church & church history.ppt

7/28/2019 Church & Church History.ppt

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Jesus and the Church
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Assignment

Write a poem to express your feelings

about the Church.

In what ways can you contribute to the

mission of the Church?

How will you motivate young people to

actively participate in the activities in the

Church?


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Church/religion/denomination

Good practices/beliefs

Bad practices/ beliefs

What did you discover about yourself in

relation to your church?


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Images of the Church

People of God a nation in which God

reigns

Temple of the Spirit

1 Corinthians 3:16-17

Galatians 3:23-29

Body of Christ

1 Corinthians 12:12-13


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If you will be asked to describe the Church

what will be your image of the Church?

Explain your answer.
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A community

which had an

experience of

Jesus of

Nazareth
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The community

led by the Spirit ofthe Risen Jesus

A Church is born

because people

experiencedJesus and His

Spirit.
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Acts 2:42-47

They devoted themselves to the teaching of the apostlesand to the communal life, to the breaking of the breadand to the prayers. Awe came upon everyone, and manysigns and wonders were done through the apostles. All

who believed were together and had all things incommon; they would sell their property and possessionsand divide them among all according to each ones need.Everyday they devoted themselves to meeting together in

the temple area and to breaking bread in their homes.They ate their meals with exultation and sincerity ofheart, praising God and enjoying favor with all the people.


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Acts 2:42-47

What are the characteristics of the early

Christian communities described in Acts

2:42-47?

How would you compare the experience of

the ECC to your experience in the Church

today?


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Is it possible for the Church today to

experience what the ECC have

experienced during their time?

Which among the characteristics of the

Church do you like best? Why?


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Characteristics of the Early

Christian Community

Apostolic teaching

Explicit preaching and teaching

Examples and actions of the apostles

Community fellowship

Sharing of possessions

Caring for the needs of the poor

Holding all things in common


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Breaking of the bread

A ritual meal celebrated in their homes to

signify their unity and remember Jesus last

supper

Worship and prayer

Continuing the Jewish practices and traditions

of public prayer in the Temple and with theirfamilies


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In what ways can I actively participate in

the activities of the Church?

How can I motivate others to participate in

the activities of the Church?


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Persecution in the Church

What is persecution?

How did you experience beingpersecuted?

Who are those who have persecuted you?


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How does it feel to be persecuted?

Have you realized that in one way oranother you have also persecuted

someone?


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Persecutions in the Church

Acts 4:1-22 (Peter and John before the

Sanhedrin)

Acts 5:17-42 (The apostles second

appearance before the Sanhedrin)

Trial and death of the deacon Stephen

(Acts 6:8-7:53; 7:54-60) The conversion of Saul/Paul


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The Council of Jerusalem, 50 AD (Acts

15:1-35)

Peter, apostle to the circumcised

Paul, apostle to the Gentiles (Rom. 11:13)


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The Major Persecutions
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/The_Christian_Martyrs_Last_Prayer.jpg


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1. Under Nero (64 AD)

Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus

(AD 15 - AD 68)

Cause of Death: Suicide


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He ruled Rome from 54 to 68 AD

He needed a scapegoat for the burningof the city of Rome for nine days on

July 19, 64 AD. Rumor has it that he was behind the

fire. To put an end to the rumor he put

the blame on the Christians who wereat that time perceived to besubversives.


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Christians were thrown to the pit to bedevoured by dogs and lions, otherswere crucified, and others burned alive.

All these were done for amusement. The martyrdom of Peter and Paul were

carried out during this persecution

This persecution marked a distinctionbetween Jews and Christians by theEmpire.


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2. Under Septimus Severus

Lucius Septimius Severus

(AD 145 - AD 211)Cause of Death: Disease


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The Christian Gospel proclaimed Faith in

one True God that rejected belief in the

official gods of Rome

Christians took a relative view of Roman

imperial authority

Septimus Severus was the first emperor to

issue the edict of persecution.


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3. Under Decius

Gaius Messius Quintus Decius

(AD ca. 190 - AD 251)

Cause of Death: Killed in Battle


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He ruled Rome from 249 251 AD

He viewed Christianity as a religion full

of atheism and religion.

In 250 AD he issued an edict stipulating

that all citizens must sacrifice to the

gods in front of a Roman official and

obtain a certificate.


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Those who stood in defiance and did not sacrifice to

the gods and did not obtain a certificate were

arrested, exiled, or executed.

Bishops in Rome, Jerusalem, and Antioch were

those who were in complete defiance of the edictdied because of it.

The edict increased the publics appreciation of themartyrs will to maintain their beliefs. More Roman

citizens were converted to Christianity.


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4. Under Diocletian

Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus

(AD 240 - AD 311)

Cause of Death: Unknown


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He ruled Rome from 284 305 AD

The persecution under his reign was considered

the worst of all the persecutions under the empire.

At first he established peaceful relations with the

Christians. However, he knew for the Empire to be

truly united, he needed to restore the old religion

of the empire.


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He issued four detrimental edicts to the Christians.

These stated that all Christian churches were to be

destroyed, all copies of any Christian documents

including the Bible were to be burned, no Christian

could hold public office, and all Christians weredenied their civil rights.

The last edict was that they had to sacrifice to thegods or would be immediately executed.


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Christians in the East suffered the most asDiocletians subordinate, Galerius gaveChristians the only options of sacrificing tothe Gods, starvation, or execution.

The violence was so much that even wildbeasts refused to attack Christians.

The persecution under Diocletian signified

the destruction of the Roman Empire andpaved the way for Christianity to be thedominant religion in the region


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From Persecution to Freedom

What does it mean to be free?

When do you feel you are most free?

Why?


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Freedom

Freedom of Choice

Freedom to do what is Good

Christians were denied their freedom asthey were subjected to periodic and

systematic persecutions.

Until Constantine became emperor in 306

AD


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Known as Constantine I or Constantinethe Great by Roman Catholics and

Saint Constantine by the Eastern

Orthodox and the Byzantine Catholic

Christians.


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THE BATTLE OF THE MILVIAN BRIDGE

October 28, 312

In hoc signo vinces. In this (sign), conquer.


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CONSTANTINE AND CHRISTIANITY

Conversion:

He was exposed to Christianity thru his

mother, Helena.

He commanded his troops to adorn

their shields with the Chi Rho after

seeing a sign in the sky before the

Battle of the Milvian Bridge.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Constantine%27s_conversion.jpg


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After his victorious entry in Rome, he ignored the traditional practice of

conquerors of making sacrifices to the Roman gods and went straight to

the imperial palace.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Constantine%27s_conversion.jpg


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Patronage of the

Christian Church

He supported the Church financially.

He had extraordinary basilicas built like the St.Peters.

He granted privileges (e.g. exemption from taxes)

to the clergy. He promoted Christians to high ranking offices.

He ordered the return of all confiscated properties to

Christians during the Great Persecution of

Diocletian. He endowed the Church with land and other wealth.


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LEGAL REFORMS

Crucifixion was abolished for reasons of Christian

piety but was replaced with hanging to show Roman

law and justice.

Sunday was declared a day of rest on March 7, 321.

Markets were banned and public offices were closed.

A prisoner was no longer kept in total darkness but

must given outdoors and daylight.

Gladiatorial games were abolished in 325.


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ENFORCEMENT OF

ORTHODOXY

The reign of Constantine established a

precedent for the position of the

Christian Emperor in the Church.

Emperors considered themselves

responsible to God for the spiritual

health of their subjects, and thus theyhad a duty to maintain orthodoxy


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The emperor did not decide doctrine -that was the responsibility of thebishops - rather his role was to enforce

doctrine, root out heresy, and upholdecclesiastical unity

The emperor ensured that God wasproperly worshiped in his empire; whatproper worship consisted of was forthe Church to determine.


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IS JESUS GOD LIKE THE FATHER?


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Council of Nicaea I (325 AD)

Held in the City of Nicaea in Asia Minor in 325.

Called by Constantine the Great with Pope

Sylvester

Attended by 318 bishops and lasted 2 months

and 12 days.

The Creed of Nicaea defining the divinity of

Jesus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Arius.gif


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A HERESY

CALLED ARIANISM

It is a fourth century Christian heresy

namedfor Arius (c. 250 c. 336), a priest of

Alexandria.

It is a fourth century Christian

heresy named for Arius (c.

250 c. 336), a priest of

Alexandria.

Arius denied the full deity of the preexistent Son of

God who became incarnate in Jesus Christ.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Arius.gif


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GOD

JESUS

UNIVERSE

created

to create

as agent of the Creator(Homoiousios -

of like substance)

divine and like God

but there was a time

when he was not

ARIANISM

Fuller, Reginald (nd) Arianism retrived from http://mb-soft.com/believe on July 23, 2008


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Council of Ephesus (431 AD)

-Called by Emperor Theodosious II with Pope Celestine

in 431 AD

-Held at the Church of Mary in Ephesus, Asia Minor

-200 to 250 bishops attended the council presided byCyril, Patriarch of Alexandria.

Theodosius II Pope Celestine Cyril of Alexandria
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Nestorius-archbishop of Constantinople from

428431

-Accused by Cyril of Alexandria of

objecting to the practice of calling

the Virgin Mary the Mother of God.

-Condemned by the Council of

Ephesus which led to the creation

of the Assyrian Church of the East.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Nestorius.jpg


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Nestorianism

-a doctrine that Christ exists as

2 persons: the man Jesus, and thedivine Son of God as opposed to

the doctrine that Jesus is true

man and true God in one person.

They rejected the following terms:

1. God suffered or God crucified only the human

nature of Jesus suffered not his divine nature.2. Mother of God he only took his divine nature from

Mary and not his divine nature. Khristotokos (Mother

of Christ) be used instead of Theotokos (Mother of

God)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_061.jpg


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Monophysitism (Gk. Monos = one; physis = nature)

-is a Christological position that Christ has only onenature (divine) as opposed to the Chalcedonian

position which holds that Christ has two natures:

divine and human.


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Eutyches

-A priest and superior abbot at

Constantinople.

-He opposed the doctrine of Nestorius, by

contending that the human nature and

divine nature of Jesus were combinedinto one single nature.
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0S0205T5o1IRjAAvBmJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybWQwaXUxBHBvcwMxMQRzZWMDc3IEdnRpZANJMDg2XzEwOA--/SIG=1gtavbne2/EXP=1217345491/**http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fei%253DUTF-8%2526p%253DEutyches%2526fr2%253Dtab-web%2526fr%253Dslv8-yme%26w=119%26h=157%26imgurl=www.100megsfree4.com%252Fdictionary%252Ftheology%252Fepic%252Feutyches.gif%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.100megsfree4.com%252Fdictionary%252Ftheology%252Fepic%26size=4.7kB%26name=eutyches.gif%26p=Eutyches%26type=gif%26oid=fe16193e59e311d8%26no=11%26tt=40%26sigr=11km0v317%26sigi=11qt2nmg5%26sigb=12o0a2jfl


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the distinction of natures being

by no means takenaway by the union, but rather the

property of each

nature being preserved, and

concurring in one Person

and one Subsistence, not parted

or divided into two

persons, but one and the same

Son Of God, and only

begotten, God the Word, theLord Jesus Christ.


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as the prophets fromthe beginning

(have declared)

concerning Him, and

the Lord Jesus Christ

Himselfas taught us, and the

Creed of the holy

Fathers as handed

down to us.


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Lived from 1483-1546 inGermanyFather encouraged him tostudy lawA sudden religiousexperience inspired him tobecome a monk


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Gutenbergs Printing Press made it

possible for Luther to spread hisbeliefs

Posted his 95 Theses on Church

doors in GermanyGained support from people and

criticism from Church


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Some Local German Churchesaccepted Luthers ideasSupported by German Princes whoissued a formal protest against theChurch for suppressing the reformsThe reformers came to be known as[PROTEST]ants - Protestants


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FIRST VATICAN COUNCIL (1869-1870)

It was summoned by Pius IX.

It met 8 December, 1869, and lasted till 18 July, 1870,

when it was adjourned; it is still (1908) unfinished.

There were present 6 archbishop-princes, 49 cardinals,

11 patriarchs, 680 archbishops and bishops, 28 abbots,

29 generals of orders, in all 803.


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Decree on Ecumenismstressed restoration of unity, notreturn of non-Catholics to the Catholic Church; claims that

both Catholics and Protestants were to blame for the divisionduring the Reformation; Protestants are now considered

separated brethren.

Constitution on the Sacred Liturgyadvocated the use ofvernacular language in the liturgy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gesupietrochiave.jpg


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gesupietrochiave.jpg

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