7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

1/79

CHNG 3

VT LIU V HN HP

LM KHUN CT

T kha: Mol !"#$%&'(Mo%l !"#$%&'( Mol )a*( +"*'& ,

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

2/79

3-.- M/ 01U V2$ l"% l4! kh%5*(VLLK): nhng vt liu

dng ch to ra khun c g!" # loi: vtliu c$ %&n' cht dnh' c*c cht +h, gia

H6* h78 l4! kh%5*(--LK): kt h.+ # loi

VLLK tr/n th0o t1 l 2*c 3nh V2$ l"% 9 ;

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

3/79

3-A- VBI TD CEB HHLK

Brong Cu* trDnh c' --LK ti+ 2c v?i KLl@ng v4 VE dFn

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

4/79

3-A- VBI TD CEB HHLK

M Ju --LK ch3u

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

5/79

3-3- NHFNG TNH CHT C1N C CEBHHLK

3-3-.- T>*h Jo E to hDnh d*ng VE rU nt' chnh 2*c

Bnh dWo +h, thu7c:

X B1 l n

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

6/79

3-3-A- 0 ;*

--LK +h&i ; %8n khng %3 +h* h;trong Cu* trDnh l4" khun' vn chun' r5tkhun

0 ;* 8h? $h%9:X E7 [" c;a --LK (khun c*t \ =t)

X Loi v4 h4" l

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

7/79

3-3-3- 0 9h% *h"$

Kh& nNng l4" vic Q nhit 7 cao "4khng %3 tha 9i tnh cht c;a --LK

0 9h% *h"$ 8h? $h%9:

X Loi c*t l4" khunX ]&n cht v4 h4" l

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

8/79

3-3-- 0 $h5*@ kh>

Kh& nNng cho kh tho*t ra ngo4i Cua--LK

0 $h5*@ kh> 8h? $h%9:

X Bh4nh +hFn --LK

X E7 ht' th4nh +hFn 7 ht v4 hDnh dnght c;a c*t l4" khun

X E7 F" chZt khun

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

9/79

3-3-O- T>*h l*

Kh& nNng co %5+ c;a --LK cho +h+VE co d^n khi ng Zc khun v4 vtc khng %3 nGt

T>*h l* 8h? $h%9:

X Loi cht dnh

X -4" l

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

10/79

3-- CT LM KHUN3--.- MQ RS%

_hi" kho&ng bX khAi l

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

11/79

3--A- C$ $hW9h a*ha- N@%X* @Y9

L4 trF" tch c;a nha" thch'

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

12/79

;- Th4*h 8hS* kho*@ Z2$

ThW9h a*h: l4 kho*ng vt chnh

X YijP X P'XP' kgmd"#

X Bnc eb \ #b_

X 4u +h, thu7c c*c t+ cht: 2*"' v4ng' 0n IX Khi nung n5ng c5 chun %in th hDnh kp" =ftha 9i th tch: #' b' bb_

['*\8a$:

X 0jMqlPj#MeYijP(0: K'Ja) XBncbXbb_ M"9a:

X KPjM#qlPj#MeYijPM-Pj X Bnc bXSbbb_

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

13/79

;- Th4*h 8hS* kho*@ Z2$

C9 o#"$ \]$: h0"atit (0Pj#)' "anh0tit(0jM0Pj#)' il"0nit (0jMBijP)

C9 h^&o#"$ \]$

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X anh0sit (g_j#)' _a_j#I

X Bnc bbXbbb_

_*c "uAi: Ja_l' K_l I Yt

_*t cFn c5 7 =ch cao v8 YijP &"

%&o 7 ch3u nhit

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

14/79

9- Th4*h 8hS* R hW$

E7 ht v4 +hn %A 7 ht c;a c*t &nhh

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

15/79

9- Th4*h 8hS* R hW$

`%^ b9:X -t c5 kch th

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

16/79

Ph*@ 8h8 #9 R*h$h4*h 8hS* R hW$

cd'! TN CN R9e _ho b (hoZc bb) gra" c*t ^ loi %n

v4 ^ = l/n r tr/n cng

zung "* +ht _n l

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

17/79

Kf h"% 9$

khAi l

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

18/79

)g ?*@ 9$ $h'o *h! hW$ 9 ;

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

19/79

- H*h W*@ hW$ 9$

-Dnh dng ht c*t

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

20/79

+

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

21/79

'- Nh79 R"j! 9a 9$ $hW9h a*h

M E7 d^n nQ nhit cao =ai lch kchth

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

22/79

3--3- C$ )"l"9a$ "&9o* c&)"mea- 0n9 R"j!

E7 ch3u nhit cao (BncPSbbb_) tr$ v?ic*c o2it KL hn ch ch* dnh c*t

B1 trRng cao (S')' 7 dn nhit cao VEngu7i nhanh h$n =o v?i khi dng c*tthch anh

- =A d^n nQ nhit th+ hn ch c*ckhut tt do d^n nQ khun

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

23/79

;- PhW! Z" \g ?*@

xng l4" VLLK hoZc c*t "Zt cho nhngVE %ng -K c5 nhit 7 n5ng ch& cao

Bh

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

24/79

3--- C$ ol"Z"* cM@A)"me

Bnc bX#bb_ E7 d^n nQ nhit kh* th+

-Dnh dng ht kh* g5c cnh cFn nhi8ucht dnh

xng c th+ n' -K "4u

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

25/79

3--O- C$ C&o!"$ c['C&Ame

Bnc ebbXbb_

B1 trRng cao (S')' 7 dn nhit cao VEngu7i nhanh

- =A d^n nQ nhit th+ hn ch c*ckhut tt do d^n nQ khun

xng l4" c*t "Zt trong c th+ /u cFutnh dn nhit cao

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

26/79

3-O- CHT NH3-O-.- pq% 9S%

x +hn %A 8u l/n %8 "Zt ht c*t thun l.i cho vic chu[n %3 --LK' gi&"l

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

27/79

3-O-A- Ph_* loW"

Theo ngun gc: c5 =~n trong tf nhi/n(=t)' t9ng h.+ (nhfa' n

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

28/79

3-O-A- Ph_* loW"

Theo c im ng rn:

X Th%2* *@h9h: =t' "t "a IYau khinung' ngu7i hoZc c5 cht h6a tan t*cd,ng =` khi +h,c li tnh cht %an Fu

X Kh5*@ $h%2* *@h9h: nhfa t9ng h.+'n

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

29/79

3-O-3- )s$ l4! kh%5*a- Kh" *"!

)s$:t/n gRi chung ch1 t chGa c*c nh5"kho*ng alu"oX=ilicat ng" n

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

30/79

;- C9 *h! \s$Nh! 9aol"*"$

qlPj#MPYijPMP-Pj:nh" =ilicat ng" n

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

31/79

Nh! !5*!5&"l5*"$

qlPj#MSYijPM-PjMn-Pj Brong BB: "7t +hFn ql#c5 th %3 tha th%ng gP c6n YiPtha %ng ql#c*c ht =t"ang in tch

Bh4nh +hFn h5a hRc lun tha 9i Bnc PbX#bbb_ C9 9h%^j* ;"t* kh" *%*@:

X bbXbb

_: "t n

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

32/79

9- )s$ u*@ $&o*@ *@4*h R9)s$ ;'*$o*"$

Bh4nh +hFn kho*ng chnh: "n"rilnit

Bh4nh +hFn h5a hRc: (Ja'_a)

(ql'g)e(YiSjLb)#(j-)eMn-Pj 4u: trng' v4ng' 2anh 2*"

Br

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

33/79

)s$ ;'*$o*"$

Khun c*tX=t t

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

34/79

)s$ 9aola*h

Bh4nh +hFn kho*ng chnh: caolinit

4u: trng' 2*"' v4ng @' "4u gch

Kh& nNng trao 9i ion k" Br

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

35/79

- C 9ht R*@ &]* 9a \s$

Br7n =t v?i n

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

36/79

'- C9 $>*h 9h=$ 95*@ *@h0 i!

Br

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

37/79

0 hW$

_ng loi =t' 7 ht c4ng "3n =t c4ngdWo kh& nNng dnh kt c4ng cao

Ch"a l4! 3 *h! $h'o R hW$:

X -t th: bMbbXb'bPP""

X -t "3n: b'bbXb'bb""

X -t rt "3n: wb'bb""

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

38/79

0 $&*@ *Q

Kh& nNng tNng th tch =t khi ht n

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

39/79

w- Ph_* loW" Z4 kf h"% \s$

d'! xTN 95*@ *@h R9y

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

40/79

@- 0n9 R"j! Z4 8hW! Z" \g ?*@

% R"j! E7 %8n t

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

41/79

0n9 R"j! Z4 8hW! Z" \g ?*@

Yt l4 cht dnh cFn n

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

42/79

3-O-- Nb9 $h^ $"*h cNTTea- Kh" *"!

JBB l4 dung d3ch n

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

43/79

;- T>*h 9h=$M5 R%* M

M5 R%*l4 t1 =A gia =A "ol YijPv4 JaPj: =A "ol YijP m =A "ol JaPj

'b#P 2 YijP m JaPj

0j @"

JaPjM"YijP nJaj-

( nmP)JaPjM"YijP nmP-Pj

0j $z*@ M: dng J-S_l:

JaPjM"YijP PJ-S_l

nYijP PJa_l PJ-#-Pj

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

44/79

T{ $&*@

h, thu7c v4o l

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

45/79

9- PhW! Z" \g ?*@

E d,ng r7ng r^i trong =&n 2ut ccho c*c cng ngh:

X _ng ngh c*tXJBBX_jPX _ng ngh c*tXJBB ch& l@ng tf ng rn

X _ng ngh khun "u ch&

I Bh

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

46/79

3-O-O- Nh|a $}*@ h78

Jhfa l4 cht dnh hu c$ d,ng trang c*c cng ngh: khun v@"@ng %ng c*t nhfa' cng ngh uran I

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

47/79

3-~- CHT 0NG N

L4 nhng cht to =f ng rn cho chtdnh _5 th l4 v c$' hu c$ c5 th Q trng th*i

kh' l@ng' rn E

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

48/79

3-- CHT PH GIB

L4 nhng cht cho v4o --LK c&i thin"7t =A tnh cht cng ngh c;a --LK

_5 th Q trng th*i rn hoZc l@ng

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

49/79

3--.- Ch=$ 8h? @"a 9ho HHLK 9$v\s$

Ch=$ 8h?@"a

Tz*@;*

8hkh%5*

Tz*@9o ;8

L7*@u*@(

JBB 2 b'X'bx02trin 2 2 2 w#

t "a 2 2 2 w#n c

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

50/79

3--A- Ch=$ 8h? @"a 9ho HHLK 9$vNTT

Ch=$ 8h?@"a

Tz*@;*

8hkh%5*

Tz*@9o ;8

L7*@u*@(

Yt 2 we1 lun th+ 2 w#

t "a 2 2 w#

n c

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

51/79

3-- HN HP LM KHUN3--.- Ph_* loW"

a- Th'o *@%X* @Y9

Hn hp t nhin: --LK c5 =n trong tf

nhi/nM _ht l

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

52/79

;- Th'o 95*@ ?*@

H6* h78 9$ o(c*t "Zt): n" =*t VE /u cFu cao' Zc %it l4 7 ch3u nhit

H6* h78 9$ R!: n" %/n ngo4i' c5 t*cd,ng tNng %8n cho khunM /u cFu cao v8

7 thng kh9- Th'o 9h=$ >*h

--LK c*tX=t

--LK c*tXn

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

53/79

- Th'o ;

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

54/79

3--A- C9 $>*h 9h=$ 9a HHLKa- C9 $>*h *h"$ lf

M Jhit dung: c

PM E7 dn nhit:

#M E7 ch3u n5ng

; C $> h h=$ h

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

55/79

;- C9 $>*h 9h=$ 9 h9

.- 0 ;*:

Kh& nNng chAngli t*c d,ng c;angoi lfc

C9 loW" R ;*:

X E7 %8n nn t h h=$ 5 h

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

56/79

9- C9 $>*h 9h=$ 95*@ *@h

.- T>*h $Wo h*h: kh& nNng to

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

57/79

9- C9 $>*h 9h=$ 95*@ *@h

~- 0 $h5*@ kh>: kh& nNng cho kh i Cua- T>*h h$ i!: kh& nNng ht [" tO "i

tr*h 8h : kh& nNng loi %@ hn h.+

ra kh@i khun c' vt c

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

58/79

Gh" 9h

_*c tnh cht /u cFuph!i cao: 7 ch3un5ng' 7 %8n' 7 thng kh' tnh in hDnh'tnh ch3u co %5+' tnh +h* d' tnh ch3u co

%5+' tnh ch& MM' _*c tnh cht /u cFuph!i th"p: 7 =inh

kh' tnh ht ["' tnh dnh %*"

t Y t

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

59/79

3--3- C9 ^t% $Y *h 9h=$ 9a HHLK

a- C$ l4! kh%5* _*t c5 c' ' l?n kh& nNng l nhit c;a

khun tO vt c cao Th4*h 8hS* R hW$( h*h W*@ hW$ 9$:X _*t ht l?n 7 thng kh' 7 ch3u nhit

cao

X _*t ht tr6n: 7 ch&' 7 %8n' 7 thng kh'7 ch3u nhit cao

X _*t c5 c ht t+ trung: 7 thng kh cao

; Ch=$ > h

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

60/79

;- Ch=$ >*h ]&n cht cht dnh' h4" l

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

61/79

3--- `%^ $&*h 9ht $Wo HHLKa- Ch%i* ; Z2$ l"%

Ch%i* ; 9$

C$ !b":

X Y kh (th

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

62/79

Ch%i* ; 9$

C$ 9: +h&i t*i =inh:X Ph*@ 8h8 kh5: + =4ng +hnli %ng tO

X Ph*@ 8h8 b$: + =4ng +hnli %ng tO r>a +hn c+ ht

X Ph*@ 8h8 *h"$: nung +

=4ng +hn li %ng tO P +h

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

63/79

Ch%i* ; 9h=$ >*h

Yt: l tO "@ %N" nh@ = kh nghi8n

JBB: i8u ch1nh li odun v4 khAi l

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

64/79

;- T&* HHLK

Ha" @"a" RoW* 9a % $&*h $&*:X L4" !ng 8u th4nh +hFn hn h.+

X Bo l?+ v@ cht dnh %Rc ht c*t

_5 th => d,ng "* tr7n l4" vic th0och 7 li/n t,c hoZc chu k

-n h.+ c*tX=t: "* tr7n con lNn

-n h.+ c*tXdFu' c*t nhfa: "* tr7n c*nh -n h.+ c*tXJBB' c*tX2i "Nng: c& P loi

"*

; T&* HHLK

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

65/79

;- T&* HHLK `%^ $&*h $&* kh5 HHLK

9$v\s$:

X _ho c*t "?i c*t t*i =inhv4o "*' tr7n 8u PX +ht

X _ho ti+ =t v4o' tr7n Xb

+htX _ho n

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

66/79

M^ $&* 9o* lz*

* tr7n con lNn th0ochu k

\ L

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

67/79

;- T&* HHLK

`%^ $&*h $&* HHLK

9$vNTT 9ho 95*@*@h CmA:

X Br7n kh c*t "?i v4 c*t

t*i =inh PX +htX _ho ti+ =t v4o' tr7nXb +ht

X _ho JBB v4o' tr7n X

+htX _ho +h, gia v4o' tr7n

PX +ht

* tr7n c*nh

XJ+ tr/n PXV@ "* #Xotor SX-7+ =A X|Tl4" v --LK %3 v5n c,ce X_*nh khu X_>ath*o liu

; T&* HHLK

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

68/79

;- T&* HHLK

u trDnh tr7n --LK c*tXJBB cho --LK tf ng rn:

.- Ph*@ 8h8 .:X Br7n c*t ^ t*i =inh c*t "?i

X Br7n c*t JBBX Br7n c*t cht ng rn

X Br7n chung tt c& v?i +h, giaA- Ph*@ 8h8 A:X Br7n c*t ^ t*i =inh c*t "?iX Br7n c*t JBB

X Br7n v?i +h, giaX Br7n v?i cht ng rn3- Ph*@ 8h8 3(th d,ng): _*t cht ng rn +h, gia JBB

M^ $&* l"q* $?9 9ho HH 9$ *h|a

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

69/79

M^ $&* l"q* $?9 9ho HH 9$v*h|aR5*@ &]* *@%"

3 CHT )N KHUN

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

70/79

3-- CHT )N KHUN3--.- T9 ?*@ 9a 9h=$ \* kh%5*

M _hAng ch* dnh c*t

PM BNng 7 nh~n %8 "Zt c;a vt c

#M BNng %8n %8 "Zt cho khun v4 ru7t

SM -.+ ki" h5a l?+ %8 "Zt vt c

3 A Ph_* loW"

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

71/79

3--A- Ph_* loW"

Th'o %*@ !5":X Y$n n

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

72/79

3--3-Th4*h 8hS* 9a 9h=$ \* kh%5*

M _ht =$nPM _ht dnh

#M _ht 9n 3nh

SM xung "i

M _*c cht +h, gia

a Ch=$ \*

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

73/79

a- Ch=$ \*

L4 vt liu ch3u l>a dng %7t L4 th4nh +hFn c$ %&n v4 Cut 3nh c*c

tnh cht c;a =$n

_ht =$n v c$ (th

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

74/79

;- Ch=$ >*h

Bh

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

75/79

9- Ch=$ }* R*h

L4" ch" tAc 7 lng c;a cht =$n do =fto th4nh c*c ht k0o l4" tNng 7 nh?tdung d3ch

Yt %0ntonit0' d02trin' k0o cao =u I

%*@ !5"

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

76/79

- %*@ !5"

Bo "i tr

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

77/79

'- C9 9h=$ 8h?

Bo cho =$n c5 nhng tnh cht Zc %it.- Nh! .: l4" tNng kh& nNng t*ch l?+ ch* c*t

h5a hRc kh@i vt c: Ja_l' _a_lP' J-S_l'CuZng =t' CuZng n I

A- Nh! A: l4 nhng cht o2 h5a chAng ch*dnh c*t c$ hRc: hn h.+ VPjl JaPYjS

3- Nh! 3: l4" tNng kh& nNng li/n kt c;a =$nv?i %8 "Zt khun: KnjS' -#jS' KP_rPj'JaP]SjI

- Nh! : Jng cao tnh 9n 3nh c;a =$n: "t"a' n

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

78/79

3--- `%^ $&*h 9ht $Wo \*

Jghi8n "3n ht =$n Y kh cht =$n

Y4ng cht =$n t 7 "3n cFn thit

Khu trong thng khu

3 O )* kh%5*

7/13/2019 CHUONG 3

79/79

3--O- )* kh%5*

)* ;*@ 9h}"X xng ch9i "8"

X _h1 =$n "7t chi8u

X Kh5 =$n 8u

)* *h*@: nhng ru7t v4o thng =$n

)* 8h%*: dng thit %3 +hun !ng 8u'=$n dnh tAt