chromium 6 philip sithi-amnuai an overview for the sierra club 2012
TRANSCRIPT
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Chromium 6
Philip Sithi-Amnuai
An overview for the Sierra Club 2012
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What is Chromium 6
A heavy metal A chemical compound where the element
Chromium exists in the +6 oxidation state
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Structure of Chromium 6(1)
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Sources of Cr6+ Paint and primers Autobody shops Plastics Electroplating Byproduct of nuclear fuel production
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Effects of Cr6+(2)
Recognized carcinogen Suspected respiratory toxicant
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Recent regulatory developments
July 29 2011 Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) proposed new Public Health Goal (PHG) of 0.02 ppb
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State of California must set Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) and Public Health Goal (PHG)
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BUT
Data collected in the early 2000's were at the 1ppb level
New PHG is 50 times below detection level for the latest data
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EPA will issue guidelines on new monitoring levels
Total MCL for Chromium already exists at 50ppb
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At present
CDPH has an unregulated contaminant monitoring rule (UCMR) and collects voluntary data on Cr6+
CDPH anticipates 18 to 24 months to develop MCL formal rules
This takes into account the actual feasibility and economic cost of the new 0.02 ppb level
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This would include the following
Drafting legislation Development of actual test at new level Estimate of populations exposed to Cr6+ Costs of treatment Cost benefit analysis Review by Department of Finance Submitting to Office of Administrative law
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45 public commentary period Second 15 day public commentary period Response to comments Submit to OAL for final review Upon approval, sign into law within 30 days
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Treatment options
As investigated by the city of Glendale(3)
Weak base anion exchange (WBA)
Strong base anion exchange (SBA)
Reduction/coagulation/filtration (RCF)
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Treatment options
Pilot projects were built by Glendale 425 GPM WBA 100 GPM RCF
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Treatment options-RCF Similar to conventional treatment Ferrous sulfate is used to reduce CR6+ to Cr 3+
which is then removed via flocculation Adjustments for Ph and aeration may be needed Media filtration needed Cr levels reduced below 1ppb
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Treatment options-WBA
Anion exchange (similar to reverse osmosis)
Columns last about a year Cr levels reduced to below 1ppb SBA not used due to excess usage of salt
and problems of brine disposal All processes produces hazardous waste
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Sources and references
#1 http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/tip/2004/apr02/chromate.htm
#2 http://scorecard.goodguide.com/chemical-profiles/summary.tcl?edf_substance_id=7440-47-3(Cr6%2B)
Chang, David Ph.D. Government to set MCL for Chromium (VI). Source, Vol.26, #1.
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Mazzera, David. Developing a MCL for Chromium (VI).Source, Vol.26, #1.
Bute, Nicole Ph.D., P.E., Pirnie, Malcolm, Water Divison of ARCADIS,
Kavounas, Peter, City of Glendale. Chromium (VI) Treatment Options.
Source, Vol.26, #1.