chronic kidney disease (ckd) - kielstein.com · disease (ckd), while relatively stable at 14.8 %,...

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) Gabriele Eden & Jan T Kielstein Nephrologie | Rheumatologie | Blutreinigungsverfahren Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig

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Page 1: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Gabriele Eden & Jan T Kielstein

Nephrologie | Rheumatologie | Blutreinigungsverfahren

Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig

Page 2: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Chronic kidney disease

1. Epidemiologie CKD

2. Nieren-TÜV

3. Folgen der chronischen Nierenkrankheit

4. Prävention der Progression

5. Zusammenfassung

CK

D V

orlesu

ng

MH

H | 1

6.1

0.2

019

Page 3: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Chronic kidney disease

1. Epidemiologie CKD

2. Nieren-TÜV

3. Folgen der chronischen Nierenkrankheit

4. Prävention der Progression

5. Zusammenfassung

CK

D V

orlesu

ng

MH

H | 1

6.1

0.2

019

Page 4: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Focus on the kidney!

Page 5: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

From: When and Why People Die in the US

JA

MA

31

5(3

):241, 2

01

6

Page 6: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

The United States Renal Data System 2017 report highlights current

trends in kidney disease in the nation

http

s://ww

w.u

srds.o

rg/2

017/d

ow

nlo

ad

/v1_c0

1_G

en

Pop

_17_slid

es.pp

tx

The prevalence of earlier stages of chronic kidney

disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %,

implies that an estimated 30 million American

adults have CKD, with millions of others at increased

risk. In 2015, 124,111 new cases of end

stage renal disease (ESRD) were reported

with a total of nearly 500,000 patients

receiving dialysis, 200,000 with transplant.

Page 7: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Trends in the prevalence of reduced GFR

in the United States

GR

AM

S et a

l.

Am

J K

idn

ey Dis 6

2(2

):25

3-2

60

, 20

13

2/3 der Patienten > 80 Jahre haben

GFR < 60 ml/min

Page 8: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Kidney disease as a risk factor for the development

of cardiovascular disease

SA

RN

AK

et al.

Circu

latio

n 1

08

: 21

54

-216

9, 2

003

Page 9: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Elimination von Medikamenten und Metaboliten

Sev

ere allo

pu

rinol

tox

icity. Descrip

tion

an

d g

uid

elines fo

r

prev

entio

n in

patien

ts with

renal in

sufficien

cy.

HA

ND

E et a

l. Am

J M

ed

76

:47

-56, 1

98

4

GOUT

Page 10: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-

vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation

ST

EF

FE

L et a

l.

Eu

rop

ean

Hea

rt Jo

urn

al 3

9, 1

330–

1393, 2

01

8

Page 11: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Chronic kidney disease

1. Epidemiologie CKD

2. Nieren-TÜV

3. Folgen der chronischen Nierenkrankheit

4. Prävention der Progression

5. Zusammenfassung

CK

D V

orlesu

ng

MH

H | 1

6.1

0.2

019

Page 12: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Serumkreatinin – der Laborwert der die Nierenfunktion verschleiertW

WW

.dgfn

.eu

0

2

4

6

8

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

S-K

rea

tin

in(m

g%

)

Kreatinin-Clearance (ml/min)

Stadium I

(GFR >90)

Stadium II

(GFR 60-90)

Stadium III

(GFR 30-60)

St. IV

(15-30)

evtl. „normales“ S-Kreatinin (<1,2 mg/dl; 106 µmol/l)

S-Kreatinin 2 mg/dl; 177µmol/l)

S-K

reatin

in(µ

mol/l)

0

177

354

530

707

Page 13: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

„Kreatinin ist normal“

„Ich habe ein Auto“

http://f.blick.ch/img/aktuell/origs894861/1150484113-w980-h640/Carlos-Sosa.jpg

Page 14: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

„Kreatinin ist normal“

„Ich habe ein Auto“

http://f.blick.ch/img/aktuell/origs894861/1150484113-w980-h640/Carlos-Sosa.jpg

Page 15: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Inulinclearance- genau aber ungeeignet für die PraxisW

WW

.dgfn

.eu

• Inulinclearance – beste Methode aber

ungeeignet für die klinische

Anwendung

• glomerulär gefiltert

• Inulin wird durch Nierentubuli

weder reabsorbiert noch sezerniert

• kein metabolischer Abbau

Topinambur

Helianthus tuberosus

Page 16: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

KreatininclearanceW

WW

.dgfn

.eu

Page 17: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Berechnete Kreatininclearance nach Cockroft-Gault – obsolet

Co

ckcro

ft DW

, Ga

ult

MH

. Pred

iction

of crea

tinin

e

cleara

nce fro

m seru

m crea

tinin

e. Nep

hro

n. 1

97

6;1

6:3

1–

41

Page 18: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum

creatinine: a new prediction equation. MDRD Study Group (n=1628).

LE

VE

Y et a

l.

An

n In

tern M

ed. 1

6;1

30(6

):461-7

0, 1

999

Page 19: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

A New Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate

LE

VE

Y et a

l.

An

n In

tern M

ed. . 1

50:6

04

-612

, 20

09

Page 20: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

A New Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate

LE

VE

Y et a

l.

An

n In

tern M

ed. . 1

50:6

04

-612

, 20

09

Page 21: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

A New Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate

LE

VE

Y et a

l.

An

n In

tern M

ed. . 1

50:6

04

-612

, 20

09

Page 22: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

A New Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate

LE

VE

Y et a

l.

An

n In

tern M

ed. . 1

50:6

04

-612

, 20

09

Page 23: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others
Page 24: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

“Die Augengefäße sind ein Spiegel der Nierengefäße”

Page 25: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others
Page 26: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Mikroalbuminurie - Frühwarnsystem für den nierenkranken

Diabetiker

DIK

O &

RIT

Z D

eutsch

es Ärzteb

latt, 1

00

: 17

,20

03

Bild

: Ja

n T

Kielstein

Page 27: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of CKD

Kid

ney

Intern

atio

nal V

OL

UM

E 1

| ISS

UE

3 |

20

13

Page 28: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Clinical Practice Guideline

for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease

Kid

ney

Intern

atio

nal S

up

plem

ents

3, 1

5–

18, 2

013

Page 29: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Clinical Practice Guideline

for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease

Kid

ney

Intern

atio

nal S

up

plem

ents

3, 1

5–

18, 2

013

Page 30: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Stabilität der Nierenfunktion – Grundvoraussetzung für eGFR !

http

://ww

w.sp

iegel.d

e/po

litik/d

eutsch

lan

d/n

ierensp

end

e-

steinm

eier-v

erla

esst-kra

nk

enh

au

s-a-7

15

26

8.h

tml

Page 31: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Stabilität der Nierenfunktion – Grundvoraussetzung für eGFR !

http

://ww

w.sp

iegel.d

e/po

litik/d

eutsch

lan

d/n

ierensp

end

e-

steinm

eier-v

erla

esst-kra

nk

enh

au

s-a-7

15

26

8.h

tml

90 ml/min : 2 = 45 ml/min

≠eGFR 62 ml/min

Page 32: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Vergleich von eGFR und gemessener GFR bei

Stammzelltransplantierten Patienten

HIN

GO

RA

MI et a

l.

Clin

J A

m S

oc N

eph

rol

10

: 60

1–

610, 2

01

5

GOUT

“The estimating equations are neither accurate nor precise in the

hematopoietic cell transplant population, and clinical decision may

require measurement of GFR.”

Page 33: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Neither creatinine- nor cystatin C-estimated GFR is optimal in

oncology patients treated with targeted agents

VE

RM

AS

SE

N et a

l.

Nep

hro

lD

ial T

ran

spla

nt 3

3: 4

02

–4

08, 2

01

8

GOUT

Page 34: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Chronic kidney disease

1. Epidemiologie CKD

2. Nieren-TÜV

3. Folgen der chronischen Nierenkrankheit

4. Prävention der Progression

5. Zusammenfassung

CK

D V

orlesu

ng

MH

H | 1

6.1

0.2

019

Page 35: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Accelerated atherosclerosis

in prolonged maintenance hemodialysis

LIN

DN

ER

et al.

N E

ng

l J M

ed29

0:6

97-7

01, 1

97

4

Accelerated atherosclerosis

in prolonged maintenance hemodialysis

Page 36: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Vitamin D

GOUTEPO

NeoRecormon

EPO

Page 37: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Vitamin D

GOUT

Page 39: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Effekte und Therapie der Hyperkaliämie

ZIE

SC

HA

NG

http

s://ww

w.a

kd

ae.d

e/Arzn

eimittelth

erap

ie/A

VP

/vo

rab

/Hyp

erkalia

em

ie.pd

f

GOUT

Page 40: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others
Page 41: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Heart failure in patients with or without CKD, 2016

20

18

An

nu

al D

ata

Rep

ort

Volu

me 1

CK

D, C

hap

ter 4

Page 42: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Prevalence and risk factors of gout in a large cohort of patients

with CKD: the GCKD study (n=5,217)

JIN

G et a

l. ND

T 3

0(4

):613

-21

, 20

15

Gicht

Hyperurikämie

Page 43: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Cognitive function at a serum creatinine of 2443 µmol/l

SC

HN

EID

ER

et al. B

MC

Nep

hro

lB

MC

Nep

hro

l13

:86, 2

012

Page 44: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Cognitive function at a serum creatinine of 2443 µmol/l

SC

HN

EID

ER

et al. B

MC

Nep

hro

lB

MC

Nep

hro

l13

:86, 2

012

Page 46: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Diuretika – tubuläre Wirkmechanismen und nephrologische

Indikationen

KIE

LS

TE

IN &

FL

ISE

R

Der N

eph

rolo

ge,

20

08

GOUT

Mit zunehmender Niereninsuffizienz akkumulieren endogene organische Säuren und hemmen

kompetitiv die aktive Sektretion der Schleifendiuretika im proximalen Tubulus !

Page 47: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Laws of the house of god.

Age + BUN = Lasix dose

Page 48: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Chronic kidney disease

1. Epidemiologie CKD

2. Nieren-TÜV

3. Folgen der chronischen Nierenkrankheit

4. Prävention der Progression

5. Zusammenfassung

CK

D V

orlesu

ng

MH

H | 1

6.1

0.2

019

Page 49: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Time-Centered Approach to Understanding Risk Factors for the

Progression of CKD

KU

et al.

Clin

J A

m S

oc N

eph

rol. 1

3(5

):693

-701, 2

018

Page 50: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Blutdruck und Dialysepflichtigkeit

(n= 332 544)

KL

AG

et al. N

En

gl

J M

ed. 3

34

(1):1

3-1

8, 1

99

6

Page 51: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Hannover – München

mit 5 l Diesel

ww

w.fa

hr-d

och

-zug

.de

Page 52: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others
Page 53: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others
Page 54: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

An acute fall in estimated glomerular filtration rate during treatment

with losartan predicts a slower decrease in long-term renal function

HO

LT

KA

MP

et al.

Kid

ney In

t. ;80(3

):282-7

, 20

11

Page 55: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Diet Soda Consumption and Risk of Incident End Stage Renal Disease

RE

BH

OL

Z et a

l. Clin

J A

m S

oc

Nep

hro

l

Ja

n 6

;12

(1):7

9-8

6, 2

017

Page 56: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Caffeine consumption and mortality in chronic kidney disease: a

nationally representative analysis

VIE

RA

et al. N

eph

rol

Dia

lT

ran

spla

nt.

20

18

Sep

12

. ] ww

w.n

espresso

.com

Page 57: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Self-Reported Tobacco, Alcohol, and Illicit Drug Use

and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

BU

ND

Y et a

l.

Clin

J A

m S

oc

Nep

hro

l.13

(7):9

93

-100

, 20

18

Page 58: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and CKD Progression

HE

et al.

JA

SN

27

(4)

12

02

-1212, 2

016

Page 59: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Physical activity and rapid decline in kidney function among

older adults.

RO

BIN

SO

N-C

OH

EN

et al. A

rchIn

tern M

ed

16

9:2

116-2

123, 2

009

Page 60: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Chronic kidney disease

1. Epidemiologie CKD

2. Nieren-TÜV

3. Folgen der chronischen Nierenkrankheit

4. Prävention der Progression

5. Zusammenfassung

CK

D V

orlesu

ng

MH

H | 1

6.1

0.2

019

Page 61: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

Single-dose diclofenac in healthy volunteers can cause decrease in

renal perfusion measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging

HE

LL

MS

et al. J

Ph

arm

Ph

arm

aco

l. 20

19

Ma

y 2

7. d

oi: 1

0.1

111

/jph

p.1

31

05

AKI

Page 63: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

“Perfektion ist nicht dann erreicht, wenn es nichts mehr

hinzu zu fügen gibt, sondern wenn man nichts mehr

weglassen kann.”

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

Page 64: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others
Page 65: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - kielstein.com · disease (CKD), while relatively stable at 14.8 %, implies that an estimated 30 million American adults have CKD, with millions of others

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