Central Intelligence Agency

., Washington, D.C. 20505

2 June 2009

This is a final response to your 26 February 2009 Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for a copy of "Morality and ethics/intelligence and secrecy in our democracy: [bibliography] 1977." We processed your request in accordance with the FOIA, 5 u.s.c. § 552, as amended, and the CIA Information Act, 50 U.S.C. § 431, as amended. Our processing included a search for records as described in our 3 April 2009 acceptance letter existing through the date of that letter.

Enclosed is a copy of the document you requested, which we determined can be released in segregable form with a deletion made on the basis of FOIA exemption (b )(3). As the enclosed document is less than 100 pages, there will be no charge for processing your request. An explanation of exemptions is also enclosed. You may appeal my decision to the Agency Release Panel, in my care, within 45 days from the date of this letter. Please include the basis of your appeal.

Enclosures

Sincerely,

rd)~n...~ Delores M. Nelson

Information and Privacy Coordinator

C05389095

......

.-,I . . { " v; . ..; • t'

/~r~l ity and Ethics/Intell igence and in OurDemocracy~~

," / ....... -:: •• -!: .

..:~~~l:; •. "f'::~;"~/·

(b),(3)

Secrecy

ACHESON, Dean, "Ethics in International Relations Today,ll address, Amherset College. (December. 1964.) "Mora1ity, Moralism and Oiplomacy,1I Yale Review. (June 1958)

ACKERMAN. E.C. IIMike,'" Street Man: The CIA Career of Mike Ackerman. Miami, Privately Printed, 1976.

ALLEN, Raymond, The Penial to the American Press of Access to Informa-'. ti on ; n the Federal Government, A Report to the Ameri can Ci vi 1

Liberties Union. ACLU Press Release. New York,ACLU, November 4',' 1955.

ANDREW, Christopher, IIWhitehall, Washington and the Intelligence Services,1I International Affairs (July 1977).

/ >"'j,' .,-, b :'-:-.

AQU-lNAS-,--Thamas-.-- ,-See---TI:IOMAS--AQUlNAS " -St~- --'----_.... . ... _--_ .. _-_ .. -- ~ .----.. -------.-~---.

. ..,. ... '! , ,. ~.

BALDWIN, Hanson W., liThe Future of Intelligence," Strategic Review (Summer 1976).

BARKER, Carol ·M. and Matthew H. Fox. Classi"fied Files.: The Yellowing Pages,. New York, The Twentieth Century Fund, 1972.

BARNDS, Wi 11; am J., The Ri ght to Know, to 'Wi thhol dand to Lie. . York, Council on Religion and International Affairs, 1969.

commentaries by Daniel C. Maguire, Wilson Carey Mc\~.illiams · W. Blackst6ck. .

New Includes

and Paul

BEALS, Ralph L., "Summary of Report and Recommendations of the Executive · Board," Preliminary Draft Report, Convnittee on Research Problems • and Ethics, American Anthropological Association.· (November 1966.) IIBackground Information o'n Problems of Antropological Research and Ethics," American Anthro~OlOgiCal Associa'tion Fellow Newsletter, Vol. 8, No. 1 (January 19 7). . .. '

APPROVED FOR RELEASED DATE: 30-Ma -2009

! f

I I

! . I

1 ! .

I !

C05389095

-..

BENNETT,. John C. "Christian Ethics and International Affairs; Guidance for Assessing Cold ~~ar Policy,IIChristianity and Crisis, Vol. 23 (August 5, 1963). Foreign Policy inChriSti~mPerspect;ve-'--New-.. __ York. Scribner's Sons, 1966.

BERKNER, Lloyd V., Ills Secrecy Effective?", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. X, No. 2 (February 1953).

BERLE, Adolf A. a,nd Malcolm Moos, liThe Need to .Know and the Right to Tell: Emmet John Hughes~ The Ordeal of Power--A Discussion." Political Science, Quarterly, LXXIX, No.2' ,(June 1964). "

BINDER, Carroll, "Secrecy,vs. Security in a Free Society," Harvard Alumni Bulletin, Vol. 57 (June 4, 1955)

BROCK, Timothy. Secrecy and the Disclosure of Information. Columbus, Ohio. Mershon Center for Education in National Security, Ohio State University. n.d~ ,

BRODIE, Bernard, "Morals and Strategy," Wor'ldv;'ew, Vol. VII (September --'''-'-1-96-4-) -;' ,·Ai -so -a-s---Mo-ra-l-s----a,rtd-S-t \"a tegy-y--RAND -P-a-pe-r--P-....2.91 S ~-5a nta_____ , " ____________ _

Monica, RAND Corporation, June 1964~

BUCKLEY. Chri'stoPher H., Jr., "Freedom of Spee'ch vs.National Security:, Is There a Middle Gr:-ound" Paper. Harvard National Security Policy Seminar. '(May 5; 1967).

BURNHAM, James, "Why Secrets?" Confiuence. Vol. 5. No.2 (July 1956)

BUS,H, George, "Speech by Director of Central Intell igence Before Worl d Affairs Council," Hartford, Conn., October 12,1976

BUTTERFIELD, Herbert, liThe Tragic Element in Modern' International Conflict," Review of Politics. (April 1950)

2

i

I l

I i I I j I

I ' I

I 'I I­I I

I

I·

C05389095

'.

CIA AND THE SECURITY DEBATE: 1971-75, The. Judith F. Buncher (ed.) with Charles Monaghan, Henry H. Schulte. Jr., Joseph Fickes and Stephen Or1ofsky. New York, Facts. on File, 1976. .

CIA AND THE SECURITY DEBATE: 1975-1976. The. Judith F. Buncher (ed.) with Joseph Fickes, Bob Hollingsworth and Chris Larson. New York, Facts on File, 1977.

CANHAM, Erwin L, The Ethics of United States Foreign Relations. Columbia, University of Missouri Press, 1966, ,

CARRITT, LF., Ethical and Political Thinking. Oxford, Cla";endon Press, 1947.

CATER, Douglass. The Fourth Branch of Government. Boston, Houghton' Mifflin~ 1959. Includes l'The Unending Fight Against Secrecy,1I and

. other chapters on i n·te lli gence top; cs. IINews and the Na ti on I s Security,1I The Reporter. July 6, 1961.

, /' CHILLY, Numade, L'Espionnage. Paris, Librairie Mi.litaire de L. Baudoin . ... \. ·-·--------·et'C;-e·;· -'1-BOO-;--Pt-;--"'h .1'L'-E-sp';-ari-I1a:§e-~et les·-·E--£p-~-oos-·au--PQ:j ntde -v..u.e· .--.--------_

-.... moral. 1I

CLEVELAND, Harlan., and Harold D. Lasswell [eds.] The Ethics of Power. New York, Harper and Row, 1962.

Ethics and Blgness~ Sciehtlfic, Academic, Religious, Pblltical and Military. New York, Harper, 1962.

COLBY, William E., "Address by the Director of Central Intelligence," National Security 'Agency Security Week, Washington, D.C., 1973.

COLBY, William E., "Director·of Central Intelligence Press Conference," CIA Headquarters Auditorium, Washington, D.C. November 19, 1975. .

• COLBY, William Ea, "Intelligence and the Press" address, Associated

. Press Annual MEet-; ng, Was~i ngton, D. C., Apr; 1 7, 1975.

COLBY, Wil.liam E., "Intelligence, Secrecy and Security in a Free Society,1I International Security (Fall 1976). .

3

I·' ..... -.---.----... -.---.-........ -.. -

i i

. f

I I I

I i i

. I

I I

I i ,

C05389095

,,'

COLBY, William E.s "Press Cont"erence Held in CIA Auditorium on 12 September 1975/· Washington, D.C., 1975.

COLBY. William E.. IIStatement by Director of Central Intelligence Before Government Information and Individual Rights Subcommittee of the House Government Operations Connnittee ll Washington, O;C.,March 5, 1975. .

COLLINS, Frederic W., 1110. Defence of the CIA; Too Much Pious (November 1966), The Round Table, No. 225 January 1967 •

CONNELLs F.J q liThe Morality of Spying,lI Ave Maria, XCI (June 4, 1960).

COOPER. Kent, The Right to Know; An Exposition on the Evils of News Suppression and Propaganda. New York, Farrar Strauss, 1956.

COPELAND, Miles, The Real SI!Y World. London, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1974. Chap. 9, "Some Conclusions. II

-~.---.--.... -...... -.---------~-..... "-' "---'-"--_._ ...... - ..... - .-----:------,----_ •......• -- ----___ :-___ ~.o_ •...

' .. . COX, Arthur Macy, The Myths of National Securitys Boston, Beacon Press, 1975.

CUTLER, Robert, IISome ConsiderattonsAffec,!:ing the Publication of Security . Information. in Time of Propaganda 'War,1I Address before the Harvard .

Alumni Associ"ation, May 1955, Cambridge, Mass_

DANIEL, Clifton, liThe Press and National Security; An Exposition of the Evil s of New Suppre-ss i on and Propaganda. II Address before the Worl d Press Institute. (June',' 1966). Excerpted as "Excerpts from .' Speech on Coverage of Bay of Pigs Bu;ldup~1I The New York limes, (June 2, 1966). cf IIRebuttal is Made by Schlesinger,li The New York Times, (June '.4, 1966).

DAVIS, E., IISecurity and the News," Public Admiriistration Review~ Vol. 12, No.2 (Spring 1952).

DECHERT, Robert, IISecrecy in Government - Does itExist?~1I address, American Political Science Association, Washington., D.C._ (Sept. 10, 1959) .

4

j_' ..... _._ .... _ ... 'h_,.. ___________ •.. ,_ ..... __ .-' ......•..

C05389095

I "-

DEDIJER, Stevan~ "Intelligence Policy," Research Policy Program, University of Lund. _Lund, Sweden, 1973.

"Defense and Strategy; New Accents in Military Thinking and Spending,lI Fortune, Vol. 48 (July 1953) pp. 35-36+, section entitled IICIA: No Comment on Anything, pp. 36, -38, 40.

000"0; Thomas J., liThe Role of the _CIA in the World of Today," address, Central Intelligence Agency Mid-Career Development Course, Washington, D. C . (June 1, 1965). - - -

DONNALLEY, Ga i 1 F., II An I nte 11; gence Agency in an Open Soci ety, II address, National Classification. Management Society, San.Oiego, Calif., July_ 18, 1974.

DORRIS, Thomas S., liThe Press. Intelligence and Foreign Policy,1I Paper, Harvard National Security Policy Seminar (May 5, 1967). MS.

DORSEN, Norman [ed.] and Stephen-Gi11ers [ed.], None of Your Business: --- -~-'-"-'Gdve'rnme-nr-:~cre-cy'i'n -Ameri-ca-;----N-ew-York; -V-ik-ing-P.res-5-;·-1-914~---u-. u

Dulles, Allen W., "We Tell Russia Too Much,1I U.s. News and World Report rMa rch 19,1954}.

Transaction Social Science and Modern Societ

_ FALK, Richard A., Law, Morality and War in the Contemporary World. _ New York,-Praeger,1963.

FEDERALIST, The, The Federalist~ A COlTUl1entary on the Constitution of the Un; ted States. Be; 09 a Coll ecti on of Ess-ays Written in Support of the Constitution. Ag-reed Upon September 17 ,1787, by the Federal ConVention. New York and london, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1888 ed. No. LXIV, pp. 400-406, Management of intelligence vested in President, secrecy and dispatch required. -

5

I /

I

C05389095 ..

. FLEMING~ Donald F.~ "ls Containment Mora1?" Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social SCience, Vol. 362 (1965), pp. 18-27.

FRANCK, Thomas M. [ed.] with EdwardWeisband red,], Secrecy and Foreign Policy. London~ Oxford University Press, 1974.

FRIEDMAN, Leonard M., "Disclosure of Infonnation: A Cojn With Two Sides," Public Administration Review (Winter 1957).

GOLDSCHMIDT,M.l. "Publicity, Pl"ivacy and Secrecy,1I Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 7. No.3 (September 1954) ..

GOULDING, Phil G., Confirm of Deny; Informing the People on National Security. New. York and Evanston, Harper and Row, 1970.

GRAHAM, Daniel O. "U.S. Intelli~ence at the Crossroads," United States Strategic Institute Report L76-l]. . .

I . !

I'

I

!

I I !

-,-" "'--_· .. ··_-bREEN-;-MUr'r'ay;-" I nte ll;-gen ce for·-$-a1 e;'L -A-i..r--Fe.y>ce--~ Nevember--l~~-----____ .. _ .. -...... _ .. _.. . '1

"Intelligence on a Silver Platter,.'· The Reporter, Vol. 12 (May 19, 1955) . .

GREENE, Marc T., "The Morality of U.S. Foreign Policy," Review [london], July 1966.

The Quarterly

HALPERIN., Morton H., and Jerry J. Berman, Robert L. Bot'osage and Christine M. Marw;ck, The.law.1ess State: The Crimes of the U.S. Intelligence Agencies. Washington, Center for National Security Studies, 1976. Also issued as a Penguin Paperback, 1976. Chap. 12, "Designing Effective Refonns," includes section, IIFirst Refol"m: End Clandestine Government. II (paper)

HALPERIN, Morton H. ,"Secrecy and Covert Intell igence Collection and . Operati ons. II paper. Conference· on Government Secrecy. New YOl"k, N. Y ., May 18~ 19, 1973.

I I t

I !

i

i

I

C05389095

r HALPERN, Manfred, liThe Morality and Politics of InterventiDn," New YDrk~

Council Dn Religious and InternatiDnal Affairs, 1953. [Revised and reprinted. in James N. Rosenau (ed.) International Aspects of Civil Strife. Princeton, Princeton University Press. 1964. (Apparently reprinted under first title, 1963.)

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, IIReport of the Committee Dn Re1ationshjps Between the Harvard CDmmunity and United States Intelligence Agencies."

. Cambridge, Mass~. 1977.

HELMS, Richard M., "Address to. the American SDciety Df Newspaper Editors," , Washington, D.C. April 14. 1971.

HERMENS, Ferdin-and A.; "Ethics, Politics and Power: Christian Realism and Manichean Dualism" Ethics, ~XVIII, No.4, [July 1958].

HIGGINS, Marquerite, IIFo11y of To.o Secret Intelligence; A Screen that . Aids FDe,1I The New Herald -Tribune., (June 7, 1953).

tAO.

--!-, __ --'---'---H1t:tENBRA-ND-.--Mart4rr-J..-.Jlewer--and ·Mor-a-l-s..,-HeW-YorJ4--C.olumbj a ... Uni ve rsj ty. __ . .._ .. _ ... ________ _ Press, 1949. ..

{ '-.

HILSMAN, Roger, "Intelligence and Policy Making in Foreign Affairs," World Politics [October 1952].

HILSMAN, Roger, Strategic Intelligence and National.Decisions. Glencoe, Ill., The Free Press, 1956.

HOWARD, Anthony, "Behind the Bureaucratic Curtain$ A British Journalist Reports on the Contrast Between Covering the News in Washington and'­London," The New York Times Magazine. October 23, 1966.

HOWE, Reginald H., "Freedom of Speech and National Security," Thesis .. {Cambridge, Harvard College, 1963} MS.

TNOUYE, Daniel K .• If Address by Senator Daniel K. Inouye, (D., Hawai i), Chainman, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Before the American Society of Newspaper Editors."· (May 2. 1977) -

7

!

I I I

i I i

I I

C05389095

IIIntelligence Agencies in a Free Society,lI Freedom at Issue (March­April 1976).

Irttelligence and the Free Society," (n.a.) Orbis (Winter 1916).

INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY, The: HistorY2 Organization, and Issues·. Compiled and edited by Tyrus· G. Fain in collaboration with Katharine·C. Plant and Ross Milloy, with an· introduction by Senator Frank Church. Public Document Series. New York and London, R.R. Bowker Company, 1977. . .

liThe Intelligence Community: Time for Review?" [n.a.], F.A.S. Newsletter (December 1972).

JONES·,. Reginald Victor, IIKnowledge and Po.wer:· Thoughts on Intell igence in a Democracy, Minerva: A Review of Science? Learning and Policy (Summer 1976).

-{-.~ ----- .. · .. ·KAP-hAN-,--Abf!aham.,-Ame.r-tcanEth.i.cs-<meLE.ubJj_c_~~o 1 i cY' .. uu_.New York andJ".gndo!LL_ Oxford University Press. 1963.

KIM, Young Hum, The Central Intelligence Agency: Problems of Secrecy in a Democracy. Lexington, Mass, D.C. Heath, 1968 {paper} ..

KIRKPATRICK, Lyman B .• Jr., The U.S. Intelligence Community: Foretgn Policy and Domestic Activities. New York, Hill and Wang, 1973. Chap. 7, "Intelligence in a Free Society;11

The Real CIA, New York, MacMillan. 1968.

KITTREDGE, Capt. Tracy Barrett. IIA Military Danger: The Revelation of Secret Strategic Plans," U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings. (July 1955). .

KNOCHE~ E. Henry, "Senator G. Hart Interviews E. H. Knochel! Denver, Colorado [KWGN-TV],.August 15,1976

8

I I

C05389095

....... --:!-, .. ,.

LARSON~ David L. (ed.) The Puritan Ethic in United .Stat·es Foreign Policy. New York, Meridian Books, 1957.

LEDERER, William J., A Nation of Sheep. York, Fawcette Publications, 1966.

New York, Norton; 1961~ and New Chap. 7, JlSecrecy in Government"

LEFEVER, Ernest W., Ethics and United States Foreign Policy. New York, Meridian Books, 1957.

LEYS, W.A~R., Ethics for Policy Decisions: The Art of Asking Deliberate Questions. New York, Prentice Hall, 1952.

LOCKHART, John Bruce, "Secret Services and Democracy,1I Defense Yearbook .. i975-76~ London, Royal United Services Institute fOr Defense Studies.

McConnell, L. F., Clearing Defense Information for Public Release, SDS Paper No. 5P-1465. Santa Monica, California, Systems Development Corp., 1963 .

. .. ". _._----------------_._-_ ... _-_ .... _ ...

I i I r

1 , 1

! I I I ) I I

!

I .. ._---- ._-----------_ ...... .

McGaffin, William. lilt's Almost Impossible to Get a Secret Out of CIA," .. The Detroit Free Press, (April 12, 1956)

MCGARVEY, Patrick J., CIA: The Myth andt.he.Maciness. New York. Saturday . Review Press , 1972. Chap. 10, "The Boom of Your Voice. \I

MCNAMEE, Michael D., Congressional Oversight of the Central Intelligence Agency: Observations and Analysis. Cambridge. Mass., MIT Center for International Studies, 1974 "Secrecy" pp. 45-47.

MANNING, Hobert J., "Foreign Policy and the People's Right to Know, U.S . . , Department of State .Bulletin, Vol. L, No. 1301 (June 1.1964).

MARCHETTI, Victor and John D. Marks, The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence. . London, Jonathan Cape, 1974: New York, Knopf ,1974. Chap. X.

"Controll ;n9.· the CIA II

9

C05389095

MEINECHKE~ Friedrich, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'Etat and its Place in Moder.n History. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957.

MONAT, Pawel, with John Dill, Spy in the U.S. New York and Evanston~ Harper and Row, 1961. Chap. 8,IIAmericans Talk Too Much,"; Chap. 9, liThe Press is a Big. Help. 11

MORGANTHAU·, Hans J., liThe Twilight of International Morality," Ethics, Vo 1. 58 (1948)

MORGENSTERN, Oskar. The Question of National Defense. New York, Viking Books, 1961 ed. Chap. 9, liThe Security Process: Information, Intel-1 i gence and Secrecy. 11 •

Moss, John E., liThe Crisis of Secrecy," Bulletin of the Atomic SCientists, (January 1961) .

. NAGLE, William J. (ed.), Morality and Modern Warfare·: The State of the .

.. _ .. _·_guertton-. -Ba-~timore-i· He 1·;-con--:P:ress-,-1-960 n -+i-noludes- -BR.QWN .,--Noe-1~-----.-----.----.- . J.,uThe Moral Problem in Modern Warfare: A Bibliography/I) .

NIEBUHR, Re;nhold. Moral Man and Immoral SOciety: A Study in Ethics and Politics. New York, Scribner's Sons, 1~32 ..

The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness. New York, Scribner's Sons, 1944.

NITZE, Paul H., The Recovery of Ethics. New York, TheCtiurch Peace Un; on, 1960.

OFSTAD, Harald, liThe Ethics of Resistance to Tyranny: An Attempt to Formulate Some of the Dilemmas Involved." Inquiry, Vol. 4 (1961), pp. 148-161;

·!lOp.posing ViewpOints on the Issue of Spying ,I' Skeptic: The Forum of Contemporary Hi story (Speci ali ssue number. 7, 1975). .

10

C05389095

PARKS. Wallace, liThe Open Government Principle: Applying the Right to Know Under the Constitution; Secrecy and Public Interest in Military Affairs~1I George Washington Law Review (October 1957).

PEGLER. Westbrook. IIAllen Dulles' CIA and Its Passion for Secrecy,1I The New York Journal American;, (July 17. 1953).

RASI, 1.1., liThe Cost of Secrecy,IIThe Atlantic Monthly, CCVI (August . .1960).. '. '

RADCLIFFE, Lord (Cyril John), Freedom of Information, a Human Right. Glasgow, University of Glasgow, 1953.

RAMSEY, Paul, War and the Christian Conscience: How Shall Modern War be Conducted Justly? Durham, Duke University Press,1961.. .

RANSOM, Harry Howe, Can American Democracy Survive Cold War? Garden City, Doubleday, 1963.

-'-. ---------------.--~.--. . ............ - ... - ..

Defense Po 1; cy and Pub 1i c -r nforma t i on::~Backgroi.in-d--Reacrfng:s-::'-':Ba"sTc~DOCumerit"s"~ --­Harvard Defense Policy Seminar Paper No. 100 (December 18, 1956)

i \...

Government Secrecy and National securitf; An Analysis.' Harvard Defehse P"olicy Seminar PaperNo. 123. January 1958). . .

Secret Intelligence and Democratic Society. Harvard University Defense Policy Seminar Paper No. 134. (November 1,1960) ..

IISecret Mi ssion in an Open SOCiety, II The New York Times Magazine, (May 21, 1961). .

The Intell igence Establ i shment. Cambridge, Mass .• Harvard University Press, 1970.

Central I.ntel1igence and National Securit,x. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1958 ..

REINSCH, Paul S., Secret Diplomacy; How Far Can It Be Eliminated? New York, Harcourt Brace, 1922.

C05389095

RESTON, James B .• "The Press, the President and Foreign Policy," Foreign' Affairs" Vol. 44, No.4 (July 1966).

ROSCOE, James E. The Ethics of War Spying and Compulsory Training. London, D. Nutt, 1914.

ROSITZKE, Harry A., The CIA' s Secret Operations: Espionage., Counter­espionage and Covert Action. New York, Reader's Digest Press, 1977 Chap~ 14, If The Future of Secret Operations. II

ROSTOW. Walt W., The United States in the World Arena, An Essay in Recent History. New York, Harper, 1960 •. Chap. 63, IIMoralism, Morality and the National Interest. 1I

ROURKE, Francis E. ~ "Administrative Secrecy: A Congressional DilelTlJla,lI American Political Science Review (September 1960).

ROURKE. Francis L, Secrecy and Publicity, Dele/Tl11as of Democracy. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1961 .

.. -."-~- .. -----_ .. _._ ... _-------,_. . -.- ---" . - . "--- - -.---.-----~-__ • _ _ ~H __ ._. ___ •

"Secrecy in Amer;canBureaucracy/' Pol itical Affairs, Vol. LXXII, No. 4 (December 1957). '

SANDLER, Norman D., 28 Years of Looking the Other Way:' Congressional Oversight of the Central Intelligence Agency 1947..:.75. C~mbridge·. Mass., Center for International Studies, 1975.

SAN OROZCO, D. del, "E1 espionaje onte lamoral, Razon y Fe, v. 155 (January-February 1957). Extracted as IILo spionaggi," Digest Religioso, III (Autumn 1957)

SCHWARTZ, Frederick A.O., IIIntelligence Activities and the Right of . Americans" The Record of.the Association of the Bar of The City

of New York (January/February 1977).· .' .

SEABURY, Paul, Power, Freedom and Diplomacy. New York, Random House. 1963. Chap. 6, "Ethics and Policy," pp. 1:38-183.

12

.. _-------_.-. _._----.,-,.' ...... '. " .... - .. -.... - ..... - .............. -_ ..... --- -. - ... -,"' ... __ ..... -•. __ ..

i I

I

I I

1

I !

I !

J

I j

C05389095

. -"".

SHILS, Edward A., The Torment of Secrecy. Glencoe" The Free Press, 1956.

SIGAL, Leon V., "Official Secrecy and Informal Cormnun;cat;on in Congress;onal­Bureaucratic Relations," Political Science Quarterly (Spring 1975) ..

SILVERT, Kalman H. JlAmerican Academic Ethics and Social Research Abroad: The Lession of Project Camelot." Background. Vol. 9, No. 3:(Nov­ember 1965)

SJOBERG, Gideon (ed. ) Ethi cs , Politics and Socia" Research, ~ambri dge, , Mass •• Schenkman, 1967..

SORAS, A. de. Morale internationale. p'aris, A. Fayard, 1961.

"Spies and the Press: Mum's the Word," The Economics, Vol. 199 (May 13, '1961) .

S lINE ,-r-.-C-:--, IIIthtcs-and 'Poli-ttca-l-t1ora-l-i-ty-,!!.-i-n--$-.--b-,-St-ok-esand"LW., " .. -... - ... Eley (eds.) The 1959 SUmmer Institute in Practical Partisal Politics. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, 1960.

STONE-, William T., "Su~veillance of Spying," Editorial Research Reports (February 29, 1956).

SUMMERS, Robert E., Federal Information Controls in Peacetime. New York, Wilson, 1949.

TAFT, Henry W:, "Freedom of Speech and the Espionage Act.1I New Jersey Law Journal (1921)

THOMAS AQUINAS, St., SUl1IT1a Theologiae [Latin text and English translation]. New York, McGraw Hill, 1964). First part of the Second Part •

. Questions 6, 19, 20, 21.

13

i I

I I

. I

I

I

I I

J !

C05389095

~. ,,,

\ ..

THOMPSON. Kenneth W .• The Moral Issue in Statecraft. Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 1966 .

. THOMPSON, K. W., "Moral Purpose in Foreign Policy; Realities and Illusions. II Social Research Vol. 27, No.3 (Autum 1960) ..

Ethics and National Purpose. New York, Church Peace Union, 1957.

TUCKER, Robert w. The Just War: A Study;n Contemporary American Doctrine. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1965

TULLY, Andrew. CIA: The Insfde Story. New York, ~lil1iam Morrow, 1962

TURNER, Stansfield, I1Secrecy in Ainerican Societyll address, Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles, Calif. August 12, 1977

UNNA,Warren, "CIA: Who Watches the Watchman? Harper's Magazine (April 1958).

- - --------------------------- .. - -- - .. --------- ----._----------------- _ .. -" -U.S., The Constitution. IIdone in convent; on by the unanimous consent of- ------------1

the states present, the 17th day of September, in the year of our Lord 1787 ••• 11 Article I, Section 5, provides for publication of Congressional Journals, lIexcepting such parts as may in their judgement require secrecy. II .

U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, Intelligence in the War of Independence. (BicentEmial publication) Washington, CIA, 1976

U.S. Continental Congress, Secret Journals of the Acts and Proceedings· of Congress from the First Meeting Thereof to the Dissolution of of the Confederation, b the ado tion of the Constitution of the nits States. Boston, homa.s B. Wait. 1831. Johnson Reprint.

1967. 4 v.) Includes resolution of Congress of March 27. 1818 for declassification of Secret Journals from 1st meeting to tatification of-peace with-Britain, "except such parts of the said foreign correspondence as the President of the United States may deem it improper to publish," and Resolution of April 21, 1820. providing for declassification of materials of Confederation period.

14

I I I I ! , ;

C05389095

U.S. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, Journals of the Continental Congress 1774-1789. (Edited from the Original Records in the Library of Congress by Worthington Chauncey Ford) Washington, GPO, 1905. See entries by date: May 10, 1775, secrecy agreement required for employees; November 9, 1775, Resolution of Secrecy adopted by the Continental Congress; Reso 1 uti onsof May 10, 1776 and May 13, 1776,. pennitti ng IIwithho1ding the names of persons they have employed or with whom ~hey have corresponded l1 by Committee of Secret Correspondence in laying its proc~edings before Congress for reading under injunction of secrecy.

U. S. SUPRE.ME COURT, 92 U. S. 105, 106- 1 07, (1876). Dec; s i on on secrecy and the secret service (clandestine intelligence) in the matter of Wi 11 lam A. L1 oyd

VIDAL-NAQUET, Pierre, La raison d.'etat. Paris, Editions de Minuit. 1962 •

. WAERING,· Kolbein. Kjellesvig, "CongressionalSurveillance of the Central Intelligence Agency," B.A. Thesis, Harva,rd Colle~, 1967.

-;------._------_. . ... -_ .. --_ .. _---_._--WALTERS, Vernon A., liThe Media and National Security,"address, National 'Press Club, Washington, D.t. (May 7, 1975) ,

.. WARNIR. Horace Everett, The Ethics of Force. Boston, Ginn & Co., 1905.

WATT, D.C., Foreign Affairs, the Public Interest and the Right to Know," Politi'cal Quarterly, XXXIV, No. 2 (April 1963).

WELDON, ·T.O. States ·and Morals; A Study in Political Conflicts. London, j. Murrary, 1962.

WlCKER, Tom, John W. Finney, Max Frankel, E. W. Kenworthy, et. al., liThe CIA: Qualities of 'Director Viewed as Chief ReiI'! on Agency," New York Times, (Apri 1 29, '1966).

WIDENER, Alice, "Govern~ent Has Right to Maintain Secrec.}'," The Indianapolis . Star, July 27, 1966. (Nationa 11y syndi cated column).

15

i

i ( I

I I

i \

I r

I I i

C05389095 t::

WIGGINS, James Russell, Freedom or Secrecy. London, Oxford University Press~ 1956.

"Will Secrecy Strangle Democracy?1I Christian Century, Vol. 66 (June 15, 1949). .

WILLIAMS, Bruce Stockton, liThe. Legal and Ethical 'Aspects of Certain Fundamental Principles of International Conduct." PhD. Diss.,

, Political Science. Johns Hopkins Uniyersity, 1920.

WILLIAMS, David G.T., Not in the Public Interest;.The Problem of Security in Democracy~ II London, Hu~chinson, 1965.

WISE, David, The American Police State: The Government Against the People. New York, Random House, 1976.

WISE, David, and ThomasB. Ross, The Invisible Government. New York,·Random House, 1964.

~- .

. -(-:-.-........ - .--.· .. -------W-I--S&r-f)av4-d:.,-a.r:ld.:lhomas-B-.-RossJbe~plona.ge .. Es.tab J i s.hroent . Ji~w. - York, Random House, 1967. .

WISE, David. The Politics of Lying: Government Deception, Secrecy and Power. New York, Random House, .1973.

WOLFERS, Arnold, "Statesmanship and Moral Choice,1I World Politics, Vol. . I, No.2 (January 1949) Reprinted in Stan-leyH. Hoffman (ed.) Contemporary Theory in International Relations. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice;,.Han, .1960. .

WRIGHT, Quin<;:y, "Moral Standards in Government and Politics." Vol. 64, No.3 (April 1954) .

WRISTON, Henry Merritt, Executive Agents in American Foreign Policy. Baltimore,Johns Hopkins University Press, 1929. Reprinted, Gloucester, Mass., Peter Smith,1967.

16

--~ ............ --~-----.-----.----.. -- ... --.- --. __ .

i [

I : \ I

I I I i

I

C05389095 . t:

(

YOUNG, David M., "Security and the Right to Know. II Mil itary Review . (August 1964) .....

YOUNG, Stephen M., I1CurbingAmerica's Invisible Government: The CIA" P1 ayboy (May 1967) --- __ ..

ZACEK, Joseph F., at al.·, II'Should America Support Nondemocratic Govern-. ments?1I Proceecrrngs of the Institute of World Affairs, Vol. XXXVII

(1963), pp. 226-233.

l7

I ...... : .. -....... ---'._.- ... .. ---....... , -..... --.. .

i I I .

PI

I I I

I

I