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Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook 1 April 07, 2008 Mar 258:02 PM The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Chapter 15 Mar 258:56 PM Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: Genes have a specific loci on chromosomes and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment. Mar 258:04 PM

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Page 1: Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook - Wikispacesbiology121.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chromosomal+Inheritance+2007… · Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: ... •Reproductive sterility

Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook

1

April 07, 2008

Mar 25­8:02 PM

The ChromosomalBasisofInheritanceChapter 15

Mar 25­8:56 PM

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance:

Genes have a specific loci on chromosomes and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment.

Mar 25­8:04 PM

Page 2: Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook - Wikispacesbiology121.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chromosomal+Inheritance+2007… · Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: ... •Reproductive sterility

Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook

2

April 07, 2008

Mar 25­8:04 PM

Mar 25­8:04 PM

Mar 25­8:05 PM

Drosophila melanogaster ­ a species of fruit flyWild type with normal colored eyes

Page 3: Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook - Wikispacesbiology121.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chromosomal+Inheritance+2007… · Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: ... •Reproductive sterility

Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook

3

April 07, 2008

Mar 25­9:09 PM

Drosophila melanogaster ­ a mutant with white eyes

Mar 25­8:06 PM

Mar 25­9:16 PM

Sex linked traits in fruit flies

Page 4: Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook - Wikispacesbiology121.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chromosomal+Inheritance+2007… · Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: ... •Reproductive sterility

Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook

4

April 07, 2008

Mar 26­10:39 AM

Sex Linked Characters and the Punnett Square

Mar 25­8:11 PM

Linked genes ­ Genes located on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together because the chromosome is passed along as a unit.Predict the phenotypic ratios from the following cross and if you get 2300 offsprings, how many of each type would you get?

Dihybrid Double mutantb+ b vg + vg X b b vg vg

b vg

b+ vg + b+ vg b vg + b vg

Mar 25­8:11 PM

If the b and vg genes are linked. What type of gametes would you expect from the following crosses? What would be the phenotypic ratios?

Dihybrid Double mutantb+ b vg + vg X b b vg vg

b vg

b+ vg + b+ vg b vg + b vg

How would you explain the following phenotypical results?

Grey body with normal wings ­ 965 fliesBlack body with vestigial wings ­ 944 fliesGrey body with vestigial wings ­ 206 fliesBlack body with normal wings ­ 185 flies

Page 5: Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook - Wikispacesbiology121.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chromosomal+Inheritance+2007… · Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: ... •Reproductive sterility

Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook

5

April 07, 2008

Mar 25­8:11 PM

Mar 25­9:52 PM

Mar 25­8:08 PM

Page 6: Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook - Wikispacesbiology121.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chromosomal+Inheritance+2007… · Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: ... •Reproductive sterility

Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook

6

April 07, 2008

Mar 25­8:13 PM

Mar 25­8:14 PM

Sex­linkedgenes have uniquepatterns ofinheritance.

Mar 27­9:22 AM

Sex­linked Disorders in Humans

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Hemophilia

Page 7: Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook - Wikispacesbiology121.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chromosomal+Inheritance+2007… · Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: ... •Reproductive sterility

Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook

7

April 07, 2008

Mar 27­9:24 AM

ColourBlindness

Mar 27­9:25 AM

Color tests

Mar 25­8:15 PM

X­Inactivation in Female MammalsBarr

Body

Page 8: Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook - Wikispacesbiology121.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chromosomal+Inheritance+2007… · Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: ... •Reproductive sterility

Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook

8

April 07, 2008

Mar 25­8:15 PM

Non­disjunction

Mar 25­8:17 PM

Mar 28­8:10 PM

Turner Syndrome

Turner_syndrome SymptomsCommon symptoms of Turner syndrome include• Short stature • Lymphoedema  (swelling) of the hands and feet • Broad chest ( shield chest ) and widely­spaced nipples • Low hairline • Low­set ears • Reproductive sterility • Amenorrhea  or the absence of a menstrual period Other symptoms may include a small lower jaw (micrognathia),  cubitus valgus  (turned­in elbows), a  webbed neck  ,soft upturned nails,  Simian crease  and  drooping eyelids.    Less common are  pigmented moles  , hearing loss, and a high­arch palate (narrow maxilla). Turner syndrome manifests itself differently in each female affected by the condition, and no two individuals will share the same symptoms

Page 9: Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook - Wikispacesbiology121.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chromosomal+Inheritance+2007… · Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: ... •Reproductive sterility

Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook

9

April 07, 2008

Mar 28­8:13 PM

Klinefelter's syndrome

The SYMPTOMS: After Puberty: Arm span exceeds height by more that an inch. No or very little body hair and no facial hair. High voice. Minimal muscle growth in arms/legs. Weak or no energy. Small testicles. Breast Tissue (not just fat, but actually firm breasts). Low Testosterone Level. High Estrogen Level. Karotype reveals XXY sex chromosomes. 

Mar 28­8:19 PM

Mar 28­8:23 PM

Patau's syndrome

Serious eye, brain, circulatory defects as well as cleft palate. 1:5000 live births. Children rarely live more than a few months.

Page 10: Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook - Wikispacesbiology121.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chromosomal+Inheritance+2007… · Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: ... •Reproductive sterility

Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook

10

April 07, 2008

Mar 28­8:25 PM

Edward's syndrome

Almost every organ system affected 1:10,000 live births. Children with  full  Trisomy 18 generally do not live more than a few months. 

Mar 25­8:16 PM

Polyploid Tetraploid viscacha rat from Argentina

Mar 25­8:19 PM

Page 11: Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook - Wikispacesbiology121.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chromosomal+Inheritance+2007… · Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: ... •Reproductive sterility

Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook

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April 07, 2008

Mar 25­8:21 PM

Cri du ChatSyndrome

Mar 25­8:23 PM

Mar 25­8:29 PM

, , , , , , , , , .

Microdeletion 22q11.2

Cri­du­chat

Cornelia de Lange

Fragile X

Mucopolysaccharidosis III

Noonan

Prader­Willi

Smith­Lemli­Opitz

Sotos

Williams­Beuren

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Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook

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April 07, 2008

Mar 28­9:20 PM

Mar 28­9:04 PM

Genomic imprinting:In mammals certain genes are silenced, while its allele on the homologous chromosome is expressed. This may depend on whther the gene resides in a female or in a male.

Prader­Willi syndrome ­ deletion on chromosome 15 inherited from the father.

Angelman syndrome ­ same deletion on chromosome 15 but inherited fromthemother.

Mat Schneider

General characteristics of children with AS:   Lack of speech    Hyperactivity   Very happy demeanor   Sleep disturbance   Wide gait or stiff walk   Seizure disorder   Fascination with water and plastic   Global developmental delay   Hands and arms that flap especially when excited  

Mar 28­9:41 PM

Extranuclear Genes:

Genes found on the mitochondria's DNA and on the chloroplasts DNA will not show Mendelian's pattern of inheritance.

Page 13: Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook - Wikispacesbiology121.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chromosomal+Inheritance+2007… · Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: ... •Reproductive sterility

Chromosomal Inheritance 2007.notebook

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April 07, 2008

Mar 29­11:11 AM