polic iea be baa tbe aaaiatance t variou1 ot t iceacrea ted by acta t Congreu. The Rational Security Act t 1947 vaa one

t theee I va1 the Central Intel l igence Ageney Act t 1949.

b e prov1e1one t tbe ft 'ational Securi ty Act are a recognition by tbeCongreu t the i g ~ aena1t1ve nature or Govercment intel l igence act1v1-t i e a . The "ava i lab i l i ty t intel l igence o the bigbeat order t o thePre l iden t aDd t o the l a t i ona l Security Council 11 an e u e n t i a l element inthe tol"''lulation t tbe tore1sn policy t the United Statea, and 1n thecooduct t tore1go re la t ion• by the Preaident in c rr)'iog out t h a t policy. •Via-a-via i t a appropriation and inve•t igat ive unct ion, Congreaa ia

~



\

oo=enwd with the operatiou o t - aenc iu Yithiu the Eaecut1n lranch. CIA

t1 aware t i t l pol1t1ou o t bein depeDdent on Coucreu tor t t1 leg1elatiouu 4 t t l u i l t e n c e but With t t l obvio\ll aecurity probl Mr We n Dul.lee,t i le J)S.rector, bal 1t teda •ID tutelligence 7 D b a n to t b ce.rt .1n t h 1 t ~ o ~ •

OD t a i t h You b a n to look to the u u vbo 1a cU.rect1oa the orpn1r.atiou aDdt i le r411ult1 be ach iena . • The Armed Serrtce1 and Appropz 1&t1ou Colllll1 t t e eo t both Boueee b a n uerc1aed Jur1ad1ct1on o n r CIA. A I a neQl t the A.nDed

S e r r t c u COIIIDitteea t the Seuate an4 tbe Bou11 b a n c o n t 1 n u o u a ~uln t&ined '•aupervilion over the operat1on1 t [Cl iJ to au ent i re ly aclequate degree.Preaaure for a CIA Watchclo Co.mittee t Coosr••• ar11e1 per1ocl1call1 buthal u v e r been TOtecl.

l a t i oua l Security Council

A I au execut1n -aency, CIA i l UDder the coutrol of the Preaident, butCougreu 1n tbe Bat1oual Security Act t 1947 preacr1bed tha t CIA i •eatabl iehed under the lat1oual Security Council .• rurtheraore, according

to the Act, for tbe purpo11 of coor41uat1Qi intel l laence act1Tittee, theCentral Intelligence Agency i l given certain dut ie l to perform UDder thecUrection t the WSC. SectioD 102(d)(5) t the •at1oD l Security Act of1947 1a a ca tch-a l l prov111on vitb ra ther broad 1Jiplicat1ou 1 t t 1 t ~ o ~t ha tCIA ahal l perfona auc:h other tunct1oua aDd dutiea re la ted to intel l igencea t fec t ina the ut1oual. aecurity u the h t i o u a l Securi ty Council u y fromt ime to time direc t . • Taken out t context aud vithout bavledge t i t abi1 tory, t h i l aect1on could bear almost unlimited iuterpretat ion, proTidedthe aer r tce performed could be 1huvu to be t beuef i t to an intel l igenceq e u c y or related to u t i o u a l iutell1,aeuce. A renew t the CongreuioD l.d e b a t e ~hovever, indicate• tha t vben CIA val t i r a t propoee4, Congreu vasp : r t u . r i ~1utereeted 1n aD ageucy for coor41uat1na 1utell1&e=e aDdo r i i D l ~4i4 not propo1e aQ1 OTereea• col lec t iou a c t i n t i e a for CIA.Vbile Coucre•• recogDized tha t CIA would part icipate iu clandeetine collec t iou overaeaa, t.tte a t r o t ~ o ~110n to provide p e c i t i ~tor auch col lect ion oTerleal v u defeated, aDd, u a coapromi11 1 aec t1ou 102(4)(4) aud(5) of the •at ioual Security Act vere enacted, vbicb pen i t t ed the RationalSecuri ty Council to deterra1ue the extent t the col lect ion vork to be pe rfoi 'Hd b7 CIA.

The Wational Securit7 Council in d i r e c t i t ~ o ~the Central Intel l igenceAgeuc7 doe• 1 0 through • • t iooal Security Council Intelligence DirectivesWhich, o t couree are biDding upon CIA. When the WS forma a bal1c pol icy

Del aeaigne 1mplemeatat1on to CIA, the Agency then ba1 authority to goa.beacl. loveTer 1 i t a t1 l l aay be neceuary to so to Congreu t r authori tyaDd tuDda.

· •'



I I / / : )T H E ' W YORK T I M E S

FRIDAY N O V E M B E R 14



{

....... _ - ~__ u u e u uJll age zo, LO tunn

als · · m ':JJ( /;f. q71l I - • s

:arriVIartha Mitchel1,157 , 'Die-s ~

e-/ . . . .

;;/ O f ~ ~ o ~ e - M a r r o wCancer ia [ · 'By JOIL'l T. McQUIS_TON

e I i\1artiJ<LJv1itchell, the outd I poke ' estrang2d · wife qf for.

fmer· Attorney General-JiJclm ,. -•··--•·~ ~ ' l i t c h e l l , .died_ early yesterdayI t the Memor1al S l o a n e - K e ~ t e r

t, ing Cancer Center. She was 57years· old.

Her physician. Dr. Klaus~ . M a y e r ,attributed her death :o1

multiple myeloma-a rare. typeof malignancy that attacks. bone.

l marrow-complicated by hem-.:> orrhage and tenninal bronchial·- pnMmonia: ..- -- Mr Clt:riffhelr had ·surrerM .. ,_ : · ~ ; ~ \ · ~ ~ ~ i i f ~ l -. j ~ ~ ~ 5 ; 4 ~ ·

r from the '.malignancy " ' s i n c e ~ > · · · - ~ ~ >

: : · ~ ~ ~ : - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s ~ i ~ ~ ~ e ~ i ~ ~ / i , ~ ~i ~ a s ~ · _.,.,_, , ) t , ~ , . - ~ - - : : : ~ 2 " ' ' ~ ' < - " " -....· ~ pitalization Sunday fo lciwinga: , cardiac arrest, according to Dr. cc'' iMayer, who is director of the; · · ere·•blocid bank and hematology lab- ;views were wideiy reported'byy oratory of the cancer center. r the press haaa:-_knacldor sttr.·l · None pf Mrs. ;'; l.tchell's fam- ring controversy. · -. ·lt•ily w a ~))resent at h_er d _ e a t ~ j _As a ~ S Q J J . L h ( m__ _ _·d IHer son, C. Ray Jennmgs. who 'she enjoyed criticizing liberals,;rlh<>d been in close touch· v;itll;urge-d pdisciplibe"-:-fur'Vietnam r<, I her. was out of town and could :war protesters and "Suggested n.rlnot be .reached yesterday, Dr. thatn Mayer said: Mro--Mi1chelr lia <i·b. , e - - s u p ] ~ r r e s s e d - i h t c ' C o n4 . n t H ~ d · t < f t v

]. been .apprised of her conditior: 'reveal. , but did not come to the l-os· IWhen the WntC:tzate scandal

1 I : •



THP: N E W Y O R K TIMES Jt RJ Y. N O V E M B E R 14,

A Report inks C I A to Murder in · S ~



I

· • • • • • • • 0 i ,. ..... .. -.... ... - ~ - ... . a • • .. ... • • -. - ... J.

•



•

I

].

•

I -···



... . ..~ . . . , · -;. ..._._. ~

·,. - . . .·:.. ::.._;- -·_

~ . . .-

- - : ·~ (.. ..

. ., _ --:- ---- '

... 12 ; ..l:lrch 19o4~ ·f , ,~ ·. . . . . .. . --:-:-.- - - - - - - - - = - -\ . . . . -~ . . :

i E ? v . L o i ~l c ~ c; t m s R':sco:rtn .. -.. _..:;._•_ .rw- --" - . ........ ~ ·- . . · _

0. . . o ..A 0o

. ·-~ -· - St:BJECT: Maeting wiD. the Warren Com.mi.s3ion on 12 ~ a r c h1964 ··

J _ .. -

-·. - ' . .. .... -·::: - - ~ ~ -~ · -1: en 12 Mazca l ~ ~ ~ ~r -s rAF r _¢ F £ , c £ ~ ? .- ~ - . ~~ ~ ~

-· mafwHh ~ l r. lb.i'.:-in; Cli e i Coar..se. . IOr t.l e · · , ii ~ r e nC o : : u : l .i . s ~ b l1 , l-f.:::. 'V l- i l l ~ m sc:n,d ot1:ler m ~ m c a : - : soi 1.ir . ~ r. n : r i n 's stai l . The p urno..se o i ·

· thls :me etin g w ~ t o dis cu.::;s U : ~current s ta tus of the C L ~.:onb:ib'.ttionto the \"ior.:.t of th-a :1lar ren Con:.=r'..is.sic:l . ..l. • • . . . ••.• •. ~ -· - . : • ·

• ~ .... ;. .... ~ - • II. :.• • . , ,. ..

-; : --..:.. -~ ,_·· · 2.. .'The i re t to -ic .rais ed by : r r t a . n . : ~ i nconcerned.iniorm2.tion .

-·.:

.....

1 . .• . : on Lee Hm-vey 0S'ii'a .d'3 s t::ly in tbe ~ ov i . : t U.:Ji :ln < S r ec ort ed cy . the .::'B I ,.... . rosed oo tbei:r inten ' iaw o i t h ~. de.Ieccc.;, \ .. _ ·- . . . . . --- r j . Tb.is .. _·;· · ~ clisCtl.ssion is- rcper ted in a separate m e m o r :: ~ i z . . : u , . ,. . , _ ..

\ . . . . . . • - • • • • • .. .. · • • • .. • 0 .. • - i

: ~: .~: . . . . 3. Aiter ~ -p o s:i n . ;o ~the queslion oi ~- u e ? t @ r u o l · m .a t . t o h ·~ n .·· .. ·

- · · : :·: ~ · : :C.swrud; . r . R:>nkh's ; t : i i 3bowed t S J. c ~: ~ . i . " ~ ~ ~: : : 1 .\ ~m c r ~.: . n c i u mt ' l ~ lG_1.d· ~ - :prep:u-ed hazed en ~ l ai ~ e ~ o r : n a i i o n: V ~ 2l a b l eto c:1em, incluilinz . ··

our own cont. ibu.t.ion..conccrmng O s ~ c i l : Js t ~ ~ Yin th e U ~ . 5 2. T ~i ~ m:t -t e r i al , t o ~ ~ t l : e rwiili s ome q u - as ~i o n s~ ~ e c l i i c i l l y? .8 ~ ~ ~ J d~ o t . D . ~mate x·i::l.l

. we nro ·, ided, '.'lill b ~ fcrw2.rG.cd to ·us oy 1.ir. ?..an:-'h1 ':.; s ~ a i . Lr t \ : : t s then·.. fiuggest .ed tX:.t u . C

J.?.. o.::i:icar most f::: ..":li.ib.r '.v'ith ti1.;

= : : . t i : . ; : : - i ~ lp r o v i d ~ d

· cy CT..A on ~ e U2.S.R. a s ~ ec :. s o: i:hB O S ~ - ~ a l dc r ~a v is i t t;1c;; C c = : n i : : l ~ i o nin.o r d e r to ~ v i e w -on t.."1e : : p : : ~ t . i ~ etesHmo&ly g i ~ ; an ~ o tile C o r . .~ " ' " : \i s s io n :C.y11arin2. C 3wal d. \ l i - ~U p:ced t o send i:h.e a p ~ r c p r ] < : . t l 3o i l i c c ~b : . . · : : v i e~. T .t lis t es l i . i~ o n yl ~ t : : m ~ ~ s t 3 dtbct we wail unLi1 n i t ~ rr > 3 c e i ~: ; i :oi l l i ~m..a.-

.-

. r~~ ~ s ~: : : ~ l :·: £5

~ .R a -~ > i n ; ;.~ · ~ ~tb ~ ~~~ <:~" ~ r o u th ~ • t l ~ ;~ c u n dl · :·a bec k b O s ~ ., c l d 's r . o ~. : ; : ;: ; ; J ~c n a whi. c11 h ~ c . : :~ :t : l i . . 1 l _ ; ~ t e ' sC'..l :. Cl.J t giYir..g -.t he i:::npres.:1ion t.:J:.'C th i s m5.g : .t bava ; o r ~ ~ d~ ~ = : :t :~ . . . ; : ;= o r ~ ~ c yfor a .:ip,wr- ·::;yst ?\ 1 , They ::w k8d n h c~ il ~." : " H :?Cill-J c ~ t ' ~ : . - . ;I d . :iJ\ e :L.. O i ~ c n to sendv ~ i;oQ 1' tO r-:si io - " e••i <""/ ·-·. -:. " '" : "•1·" 0 : - :~ - . . ~· . - nn , •. '. ·,,Tc;:,-. - ~ : J c~ ~ ",..."il"Q - JP l ' l. " " ""· ~ ~- ~ " " n c y 'fc ... t ~ ~ :..~ . ~ 'l"oTA£'.#'- ·"· ·l·-c ~ ~ :~ : ~. ~ - l i· ~: ; ; ' " ; . ~ .:n.·:1 ' : ; : : :.. ; : . ; b ' - l A-LO:. ....... i Ff-1 C . e : _ j ~•, v ~ -" _ . c ; ;, , ,. .; • • 1 - -•4•\; · . ~ ~ ~ \'. "'-0:. '

do ne r e . f c: :~ m- ; e n : ; . i r - : ~ tti::;o 'r; i. : : . _ ~ ~~G ~ ; : a ir J l ' tior. o I.e::: C : r , 7 : - t . ~ c . : .' : : ; n o t ~ s

~ ~ i l lcl-. mcut or. dInjc rc d c I , roc<he r u: c >.:: : ~ : oi : :oe,:' ::=: :\::. nt2if . . . . _... .

: .. .. . . ...

...

. . ....



'. .

:.: . - :

~ . ·

: ~·..·... .: .

..

. ~ "':

. .·.··· . · ~ - · .. ...,· - .· .... . . .

\ ..- : . : . -2-

. ... . .... ." " : . .• I •

. .II

. . · .- .·- · -..;,;;,.

coo;.mented oo the iact t.h:l.t Oswald had o b t ~ e dec:ployment in thiscountry in a phctogr:1.piric i i rm through a ~ U $ ~ i ~ " 1friend. ::ie thought _ _.....- ·this might ha-;e a pos sible 0earing on any cla.-1C.estine c o ~ " : l . U n i c . . ' i l i o n-·systems he z::tight have. e ~ e i v e di.rom the Soviet3. . . - . __l ." '- . - I \ : · -.· · - · . 5. Members o 1i r. R:mkin's sW then commented on the tcs t i -

. mony of l'r1rs. Oswald toL ~ e

eiiectthat

t.'le lat ters i=om ?ler- son regard- :ing his desi "e to retur:1 t o the Unit2d St t iaa had the : : t p pe ~ a . n c eoi being-- -dictated since t ~ e yccnt:Un2ci none o his usual g:r::l.r ll:latic::ll e r ro r s ar.d .used l e g ~l<mgua.:;e wi th •;;hicn he would not have ~ e nf:u:aHiar .. . In this · -"connection, the fact t lat Lac O s ~ l d\ll"ota to the .Emb::.zsy requ estin g

.

-. · help in ar.:-:1.nging his retur::I to t le U.S. seen al ter rece ipt by the Emressy> :· of a telegr::ull fro::n tbe I>::p::u:tmect report :lg on cor r esponde nce ..-.rit l.

.

..

. .·

Oswald's ~ o ~ e . : -s ~ = . e dto i.:l-iicate to : : c e m ~ r soi )Ar-. a.1nk:in ' s sb.fftb.at the Soviets m l gh t ~ · t ehac access in s.;m s I:tZnion to the c ontent sof the telagrru:n. 'I' lay did r.ot b-ali eve i t was coL"'lciden t li that Cs•.vald' slet ter to the E m b : l ~ s yc:une L--nme<lialely on tb a heals cf th;- tel egramrom the ~ e p l r t l e n t .Thi3 lad to a clisc..Ission c t . . ~~ a p p e ~ 2 . I l c ein the

press of another talegram or : : : - e p o r ~ ,rom the Sm :ass)• in . Mo ~ c o wto

.

the -nepartment:· ·-·;.\·1r . Rankin said he would undcrt:l.. re- to c ~ . . r l i ythia... ·. , - .. . . . . ... . , .. ..

~ .: . :. . 6. · :WJI \Vi l l3ms noted ~ ; : '~ - I r s. Os wcld ll ld ...-,b.-educed a state- - ·ment . to tn e eilect tl::a.t she s u s ~ e c t z d1er no n to b-3 a CT...A n g - e n ~ :h l~ -. . ·~ v 1 l l e m saskzd - ~ , h ~ c h e rin b.ct O;;wald h w c . a ~ ma CL1. : , ~ a n t .~ / A r , :o , : ~ {

rep l i e d t ~ a i :na i u d n 6 ~ J l l ; - : - ) ' . _ J 1 ' " .·.-;;1llems them ~ . 3 1 : e dt 1 Crc ~ l ' < ? _ D . n y·~ y _ g_ I _p r o v i n gthis . - c / : ~ ~ r e e. J first r e m ~ : r e dt:ut in h i m und ~ [ A t : , :o F F

c - t h e Com.u1issiori fu ::i"tbe t·.vo Cl:tr.d estin;) S ~ r . d c e :o f f i cc r . ~· w t o

. ce1·tainl7 ,,7ocld know - : 7 h e t n ~ rOl" not Cs\7ald had c : : : ~ n:.:..t1ug;ent for CIAin the Soviet Unio .::te then Sal" ~ n a C o r : : : 1 mi ~ ~ ic i l we- .~ e e1s wc rd lor L 1 ~i::tct th:lt Os-:vald had ~ 1 o t,,_ :3 ~ e n t . .

ini:erjcc ed the vi9w that t.:le Commission c"J.d not : ) . d . 0 : ) t ~ - :t:ills prccedure ·m t ~other a;encies a.nd VlODCered whet wr t;:..ere ' ~ 3not SO: :le v:r..y toclarify this po int r:::::10re eiiectively £or t b . ~C c ~ ' 7 J i s . s : : m. C:1e c n ~ " ' : :~c s t i o n

he m..1.da ":f.lB to have ~ :l r . L ulle3, \7h o i.3 i ~ - : i l l l : 1 · ~· wit;.'l. C :. : ~ rec m:ds -procedures, re"liew t:1e m : J . t e r : ~v:h ch ,,;<;u.ld n or : r . ~. y D') h ~ J . don. a,3Gntsand repol t t tile C o ~ i : : . i s s i o n. . . .~~ ~ 1 0t : .: : r f > 1l : I 3 8 ~. t i c n\ ' l ~ s~ o fullc ..., t h ~ = ~ ·•l ~ a dof -the I:irector of the :2 3 1 ':'lho f o: :y ; ; : . : · d~ a ~ l s i i . i c ~ v ~ .to th e Com -mission reg:l rdL""lg the i ~ = u . . ' - u . r co }'BI rel::l: •}.1.S \ : i t h C.:;·:.rt="J.d . ~ · - ~-

7 A c o ns i d c r ~ b l e~ a r tc the m ~ et : n 3f : ::;:: 1 D : ; rx ·in t : : o ; : "~ · :~

cia links to jfk assassination

Documents