THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 95

Code Comment

AB albino

AD adult

AF at feeder

AM adult male

AP alternate plumage

AQ adequate details

BD banded

DD details desired

DM dark morph

DW dark winged

ED excellent details

EO experienced observer

ES estimated number

EX exotic

FC first CBC record

FE feral

FP female-plumaged

FS first state record

FW first winter

GD good details

HE high elevation

HH hand held

HO heard only

HY hypothetical

IJ injured

IM immature

IV ID by voice

LO low

MD marginal details

ML migrant lingering

MO many observers

NC new to count

ND no details

Code Comment

NF not Forster’s

NH call not heard

NU not unusual?

OU origin unknown

PD poor details

PH photo

PS present for some time

QN questionable number

QR questionable record(historical data)

QU ?

RA radio collared

RC record count

RE refuge estimate(historical data)

RI recent introduction

RL recently released

RN remarkable number

RP reintroduced population

RR remarkable record

RT responded to tape

RW regular in winter

SK sketch

SP specimen

SW second winter

UD unconvincing details

UE uncountable exotic

UR under review

VP viable population?

VT videotaped

WM white morph

WR winter state record

YM immature male

Christmas Bird Count Editorial Codes and Database FlagsTwo-letter codes are often used by regional editors to better explain or question agiven record. Database flags can be set by compilers and regional editors to indicatean unusual species, high count, or low count. This list will aid you in decipheringthe keys when reading accounts in the summaries and on the web site.

Database flagsUS = Unusual speciesHC = Unusually high countLC = Low count

ReminderThe Christmas Bird Count is

always held December 14

through January 5.

To find out the date of a specificcount, go to the CBC home page

www.christmasbirdcount.organd click “Get Involved,” or

contact your local Audubonchapter or center.

CallingAll Counters!We’re always looking for images to

use in American Birds, such as

photographs of birds seen during the

Christmas Bird Count or participants in

the field. If you would like your pictures

considered for publication, please go to

the CBC page on the Audubon website,

www.christmasbirdcount.org, and click

on the link for online photo submittal.

y

96 AMERICAN BIRDS

CANADA

ALBERTA (AB)ABAT Athabasca Harvey Scott

Wayne BrehautABBC Banff-Canmore Mike McIvorABBE Bergthal Bryan IsaacABBR Brule Beth MacCallumABBV Beaverlodge Joan E. KerrABCA Calgary Phillip Cram

Donna WieckowskiABCK Cold Lake Ted HindmarchABCM Camrose Glen HvenegaardABDC Devon-Calmar Ian TichkowskyABDI Dinosaur P.P. Yousif AttiaABED Edmonton Kim BlommeABEI Elk Island N.P. Gwynne HaywardABFM Fort McMurray Cathy Mountain

Robert GreyABFS Fort Saskatchewan Art HughesABGP Grande Prairie Joan E. KerrABHC Horseshoe Canyon Michael HarrisonABHI Hinton Beth MacCallumABHR High River Greg WagnerABJA Jasper Gordon RuddyABLB Lac La Biche Jennifer OkrainecABMH Medicine Hat Bob FrewABNA Nanton Mike TruchABOP Opal Gerald RomanchukABPC Pincher Creek Sam MillerABRM Rocky Mountain House Chiarastella FederABSA St. Albert Alan HingstonABSH Sheep River Doug CollisterABSL Slave Lake Patti CampsallABSR Strathcona Jim GoodwinABST Stettler Wayne KinsellaABTO Tofield Joyce Kelly-SinclairABTS Snake’s Head Doug CollisterABVE Vermilion Iris DaviesABWA Wainwright Shane MascarinABWL Wabamun Lake John FolinsbeeABWR Cochrane Wildlife Reserve Jamey Podlubny

Suzanne Visser

BRITISH COLUMBIA (BC)BCAC Ashcroft-Cache Creek James HalliseyBCAH Apex-Hedley Eva DuranceBCAM Abbotsford-Mission Lynn MillerBCBA Bamfield Anne StewartBCBK Bridge Lake Wendy MarshallBCBV Bridesville Doug BrownBCBW Big White Chris CharlesworthBCCA Cawston Doug BrownBCCB Cranbrook Greg RossBCCG Castlegar Peter McIverBCCH Chilliwack Denis KnoppBCCI Cortes Island Nancy KendelBCCO Comox Marg FowlerBCCR Campbell River Luisa Richarson

Ed SilkensBCCT Creston Valley Sharon Laughlin

Catherine ProwseBCDA D’arcy-Birken R. Dan CummingBCDB Deep Bay Marg FowlerBCDC Dawson Creek Mark PhinneyBCDU Duncan Derrick MarvenBCFA Fauquier Ruth BumpusBCFE Fernie Bob LivseyBCFS Fort St. James Joanne VinnedgeBCGF Grand Forks Jenny ColeshillBCGO Golden Ellen ZimmermanBCGS Galiano-North Saltspring Michael HoebelBCHC Hat Creek Ken WrightBCHE Hecate Strait Peter Hamel

Margo Hearne

BCHR Harrison River Denis KnoppBCHS Lower Howe Sound Loys MaingonBCKA Kamloops Rick HowieBCKB Kimberley Greg RossBCKE Kelowna Chris CharlesworthBCKF Kingfisher Janice LackoBCKI Kitimat April MacleodBCKO Kaslo Dirk Rinehart PidcockBCLA Ladner Jude GrassBCLC Lake Country Trevor ForderBCLK Logan Lake Bert Parke

Karl RickerBCLL Lillooet Ken Wright

Ian RoutleyBCLP Little River-Powell River Ferry Guy L. MontyBCLQ Lasqueti Island Sheila RayBCLR Lardeau Gail SpitlerBCMA Greater Masset Peter HamelBCMC McBride Elsie StanleyBCME Merritt Wayne Weber

Alan BurgerBCMK Mackenzie David LambieBCNB Nanoose Bay Rhys HarrisonBCNK Nakusp Gary DavidsonBCNN Nanaimo Carlo PavanBCNS Nelson Elaine MooreBCOO Oliver-Osoyoos Doug BrownBCPA Port Alberni Sandy McRuerBCPB Pemberton-Mt. Currie Hugh NaylorBCPE Penticton Richard CanningsBCPG Prince George Cathy AntoniazziBCPH Pender Harbour Tony GreenfieldBCPI Pender Islands Gerald McKeating

Patricia CrossleyBCPL Port Clements Peter Hamel

Margo HearneBCPM Pitt Meadows Michael Buckingham

Michael GriffinBCPO Powell River Heather HarbordBCPQ Parksville-Qualicum Beach Sandra GrayBCPR Prince Rupert Robin WeberBCPT Princeton Madelon SchoutenBCRE Revelstoke Michael MorrisBCRS Rose Spit Peter Hamel

Margo HearneBCRW Rossland-Warfield Linda Szymkowiak

Arnold ByBCSA Salmon Arm Ted HillaryBCSC Sunshine Coast Tony GreenfieldBCSH Stewart-Hyder Bob SchonewilleBCSI Skidegate Inlet Peter Hamel

Brian EcclesBCSK Soda Creek Phil RansonBCSL Shuswap Lake P.P. Rick HowieBCSM Smithers Rosamund PojarBCSO Sooke Daniel BryantBCSQ Squamish Grant & Marcia DanielsonBCSS Sidney-South Saltspring Jean BrouardBCTE Terrace Diane WeismillerBCTL Tlell Peter Hamel

Barbara SmallBCTR Trail-Beaver Valley Arnold By

Werner HeitmannBCVA Vancouver Danny TysonBCVE Vernon Peter BlokkerBCVI Victoria Ann NightingaleBCVL Vaseux Lake Richard CanningsBCVT Valemount Delores MooreBCWH Whistler James HalliseyBCWL Williams Lake Phil RansonBCWR White Rock Ian & Emily RobertsonBCYA Yalakom Valley Toby Mueller

MANITOBA (MB)MBBA Balmoral Jim DuncanMBBR Brandon Cal Cuthbert

MBCR Cypress River-Spruce Woods Ken DeSmetMBDA Dauphin William WalleyMBDM Delta Marsh Robert JonesMBGI Gimli Bonnie ChartierMBGS Glenboro-Spruce Woods Lorelie MitchellMBLY Lyleton A.J. GreenleyMBMI Minnedosa Ian ThorleifsonMBOH Oak Hammock Marsh Paula GrieefMBPL Pinawa-Lac du Bonnet Peter TaylorMBPP Portage la Prairie Carrie BradenMBRM Riding Mountain N.P. Thuraya WeedonMBSE Selkirk Gerald MachneeMBTH Thompson Dave McDonaldMBTP The Pas Joel KayerMBWI Winnipeg Rudolf Koes

NEW BRUNSWICK (NB)NBCT Cape Tormentine Allan D. SmithNBED Edmundston Roy LaPointeNBFR Fredericton Don GibsonNBGM Grand Manan Island Brian Dalzell

Durlan IngersollNBJE Jemseg Jim GoltzNBMO Moncton Roger LeblancNBRA Riverside-Albert David ChristieNBSL St. Leonard Roy LaPointeNBSS St. Stephen Bill NelsonNBST Stanley Julie SingletonNBSV Sackville Sean Blaney

NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADOR (NL)NLBB Bonne Bay Darroch WhitakerNLCB Corner Brook Lois BatemanNLCR Cape Race John WellsNLCS Cape St. Mary’s John WellsNLFL Ferryland Bruce MactavishNLGA Gander J. Kevin ButlerNLGB Happy Valley-Goose Bay Tony ChubbsNLSC St. Paul’s-Cow Head Darroch WhitakerNLSJ St. Johns Paul LinegarNLTN Terra Nova N.P. (north) Janet FelthamNLWL Wabush-Labrador City Gordon Parsons

NORTHWEST TERRITORIES (NT)NTFS Fort Simpson Douglas TateNTFT Fort Smith John McKinnonNTHR Hay River Gary VizniowskiNTNW Norman Wells Richard PopkoNTYE Yellowknife Robert Bromley

NOVA SCOTIA (NS)NSAM Amherst Becky StewartNSAN Antigonish Randy LauffNSAR Apple River Kathleen SpicerNSBC Broad Cove Sylvia FullertonNSBI Brier Island Eric MillsNSBS Bedford-Sackville Richard PeckhamNSCS Cape Sable Island Murray Newell

David CurrieNSGB Glace Bay Catherine MurrantNSHD Halifax-Dartmouth Michael King

David CurrieFulton Lavender

NSKI Kingston Wayne NeilyNSLO Louisbourg Ken DonovanNSLU Lunenburg James HirtleNSPI Pictou Harbour Kenny McKennaNSSC Strait of Canso David JohnstonNSSH Sheet Harbour Jim CameronNSSY The Sydneys David McCorquodaleNSWH West Hants Patrick KellyNSWO Wolfville Alison BoganNSWP White Point Sam de RuyterNSYA Yarmouth Eric Ruff

Barbara Ruff

Count Circles, Codes, and Compilers in the 110th CountOur sincere thanks go to each and every Christmas Bird Count compiler, whose field and organizational skills make the CBC happen each season.

To contact your local compiler, or the compiler of a count in an area you will be visiting during the holiday season,please go to the CBC home page at www.christmasbirdcount.org and click on the “Get Involved” link.

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 97

NUNAVUT (NU)NUAB Arctic Bay Clare KinesNUAR Arviat Lynne RollinNURI Rankin Inlet Brian Zawadski

ONTARIO (ON)ONAI Amherst Island Janet ScottONAL Algonquin P.P. Ron TozerONAM Alfred-Montebello Christine Brunet

Jacques BouvierONAT Atikokan Dave ElderONBA Barrie Alex MillsONBE Beaverton John McLeanONBL Blenheim Keith BurkONBN Bancroft Bruce CollinsONBP Bruce Peninsula N.P. Ethan MelegONBR Brockville Area Daniel CliffenONBV Belleville John BlaneyONBW Bradford-West Gwillimbury Mike van den Tillaart

Ron FlemingONCA Cambridge Levi MooreONCC Cedar Creek Paul PrattONCD Caledon Chris PunnettONCH Chapleau Sue BurkONCP Carleton Place Iain WilkesONCV Carden Alvar Bob BowlesONDB Dunrobin-Breckenridge Bruce Di LabioONDE Delta Stephen SeiffertONDR Deep River James UngrinONDY Dryden Darlene SalterONEG Eganville Chris MichenerONER Eagle River Carolle EadyONFL La Foret Larose Christine Brunet

Jacques BouvierONFV Fisherville Linda ThrowerONGA Gameland Mark JohnsonONGB Gravenhurst-Bracebridge Al SinclairONGI Georgian Bay Islands N.P. Tim SweetingONGU Guelph Mike CadmanONHA Hamilton Thomas ThomasONHB Holiday Beach Betty LearmouthONHE Hearst Luc DuboisONHH Halton Hills William McIlveenONHI Hilliardton Bruce MurphyONHV Huntsville Ron TozerONHW Hanover-Walkerton Gerard McNaughtonONIG Ignace Allan HarrisONIN Ingersoll Dave Martin

Ross SniderONKC Kincardine Ralph KnowlesONKE Kenora Lyndon KiviONKG Kingston Ron D. WeirONKI Killarney P.P. Chuck MillerONKL Kleinburg Bob NobleONKP Kettle Point Pete ChapmanONKT Kitchener Mike BurrellONKW Kawartha Leslie DymentONLH Lanark Highlands Cliff BennettONLI Linwood Mike BurrellONLO London Peter ReadONLP Long Point Ron RidoutONMA Marathon Martha Allen

Michael ButlerONMI Manitoulin Island Christopher BellONMK Mashkinonje-North Monetville Angela MartinONMM Mindemoya Christopher BellONMN Minden Dennis BarryONMR Morson Mark JohnsonONMT Mattawa Keith DillaboughONMU Mountain Chutes Michael WernerONMW Manitouwadge Tammie HacheONMY Massey Erwin MeissnerONNA Napanee Anne BrownONNB North Bay Brent TurcotteONNF Niagara Falls Kayo RoyONNI Nipigon-Red Rock Rob SwainsonONNL Haileybury (New Liskeard) Bruce murphyONNS North Shore Paul PrattONOH Ottawa-Gatineau Bernie LadouceurONOR Orillia Ray KiffONOS Owen Sound Freeman BoydONOW Oshawa Rayfield Pye

ONPA Pakenham-Arnprior Michael RuntzONPC Port Colborne Drew CampbellONPE Prince Edward Point Terry SpragueONPG Petroglyphs Tony BiggONPH Peel-Halton Counties Mark CranfordONPI Pickering Glenda JonesONPL Pickle Lake Tim McKillopONPM Pembroke Manson Fleguel

Christian RenaultONPN Elliot Lake (Penokean Hills) Joan MacGillivrayONPO Port Hope-Cobourg Roger FrostONPP Point Pelee Sarah RupertONPQ Presqu’ile P.P. David BreeONPT Peterborough Tony BiggONPV Port Burwell-Vienna Adrian Juurlink

Joe StephensonONRE Renfrew Jim FergusonONRF Rideau Ferry Judy BuehlerONRH Richmond Hill Gene DenzelONSC St. Catharines Marcie JacklinONSD Sudbury Dieter SchoenefeldONSF Stratford Ken ClarkeONSG Sturgeon Lake Chris EllingwoodONSL St. Clair N.W.A. Allen WoodliffeONSS Sault Ste. Marie David EulerONST St. Thomas Diane DobsonONSU Sutton Paul HarpleyONSY Strathroy Dave SkinnerONTB Thunder Bay Nick EscottONTI Thousand Islands Chris BellemoreONTM Timmins Mark JoronONTO Toronto Glenn CoadyONUX Uxbridge Derek ConnellyONVK Vankleek Hill Christine BrunetONWE Westport Wendy Briggs-JudeONWG West Elgin George PrieksaitisONWI Wiarton Joseph JohnsonONWL Wallaceburg Steve CharbonneauONWM Wye Marsh Dave SchandlenONWO Woodhouse Township David OkinesONWS Woodstock Jeff SkevingtonONWW Wawa Carol Dersch

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND (PEI)PEIHI Hillsborough Dan McAskillPEIPE Prince Edward Island N.P. Dan McAskill

QUEBEC (QC)QCAH Laval-Ahuntsic Benoit DorionQCBL Brome Lake Tom MooreQCBS Beauce Sud Alain BeauchampQCCC Contrecoeur Paul MessierQCCJ Chicoutimi-Jonquiere Jacques IbarzabalQCCS Cap-Saint-Ignace Marc LecompteQCCV Cowansville Bertrand HamelQCDR Drummondville Martine LemieuxQCFO Forillon N.P. Denise Gagne

Serge BrodeurQCGE Georgeville Angela LositoQCGR Granby Ginette BoyerQCHE Hemmingford Andre MessierQCHS Havre-St.-Pierre Stephanie CloutierQCHU Hudson Alison BentleyQCIC Ile-du-Grand-Calumet Johanne FregeauQCLA Lascelles Christian DetellierQCLC Lac-Etchemin Mario LabrieQCLE Lennoxville Camille Lessard

Gladys BeattieQCLO Longueuil Francois GariepyQCMI Mirabel Yves PayetteQCMO Montréal Jeff HarrisonQCMP Matapedia Christianne PitreQCNR New-Richmond Bernard ArsenaultQCOP Otterburn Park Samuel DenaultQCPE Perce Pierre PoulinQCQU Québec Pierre LamotheQCSJ St.-Jean-sur-le-Richelieu Sylvain MathieuQCSL St.-Anne-du-Lac Marc-Antoine Montpetit

Real RicherQCSP Chute-St.-Phillipe Marc-Antoine Montpetit

Gilles NormandinQCST Sorel-Tracy Paul MessierQCTA Tadoussac Gilles Chapdelaine

ST. PIERRE ET MIQUELON (FR)FRIS Ile St.-Pierre Roger EtcheberryFRPM Saint-Pierre et Miquelon Islands Roger Etcheberry

SASKATCHEWAN (SK)SKAV Avonlea Alan SmithSKBH Birch Hills Moe MareschalSKBI Biggar Guy WappleSKBL Besnard Lake Peter GerrardSKCA Cater Orval BelandSKCC Clark’s Crossing Michael WilliamsSKCL Candle Lake Don WeidlSKCR Creighton Brenda SchmidtSKDE Denholm Orval BelandSKDO Dorintosh Joe TwidaleSKEA Eastend Robert Gebhardt

Kathy HedegardSKGD Gardiner Dam Guy WappleSKHA Harris Guy WappleSKKI Kinloch Don ForbesSKKN Ketchen Dallas FairburnSKLS Leader South Daisy MeyersSKLU Luseland Kim FinleySKMO Morse Myrna PriebeSKNF Nisbet Forest Kim ClarkSKPL Pike Lake Hilda NotonSKPR Prince Albert Carman DodgeSKQD Qu’Appelle Valley Dam Michael WilliamsSKRE Regina Dale HjertaasSKSA Saskatoon Michael WilliamsSKSL Saltcoats Jim JowseySKSR Squaw Rapids Ryan DudragneSKSW Swift Current Hugh HenrySKWH Whitewood Boyd MetzlerSKYO Yorkton Geoffrey Rushowick

YUKON TERRITORIES (YT)YTCA Carcross Dan KembleYTDA Dawson Sebastian JonesYTHJ Haines Junction Julie BauerYTJC Johnson’s Crossing Ben SchonewilleYTKL Kluane N.P. Todd HeakesYTMA Mayo Mark O’DonoghueYTML Marsh Lake-Yukon River Clive OsborneYTOC Old Crow Dennis KuchYTTA Tagish Cameron EckertYTTE Teslin Ben SchonewilleYTWH Whitehorse Jim HawkingsYTWL Watson Lake Ted Murphy-Kelly

CARIBBEAN

BAHAMAS (BA)BAGR Grand Bahama Island, Bahamas Bruce PurdyBANA North Abaco, Bahamas Elwood BraceyBANP New Providence Island, Bahamas Neil McKinney

BERMUDA (BE)BEBE Bermuda Andrew Dobson

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (RD)RDPE Puerto Escondido, Dominican Republic Kate WallaceRDSB Salinas-Bani, Dominican Republic Kate Wallace

PUERTO RICO (PR)PRAR Arecibo Jose A. Salguero

Sergio ColonPRCR Cabo Rojo Jose A. SalgueroPRFA Fajardo Joseph Wunderle

VIRGIN ISLANDS (VI)VIAN Anegada, BVI Nancy Woodfield Pascoe

Clive PetrovicVIEE East End, St. Croix, USVI Jennifer ValiulisVISC St. Croix, USVI Jennifer ValiulisVISJ St. John, USVI Edward WilsonVITO Tortola, BVI Nancy Woodfield Pascoe

Clive Petrovic

98 AMERICAN BIRDS

LATIN AMERICA

BELIZE (BL)BLBC Belize City Dirk FranciscoBLBE Belmopan Dirk FranciscoBLCB Cockscomb Basin Dirk FranciscoBLGJ Gallon Jug Bruce & Carolyn MillerBLPG Punta Gorda Lee Jones

BRAZIL (BR)BRMC Manaus-Camp 41, Amazonas Thiago Costa

Summer WilsonBRMD Manaus (ducke), Amazonas Thiago Costa

Summer WilsonBRME Manaus (east), Amazonas Thiago Costa

Summer WilsonBRMT Manaus-Towers, Amazonas Thiago Costa

Summer Wilson

CHILE (CH)CHDP Drake Passage, South Atlantic Ocean Richard Veit

COLOMBIA (CL)CLAM Parque Nacional Natural

Amacayacu-Sector Matamata,Amazonas Rocio Espinosa

CLAN Antioquia Norte Rocio EspinosaUte Teske

CLAQ Andaqui, Caqueta Rocio EspinosaCLAR Armenti, Atlantico Rocio EspinosaCLAS Antioquia Sur Rocio Espinosa

Ute TeskeCLBB Rio Barbas-Bremen N.R., Quindmo Rocio EspinosaCLBV Buenavista, Meta Rocio Espinosa

Ute TeskeCLCO Cordillera Occidental

Valle del Cauca Rocio EspinosaCLEC El Cocuy P.N.N., Boyaca Rocio Espinosa

Ute TeskeCLGU Guanenta S.F.F., Alto Rio Fonce,

Santander Rocio EspinosaUte Teske

CLIN Ibague Zona Norte, Tolima Rocio EspinosaCLLC Santuario de Fauna y Flora

Los Colorados, Bolivar Rocio EspinosaCLLE La Esmeralda, Caldas Rocio EspinosaCLLL Laguna La Cocha, Nariqo Rocio Espinosa

Ute TeskeCLLV La Vieja, Atlantico Rocio Espinosa

Ute TeskeCLMO Mocana, Atlantico Rocio EspinosaCLNV Nevados National Park, Caldas Rocio EspinosaCLPA Pasto, Nariqo Rocio Espinosa

Ute TeskeCLPB Paipa, Boyaca Rocio EspinosaCLPI Pisba AICA, Boyaca Rocio EspinosaCLPO Pachaquiaro, Meta Rocio EspinosaCLPS Paramo de Siscunsi, Boyaca Rocio Espinosa

Ute TeskeCLRB Rio Blanco, Caldas Rocio Espinosa

Ute TeskeCLRN Rio Qambi, Nariqo Rocio EspinosaCLRO Rogitama, Boyaca Rocio EspinosaCLRP Reserva de Planalto, Caldas Rocio EspinosaCLSA San Andres, San Andres y

Providencia Islands Rocio EspinosaCLSB Sabana de Bogota, Cundinamarca F. Gary StilesCLSI San Isidro, Huila Rocio EspinosaCLSY Serrania de los Yariguies P.N.N.,

Santander Rocio EspinosaUte Teske

CLTA Tama P.N.N., Norte de Santander Rocio EspinosaUte Teske

CLTL Tota Lake, Boyaca Rocio EspinosaCLTN Tumaco, Nariqo Rocio Espinosa

Ute TeskeCLTU Tunja, Boyaca Rocio EspinosaCLVV Villavicencio, Meta Rocio Espinosa

COSTA RICA (CR)CREB Estacion Biologica Cano Palma, Limon Mike DunnCRLM Fila Costera (la Merced) Noel Urena

Luis Sanchez

CRLS La Selva, Lower Braulio Carillo N.P. Jim ZookCRMO Monteverde Elvin Rodriguez

Esteban Mendez VargasCRPR Pacific Rainforest Aerial

Tram-Carara Reserve Jim ZookCRRF Rain Forest Aerial Tram Jim Zook

ECUADOR (EC)ECCB Cerro Blanco-Chongon-Puerto

Hondo Estuary Eric Von HorstmanECLA Loma Alta Dr. C. Dustin BeckerECNM Mindo-Tandayapa Lani MillerECRU Rio Upano RhoAnn WallaceECYY Yanayacu Caleb Gordon

GUATEMALA (GM)GMAN Antigua Knut Eisermann

Claudia AvendaqoGMAV Atitlan Volcano Knut Eisermann

Claudia AvendaqoGMTK Tikal Knut Eisermann

Claudia Avendaqo

MEXICO (MX)MXAL Alamos, Sonora David Mackay

Rafael Angel Arenas WongMXBL Barranca Rancho la Liebre, Sinaloa Rene ValdesMXCC La Cienega de Chapala John KeelingMXCL Colonias de Perritos Llanero

de Coahuila Samuel LopezMXCR Colorado River Delta, Sonora Osvel Hinojosa-Huerta

Alejandra CalvoMXCS Canon del Sumidero Claudia Macias-CaballeroMXCZ Coast of Central Veracruz Eduardo Martinez LeyvaMXEC El Cuyo, Yucatan Melgar TabascoMXEG El Yugo, Sinaloa Rene ValdesMXEJ Ejido San Pedro, Chihuahua David MehlmanMXEP Ensenada de La Paz, BCS Daniel Galindo-Espinosa

Eduardo PalaciosMXES Ensenada, Baja California Mark BillingsMXGJ Guadalajara, Jalisco Eloisa Martmnez

Elisa Maya ElizarrarasJudith Pampa

MXLC Laguna de Chapala, Jalisco John KeelingMXMC Mexico City Richard Wilson

Alejandro MelendezHector Gomez de Silva

MXMD Madera, Chihuahua Rene ValdesFrancelia Torres

Javier CruzMXMS Montanas de San Cristobal,

Chiapas Claudia Macias-CaballeroEfrain Castillejos

MXNY Northeastern Coast of the YucatanPeninsula (Rio Lagartos) Melgar Tabasco

MXOJ Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca Eric Antonio MartinezMXPP Puerto Penasco, Sonora Steve GanleyMXRE Rancho el Palomino,

Chihuahua Roberto RodriguezLuis Rivas

MXSC San Carlos, Sonora Terry BrownellMXWY West Coast of the Yucatan

Peninsula (Celestun) Melgar Tabasco

NICARAGUANIRJ Reserva El Jaguar, Jinotega Liliana ChavarriaNISN Sierritas de Managua,

Conteo Navideqo Sally Gladstone

PANAMA (RP)RPAC Atlantic Canal Area Karl KaufmannRPCC Central Canal Area Karl KaufmannRPPC Pacific Canal Area Karl KaufmannRPVC Volcan, Chiriqui Glen Lee

TRINIDAD (TR)TRTR Trinidad Vishnu Debie

PACIFIC ISLANDS

COMMONWEALTH OF NORTHERN MARIANA IS. (CN)CNRO Rota Paul Radley

CNSA Saipan Paul RadleyCNTI Tinian Paul Radley

GUAM (GU)GUDE Dededo Dan ViceGUSO Southern Guam Dan Vice

UNITED STATES

ALABAMA (AL)ALBH Birmingham David GeorgeALCU Cullman Jimmy WellsALDI Dauphin Island Tom SiegwaldALEU Eufaula N.W.R. Sam PateALGS Gulf Shores Greg Jackson

Howard HorneALGU Guntersville Linda ReynoldsALMO Montgomery Lawrence GardellaALMT Mobile-Tensaw Delta Roger ClayALTU Tuscaloosa David ArnoldALWA Waterloo Paul KittleALWH Wheeler N.W.R. Dwight Cooley

ALASKA (AK)AKAN Anchorage Steve MatsuokaAKCH Chilkat Tim ShieldsAKCK Craig-Klawock Larry DickersonAKCO Cordova Milo BurchamAKCW Cantwell Jill BoelsmaAKDE Denali N.P. Nancy EaglesonAKDI Dillingham Michael SwaimAKDJ Delta Junction Steve DuBoisAKEC Eagle Community Marlys HouseAKER Eagle River Liza Sanden

Doris IvoryAKFA Fairbanks Gail Mayo

River GatesAKGA Galena Jenny BryantAKGB Glacier Bay Phoebe VanselowAKGK Gakona Merben CebrianAKHA Haines Tim ShieldsAKHO Homer David EriksonAKIZ Izembek N.W.R. Lucretia FairchildAKJU Juneau Mark Schwan

Gus van VlietAKKE Ketchikan Andrew PistonAKKL Kenny Lake Ruth McHenryAKKO Kodiak Richard MacIntoshAKKS King Salmon-Naknek Susan SavageAKMI Mitkof Island Bill Pawuk

Brad HunterAKMV Matanuska Valley Bob WincklerAKNC Narrow Cape-Kalsin Bay Richard MacIntoshAKNO Nome Alice SullivanAKPB Prudhoe Bay Ed BurroughsAKSE Seward Carol GriswoldAKSI Sitka Victoria Vosburg

Jen CedarleafMatt Goff

AKSO Soldotna Jack SinclairAKSW Skagway C. E. FurbishAKTB Thorne Bay Brandy PrefontaineAKTC Trapper Creek-Talkeetna Rick ErnstAKTO Tok Bud JohnsonAKTS Tenakee Springs Beret BarnesAKUN Unalaska Island Suzi GolodoffAKWI Wrangell Island Melissa Cady

ARIZONA (AZ)AZAH Atascosa Highlands Richard C. Hoyer

Jake MohlmannAZAV Avra Valley Mary Lou ColeAZAW Appleton-Whittell Robert WeisslerAZBA Buenos Aires N.W.R. Bonnie SwarbrickAZBW Bill Williams Delta Kathleen BlairAZCF Carefree Walter ThurberAZCH Chino Valley Russell DuerksenAZCP Ajo-Cabeza Prieta N.W.R. Curt McCaslandAZCV Camp Verde Betsy Feinberg

Terence BlowsAZDV Dudleyville Doug Jenness

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 99

AZEL Elfrida Tom WoodAZFL Flagstaff-Mt. Elden Terence BlowsAZGC Glen Canyon John SpenceAZGR Gila River Troy CormanAZGV Green Valley-Madera Canyon Michael MarsdenAZHR Hassayampa River Vanessa MontgomeryAZHV Havasu N.W.R. DeeDee DeLorenzoAZJE Jerome Betsy FeinbergAZML Mormon Lake Elaine MorrallAZMY Martinez Lake-Yuma Henry DetwilerAZNO Nogales Michael BissontzAZPA Patagonia Thomas ArnyAZPO Portal Jackie LewisAZPR Prescott Carl TomoffAZPS Pipe Spring N.M. Andrea BornemeierAZPT Phoenix-Tres Rios David PowellAZPY Payson David Hallock

Grace KnowlesAZRC Ramsey Canyon Ted Mouras

Robert WeisslerAZSC Santa Catalina Mountains Bob BatesAZSD St. David Tom WoodAZSE Sedona Dottie HookAZSR Superior Cynthia DonaldAZSV Salt Verde River Kurt RadamakerAZTV Tucson Valley Larry Liese

ARKANSAS (AR)ARAR Arkadelphia Dolores Harrington

Charles MillsARBD Bayou DeView Steve OsborneARBE Buffalo National River (east) Mike Simpson

Leif AndersonARBL Big Lake N.W.R. Allen ReamsARCC Crooked Creek Valley SallyJo GibsonARCO Conway Martha JohnsonARFA Fayetteville Joseph C. NealARFS Fort Smith-Moffett Bill BeallARHB Holla Bend N.W.R. Leif AndersonARHS Hot Springs Village Lynn SackettARJO Jonesboro Jim BednarzARLG Lake Georgia-Pacific/Felsenthal N.W.R. Leif AndersonARLO Lonoke Daniel ScheimanARLR Little Rock Daniel ScheimanARMH Mountain Home Philip HyattARML Magnolia-Lake Columbia Sterling Lacy Jr.

Loice K. LacyARNF North Fork, Illinois Bayou Dwayne RamboARPB Pine Bluff Robert DosterARTE Texarkana Don Kyle

J. Porter McafeeARVC Village Creek S.P. Tara GillandersARWA Wapanocca N.W.R. Dick Preston

Van HarrisARWR White River N.W.R. Keith Sutton

CALIFORNIA (CA)CAAA Auburn Deren RossCAAB Anza-Borrego Desert Robert TheriaultCAAD Anderson River Park Rob SantryCAAG Angwin Murray BernerCAAN Aqo Nuevo Al DeMartini

Leslie FlintCAAR Arcata Kerry RossCABA Bakersfield John WilsonCABE Benicia Robin L. C. LeongCABG Big Sur Blake MathesonCABI Bishop Chris HowardCABS Butterbredt Spring Charles Bragg Jr.CABV Buena Vista, Kern County Alison SheeheyCACA Calaveras Barry BoultonCACB Centerville Beach to King Salmon Gary LesterCACC Contra Costa County Jimm EdgarCACH China Lake Peter WoodmanCACI Santa Clarita Daniel CooperCACL Clear Lake Darlene HecomovichCACM Claremont Dan GuthrieCACN Carpinteria Rob DenholtzCACO Chico Phil JohnsonCACP Carrizo Plain Roger ZacharyCACR Calero-Morgan Hill Ann Verdi

CACS Crystal Springs Al DeMartiniGary Deghi Leslie Flint

CACU Cachuma Alexander AbelaCACW Caswell-Westley Harold ReeveCACZ Santa Cruz Island Tom Maloney

Andrea JonesCADM Diamond Valley Steve AdkisonCADV Death Valley Linda ManningCAEA Eastern Alameda County Richard Cimino

David Bowden Jeff Miller

CAEC East Contra Costa County Jimm EdgarMaury Stern

CAEL Eagle Lake Lewis OringKay Oring

CAEN Elsinore Julie SzaboCAES Escondido Kenneth WeaverCAET Etna Michael TaylorCAFO Folsom Chris ConardCAFR Fall River Mills Bob Yutzy

Carol YutzyCAGR Groveland Bill ZachmanCAGV Grass Valley Rudy DarlingCAHF Hayward-Fremont Phil & Pat GordonCAHL Honey Lake Tim ManolisCAID Idyllwild Steve AdkisonCAJT Joshua Tree N.P. Joe ZarkiCAKR Kern River Valley Alison SheeheyCALA Los Angeles Dan CooperCALB Long Beach-el Dorado Rich SonnenbergCALC Lincoln Edward PandolfinoCALH Lake Henshaw Gretchen CummingsCALL Lost Lake-Fresno Kevin Enns-RempelCALN Lancaster Nick Freeman

Mary FreemanCALR Lake Almanor Ryan BurnettCALS Los Baqos Harold ReeveCALU La Purisima Alexander AbelaCALW LaGrange-Waterford Harold ReeveCAMA Marysville Tim ManolisCAMC Marin County (southern) Dominik Mosur

Harrison KarrDianne Sierra

CAMD Moss Landing Bob RamerBernadette Ramer

John WarrinerRicky Warriner

CAMF Milburn-Fresno Larry ParmeterCAMH Mount Hamilton Bob HirtCAMI Mineral Michael MagnusonCAMJ Mojave River Valley Stephen MyersCAML Mono Lake Kristie NelsonCAMN Mendocino Coast Karen Havlena

David JensenCAMP Monterey Peninsula Blake Matheson

Chris TenneyCAMR Morro Bay Thomas EdellCAMS Mount Shasta Joey RussellCAMU Malibu Larry AllenCAMV Morongo Valley Margaret Hoggan

David NovickCAMW Merced N.W.R. Larry ParmeterCAOA Oakland Bob Lewis

David QuadyCAOC Orange County (coastal) Steve Alter

Marian AlterCAON Orange County (northeastern) Steve Alter

Marian AlterCAOV Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad Terry HunefeldCAPA Palo Alto Alan M. EisnerCAPC Putah Creek Steve HamptonCAPI Pinnacles N.M. Russell Scalf

Steve LombardiCAPN Panoche Valley Clay KempfCAPP Palos Verdes Peninsula Ross Landry

David MoodyCAPR Point Reyes Peninsula John LongstrethCAPS Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley Jon FisherCAPV Peace Valley Peter Sands

Bruce DeuelCARB Red Bluff Karen Scheuermann

CARC Rio Cosumnes Andrew EngilisCARE Redding Bill OliverCARM Redlands (Mill Creek) Eugene CardiffCARS Rancho Santa Fe Robert PattonCASA Santa Ana River Valley Larry LaPreCASB Santa Barbara Joan Lentz

Dave ComptonRebecca Coulter

Joan MurdochBill Pollack

CASC Santa Cruz County David SuddjianCASD San Diego Philip Unitt

Richard BreischCASE South Lake Tahoe Will RichardsonCASF San Francisco Dan Murphy

Alan HopkinsCASG Santa Maria-Guadalupe Alexander AbelaCASH Salton Sea (north) Chet McGaugh

John F. GreenCASJ San Jose Kirsten HolmquistCASK South Fork Valley Denise LaBerteauxCASL San Jacinto Lake Anthony Metcalf

Tom BensonCASM Sacramento Mark CudneyCASN Sonora Steven UmlandCASO San Bernardino Valley Dorothy MyersCASP Springville Gary LindquistCASQ Sequoia Daniel GammonsCASR Santa Rosa Ruth Rudesill

B. D. ParmeterCASS Salton Sea (south) Oscar JohnsonCAST Stockton Jim RowothCASU San Juan Capistrano Jessica GriffithsCASV San Fernando Valley Arthur LangtonCASY Sierra Valley Colin DillinghamCASZ Sonoma Valley Tom Rusert

Darren PeterieCATJ Tejon Ranch Michael WhiteCATL Tule Lake Kevin SpencerCATO Thousand Oaks David PerekstaCAUK Ukiah Cheryl WatsonCAVE Ventura Karl KrauseCAWB Wallace-Bellota Stephen StockingCAWC Willow Creek Gary LesterCAWO Woodfords Tim Fitzer

Dan BrownAndrea Salmi

CAWS Western Sonoma County Veronica BowersJaneann Erickson

CAYO Yosemite N.P. Sarah StockCAYR Yreka Joey Russell

COLORADO (CO)COAS Aspen Allen LevantinCOBF Black Forest Judy Von AhlefeldtCOBL Barr Lake William KaempferCOBO Boulder Bill SchmokerCOBR Bonny Reservoir Glenn WalbekCOCO Cortez Carolyn GunnCOCR Crook Steve LarsonCOCS Colorado Springs Ben SorensenCODC Douglas County Nancy Crews

Cindy LivingstonCODE Denver Dick Schottler

Patty EchelmeyerTina Jones

CODL Delta Dennis GarrisonCODU Durango Susan AllertonCODV Denver (urban) Hugh KingeryCOEI Evergreen-Idaho Springs Brad Andres

Barbara Jean GardCOFC Fort Collins Nick KomarCOFO Fountain Creek Brandon PercivalCOGB Granby Brock McCormickCOGJ Grand Junction Paul DidierCOGR Greeley Paul LightseyCOGS Great Sand Dunes N.P. Phyllis Pineda BovinCOGU Gunnison Arden AndersonCOHO Hotchkiss Jason BeasonCOJM John Martin Reservoir Duane NelsonCOLI Lake Isabel David SilvermanCOLO Longmont Ron Harden

100 AMERICAN BIRDS

COLV Loveland Ashley WaddellCOMO Montrose Melissa SidersCOMV Monte Vista N.W.R. Lisa ClementsCONP North Park Deborah McLachlanCONU Nunn James SedgwickCOPE Penrose Mark PetersonCOPR Pueblo Reservoir Mark YaegerCOPU Pueblo Brandon PercivalCORA Rawhide Energy Station Douglas KibbeCORF Roaring Fork River Valley David ClarkCORM Rocky Mountain N.P. Scott RoedererCORO Rocky Ford Stanley OswaldCOSD Salida Sherrie YorkCOSL Sterling Gary MatthewsCOSP Spanish Peaks David SilvermanCOSS Steamboat Springs Thomas LitteralCOWE Westcliffe Jane PedersenCOWF Weldona-Fort Morgan Bruce Bosley

CONNECTICUT (CT)CTBA Barkhamsted David Tripp Jr.CTEW Edwin Way Teale Trail Wood Susan HarringtonCTGS Greenwich-Stamford Brian O’Toole

Gary PalmerCTHA Hartford Jay Kaplan

Stephen DavisCTLH Litchfield Hills Raymond BeldingCTLS Lakeville-Sharon Robert MoellerCTNH New Haven Christopher LoscalzoCTNL New London Robert DewireCTOL Old Lyme-Saybrook Barbara BarronCTQV Quinnipiac Valley Wilhelmina SmithCTSM Stratford-Milford Steve MayoCTSR Salmon River Joseph MorinCTST Storrs Steve MorytkoCTWE Westport James HunterCTWR Woodbury-Roxbury Chris Wood

Ed Hagen

DELAWARE (DE)DEBH Bombay Hook N.W.R. Andrew EdnieDECH Cape Henlopen-Prime Hook Frank RohrbacherDEMF Milford Chris BennettDEMI Middletown Brucee LantzDERE Rehoboth Jeff Gordon

Liz Deluna GordonDESN Seaford-Nanticoke Glen Lovelace IIIDEWI Wilmington James White

FLORIDA (FL)FLAB Aripeka-Bayport Bill PrantyFLAC Apalachicola Bay-St. Vincent N.W.R. Alan KnotheFLAL Alafia Banks David BowmanFLAP Avon Park A.F. Range Troy HershbergerFLBA Bradenton David WilliamsonFLBC Bay County Lisa KeppnerFLBI Biscayne N.P. Howard TrittFLBO Brooksville Clay BlackFLCB Choctawhatchee Bay Donald WareFLCE Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. Brian RapozaFLCK Cedar Key Ronald ChristenFLCO Cocoa David FreelandFLCR Crystal River Keith DouglasFLCS Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary Sally SteinFLDB Daytona Beach David HartgroveFLDC Dade County Brian RapozaFLDT Dry Tortugas National Park Oron BassFLEC Econlockhatchee Lorne MaloFLEM Emeralda-Sunnyhill Peg Lindsay

John StenbergFLEP East Pasco Bill PrantyFLFG Flagler Walter MahlerFLFK Fakahatchee Jim KrakowskiFLFL Fort Lauderdale Bryant RobertsFLFM Fort Myers Dan DavisFLFP Fort Pierce Camille YatesFLGA Gainesville Howard Adams

John HintermisterFLGC Gulf Circle, Manatee County David WilliamsonFLHC Hamilton County Jerry KrummrichFLIS Ichetucknee-Santa Fe-O’Leno Ginger MorganFLJA Jacksonville Peggy Powell

Anne Turner

FLJC Jackson County Andy BankertFLJD Jonathan Dickinson S.P. Peter QuincyFLKD Kendall Area Bill BoeringerFLKL Key Largo-Plantation Key Peter FrezzaFLKV Kissimmee Valley Peggy CholleyFLKW Key West Mark HeddenFLLA Lakeland Paul Fellers

Charles GeanangelFLLC Lake City Virlyn WillisFLLO Long Pine Key Robin DiazFLLP Lake Placid Jon GreenlawFLLW Lake Wales Donald Van DemanFLME Melrose James SwarrFLMI Merritt Island N.W.R. Ned Steel

Jim PedersenFLMR Myakka River S.P. Kenneth AlvarezFLNA Naples Phil AllmanFLNP North Pinellas Marianne KorosyFLNR West Pasco (New Port Richey) Bill PrantyFLPE Pensacola Bill BremserFLPI Ponce Inlet Donald Picard

Richard DomroskiFLPR Peace River Anthony LicataFLPS Port St. Joe Robert K. (Bob) HendersonFLSA St. Augustine James WheatFLSB South Brevard County Roy BookFLSC Sanibel-Captiva Elaine JacobsonFLSM St. Marks Katy NeSmith

Jim CoxFLSO STA5-Clewiston Margaret EnglandFLSP St. Petersburg Ron SmithFLSR Sarasota Jeanne DubiFLST Stuart Elizabeth HailmanFLTA Tampa David BowmanFLTH Tallahassee Marvin CollinsFLTT Ten Thousand Islands Jim KrakowskiFLVE Venice-Englewood Rett OrenFLWM West Marion County Norman LantzFLWP West Palm Beach Charles WeberFLWR Wekiva River Jay ExumFLWV West Volusia County David StockFLZE Zellwood-Mount Dora Wes Biggs

GEORGIA (GA)GAAB Albany Alan AshleyGAAF Amicalola Falls Georgann Schmalz

Theresa HartzGAAH Athens Eugenia Thompson

Mary CaseGAAL Atlanta Bob ZarembaGAAU Augusta Anne WatersGABL Bainbridge-Lake Seminole Oscar DewberryGABR Blue Ridge Robert KimseyGACG Callaway Gardens Cory CroftGACH Chattahoochee National Forest

Songbird M.A. Johnny ParksGACI Cumberland Island Sheila WillisGACL Carter’s Lake Joshua SpenceGACO Columbus Sam PateGADA Dalton Phil RinerGADU Dublin Robert SargentGAFC Floyd County Owen KinneyGAGC Glynn County Mike ChapmanGAHN Harris Neck N.W.R. Steve CalverGALB Lake Blackshear Terry JohnsonGALO Lake Oconee Paul Sykes

Steve HolzmanGAMA Macon Marie AmersonGAOK Okefenokee N.W.R. Sheila WillisGAPC Peachtree City Brock HutchinsGAPR Piedmont N.W.R.-Rum Creek W.M.A. Terry JohnsonGASC St. Catherines Island Emil K. UrbanGASI Sapelo Island William DopsonGASV Savannah, GA-SC Steve Calver

HAWAII (HI)HIHO O’ahu: Honolulu Arlene BuchholzHIKA Kaua’i: Kapa’a Shayna Carney

Kim UyeharaHIKU Moloka’i: Kualapu’u Arleone Dibbin-YoungHILA Laysan Island Cindy RehkemperHIMA Midway Atoll Cynthia Rehkemper

HINK Hawai’i: North Kona Arlene BuchholzHIVO Hawai’i: Volcano Eldridge NaboaHIWA Kaua’i: Waimea Thane PrattHIWO O’ahu: Waipi’o David A. Bremer

IDAHO (ID)IDAF American Falls Reservoir Chuck TrostIDBF Bonners Ferry Jan RoseIDBH Buhl Miriam AustinIDBL Bear Lake Valley Dennis AustinIDBO Boise R. L. RowlandIDBR Bruneau Larry RidenhourIDCD Coeur d’Alene Shirley SturtsIDCM Craters of the Moon Mike MuntsIDGV Garden Valley Gary Worthington

Spencer WaltersIDHO Howe Kit StruthersIDHV Hagerman Valley Sarah HarrisIDIF Idaho Falls Mark DelwicheIDIM Indian Mountain Donald HeikkilaIDLE Lewiston-Clarkston Terry GrayIDMP Moscow-Pullman David Holick

Tom WeberIDNA Nampa Lynn DavenportIDPO Pocatello Chuck TrostIDPV Pahsimeroi Valley Anna MeansIDRE Rexburg Darren ClarkIDSA Salmon Hadley RobertsIDSL Spirit Lake Shirley SturtsIDSP Sandpoint Rich Del CarloIDSV Sun Valley Brian SturgesIDTF Twin Falls Jeff RuprechtIDTV Teton Valley Susan Patla

ILLINOIS (IL)ILAN Andalusia Kelly McKayILBA Barrington Duane HeatonILBH Bird Haven Sanctuary, Olney Frank StormentILBL Baldwin Lake-Kaskaskia River Valley Tim DeverILBN Bloomington-Normal Dale Birkenholz

Rhea EdgeILBU Bushnell Larry L. Hood

Robert A. MontgomeryILCA Chautauqua N.W.R. Richard BjorklundILCC Champaign County Helen ParkerILCD Coles-Cumberland Laurence ThorsenILCE Carlyle Lake Danny KassebaumILCL Chicago Lakefront Joel GreenbergILCO Crab Orchard N.W.R. Vicki LangILCR Calumet City-Sand Ridge Bob HarrisonILCS Crane Lake-Sangamon Robert RandallILCT Clinton Lake Rhetta JackILCU Chicago (urban) Jeffrey Sanders

Randall SandersILCV Collinsville Frank HolmesILCY Cypress Creek Jeffrey HooverILDE Decatur Norm JensenILDK Dekalb Mike Andrews

Kristen AndrewsILEK Eastern Knox County Jim MountjoyILEL Elsah Mary Jane HoffILEN Evanston (north shore) Tim WallaceILFB Fermilab-Batavia Jeff ChapmanILFG Forest Glen Preserve James Smith

Marilyn CampbellILFR Freeport Anne StraightILHL Horseshoe Lake Vernon KleenILHP Hennepin John McKeeILIL Illini S.P. Jim HampsonILJC Jackson County Rhonda S. (Monroe) RothrockILJO Joliet Gregory BluhmILKI Kishwaukee Barbara WilliamsILKV Kankakee Valley Jed HertzILLA Lisle Arboretum Geoffrey WilliamsonILMC McHenry County Rob Gough

Dwight DaltonILME Monroe County Carl DaubachILMF Middle Fork River Valley Steven BaileyILMI Meredosia Island Tony WardILML Mermet Lake, Massac County Frank Bennett

Rhonda RothrockILMW Morris-Wilmington William Morris

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 101

ILNE Newton Jeff WalkILPE Peoria Thad EdmondsILPM Pere Marquette Park Jerry InglesILQU Quincy Ken HeinzeILRC Rock Cut S.P. Eddie CallawayILRL Rend Lake Keith McMullenILRO Rockford Dan WilliamsILRU Rushville Harold HeddenILSC Schapville Terrence N. IngramILSH Shelbyville Reservoir Travis MahanILSP Springfield H. David BohlenILSR Starved Rock S.P. John McKeeILTC Thorn Creek-Park Forest Bob HarrisonILUC Union County Vernon KleenILWA Waukegan Joel GreenbergILWM Western Mercer County Kelly McKayILWP White Pines S.P.-Nachusa Eric WaltersILWV Warbluff Valley Sanctuary Andrea Douglas

INDIANA (IN)INBO Big Oaks N.W.R. Joseph RobbINCN Crane Naval Weapons Support CenterHarmon P.WeeksINEC Eagle Creek Valley Karen La MereINEH Elkhart County Ronda DeCaireINEV Evansville Brian TaylorINFW Fort Wayne James HawINGP Goose Pond Lee SterrenburgINHC Hamilton County Art JeffriesINHM Hanover-Madison Dan Webster

Dick DavisINID Indiana Dunes

National Lakeshore Brad BumgardnerININ Indianapolis John SchaustINJC Johnson County Karl WernerINJT Jamestown Roger HedgeINLA Lafayette Ed HopkinsINLM Lake Monroe Donald WhiteheadINMC McCormick’s Creek S.P. Sandy Belth

Jeff BelthINMO Michaela Farm-Oldenburg Wayne WauligmanINMT Muscatatuck N.W.R. Donna StanleyINMU Muncie Bill GrummerINNL Northeast LaPorte County Dennis RichardsonINOC Oakland City Dan CollinsINPC Posey County Brian TaylorINPK Pokagon Fred WooleyINPL Patoka Lake John CastraleINPR Pigeon River State

Fish & Wildlife Area Gary TiebenINPY Plymouth Matthew Enos

Samuel BoysINRI Richmond Jim SeaneyINSB South Bend Victor RiemenschneiderINSC Southern Lake County Barb DodgeINSM Spring Mill S.P. John CastraleINSU Sullivan County Michael BrownINTC Tri-County, Rochester Thomas LeggettINTH Terre Haute Peter Scott

Dan WeberINTI Tippecanoe David HicksINTO Topeka Daniel Stoltzfus

Perry MillerINTR Turkey Run S.P. Alan BrunerINWC Warrick County Brian TaylorINWG Western Gibson County Charles MillsINWH Whitewater S.P. Jim SeaneyINWS Willow Slough-Iroquois Preserves Ed Hopkins

IOWA (IA)IAAM Ames Shane PattersonIABO Boone County Mark WidrlechnerIABU Burlington Chuck FullerIACL Clinton Kelly McKayIACR Cedar Rapids James DurbinIADA Davenport Kelly McKayIADE Decorah Darwin KoenigIADL Dallas County Tom Lawson

Bob MyersIADM Des Moines Dennis ThompsonIADS DeSoto N.W.R. Jerry TollIADU Dubuque Charlie Winterwood

IAIC Iowa City Chris EdwardsBob Dick

IAJA Jamaica Raymond CumminsIAKE Keokuk Robert CecilIAMC Mason City Rita GoransonIAMU Muscatine Kelly McKayIANL North Linn Weir NelsonIAPC Princeton-Camanche Kelly McKayIARL Rathbun Lake Mike StephensIARR Red Rock Lake Aaron BreesIASC Sioux City Jerry ProbstIASE Southeast Clayton County Danny AkersIASH Shenandoah Keith DycheIASL Spirit Lake Lee SchoeneweIASP Green Island-Lost Mound Ed AndersonIASR Saylorville Reservoir Stephen J. DinsmoreIAWC Walnut Creek N.W.R. Karen Viste-SparkmanIAYR Yellow River Forest Darwin Koenig

KANSAS (KS)KSAC Arkansas City Eugene YoungKSBA Baldwin Roger BoydKSCI Cimarron National Grassland Sebastian PattiKSEM Emporia Jean SchulenbergKSHN Halstead-Newton Lorna HarderKSKR Kirwin Reservoir Nelson MichaelKSLA Lawrence Galen PittmanKSLC Linn County Roger BoydKSLS Liberal-Seward County Sebastian PattiKSOL Olathe Don WeissKSOP Oskaloosa-Perry Lake Bunnie WatkinsKSPA Parsons Rick TuckerKSQU Quivira N.W.R. Mike RaderKSRH Red Hills Pete JanzenKSSC Scott Lake Tom ShaneKSSL Salina Harold LearKSSM Southeast Kansas Minedland Steven FordKSTO Topeka James MalcomKSUW Udall-Winfield Max ThompsonKSWI Wichita Kevin GroenewegKSWL Waconda Lake Henry ArmknechtKSWR Webster Reservoir Mike RaderKSWS Wilson Reservoir Mike Rader

KENTUCKY (KY)KYCC Calloway County Happy ChambersKYDA Danville Neil EklundKYDS Daviess County South Mike HenshawKYFR Frankfort Peggy GouldKYHO Hopkinsville James ChilesKYKL Kleber W.M.A. Peggy GouldKYLB Land Between the Lakes Aviva YasgurKYLD London Wendi AllenKYLE Lexington Betty Maxson

David LangKYLH Lincolns Birthplace-Hodgenville,

LaRue County Sandy BrueKYLO Louisville Pat BellKYRA Russell/Adair County Roseanna DentonKYSO Somerset Roseanna DentonKYWC Wayne County Roseanna Denton

LOUISIANA (LA)LABC Bossier-Caddo-Bienville Paul DicksonLACA Catahoula N.W.R. Marty FloydLACL Cheneyville-Lecompte Marty FloydLACR Creole Justin BoslerLACW Crowley Marty FloydLADA D’Arbonne Joan BrownLAFP Fort Polk Jim JohnsonLAGI Grand Isle Chris BrantleyLAJB Johnsons Bayou Ken SztrakyLALA Lafayette Judith O’Neale

Michael Hooker Dave Patton

LALT Lacassine N.W.R.-Thornwell Steven W. CardiffDonna L. Dittmann

B. Mac MyersLANA Natchitoches Charles LyonLANO New Orleans David MuthLANS Northshore-Slidell Thomas Trenchard

Mary Mehaffey

LAPP Pine Prairie Marty FloydLARB Reserve-Bonnet Carre Spillway Melvin WeberLASA Sabine N.W.R. R. Martin GuidryLASC Sweet Lake-Cameron

Prairie N.W.R. Steven W. CardiffDonna L. Dittmann

LASH Shreveport Charles LyonLAST St. Tammany Parish Linda BeallLATR Tensas River N.W.R. Dan TwedtLAVE Venice Robert Purrington

MAINE (ME)MEAU Augusta Jay AdamsMEBB Bangor-Bucksport Jerry A. SmithMEBF North Penobscot Bay Seth BenzMEBH Blue Hill Leda Beth GrayMEBK Biddeford-Kennebunkport Marie JordanMEBL Bunker Hill John WeinrichMEBP Bath-Phippsburg-Georgetown Don HudsonMECA Calais Maurice MillsMEDF Dover-Foxcroft Charles DorchesterMEDI Deer Isle Tom Bjorkman

Clark MoseleyMEEA Eastport Maurice MillsMEFA Farmington Trevor PersonsMEFB Freeport-Brunswick Don Hudson

Stella WalshMELA Lewiston-Auburn Stan DeOrseyMEMA Matinicus Jeffrey WellsMEMD Mount Desert Island Michael GoodMEMI Monhegan Island Peter VickeryMEMJ Moose Island-Jonesport Patti ReillyMEOO Orono-Old Town Paul MarksonMEPA Greater Portland William HancockMEPD Pemaquid-Damariscotta Joseph GrayMEPI Presque Isle Bill SheehanMESP Schoodic Point William TownsendMESW Sweden Jean Preis

Sue BlackMETR Thomaston-Rockland Don ReimerMEUN Unity Dave PotterMEWA Waterville Bets BrownMEYC York County Patricia Moynahan

MARYLAND (MD)MDAC Allegany County John ChurchillMDAG Annapolis-Gibson Island Hal Wierenga

Sue RicciardiMDBH Baltimore Harbor Peter WebbMDBO Bowie Frederick FallonMDCM Catoctin Mountain Michael WelchMDCR Crisfield Paul BystrakMDCV Chesterville Maren GimpelMDDE Denton Steve WestreMDEL Elkton Laura BalascioMDJB Jug Bay Sam DroegeMDLK Lower Kent County Nancy Martin

Walter EllisonMDOA Oakland Connie SkipperMDOC Ocean City Jay SheppardMDPL Point Lookout Bob BoxwellMDPR Patuxent River Andrew BrownMDPT Port Tobacco Gwen BrewerMDRR Rock Run Mark Johnson

Suzanne ProcellMDSA Salisbury Samuel Dyke

Mike WalshMDSD Southern Dorchester County Chandler RobbinsMDSE Seneca Mark EnglandMDSM Sugarloaf Mountain Janet Millenson

Helen HorrocksMDST St. Michaels Wayne BellMDTR Triadelphia Reservoir David W. HolmesMDWC Washington County Dave Weesner

MASSACHUSETTS (MA)MAAN Andover Lou WagnerMAAT Athol David SmallMABB Buzzards Bay Jeremiah Trimble

Peter TrimbleMACB Central Berkshire Thomas CollinsMACC Cape Cod Blair Nikula

MACM Cobble Mountain Seth KelloggMACO Concord Henry Norwood

Peter AldenMAGB Greater Boston Robert StymeistMAGO Groton-Oxbow N.W.R. Julie Lisk

Peter AldenMAGR Greenfield Mark FairbrotherMAMA Marshfield Susan MacCallumMAMC Mid-Cape Cod Peter Trimble

Jeremiah TrimbleMAMI Millis Elissa LandreMAMV Martha’s Vineyard Robert Culbert

Penny UhlendorfMANA Nantucket Kenneth Blackshaw

Edith RayMANB Northern Berkshire Pamela WeatherbeeMANE Newburyport Tom YoungMANF New Bedford Michael BoucherMANO Northampton Mary Alice Wilson

Jan OrtizMAPL Plymouth Trevor Lloyd-EvansMAQB Quabbin Scott SurnerMAQU Quincy Glenn d’EntremontMASN Stellwagen Bank National

Marine Sancutary Simon PerkinsMASO Southern Berkshire Rene LaubachMASP Springfield George KingstonMAST Sturbridge Mark LynchMATI Tuckernuck Islands Richard VeitMATM Taunton-Middleboro Jim SweeneyMATR Truro Thomas LipskyMAUX Uxbridge Strickland WheelockMAWE Westminster Charles CaronMAWO Worcester John Liller

MICHIGAN (MI)MIAA Ann Arbor Jacco GelderloosMIAB Anchor Bay Fred Charbonneau

Richard LeasureMIAG Allegan State Game Area John BrennemanMIAL Albion Tamara CrupiMIAM Antrim-Old Mission Robert CartensMIAP Alpena Linda Klemens

Lynn DavidsonMIAT Au Train Scott HickmanMIBE Beulah John EsterMIBS Berrien Springs Kip MillerMIBT Battle Creek John BrennemanMIBY Bay City Jeanne HendersonMICD Cadillac Area Chris SchumacherMICL Clinton Darrin O’BrienMICN Carney Dale LeitzkeMICO Coloma Charles Nelson

Mindy WalkerMIDE Detroit Timothy NowickiMIDO Dowagiac John BrennemanMIDR Detroit River Jim FowlerMIEH Eagle Harbor Zach GaykMIEL East Lansing Thomas WheekerMIER Eaton Rapids Michael SandersMIGC Genesee County Richard NaberMIGR Grand Rapids Steven MuellerMIGW Gwinn Brian JohnsonMIHA Hartland Richard WolinskiMIHB Hubbard Lake Linda KlemensMIHC Houghton County Nancy AuerMIHH Higgins Lake-Houghton Lake Michael PetruchaMIHL Hayward Lakes Joan CampbellMIHO Holland Robert VennerMIHR Huron County Monica EssenmacherMIHU Hudsonville Frederick BevisMIIR Iron River David Tiller

Elizabeth RogersMIKA Kalamazoo Russ SchipperMIKB Keweenaw Bay Joe KaplanMILA Lake County Bonnie StoutMILB Little Bay de Noc Charles LindquistMILC Lapeer County Maureen LemonsMILE Les Cheneaux Chris HallMILL Lake Leelanau Nate CraneMILU Ludington David DisterMIMA Manistee Brian Allen

Ken Crowell

MIMC Mecosta County Stephen RossMIMI Midland Eugene BeckhamMIMN Manistique Helen WilliamsonMIMO Monroe Jerome JourdanMIMP Mount Pleasant Stan LilleyMIMQ Marquette Melinda Stamp

Greg ClearyMIMU Muskegon Feller DeWittMIMW Muskegon Wastewater Brian JohnsonMINB New Buffalo Kip MillerMINI Niles Wendy JonesMIOD Oscoda Larry VanWagoner

Edward ColeMIOV Olivet Michael SandersMIPE Petoskey Ed PikeMIPH Port Huron Janet FoxMIPO Pontiac Nancy E. Tar

Scott JennexMIRC Rogers City William GriggMIRO Rockwood Thomas CarpenterMISP Sturgeon Point Frank ApseyMITC Traverse City Edward MoehleMITU Tuscola U.F.A. Jerry Hall

Martin BlagdumMITW Tawas Larry VanWagonerMIWA Waterloo State Recreation Area Don Henise

Robyn HeniseMIWM Western Macomb County Barbara Baldinger

Tom HeatleyMIWP Whitefish Point Greg Cleary

MINNESOTA (MN)MNAF Afton Joseph Merchak

David TannerMNAL Albert Lea Allen BattMNAR Aurora Steven FalkowskiMNAS Austin Terry DorseyMNBA Baudette Martin KehoeMNBE Bemidji Kelly LarsonMNBI Beltrami Island Martin KehoeMNBL Bloomington Mark OchsMNBT Battle Lake Steve Millard

Dan & Sandy ThimganMNCC Cedar Creek Bog James HowitzMNCK Crookston Tom FeiroMNCL Carlton-Cloquet Larry Weber

Eileen Schantz-HansenMNCO Cottonwood Paul EgelandMNCS Crosby Jo BlanichMNDU Duluth Jim LindMNEX Excelsior Howard TowleMNFA Faribault Gene BauerMNFB Fredenberg Celeste KawulokMNFF Fergus Falls Steve Millard

Dan & Sandy ThimganMNGM Grand Marais Jeremy RidlbauerMNGR Grand Rapids Kenneth ZimmerMNHE Hastings-Etter Roger FieldMNIS Isabella Steve WilsonMNIT Itasca S.P. Douglas JohnsonMNLQ Lac qui Parle Paul EgelandMNMA Marshall Roger SchroederMNMC Northern Meeker County Milton BlombergMNMI Minneapolis (north) Siah St. ClairMNMK Mankato Merrill FrydendallMNML Mountain Lake-Windom Edna Gerber

Jon HarderMNMO Morris Donna OglesbyMNNM Northwest McLeod Roger FieldMNNW Northern Wright County Claudia EgelhoffMNOW Owatonna Darryl HillMNPC Pine County Richard PeetMNPI Pillager Michael NorthMNRL Rice Lake N.W.R. Michelle McDowellMNRO Rochester Clifford HansenMNRS Roseau Betty M. JohnsonMNRW Red Wing Laura CobleMNSC St. Cloud-Collegeville Brian JungelsMNSN St. Paul (northeast suburban) James HowitzMNSP St. Paul (north) Julian SellersMNTH Two Harbors Jim LindMNWB Wabasha Jonathan Peterson

MNWI Winona Walt CarrollMNWK Walker Ben WielandMNWR Wild River Joe Sausen

MISSISSIPPI (MS)MSAL Arkabutla Lake Van HarrisMSCR Corinth Steve IcardiMSDG Dahomey-Great River Road Mark BontaMSEL Eagle Lake Bruce ReidMSGR Grenada Gene KnightMSHA Hattiesburg John SmithMSJA Jackson Mary StevensMSJC Jackson County JoRee PeaseMSLC Lauderdale County Nancy DonaldMSML Moon Lake (Lula) Dick PrestonMSNA Natchez William McGeheeMSNO Noxubee N.W.R. Terence SchieferMSSH Southern Hancock County Ned BoyajianMSSI Sidon Philip BarbourMSSL Sardis Lake Gene KnightMSVI Vicksburg Daniel TwedtMSWC Washington County (south) Paul Hamel

MISSOURI (MO)MOBO Big Oak Tree S.P. Bill EddlemanMOBS Big Spring Bryan Culpepper

Kimberly HoufMOCC Clarence Cannon N.W.R. Bruce Schuette

Eric SchuetteMOCF Confluence Randy KorotevMOCO Columbia Jim Gast

Susan HazelwoodMOCP Cole Camp Prairies IBA Marge LumpeMODC Dallas County David BlevinsMOGR Grand River Terry McNeelyMOHF Horton-Four Rivers Mark RobbinsMOJC Jefferson City Julie Lundsted

Barbara BrueggemanMOJO Joplin Lawrence HerbertMOKC Kansas City Mike StoakesMOKN Knob Noster Vernon ElsberryMOLC Laclede county Lester PannellMOLI Liberal Lawrence HerbertMOMA Maryville David Easterla

Randy KorotevMOMI Mingo N.W.R. Bill EddlemanMOML Montrose Lake Wildlife Area John Belshe

Rhonda EdmundsMOMS Maramec Spring Mike DoyenMOPB Poplar Bluff Bruce BeckMOSC Squaw Creek N.W.R. Mark RobbinsMOSJ St. Joseph Larry LadeMOSL Swan Lake N.W.R. Steve KinderMOSP Springfield David BlevinsMOTC Taney County Charles BurwickMOTR Trimble Kristi MayoMOWS Weldon Spring Anne McCormack

MONTANA (MT)MTBE Big Hole Katharine StoneMTBG Bigfork Daniel CaseyMTBL Billings Mrs. Leon HicksMTBW Bowdoin N.W.R. Dwain PrellwitzMTBZ Bozeman John ParkerMTCC Clark Canyon Dam Jack KirkleyMTCH Chester Dave AllenMTEN Ennis Robin WolcottMTEU Eureka Lewis YoungMTFP Fort Peck Charles CarlsonMTGF Great Falls Richard MouselMTGK Grant-Kohrs Gary SwantMTGL Glacier N.P. Steve Gniadek

Susan SindtMTHA Hamilton John OrmistonMTHE Helena Cedron JonesMTKA Kalispell Daniel CaseyMTLE Lewistown Anne Tews

Carla DennisonMTLI Libby Sandra GerberMTLR Little Rocky Mountains Dwain PrellwitzMTMC Miles City Jennifer NagyMTMI Missoula Larry Weeks

102 AMERICAN BIRDS

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 103

MTMS McNeil Slough Dwain PrellwitzMTMV Musselshell Valley Rose Emily BlumMTNI Ninepipe N.W.R. Jim RogersMTPC Park County Sally MacDonaldMTST Stevensville David LockmanMTTF Three Forks Dennis FlathMTTR Troy Donald JonesMTUS Upper Swan Valley Jody WolffMTWS Warm Springs Gary SwantMTWY West Yellowstone John Heine

Kirk HornMTYE Yellowstone N.P. Terry McEneaney

NEBRASKA (NE)NEBO Branched Oak-Seward Joseph GubanyiNEBV Beaver Valley Don NoeckerNECL Calamus-Loup David HeidtNECR Crawford Bruce Walgren

Donna WalgrenNELI Lincoln Linda R. BrownNELM Lake McConaughy Stephen J. DinsmoreNENO Norfolk Duane WolffNENP North Platte T. J. WalkerNEOM Omaha Betty GrenonNEPP Ponca State Park Bill HuserNESC Scottsbluff Alice Kenitz

NEVADA (NV)NVAM Ash Meadows N.W.R. Carl LundbladNVCC Carson City Greg ScyphersNVDG Desert Game Range Hermi HiattNVEL Elko Lois PortsNVEY Ely Marian Lichtler

Nancy WilliamsNVFA Fallon Amy LeistNVHE Henderson Je Anne BrancaNVJA Jarbidge Karl RuprechtNVMD Minden Jim WoodsNVMU Muddy River Bruce Lund

David SyzdekNVPL Pyramid Lake Dennis SerdehelyNVRL Ruby Lake Jeff MackayNVSV Snake Valley Melissa RenfroNVTM Truckee Meadows David McNinch

NEW HAMPSHIRE (NH)NHBV Baker Valley Steve RoundsNHCF AMC Crawford Notch Craig Repasz

Lynn MoseleyNHCN Concord Robert QuinnNHCS Coastal New Hampshire David DonskerNHHN Hanover-Norwich Walter Ellison

Nancy MartinNHKE Keene Lance TaninoNHLD Lee-Durham Stephen MirickNHLN Laconia-New Hampton Pamela HuntNHLS Lake Sunapee Gary StansfieldNHLT Littleton David GovatskiNHMA Manchester Kevin ReidNHNH Nashua-Hollis Richard BielawskiNHPH Peterborough-Hancock Dave RowellNHPI Pittsburg David GovatskiNHSA Sandwich Tony Vazzano

NEW JERSEY (NJ)NJBA Barnegat Tom BaileyNJBO Boonton Rick RadisNJBP Belleplain Paul KostenNJCC Cumberland County Michael FritzNJCM Cape May Louise ZemaitisNJEL Elmer Jerry HaagNJGS Great Swamp-Watchung Ridges Pete AxelrodNJHR Hackensack-Ridgewood David HallNJLA Lakehurst Alex TongasNJLB Long Branch Patrick BelardoNJLH Lower Hudson Susan Elbin

Kirsten KlippNJMA Marmora Edgar BristowNJMI Mizpah Tom ReedNJMO Moorestown Mark PensieroNJNG Northwestern Gloucester County Ronald KegelNJNH Northwestern Hunterdon County Peter Kwiatek

NJOC Oceanville Brian MoscatelloEdgar Bristow

NJPI Pinelands Robert ConferNJPR Princeton Laurie Larson

Louis BeckNJRA Ramsey John Brotherton

Patricia BrothertonStiles Thomas

NJRE Raritan Estuary Tom OstrandNJSA Salem Jerry HaagNJSH Sandy Hook Scott BarnesNJSO Somerset County John KeeNJSU Sussex County Alan BoydNJTM Trenton Marshes Mary Doscher

Brad MerrittNJWC Warren County-Northampton County Jane BullisNJWV Walnut Valley Dennis Briede

NEW MEXICO (NM)NMAE Angel Fire-Eagle Nest Agnes GibsonNMAL Albuquerque Hart SchwarzNMBD Bosque del Apache N.W.R. Dave HawksworthNMCA Caballo John DouglasNMCC Carlsbad Caverns N.P. Steve WestNMCL Clayton Christopher RustayNMCM Cimarron Mary Jo KellyNMCV Clovis Grant Beauprez

Dan CrookNMDI Dixon Robert TempletonNMEL Eunice-Lea County Pat McCasland

Linda McCaslandNMES Espanola Bernard FoyNMFA Farmington Alan NelsonNMFP Five Points Nancy Cox

Steven CoxNMGR Gila River Roland ShookNMLA Lakes Avalon-Brantley Tom HinesNMLC Las Cruces David GriffinNMLO Loving Craig C. CranstonNMLR Ladder Ranch Bill WestNMLV Las Vegas Lea KnutsonNMMA Maxwell N.W.R. Linda MowbrayNMOV Orilla Verde Robert WeberNMPM Peloncillo Mountains Alan CraigNMQU Questa Robert WeberNMRO Roswell Jeffrey Sanchez

Susan HaseltineNMRU Ruidoso Anita PowellNMSC Silver City Rinda Metz

Karen BeckenbachNMSE Sevilleta N.W.R. Steven Cox

Nancy CoxNMSF Santa Fe Deanna EinspahrNMSM Sandia Mountains Nick VaughnNMZU Zuni John Trochet

NEW YORK (NY)NYAC Albany County Alan Mapes

Scott StonerNYBI Binghamton Gail KirchNYBL Bolton Landing Sarah HoffmanNYBM Beaver Meadow Paul FehringerNYBR L.I.: Brooklyn Rick CechNYBU Buffalo David A. GordonNYBW Bronx-Westchester Region Michael BochnikNYCA L.I.: Captree Shai MitraNYCH Conesus-Hemlock-Honeoye Lakes Carolyn BarnhartNYCL Clinton Matthew PerryNYCM Chatham William CookNYCR Cortland Matthew Young

Judy ReadNYCS L.I.: Central Suffolk County Eileen SchwinnNYDC Dutchess County William CaseNYEL Elmira Bill OstranderNYEO Eastern Orange County Robert SlechtaNYEZ Elizabethtown Charlotte DemersNYFP Fort Plain Bob DonnellyNYFR Dunkirk-Fredonia Joanne Goetz

Paul FarverNYGE Geneva Lisa RouseNYHE Hamburg-East Aurora Thomas O’DonnellNYHF Hudson Falls Linda White

NYHV Pawling (Hidden Valley) Carena PoothAngela Dimmitt

NYIT Ithaca Kevin McGowanNYJA Jamestown William Seleen NYJG Johnstown-Gloversville Pamela HuntNYLS Letchworth-Silver Lake Douglas BassettNYMC Massena-Cornwall Bruce Di LabioNYMK L.I.: Montauk Hugh McGuinness

Angus WilsonNYML Mohonk Lake-Ashokan Reservoir Steve ChorvasNYMT Monticello Daniel NivenNYMZ Montezuma Carol Stokes-CawleyNYNN L.I.: Northern Nassau County Glenn QuinnNYNW New Woodstock-Southern Highlands Matthew Young

Judy ReadNYOD Oneida Brenda BestNYOF Old Forge Gary LeeNYOO Oak Orchard Swamp Celeste MorienNYOR L.I.: Orient Mary Laura LamontNYOS Oswego-Fulton Bill Purcell

Margaret RuskNYOT Oneonta J. Robert MillerNYOW Owego Rita PantleNYPC Putnam County Charles RobertoNYPE Peekskill John Askildsen

Michael NewhouseNYPL Plattsburgh Judith Heintz

Melanie Mc CormackNYQU L.I.: Queens Ian ResnickNYQW L.I.: Quogue-Watermill Steven BiasettiNYRC Rockland County Alan Wells

Della WellsNYRH Rochester Robert SpahnNYRM Rome Bruce CarpenterNYSA Salem John HelftNYSB St. Bonaventure Regina VanScoyNYSH Sherburne Fred von MechowNYSI Staten Island Edward JohnsonNYSK Skaneateles John CashierNYSL Saranac Lake Larry MasterNYSM L.I.: Smithtown Richard GosticNYSN L.I.: Southern Nassau County Patricia LindsayNYSO Scio Russell AllenNYSR Southern Rensselaer County Philip WhitneyNYST Schenectady William LeeNYSU Southern Orange County Herbert SteinNYSY Syracuse Kevin McGannNYTR Troy Lawrence AldenNYWA Watertown David ProsserNYWG Watkins Glen Jack BrubakerNYWL Wilson-Lake Plains Garner Light

NORTH CAROLINA (NC)NCAL Alamance County Harry ShoffnerNCAR Alligator River N.W.R. Jeff LewisNCBC Buncombe County Marilyn WestphalNCBP Bodie-Pea Island Paul SykesNCBR Brevard Norma SiebenhellerNCCB Central Beaufort County Kevin O’KaneNCCC Cumberland County Brian BockhahnNCCH Cape Hatteras Patricia MooreNCCP Chapel Hill Will CookNCCR Charlotte Ken KneidelNCCV Catawba Valley Dwayne MartinNCDU Durham Michael SchultzNCFL Falls Lake Brian BockhahnNCGA Gastonia Steven TracyNCGM Grandfather Mountain Curtis SmallingNCGR Greensboro Herb Hendrickson

Don AllenNCGV Greenville Dr. Veronica Pantelidis

Howard VainrightNCHC Henderson County Wayne ForsytheNCHR Hanging Rock S.P. Philip Dickinson

Ron MorrisNCIC Iredell County Sam CatheyNCJL Jordan Lake Norman BudnitzNCKH Kitty Hawk Jeff LewisNCKL Kerr Lake Brian BockhahnNCLJ Camp Lejeune Chad Garber

Lindsey MossNCMA Mattamuskeet N.W.R. Allen Bryan

104 AMERICAN BIRDS

NCMC Morehead City John FussellNCMJ Mount Jefferson Aaron FloydNCNB New Bern Robert HolmesNCNR New River Harrol BlevinsNCOI Ocracoke Island Peter VankevichNCPC Pamlico County Liz LathropNCPD Pee Dee N.W.R. Don FinkNCPE Pettigrew S.P. Doug LeQuireNCPI Portsmouth Island Peter VankevichNCRA Raleigh John ConnorsNCRK Roanoke Rapids Fred LobdellNCRM Rocky Mount Brian BockhahnNCRV Raven Rock S.P. Erik ThomasNCSB Southport-Bald Head-Oak Islands Melinda JonesNCSL Southern Lake Norman Taylor PiephoffNCSM Stone Mountain Guy McGraneNCSP Southern Pines Susan CampbellNCWI Wilmington Samuel CooperNCWS Winston-Salem John Haire

NORTH DAKOTA (ND)NDAR Arrowwood N.W.R. Paulette ScherrNDBM Bismarck-Mandan Clark TalkingtonNDDB Denbigh Dan SvingenNDDL Des Lacs N.W.R. Dave BolinNDFM Fargo-Moorhead Robert O’ConnorNDGD Garrison Dam Ron MartinNDGF Grand Forks-East Grand Forks David LambethNDHA Hazen Meghan Dinkins

Judith DinkinsNDIC Icelandic S.P. Mike JacobsNDJA Jamestown Lawrence IglNDJC J. Clark Salyer N.W.R. Gary EslingerNDLL Long Lake N.W.R. Mike RabenbergNDME Medora Valerie Naylor

Nathan KingNDMI Minot Ron MartinNDTE Tewaukon N.W.R. Kristine AskeroothNDTR Theodore Roosevelt N.P. (north unit) Valerie NaylorNDUS Upper Souris N.W.R. Ron MartinNDVC Valley City Stacy Hoehn

OHIO (OH)OHAA Ashtabula Marc HannemanOHAC Adams County Mark ZlobaOHAD Ashland Tim LeslieOHBC Beaver Creek Jim KerrOHBF The Brown Family Environmental Center Earl HeithausOHBL Buckeye Lake Jeffrey L. WhiteOHBS Black Swamp Micki DunakinOHBU Burton Linda GilbertOHBV Beaver Valley Tom BainOHBY Bucyrus Warren UxleyOHCA Cadiz Scott PendletonOHCF Cuyahoga Falls Marie Morgan

Bill OsborneBert Szabo

OHCH Chandlersville Scott AlbaughOHCI Cincinnati Jay StengerOHCL Cleveland Jerry TalkingtonOHCO Columbus Robert ThornOHCS Caesar Creek-Spring Valley James O’BoyleOHDA Dayton Sue TackettOHDR Delaware Reservoir Edward BurttOHEF East Fork Lake S.P. Joe BensOHEL Elyria-Lorain David BraggOHFI Firelands Carol AndresOHFR Fremont John SawvelOHGL Grand Lake-St. Marys Eric JuterbockOHGR Grand Rapids-Waterville Tom KempOHGV Greenville Bob WelchOHGW Goll Woods Jon DillerOHHF Hamilton-Fairfield Mike BusamOHHH Hocking Hills Jere BrunkenOHHR Hoover Reservoir Charles BombaciOHIL Indian Lake Eric JuterbockOHKI Kingston Robert SparksOHKP Killdeer Plains Wildlife Area Ed LuxOHLE Lake Erie Islands John PogacnikOHLK Lakewood Nancy HowellOHLN Lancaster David GoslinOHMA Mansfield Steve McKee

OHME Mentor Anders FjeldstadOHMG Mount Gilead Ed KimmeyOHMI Millersburg Bruce Glick

Dennis KlineOHMO Mohican State Forest Roger TroutmanOHNL New Lexington Steven ThompsonOHOS O’Shaughnessy Reservoir Darlene SillickOHOT Ottawa N.W.R. H. Thomas BartlettOHOX Oxford Lawrence ShermanOHPC Paint Creek Area Stephen WagnerOHPL Plymouth Bradley PhillipsOHPO Portsmouth David RiepenhoffOHPR Preble County Daryl MichaelOHQH Quail Hollow-Hartville Dawn CatalanoOHRA Ragersville Ed Schlabach

Robert SchlabachOHRU Rudolph Tom KempOHSA Salem Walt SturgeonOHTC Trumbull County Carole BabyakOHTI Tiffin James CoffmanOHTO Toledo Matt AndersonOHWE Wellington Erik BruderOHWH Western Hamilton County Ned KellerOHWI Wilmot Ben MorrisonOHWO Wooster Roger TroutmanOHYO Youngstown Gary Meiter

OKLAHOMA (OK)OKAN Arnett Eddie StegallOKBB Broken Bow Reservoir Berlin HeckOKFG Fort Gibson Reservoir Jeri McMahonOKHR Hulah Reservoir Marta HarrisOKKE Kenton (Black Mesa) Sebastian PattiOKNO Norman Mark HoweryOKOC Oklahoma City John ShackfordOKRC Rogers County Richard StuartOKSC Stephens County Roma LenehanOKSE Sequoyah Chad FordOKSL Sooner Lake John CouchOKSP Salt Plains N.W.R. Glenda LeslieOKST Stillwater James OwnbyOKSV Spavinaw Rolla WagnerOKTI Tishomingo N.W.R. Charles BrownOKTP Tallgrass Prairie Preserve Don WolfeOKTU Tulsa Jo LoydOKWA Washita N.W.R. Amber ZimmermanOKWM Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge Michael Husak

OREGON (OR)ORAI Airlie Paul Adamus

Joel GeierORAN Antelope Pete WeigelORAT Antone Joel Geier

David SchasORBA Baker Joanne BrittonORBC Baker County-Salisbury Joanne BrittonORBE Bend Tom CrabtreeORBR Brownsville Barbara CombsORCB Coos Bay Tim RodenkirkORCE Columbia Estuary Mike PattersonORCO Corvallis Marcia F. CutlerORCV Coquille Valley Alan ContrerasORDA Dallas Roy GerigOREU Eugene Dick LamsterORFG Forest Grove MaryAnne Sohlstrom

Greg GillsonORFL Florence Roger Robb

Kit LarsenORGP Grants Pass Dennis VromanORHM Hart Mountain Marla BennettORHR Hood River Catherine J. FlickORIV Illinois Valley Romain CooperORJD John Day Thomas WintersORKF Klamath Falls Kevin SpencerORLA Little Applegate Mac (Laurel) SutherlinORME Medford Gwyneth RagosineOROA Oakridge Joel Geier

Cheron FerlandWanda Wilson

ORPD Portland Wink GrossORPO Port Orford Jim Rogers

Don MunsonCarrie Rogers

ORPR Prineville Charles GatesORRD Redmond Kimdel OwenORRS Roseburg-Sutherlin Ronald MaertzORSA Salem Glen LindemanORSL Silverton Roger Freeman

Matthew SchneiderORSU Summer Lake Martin St. LouisORTB Tillamook Bay Owen SchmidtORUC Union County Trent BrayORUM Umatilla County Aaron SkirvinORUN Upper Nestucca Don AlbrightORUT Utopia Pete WeigelORWC Wallowa County Andie LuedersORYB Yaquina Bay Rebecca Cheek

PENNSYLVANIA (PA)PAAU Audubon Edie ParnumPABC Buffalo Creek Valley George ReesePABE Bald Eagle S.P. Robert SnyderPABF Bedford County Mike JacksonPABH Bethlehem-Easton Elaine MeasePABK Buffalo Creek Larry HelgermanPABL Bloomsburg Cathy HaffnerPABN Bernville Ed BarrellPABR Bushy Run S.P. Dick ByersPABU Butler County Suzanne ButcherPABV Beaver Richard MasonPACB Central Bucks County Diane AllisonPACH Chambersburg Joan BowenPACL Clarksville Terry DaytonPACR Clarion Ruth Schurr

Fran WilliamsPACU Culp Steven BontaPADA Dallas Area James HoysonPADF Dingman’s Ferry Molly CheckPADU Dubois Marianne Atkinson

Jocelynn SmrekarPAEL Elverson Robert CookPAEM Emporium Bob MartinPAER Erie Chuck GehringerPAGE Gettysburg Michael OBrienPAGL Delaware County (Glenolden) David EberlyPAHM Hamburg Laurie Goodrich

Jack HolcombPAHR Harrisburg Deuane HoffmanPAHU Huntingdon David KylerPAIN Indiana Margaret Higbee

Roger HigbeePAJO Johnstown Thomas DickPALA Lancaster Barbara HunsbergerPALB Southern Bucks County Robert MercerPALC Lebanon County Frederick HeilmanPALG Lewisburg Allen SchweinsbergPALH Lock Haven-Jersey Shore Wayne LaubscherPALN Linesville Thomas C. NicollsPALR Lake Raystown Greg GrovePALT Lewistown Chad KauffmanPALV Lehigh Valley Mark BoydPALZ Lititz Bruce CarlPAMA Mansfield-Wellsboro Gary TysonPANB New Bloomfield Ramsay KouryPANL Northern Lycoming David FerryPANM Nescopeck Mountain Alan GregoryPANV Newville Bill FranzPAPB Philipsburg Greg KojadinovichPAPI Pittsburgh James ValimontPAPL Pleasantville Russ StatesPAPM Pocono Mountain Brian HardimanPAPS Pittsburgh South Hills Nancy PagePAPV Pennypack Valley Peter KurtzPARD Reading Ken LeboPART Rector Leonard & Linda HessPARY Ryerson Marjorie HowardPASB Southeastern Bradford County Trudy GerlachPASC State College James Dunn

Bob FowlesPASL Southern Lancaster County Robert SchutskyPASR Scranton Paul MundyPASW Western Schuylkill County Dave KruelPATH Thompson Stuart SlocumPATU Tunkhannock Rick KovalPAUB Upper Bucks County Bill Etter

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 105

PAWC West Chester Barry BlustPAWI Williamsport David FerryPAWL Wild Creek-Little Gap Joshua NemethPAWM White Mills Barbara LeoPAWN Western Chester County Larry Lewis

Rick RobinsonPAWR Warren Michael ToolePAWS Washington Thomas ContrerasPAWY Wyncote Andy FayerPAYO York Bill DelGrande

RHODE ISLAND (RI)RIBI Block Island Christopher RaithelRINC Newport County-Westport Robert EmersonRINT Napatree, RI-CT-NY Shai MitraRISK South Kingstown Scott Tsagarakis

SOUTH CAROLINA (SC)SCAB Ace Basin David ChamberlainSCAI Aiken Calvin ZipplerSCCA Charleston Paul Nolan

Jennifer TyrrellSCCG Congaree Swamp John GregoSCCL Clemson J. Drew LanhamSCCO Columbia Steve DennisSCCS Carolina Sandhills N.W.R. Nancy JordanSCFH Four Holes Swamp Jeff Mollenhauer

Mark MusselmanSCHH Hilton Head Island Nan LloydSCLC Long Cane Steve PattersonSCLO Lowcountry Ken ScottSCLP Litchfield-Pawleys Island Chris HillSCLS Lower Saluda Jason GiovannoneSCLW Lake Wateree Donna SlyceSCMC McClellanville Nathan DiasSCNG North Greenville J. B. HinesSCPD Pee Dee Area David C. McLean Jr.SCPW Pinewood Lex GloverSCRR Rocky River Steve PattersonSCSC Sun City-Okatie Helen ChattertonSCSN Santee N.W.R. Dennis ForsytheSCSP Spartanburg Lyle CampbellSCSR Savannah River Site Mark VukovichSCWB Winyah Bay Lex GloverSCYR York-Rock Hill Bill Hilton Jr.

SOUTH DAKOTA (SD)SDBA Badlands N.P. Eddie ChildersSDBI Bison Meghan DinkinsSDBR Brookings Nelda HoldenSDHU Huron Bridgette Flanders-WannerSDLA Lake Andes Edward RodriguezSDMA Madison Jeffrey PalmerSDPI Pierre Doug BacklundSDPM Piedmont Addison BallSDRC Rapid City Michael MeliusSDSF Sioux Falls Robert SchenckSDSH Shadehill Dan SvingenSDSL Sand Lake N.W.R. William SchultzeSDSP Spearfish Daniel BjerkeSDST Sturgis Victor FondySDWA Waubay N.W.R. Laura HubersSDYA Yankton Roger Dietrich

TENNESEE (TN)TNBI Bristol Richard LewisTNBR Buffalo River Damien Simbeck

Don SimbeckTNCA Cades Cove, Great Smoky

Mountains N.P. Susan HoyleTNCC Cross Creeks N.W.R. Sarah WelkerTNCH Chattanooga Kevin CalhoonTNCL Clarksville Deborah HamiltonTNCO Columbia Tommy EdwardsTNCS Crossville Edmund LeGrandTNCV Cookeville Stephen StedmanTNCY Clay County Terry CampbellTNDK DeKalb County Carol D. WilliamsTNEL Elizabethton Rick KnightTNFC Fayette County Kate GoochTNFR Franklin-Coffee County LouAnn PartingtonTNGS Great Smoky Mountains N.P. David Trently

TNHI Hiwassee Kevin CalhoonTNHP Hickory-Priest Chris SloanTNJA Jackson Mark GreeneTNKI Kingsport William GrigsbyTNKN Knoxville K. Dean EdwardsTNME Memphis Margaret JeffersonTNNA Nashville Jan ShawTNNL Nickajack Lake David SpicerTNRL Reelfoot Lake Mark GreeneTNRM Roan Mountain Rick KnightTNSA Savannah Damien SimbeckTNSV Shady Valley-Mountain City Robert BillerTNWC Warren County Gregg GarrisonTNWH White County Douglas Downs

TEXAS (TX)TXAB Abilene Dan SymondsTXAM Amarillo Thomas JohnsonTXAP Attwater Prairie Chicken N.W.R. Sumita PrasadTXAR Aransas N.W.R. Darrin WelchertTXAU Austin Laurie FossTXAY Armand Bayou Martha Hood

Mark KramerTXAZ Anzalduas-Bentsen Jennifer Owen-White

Mary GustafsonTXBA Balmorhea Kelly Bryan

Erik BredenTXBB Bastrop-Buescher State Parks David Mitchell

Joshua MitchellTXBC Balcones Canyonlands Laurie Foss

Shelia HargisTXBE Beech Creek John Whittle

David RoemerTXBF Buffalo Bayou Adam Wood

Michael WilliamsTXBG Big Bend N.P. (east) Bryan HaleTXBL Buffalo Lake N.W.R. Joseph CepedaTXBN Burnet County Elizabeth KnebelTXBO Boerne Sue WiedenfeldTXBP Bolivar Peninsula William Graber

Karen McCormickTXBR Brazoria Tom TaroniTXBS Big Spring Sammy HunnicuttTXBU Bell County Thomas RobbinsTXBV Brownsville Katherine MillerTXBZ Brazos Bend Bill GodleyTXCA Caddo National Grasslands Doug WoodTXCC Corpus Christi Lawrence JordanTXCF Corpus Christi (Flour Bluff) Lawrence JordanTXCK Choke Canyon Paul SunbyTXCM Chisos Mountains Bryan HaleTXCO Comstock Sue WiedenfeldTXCP Chaparral W.M.A. Dan WalkerTXCR Crawford Eric HaskellTXCS College Station Betty VermeireTXCT Coastal Tip Leo Gustafson

Chris NeriTXCY Cypress Creek Fred CollinsTXDA Dallas County Gretchen & Jim PetersonTXDM Davis Mountains Kelly Bryan

Erik BredenTXDR Del Rio Karen GleasonTXEP El Paso Jim PatonTXFD Falcon Dam and S.P. Jim HaileyTXFR Freeport Michael AustinTXFW Fort Worth David PowellTXGA Galveston Dwight PeakeTXGC Gibbons Creek Darrell VollertTXGF Guadalupe River Delta-McFaddin

Family Ranches Brent OrtegoTXGM Guadalupe Mountains Fred Armstrong

Jeremy MarkusonTXGR Granger Scott YoungTXGT Georgetown-Andice Edward RozenburgTXHA Hagerman N.W.R. Wayne MeyerTXHG Harlingen Mark ConwayTXHO Houston David SarkoziTXHT Hueco Tanks Richard HermosilloTXHU Huntsville Dan JonesTXKI Kingsville Glenn Perrigo

Thomas LangschiedTXKV Kerrville Richard Redmond

TXLA Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. Stacy SanchezJody Mays

TXLD Laredo Susan FosterTXLE Lake Meredith (east) Susan ThompsonTXLG Longview David BrothertonTXLK Lake Tawakoni Richard KinneyTXLO Lake O’ the Pines David BrothertonTXLR Lake Ray Hubbard Jack Hill

Derek HillTXLS La Sal Vieja Martin HagneTXLU Lubbock County Anthony HewetsonTXLV Lewisville Keith LockhartTXLW Lake Meredith (west) Michael RyanTXMC Mckinney Roger SandersonTXMI Midland Donna KellyTXMM Matagorda County-Mad Island Marsh Brent Ortego

Marilyn SitzTXMN Mcnary Barry ZimmerTXMU Muleshoe N.W.R. Anthony HewetsonTXMW Matador Wildlife Management Matthew PooleTXNA Nacogdoches David Wolf

Mimi WolfTXNB New Braunfels David SarkoziTXOC Orange County Ken SztrakyTXOR Old River Harry ElliottTXPA Port Aransas Joan Holt

Scott HoltTXPM Palmetto S.P. Dwayne RogersTXPP Palo Pinto David PowellTXPR Paris Nancee SalzmanTXPS Palestine Ann HuffstetterTXQN Quanah Steve WelbornTXQU Quitaque Joel ReeseTXRL Robert Lee Rose Marie StortzTXRO Rockport Robert EdwardsTXSA Santa Ana N.W.R. Laura de la GarzaTXSB San Bernard N.W.R. Ron Weeks

Jennifer WilsonTXSC Spring Creek Albert BarrTXSG San Angelo Russell WilkeTXSJ San Jacinto Wilderness David HendersonTXSR Sea Rim S.P. John WhittleTXST San Antonio K. Sheridan CoffeyTXTC Turkey Creek John Whittle

David RoemerTXTE Texarkana Don Kyle

Jean BrattonDon Kendall

TXTN Trinity River Stuart MarcusTXTT Tenaha-Timpson David BrothertonTXTY Tyler Peter BarnesTXUC Uvalde County Susan CooperTXVC Village Creek Drying Beds Jim SipioraTXVI Victoria Bill FarnsworthTXWA Waco E. G. White-SwiftTXWF Wichita Falls Debra McKeeTXWK West Kerr County Bill LindemannTXWP Westcave Preserve Dan Callaway

Ethel KutacTXWR White River Anthony HewetsonTXWS Weslaco Martin HagneTXWW Welder Wildlife Refuge Terry Blankenship

UTAH (UT)UTAI Antelope Island John BellmonUTBC Bryce Canyon N.P. Sarah HaasUTBF Bluff Luther GiddingsUTBL Bear Lake Dennis AustinUTBR Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge John BellmonUTCC Cedar City Keith Day

Steve HedgesUTDJ Dinosaur N.M.-Jensen Kathy PaulinUTES Grand Staircase-Escalante N.M. Kathy MuntheUTFS Fish Springs N.W.R. Jay BantaUTHV Heber Valley Wendy WilsonUTJR Jordan River Jeanne LeBerUTKA Kanab Lisa ChurchUTLO Logan Bryan DixonUTMG Morgan John Bellmon

Weston SmithUTMO Moab Marcy HafnerUTOG Ogden John BellmonUTOR Ouray N.W.R. Diane Penttila

106 AMERICAN BIRDS

UTPA Payson Gary AustinUTPR Provo Ned HillUTSG St. George Marilyn Davis

Keith DavisUTSL Salt Lake City Pomera FronceUTSR Silver Reef Marilyn DavisUTTR Torrey Jay BantaUTZI Zion N.P. Claire Crow

VERMONT (VT)VTBA Barnet Charlie BrowneVTBR Brattleboro Alfred MerrittVTBU Burlington Eric LazarusVTCS Champlain Islands-St. Albans Elizabeth Alton

Ken CopenhaverVTFE Ferrisburg Mike WinslowVTHI Hinesburg Paul WieczoreckVTIP Island Pond Jayson BenoitVTMA Mount Abraham Randy DurandVTMB Middlebury James Andrews

Kristine AndrewsVTMR Mad River Valley Pat FolsomVTPL Plainfield Chip DarmstadtVTRD Randolph Richard EnserVTRU Rutland Roy PilcherVTSP Springfield Hugh PutnamVTSR Saxton’s River Donald ClarkVTWI Winhall Ruth StewartVTWO Woodstock Sarah Laughlin

VIRGINIA (VA)VAAC Augusta County Allen LarnerVABB Back Bay N.W.R. Paul SykesVABD Blackford Robert RiggsVABH Buchanan Tom HunterVABK Brooke Odette JamesVABL Blacksburg Patricia Polentz

Bruce GrimesVABR Banister River W.M.A. Jeffrey C. BlalockVACA Charlottesville Jennifer GadenVACC Cape Charles Henry ArmisteadVACH Chancellorsville Beverly SmithVACI Chincoteague N.W.R. Richard RobertsVACL Central Loudon Joseph ColemanVACN Calmes Neck Margaret WesterVADA Danville Laura MederVAFB Fort Belvoir Kurt GaskillVAFI Fincastle Barry Kinzie

Eunice HudginsVAGO Gordonsville Donald OberVAGS Glade Spring Ronald HarringtonVALA Lake Anna Michael BoatwrightVALC Little Creek Paul SykesVALE Lexington Dick RoweVALY Lynchburg Rexanne BrunoVAMA Mathews John Bazuin Jr.VAMB Manassas-Bull Run Robert ShipmanVAMW Mount Rogers-White Top Mountain Allen BoyntonVANN Newport News Clark WhiteVANO Nokesville Kim HosenVANR Nansemond River Robert AkeVANS Northern Shenandoah Valley Rob Simpson

Charles TurnerVANW Nassawadox Henry ArmisteadVARC Rockingham County William “Bill” BenishVASL Shenandoah N.P.-Luray Alan WilliamsVATA Tazewell Sarah CromerVAWA Walkerton Frederick AtwoodVAWB Washington’s Birthplace William PortlockVAWC Wise County Randy StanleyVAWI Williamsburg Bill WilliamsVAWP Wachapreague Irvin AilesVAWR Warren Allen HaleVAWY Waynesboro Crista Cabe

WASHINGTON (WA)WABG Bellingham Joe MecheWABR Bridgeport Michael SchroederWACC Cowlitz-Columbia Bob ReistrofferWACE Cle Elum Michael HobbsWACK Columbia Hills-Klickitat Valley Stuart JohnstonWACL Chelan Steve EasleyWACO Colville Barbara Harding

WACT Camas Prairie-Trout Lake Stuart JohnstonWAEA East Lake Washington Hugh JenningsWAED Edmonds Jan van NielWAEV Everett Scott AtkinsonWAGC Grand Coulee David St. GeorgeWAGH Grays Harbor Dianna MooreWAKA Kent-Auburn M. FreelandWAKC Kitsap County Gene BullockWALP Leadbetter Point Robert Sudar

Alan RichardsWALY Lyle Bob HansenWAML Moses Lake Doug SchonewaldWANC North Cascades Robert C. Kuntz IIWAOH Oak Harbor Janet HallWAOO Omak-Okanogan Gordon KentWAPA Port Angeles Barbara BlackieWAPB Padilla Bay Robert C. Kuntz IIWAPO Pend Oreille John P. StuartWAPT Port Townsend Richard Johnson

Dan WaggonerWASB Skagit Bay Hal Opperman

Lee BarnesWASD Sequim-Dungeness Bob BoekelheideWASE Seattle Eugene HunnWASI Anacortes-Sidney Joe MecheWASJ San Juan Islands Archipelago Barbara JensenWASP Spokane Alan McCoyWATA Tacoma Faye McAdams HandsWATC Tri-Cities Dana WardWATO Toppenish N.W.R. Andy StepniewskiWATW Twisp Ken BevisWAVA Vashon Sue TrevathanWAWE Wenatchee Daniel StephensWAWK Wahkiakum Andrew EmlenWAYV Yakima Valley Denny Granstrand

WASHINGTON, DC (DC)DCDC Washington Larry Cartwright

WEST VIRGINIA (WV)WVCA Canaan Ken SturmWVCH Charleston Marilyn MortonWVCT Charles Town Bob DeanWVEL Elkins Area Rob TallmanWVHC Hampshire County Vini SchoeneWVHU Huntington Wendell ArgabriteWVIN Inwood Bob DeanWVLE Lewisburg Benjamin HandleyWVMC McDowell County Allen WaldronWVMF Moorefield Jane Whitaker

Rob TallmanWVMO Morgantown LeJay GraffiousWVOH Oak Hill Lloyd LewisWVON Ona Wendell ArgabriteWVPA Pipestem Area Jim PhillipsWVPC Pendleton County Fred AtwoodWVPH Pocahontas County Rob TallmanWVPK Parkersburg Jeanette EskerWVRC Raleigh County Allen WaldronWVWH Wheeling Greg Park

WISCONSIN (WI)WIAM Amherst Joe Passineau

Susan A. AndersonWIAS Ashland Dick VerchWIBL Beloit Brad PaulsonWIBR Bridgeport Dennis KirschbaumWIBV Blanchardville David WillardWICA Cable Cully SheltonWICF Chippewa Falls Charles KemperWICL Clam Lake Keith MerkelWICV Cassville David M. Sikorski

Amy SikorskiWIDU Durand Charles KemperWIDY Dyckesville Ed HoustonWIFI Fifield Thomas Nicholls

Kathy KascewiczMarty Kascewicz

WIFS Friendship Paul HunterJym Mooney

WIGB Green Bay John JacobsWIGI Gilman Ken Luepke

Connie Decker

WIGR Grantsburg Dennis AllamanWIHL Holcombe Charles KemperWIHW Hayward Cully SheltonWILC La Crosse Dan JacksonWILG Lake Geneva Mariette NowakWIMA Madison Aaron StutzWIMD Medford Susanne Adams

Lisa BrehmWIMI Milwaukee Andrea SzymczakWIMO Monroe John PattersonWINE Nelson Charles KemperWINR New Richmond Joseph MerchakWIOW Owen Gayle DavisWIPE Peshtigo Barbara BerezaWIPO Poynette Mark Martin

Sue Foote-MartinWIPP Pardeeville Paul Schwalbe

Glenna SchwalbeWIPY Palmyra Eric HoweWIRC Racine Eric HoweWIRL Rhinelander Vanessa Haese-Lehman

Joel FloryWISH Sheboygan June PlatzWISL Summit Lake Joel FloryWISN Spencer Ken Luepke

Connie DeckerWISP Stevens Point Nancy StevensonWISS South Shore Barbara MoldenhauserWIWA Washington Island Ursula PetersenWIWI Willard Ken Luepke

Connie DeckerWIWK Waukesha Cathy HeyenWIWT Wautoma Chip Hutler

WYOMING (WY)WYAC Albany County Deb PaulsonWYBH Bates Hole Charles ScottWYBU Buffalo Deane BjerkeWYCA Casper Christian MichelsonWYCH Cheyenne Greg JohnsonWYCO Cody Joyce CiccoWYCR Crowheart Susan Hill

Dolores HaslamEvelyn Wilkinson

WYDU Dubois Anna MoscickiWYEV Evanston Tim GormanWYGF Guernsey-Fort Larramie Jane DornWYGI Gillette Mark WinlandWYGR Green River Rick SteenbergWYJH Jackson Hole Susan MarshWYKA Kane Suzanne MorstadWYLA Lander Delbert NelsonWYPD Pinedale Betty BoehmWYRT Riverton Wanda MajorWYSB Story-Big Horn Jean Daly

Roger A. AppellWYSD Sundance Jennifer AdamsWYSH Sheridan Helen Moriarty

CallingAll Counters!We’re always looking for images to

use in American Birds, such as

photographs of birds seen during the

Christmas Bird Count or participants in

the field. If you would like your pictures

considered for publication, please go to

the CBC page on the Audubon website,

www.christmasbirdcount.org, and click

on the link for online photo submittal.

y

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 107

Canadian counts reported 279 specieson the 110th Christmas Bird Count,down 4 from last year. Two species(boldfaced below) were added to thecumulative list: a Jack Snipe seen atGreater Masset, BC, and a RusticBunting at Creighton, SK. TheCanadian list now stands at 420. BritishColumbia led the way as usual with 154high counts, followed by Ontario with79, and Nova Scotia with 35. Ladner,BC, had the highest number for a singlecount with 33, followed by Victoria, BC(30), St. John’s, NL (10), and Blenheim,ON (10). Twenty-six of the high countsare all-time Canadian highs (numbersboldfaced below). Perhaps the recordthat fell the hardest is that for Yellow-billed Loon; the previous record was 16,set in Hecate Strait four years ago. The42 seen in Hecate Strait this year is anew all-time high for North America.Species in italics indicate those totals (58species) that are highs for North Americaas well as Canada. Two high counts wereflagged as having no details; these arelabeled ND in the list below. Neitherinvolved new high records for Canada.Exotic species and hybrids are notincluded in this list.

Greater White-fronted Goose 50 (BC,Sooke), Snow Goose 7580 (BC, Ladner),Snow Goose (blue form) 3 (ON, St.Clair N.W.A.), Ross’s Goose 1 (ON,Belleville), Brant 414 (BC, Ladner),Barnacle Goose 1 (QC, Longueuil),Cackling Goose 1874 (BC, Abbotsford-Mission), Canada Goose 12,987 (ON,Pickering), Mute Swan 445 (ON,Presqu’ile P.P.), Trumpeter Swan 1767(BC, Duncan), Tundra Swan 3622 (ON,North Shore), Wood Duck 516 (BC,Chilliwack), Gadwall 269 (ON,Kingston), Eurasian Wigeon 90 (BC,Ladner), Am. Wigeon 25,054 (BC,Ladner), Am. Black Duck 2280 (NS,

Pictou Harbour), Mallard 19,224 (BC,Ladner), Blue-winged Teal 2 (BC,Oliver-Osoyoos), N. Shoveler 195 (BC,Ladner), N. Pintail 11,232 (BC, Ladner),Green-winged Teal 3924 (BC, Ladner),Eur. Green-winged Teal 7 (NL, St.John’s), Canvasback 2020 (ON, HolidayBeach), Redhead 3025 (ON, Kingston),Ring-necked Duck 506 (BC, PortAlberni), Tufted Duck 34 (NL, St.John’s), Lesser Scaup 915 (BC, Duncan),King Eider 5 (NL, Cape Race), Com.Eider 4865 (NL, Cape Race), HarlequinDuck 399 (BC, Deep Bay), Surf Scoter4813 (BC, Vancouver), White-wingedScoter 1919 (BC, Comox), Black Scoter323 (NS, Louisbourg), Long-tailedDuck 12,856 (ON, Prince EdwardPoint), Bufflehead 2098 (BC, Victoria),Com. Goldeneye 5792 (ON, Hamilton),Barrow’s Goldeneye 1838 (BC, LowerHowe Sound), Hooded Merganser 544(BC, Victoria), Com. Merganser 3133(ON, Thousand Islands), Red-breastedMerganser 9238 (ON, Point Pelee),Ruddy Duck 606 (BC, Duncan).

Chukar 98 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos),Gray Partridge 390 (SK, Morse), Ring-necked Pheasant 244 (NS, Wolfville),Ruffed Grouse 35 (BC, Fort St. James),Spruce Grouse 12 (YT, Marsh Lake-YukonRiver), Willow Ptarmigan 204 (NT,Yellowknife), White-tailed Ptarmigan 3(BC, Whistler), Dusky Grouse 3 (BC,Penticton), Sharp-tailed Grouse 173(MB, Lyleton), Wild Turkey 525 (ON,London), California Quail 3005 (BC,Penticton), N. Bobwhite 1 (ON,Pembroke, ND), Red-throated Loon 52(BC, White Rock), Pacific Loon 1760(BC, Campbell River), Com. Loon 148(BC, Comox), Yellow-billed Loon 43(BC, Hecate Strait), Pied-billed Grebe26 (BC, Victoria), Horned Grebe 562(BC, White Rock), Red-necked Grebe112 (BC, Comox), Eared Grebe 5 (BC,

White Rock), W. Grebe 442 (BC,Vernon), N. Gannet 71 (NS, BrierIsland), Brandt’s Cormorant 1672 (BC,Victoria), Double-crested Cormorant846 (BC, Sooke), Great Cormorant 127(NS, Brier Island), Pelagic Cormorant406 (BC, Sidney-South Saltspring), Am.Bittern 7 (BC, Ladner), Great BlueHeron (blue form) 258 (BC, Ladner),Green Heron 2 (BC, Pitt Meadows),Black-crowned Night-Heron 6 (BC,Ladner), Turkey Vulture 17 (BC,Sooke), Bald Eagle 692 (BC, Ladner),N. Harrier 146 (BC, Ladner), Sharp-shinned Hawk 20 (ON, London),Cooper’s Hawk 50 (BC, Victoria), N.Goshawk 6 (AB, Edmonton), Red-shouldered Hawk 6 (ON, Cedar Creek),Broad-winged Hawk 1 (NS, Strait ofCanso and Lunenburg), Red-tailedHawk 201 (ON, Fisherville), Harlan’sHawk 1 (BC, Bridesville), Rough-leggedHawk 60 (ON, Linwood), Golden Eagle10 (BC, Vaseux Lake), Am. Kestrel 30(ON, St. Catharines), Merlin 20 (BC,Victoria), Gyrfalcon 4 (BC, Ladner),Peregrine Falcon 29 (BC, Ladner), PrairieFalcon 8 (AB, Nanton).

Virginia Rail 5 (BC, Ladner), Sora 1(BC, Victoria), Com. Moorhen 1 (QC,Sorel-Tracy), Am. Coot 1183 (BC,Penticton), Sandhill Crane 239 (ON,Long Point), Black-bellied Plover 1808(BC, Ladner), Killdeer 80 (BC, Ladner),Black Oystercatcher 268 (BC, SkidegateInlet), Spotted Sandpiper 3 (BC,Victoria), Greater Yellowlegs 56 (BC,Ladner), Willet 1 (BC, Ladner),Whimbrel 1 (BC, Deep Bay), Long-billed Curlew 1 (BC, White Rock),Marbled Godwit 6 (BC, White Rock),Ruddy Turnstone 17 (BC, LasquetiIsland), Black Turnstone 478 (BC,Skidegate Inlet), Surfbird 141 (BC,Nanaimo), Sanderling 240 (BC, RoseSpit), W. Sandpiper 10 (BC, Ladner),

Summary of Highest Counts of Individuals for CanadaRichard J. Cannings

705 Sunglo Drive, Penticton, BC, V2A 8X7; dickcannings@shaw.ca

108 AMERICAN BIRDS

Least Sandpiper 5 (BC, Powell River),Purple Sandpiper 179 (NL, Cape Race),Rock Sandpiper 6 (BC, SunshineCoast), Dunlin 32,477 (BC, Ladner),Long-billed Dowitcher 46 (BC,Ladner), Jack Snipe 1 (BC, GreaterMasset), Wilson’s Snipe 14 (BC, Victoria),Am. Woodcock 4 (ON, Long Point), RedPhalarope 2 (BC, Rose Spit), Little Gull3 (ON, Niagara Falls), Black-headedGull 44 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth),Bonaparte’s Gull 8304 (ON, NiagaraFalls), Mew Gull 2232 (BC, Parksville-Qualicum Beach), Ring-billed Gull4550 (ON, Point Pelee), California Gull321 (BC, Kelowna), Herring Gull 6218(NL, St. John’s), Thayer’s Gull 1510 (BC,Powell River), Iceland Gull 3004 (NL,Corner Brook), Kumlien’s Gull 3611(NL, St. John’s), Lesser Black-backedGull 16 (NL, St. John’s), W. Gull 40(BC, Ladner), Glaucous-winged Gull40,594 (BC, Ladner), Glaucous Gull 484(NL, St. John’s), Great Black-backed Gull4046 (NL, St. John’s), Black-leggedKittiwake 630 (NB, Grand MananIsland), Pomarine Jaeger 1 (NS, BrierIsland), Dovekie 11 (NS, Louisbourg),Com. Murre 2369 (BC, Rose Spit),Thick-billed Murre 6 (NL, Cape Race),Razorbill 25 (NB, Grand MananIsland), Black Guillemot 120 (NS,Louisbourg), Pigeon Guillemot 192(BC, Victoria), Marbled Murrelet 92(BC, Sunshine Coast), Ancient Murrelet1424 (BC, Little River-Powell RiverFerry), Cassin’s Auklet 2 (BC, HecateStrait), Rhinoceros Auklet 10 (BC,Prince Rupert), Atlantic Puffin 1 (NL,Cape Race and St. John’s).

Rock Pigeon 5579 (ON, Toronto),Band-tailed Pigeon 25 (BC, PenderIslands), Eur. Collared-Dove 116 (SK,Swift Current), White-winged Dove 2(NS, Cape Sable Island), MourningDove 2180 (ON, Hamilton), Barn Owl17 (BC, Ladner), W. Screech-Owl 1(BC, Apex-Hedley, Comox, CortesIsland, Duncan, and Oliver-Osoyoos),E. Screech-Owl 72 (ON, West Elgin),Great Horned Owl 57 (ON, Blenheim),

Snowy Owl 8 (ON, Kingston), N. HawkOwl 8 (AB, Slave Lake), N. Pygmy-Owl7 (BC, Lillooet), Barred Owl 14 (ON,Presqu’ile P.P.), Great Gray Owl 3 (ON,Hearst), Long-eared Owl 10 (ON, Peel-Halton Counties), Short-eared Owl 15(BC, Ladner), Boreal Owl 1 (ON, AmherstIsland; AB, Snake’s Head; NS, Halifax-Dartmouth; ON, Hearst), N. Saw-whetOwl 6 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth), Anna’sHummingbird 556 (BC, Victoria),Rufous Hummingbird 1 (BC, Nanaimo,Skidegate Inlet, and Victoria), BeltedKingfisher 31 (BC, Pender Islands), Lewis’sWoodpecker 1 (BC, Penticton), Red-headed Woodpecker 4 (ON, Blenheim),Red-bellied Woodpecker 81 (ON, St.Thomas), Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 3(ON, London), Red-breasted Sapsucker12 (BC, Nanaimo), Downy Woodpecker352 (AB, Edmonton), Hairy Woodpecker123 (ON, Toronto), Am. Three-toedWoodpecker 14 (AB, Sheep River),Black-backed Woodpecker 4 (NS, SheetHarbour), N. (Red-shafted) Flicker 599(BC, Victoria), N. (Yellow-shafted)Flicker 42 (NL, St. John’s), PileatedWoodpecker 52 (AB, Edmonton).

Say’s Phoebe 1 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoosand Creston Valley), N. Shrike 14 (BC,Ladner), Hutton’s Vireo 8 (BC,Vancouver), Gray Jay 89 (AB, CochraneWildlife Reserve), Steller’s Jay 299 (BC,Chilliwack), Blue Jay 1470 (NS,Wolfville), W. Scrub-Jay 1 (BC, PittMeadows and Sunshine Coast), Clark’sNutcracker 103 (BC, Princeton), Black-billed Magpie 2144 (AB, Edmonton),Am. Crow 75,650 (ON, St. ClairN.W.A.), Northwestern Crow 35,365(BC, Vancouver), Com. Raven 2091(NT, Yellowknife), Sky Lark 8 (BC,Victoria), Horned Lark 1104 (ON,Blenheim), Black-capped Chickadee4683 (AB, Edmonton), MountainChickadee 371 (BC, Bridesville),Chestnut-backed Chickadee 1938 (BC,Victoria), Boreal Chickadee 147 (AB,Snake’s Head), Tufted Titmouse 29 (ON,Wallaceburg), Bushtit 1322 (BC,Victoria), Red-breasted Nuthatch 835

(AB, Edmonton), White-breastedNuthatch 476 (MB, Winnipeg), PygmyNuthatch 242 (BC, Kelowna), BrownCreeper 124 (BC, Victoria), Rock Wren1 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos), Canyon Wren16 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos), CarolinaWren 52 (ON, Hamilton), Bewick’s Wren269 (BC, Victoria), House Wren 1 (ON,Blenheim), Winter Wren 327 (BC,Victoria), Marsh Wren 42 (BC, Ladner),Am. Dipper 65 (BC, Lillooet), Golden-crowned Kinglet 1290 (BC, Victoria),Ruby-crowned Kinglet 165 (BC, Victoria).

E. Bluebird 74 (ON, St. Thomas), W.Bluebird 81 (BC, Penticton), MountainBluebird 1 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos),Townsend’s Solitaire 69 (BC, Lillooet),Hermit Thrush 44 (ON, Point Pelee),Am. Robin 6185 (BC, Victoria), VariedThrush 349 (BC, Nanaimo), GrayCatbird 4 (ON, Point Pelee), N.Mockingbird 58 (ON, St. Catharines),Brown Thrasher 1 (MB, Winnipeg; NS,Pictou Harbour; ON, Blenheim, Dryden,Dunrobin-Breckenridge, Holiday Beach,Lanark Highlands, Oshawa, Point Pelee,and Sault Ste. Marie), Eur. Starling33,470 (ON, Niagara Falls), Am. Pipit89 (BC, Victoria), Bohemian Waxwing15,247 (AB, Calgary), Cedar Waxwing443 (ON, Hamilton), Orange-crownedWarbler 3 (NS, Cape Sable Island),Yellow-rumped (Audubon’s) Warbler 13(BC, Penticton), Yellow-rumped (Myrtle)Warbler 105 (NS, Cape Sable Island),Townsend’s Warbler 5 (BC, Sooke), PineWarbler 4 (NS, Pictou Harbour), PalmWarbler 1 (NS, Cape Sable Island), N.Waterthrush 1 (ON, Blenheim), Com.Yellowthroat 2 (ON, Blenheim andLong Point), Yellow-breasted Chat 4(NS, Halifax-Dartmouth).

Summer Tanager 1 (QC, Lennoxville),Green-tailed Towhee 1 (AB, Jasper),Spotted Towhee 1099 (BC, Victoria), E.Towhee 3 (ON, Cedar Creek), Am. TreeSparrow 841 (ON, Cambridge),Chipping Sparrow 18 (NS, Yarmouth),Clay-colored Sparrow 1 (NL, St. John’s;NS, White Point), Field Sparrow 24(ON, Port Burwell-Vienna), Savannah

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 109

Sparrow 71 (BC, Ladner), Savannah(Ipswich) Sparrow 1 (NS, Broad Coveand Halifax-Dartmouth), GrasshopperSparrow 1 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth),Fox Sparrow 667 (BC, Victoria), (Red)Fox Sparrow 1 (ON, Marathon), SongSparrow 1273 (BC, Vancouver),Lincoln’s Sparrow 85 (BC, Victoria),Swamp Sparrow 90 (ON, Blenheim),White-throated Sparrow 122 (NS,Wolfville), Harris’s Sparrow 4 (AB,Calgary), White-crowned Sparrow 527(BC, Ladner), Golden-crowned Sparrow1306 (BC, Victoria), Dark-eyed(Oregon) Junco 5375 (BC, Victoria),Dark-eyed (Slate-colored) Junco 1328(ON, Port Hope-Cobourg), LaplandLongspur 60 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth),Rustic Bunting 1 (SK, Creighton),Snow Bunting 5926 (ON, Ingersoll), N.Cardinal 747 (ON, London), Rose-breasted Grosbeak 1 (ON, Presqu’ileP.P.), Dickcissel 1 (NL, Ferryland; NS,The Sydneys and Halifax-Dartmouth).

Red-winged Blackbird 10,278 (ON,Long Point), E. Meadowlark 1 (ON,

Long Point, Presqu’ile P.P., Kingston,Sutton (ND), Antigonish, and GlaceBay), W. Meadowlark 189 (BC,Ladner), Yellow-headed Blackbird 1(BC, Abbotsford-Mission and Kelowna),Rusty Blackbird 81 (ON, Blenheim),Brewer’s Blackbird 975 (BC, Ladner),Com. Grackle 828 (ON, West Elgin),Brown-headed Cowbird 4150 (ON,Blenheim), Baltimore Oriole 7 (NS,Halifax-Dartmouth), Gray-crownedRosy-Finch 230 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos),Pine Grosbeak 425 (ON, Dryden),Purple Finch 227 (BC, Galiano-NorthSaltspring), Cassin’s Finch 35 (BC,Ashcroft-Cache Creek), House Finch1578 (BC, Penticton), Red Crossbill1600 (BC, Victoria), White-wingedCrossbill 351 (AB, Calgary), Com.Redpoll 1167 (BC, Bridesville), HoaryRedpoll 62 (NT, Fort Simpson), PineSiskin 2715 (BC, Victoria), Am.Goldfinch 1543 (NS, Wolfville),Evening Grosbeak 525 (ON, Nipigon-Red Rock), House Sparrow 6533 (MB,Winnipeg).

The Hecate Strait, BC, count—the ferrytrip from Prince Rupert to Haida Gwaii—smashed the 35-year-old all-time NorthAmerican high for Yellow-billed Loonswith a remarkable total of 43 seen,eclipsing the previous high of 32 seen atCordova, AK. Photo/Ralph Hocken

Canada’s introduced Mute Swanpopulation continues to thrive on parts ofthe Great Lakes and on the BC coast;this year the Presqu’ile P.P., ON, countset a new Canadian high of 445.Photo/Ralph Hocken

ornithologists and ornithological associa-tions. It is also due to an active campaignby the RNOA and to the laborious workof the SCO in compiling and reportingthe results of Colombia’s counts toAudubon.

This significant increase in the numberof CBCs in Colombia represents an enor-mous educational and research potentialfor bird conservation. Several associationshave reported that census results are valu-able to document birdlife in biologicallyimportant areas such as national parksand nature reserves. Other associationshave used the CBC as an educationalactivity to promote interest in birds andconservation, while some associationshave used CBC results to monitor tem-poral changes in their local avifauna.Outstandingly, the coordinators of theSabana de Bogotá circle have accumulat-ed more than two decades of informationon the avifauna in the high-altitudeplateau around Bogotá. CBC data are

being analyzed to examine changes in theregional avifauna, and helped enable thecreation of the Field Guide to the Birds ofthe Sabana de Bogotá.

The growing interest in the CBC alsorepresents a challenge for the Colombianornithological community. Effort shouldnot only be maintained, but improvedannually. The RNOA must continue itscampaign promoting the involvement ofobservers and ornithological associations,and provide them with all necessaryinformation. There is a need to involvemore participants and to ensure the sameareas are counted yearly even as new cir-cles are added. Coverage should beimproved in existing circles, especiallythose with few nearby counts. Also, it isimperative that the CBC coordinatingassociation compiles and reports results toAudubon every year in a timely manner.

This season, the number of counts inColombia was more than three times thatof the rest of South America. But the

value of this significant effort in citizenscience will only be realized if it is main-tained and becomes a tradition in thecountry. With so many environmentalalterations likely due to global climatechange, the value of historical records forthe most bird-rich country in the world isenormous. The Colombian ornithologi-cal community must meet this challenge.

As the Colombian coordinating asso-ciation for the CBC, the SCO wouldlike to thank Geoff LeBaron for his sup-port, his encouragement, and his help inreporting the results during the last threeyears. The authors would also like toacknowledge the contributions made byUte Teske who was in charge of coordi-nating activities, to Andrés López whoverified geographic coordinates and pro-duced circle distribution maps, to TereJaramillo as the logistic coordinator inour region, and to all the individuals andassociations that actively participate inthe CBC in Colombia.

Colombia: An Andean CBC Experience continued from page 24

Birders reported 654 species and 42infraspecific forms during the 110thChristmas Bird Count. The Bare-throated Tiger-Heron created greatexcitement in the Lower Rio GrandeValley during the fall as the first NorthAmerican record, and the species lin-gered for the Anzalduas-Bentsen (TX)CBC. Birders continue to show theirabilities to find single individuals ofspecies lurking in their favorite birdingareas. This season 55 species/forms wererepresented by one bird, and 24 percentof the species by 10 or fewer.

All-time highs were reported for 36species/infraspecific forms, which is lowerthan normal. Most high counts were forrelatively recent records. There were onlythree new records that surpassed recordsof at least 15 years. The oldest record tocrash stood for 41 years before the highertally of 959 Acorn Woodpeckers wasreported at Santa Barbara, CA. The newrecord for Nuttall’s Woodpecker at PutahCreek, CA, had stood for 15 years.Houston’s (TX) new record for LaughingGulls more than doubled the previousrecord 15 years earlier.

At least one national high wasobtained by 42 states and 308 CBCs.Atascosa Highlands, AZ, led the nationfor the first time with highest tallies for17 species and one infraspecific form.Weslaco, TX, was second for nationalhighs with 15 species. The eight-yearfirst-place run in Matagorda County-Mad Island Marsh, TX, ended with aheavy fog day that had less than onehour of clear conditions. TXMM fin-ished with high tallies for 13 species.San Diego, CA, had 12 species and oneform; Anzalduas-Bentsen, TX, 12species; Coot Bay, FL, 11 species andtwo forms; Laysan Island, HI, 11species; Kaua’i: Kapa’a, HI, 10 speciesand one form; Point Reyes Peninsula,CA, 10 species; and Kaua’i: Waimeaand Midway Atoll, HI, 9 species. Allother CBCs had 8 or fewer.

California was number one again with137 species and six infraspecific forms.

Texas regained its normal second placewith 109 species and three forms.Florida had high tallies for 80 speciesand two forms; Hawaii 68 species andtwo forms; Arizona 64 species and fourforms; Alaska 31 species; Louisiana 21species; Massachusetts 17 species andone form; Washington 14 species andone form; and Oregon 13 species withtwo forms.

Only counts for resident species,infraspecific forms, and exotics that donot have editorial comments question-ing the validity of the results wereaccepted for this report. High counts forexotics without know established popu-lations will be displayed but will not beadded to results for the CBC or state. IfI make a mistake, please let me knowand I will include corrections next yearat the end of the column.

Black-bellied Whistling-Duck 5055(TX, Weslaco), Fulvous Whistling-Duck2100 (FL, STA5-Clewiston), EgyptianGoose 21 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale),Swan Goose 8 ex (FL, Kendall Area),Pink-footed Goose CW (NY, L.I.:Smithtown; PA, Lehigh Valley), GreaterWhite-fronted Goose 49,926 (KS,Quivira N.W.R.), Greylag Goose 6 ex(FL, Sarasota), Emperor Goose 1368(AK, Unalaska Island), Snow Goose230,000 (DE, Bombay Hook N.W.R.),Snow (white form) Goose 58,175 (AR,Wapanocca N.W.R.), Snow (blue form)Goose 20,100 (AR, Wapanocca N.W.R.),Ross’s Goose 18,020 (CA, MercedN.W.R.), Ross’s (blue form) Goose 1(AR, Pine Bluff; CO, Rocky Ford), Brant(hrota) 32,847 (NY, L.I.: SouthernNassau Co.), Brant (nigricans) 7701 (CA,Centerville Beach to King Salmon),Barnacle Goose 1 (NY, Rockland Co.),Cackling Goose 44,461 (TX, LubbockCo.), Canada Goose 41,418 (MD, St.Michaels), Hawaiian Goose 261 (HI,Kaua’i: Kapa’a), Mute Swan 942 (MI,Anchor Bay), Black Swan 2 ex (CA, OrangeCo. [coastal]), Trumpeter Swan 2791(WA, Skagit Bay), Tundra Swan 20,231 (CA,Stockton), Bewick’s Swan 1 (CA, Bishop).

Muscovy Duck 415 (FL, Naples),Wood Duck 460 (NC, Pee DeeN.W.R.), Mandarin Duck 6 ex (CA,Sonoma Valley), Gadwall 15,981 (CA,Peace Valley), Eur. Wigeon 35 (CA,Peace Valley), Am. Wigeon 64,769 (CA,Peace Valley), Am. Black Duck 7999(NJ, Oceanville), Mallard 84,720 (MO,Horton-Four Rivers), Mallard (MexicanDuck) 67 (TX, El Paso), Mottled Duck536 (SC, Ace Basin), Hawaiian Duck288 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a), Laysan Duck367 (HI, Laysan Island), Blue-wingedTeal 2200 (FL, STA5-Clewiston),Cinnamon Teal 1583 (CA, Sacramento),N. Shoveler 47,532 (CA, Peace Valley),N. Pintail 52,095 (CA, Marysville),Green-winged (Am.) Teal 31,958 (NC,Mattamuskeet N.W.R.), Green-winged(Eur.) Teal 2 (WA, Everett).

Canvasback 66,500 (MI, Anchor Bay),Redhead 37,813 (TX, Port Aransas),Ring-necked Duck 29,066 (LA,Catahoula N.W.R.), Tufted Duck 1(AK, Unalaska Island; CA, Oakland andPoint Reyes Pen.), Greater Scaup 20,095(NY, L.I.: N. Nassau Co.), Lesser Scaup22,784 (LA, New Orleans), Steller’sEider 1043 (AK, Narrow Cape-KalsinBay), King Eider 42 (AK, Narrow Cape-Kalsin Bay), Com. Eider 22,100 (MA,Tuckernuck Islands), Harlequin Duck1136 (AK, Unalaska Island), Surf Scoter8885 (CA, Point Reyes Pen.), White-winged Scoter 2352 (MI, Manistee),Black Scoter 3498 (GA, St. CatherinesIsland), Long-tailed Duck 21,260 (MI,Muskegon), Bufflehead 8822 (CA, PointReyes Pen.), Com. Goldeneye 9226 (IA,Keokuk), Barrow’s Goldeneye 901 (AK,Wrangell Island), Hooded Merganser1479 (SC, Winyah Bay), Com.Merganser 6000 (OK, Salt PlainsN.W.R.), Red-breasted Merganser35,677 (OH, Lakewood), Ruddy Duck28,391 (CA, Los Baños).

Plain Chachalaca 99 (TX, Weslaco),Chukar 35 (OR, Hart Mountain), GrayFrancolin 17 (HI, O’ahu: Waipi’o),Black Francolin 4 (HI, Moloka’i:Kualapu’u), Erckel’s Francolin 15 (HI,

110 AMERICAN BIRDS

Summary of Highest Counts of Individuals for the United StatesBrent Ortego

2805 North Navarro, Suite 600B, Victoria, TX 77901; brent.ortego@tpwd.state.tx.us

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 111

Kaua’i: Waimea), Gray Partridge 176(MT, Bozeman), Red Junglefowl 149(HI, Kaua’i: Waimea), Kalij Pheasant 7(HI, Hawai’i: North Kona), Ring-necked Pheasant 576 (SD, Huron),Com. Peafowl 39 ex (CA, Orange Co.[NE]), Ruffed Grouse 34 (PA,Emporium), Greater Sage-Grouse 383(WY, Evanston), Gunnison Sage-Grouse1 (CO, Gunnison), Spruce Grouse 4(AK, Kenny Lake; VT, Island Pond),Willow Ptarmigan 220 (AK, EagleRiver), Rock Ptarmigan 2 (AK,Ketchikan), Dusky Grouse 3 (CO, RockyMountain N.P.), Sooty Grouse 1 (OR,Brownsville and Oakridge), Sharp-tailedGrouse 460 (ND, Arrowwood N.W.R.),Greater Prairie-Chicken 219 (NE,Calamus-Loup), Greater (Attwater’s)Prairie-Chicken 27 (TX, AttwaterPrairie Chicken N.W.R.), Wild Turkey774 (TX, Quanah), Mountain Quail 24(CA, Yreka), Scaled Quail 134 (CO,Pueblo Reservoir), California Quail 1701(CA, Caswell-Westley), Gambel’s Quail2455 (AZ, Carefree), N. Bobwhite 109(TX, White River), Montezuma Quail73 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands).

Red-throated Loon 1751 (CA, SanFrancisco), Pacific Loon 774 (CA, MossLanding), Com. Loon 832 (NC,Wilmington), Yellow-billed Loon 3 (AK,Cordova), Least Grebe 95 (TX,Weslaco), Pied-billed Grebe 1693 (AL,Guntersville), Horned Grebe 812 (AL,Guntersville), Red-necked Grebe 431(WA, Port Angeles), Eared Grebe 4850(CA, Salton Sea [north]), W. Grebe7975 (CA, Elsinore), Clark’s Grebe 2025(CA, Elsinore), Laysan Albatross779,124 (HI, Midway Atoll), Black-footed Albatross 43,174 (HI, MidwayAtoll), Short-tailed Albatross 2 (HI,Midway Atoll), N. Fulmar 35 (CA,Monterey Pen.), Bonin Petrel 5001 (HI,Midway Atoll), Pink-footed Shearwater5 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]), Wedge-tailed Shearwater 12 (HI, LaysanIsland), Sooty Shearwater 2 (CA, SantaMaria-Guadalupe), Short-tailed Shearwater1 (CA, Arcata), Manx Shearwater 3(NC, Cape Hatteras), Black-ventedShearwater 10,233 (CA, ThousandOaks), Tristram’s Storm-Petrel 2 (HI,Laysan Island).

White-tailed Tropicbird 2 (HI, Kaua’i:Kapa’a), Red-tailed Tropicbird 7 (HI,Midway Atoll), Masked Booby 35 (FL,Dry Tortugas N. P.), Brown Booby 121(FL, Dry Tortugas N. P.), Red-footedBooby 509 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a), N.Gannet 5949 (MA, Truro), Am. WhitePelican 7600 (FL, Lakeland), BrownPelican 1952 (OR, Tillamook Bay),Brandt’s Cormorant 4757 (CA, SanDiego), Neotropic Cormorant 716 (TX,Sea Rim S.P.), Double-crested Cormorant14,409 (CA, Salton Sea [south]), GreatCormorant 155 (MA, Quincy), Red-faced Cormorant 10 (AK, Kodiak),Pelagic Cormorant 454 (AK, Kodiak),Anhinga 630 (FL, Zellwood-MountDora), Magnificent Frigatebird 200 (FL,Dry Tortugas N. P,), Great Frigatebird242 (HI, Midway Atoll

Am. Bittern 69 (FL, Zellwood-MountDora), Least Bittern 12 (AZ, Phoenix-Tres Rios), Bare-throated Tiger-Heron1 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen), Great Blue(Blue form) Heron 589 CA, Salton Sea[north]), Great Blue (White form)Heron 220 (FL, Coot Bay-EvergladesN.P.), Great Blue (Wurdemann’s) Heron10 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P.),Great Egret 1500 (FL, Cocoa), SnowyEgret 2200 (FL, Cocoa), Little BlueHeron 940 (FL, Coot Bay-EvergladesN.P.), Tricolored Heron 686 (GA,Harris Neck N.W.R.), Reddish Egret321 (TX, Coastal Tip), Cattle Egret 1440(FL, Lakeland), Green Heron 91 (FL,Zellwood-Mount Dora), Black-crownedNight-Heron 1936 (CA, Sacramento),Yellow-crowned Night-Heron 117 (TX,Coastal Tip), White Ibis 12,601 (LA,Crowley), Glossy Ibis 2800 (FL, STA5-Clewiston), White-faced Ibis 31,163(LA, Lacassine N.W.R.-Thornwell),Roseate Spoonbill 425 (TX, MatagordaCo.-Mad Island Marsh), Wood Stork1500 (FL, Lakeland), Black Vulture2250 (FL, Fort Pierce), Turkey Vulture9700 (FL, Lakeland), California Condor12 (CA, Pinnacles N.M.).

Osprey 350(FL, Cocoa), Hook-billedKite 2 (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R.), White-tailed Kite 150 (CA, Benicia), Snail Kite45 (FL, STA5-Clewiston), Bald Eagle889 (AK, Kodiak), N. Harrier 220 (CA,Benicia), Sharp-shinned Hawk 26 (CA,

Point Reyes Pen.), Cooper’s Hawk 66(AZ, Tucson Valley), N. Goshawk 7(AK, Kodiak), Com. Black-Hawk 1(CA, Santa Rosa; TX, Falcon Dam andS.P.), Harris’s Hawk 75 (TX, La SalVieja), Red-shouldered Hawk 175 (FL,Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary), Broad-winged Hawk 17 (LA, Venice), GrayHawk 11 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen),Short-tailed Hawk 7 (FL, Kendall Area),Swainson’s Hawk 3 (LA, Venice),White-tailed Hawk 54 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen), Zone-tailed Hawk 2 (TX,Anzalduas-Bentsen and Del Rio),Hawaiian Hawk 9 (HI, Hawai’i: NorthKona), Red-tailed Hawk 409 (CA,Lincoln), Red-tailed (Harlan’s) Hawk 12(MT, Ninepipe N.W.R.), Red-tailed(Krider’s) Hawk 1 (KS, Baldwin; LA,Creole; MO, Kansas City; OK, OklahomaCity; TN, Fayette Co.; TX, AttwaterPrairie Chicken N.W.R. and Crawford),Ferruginous Hawk 22 (CA, TejonRanch), Rough-legged Hawk 164 (ID,Howe), Golden Eagle 33 (WY, Casper),Crested Caracara 175 (TX, La Sal Vieja),Am. Kestrel 210 (CA, Point Reyes Pen.),Merlin 16 (TX, Matagorda Co.-MadIsland Marsh; WA, Bellingham),Aplomado Falcon 1 (TX, AransasN.W.R., Laguna Atascosa N.W.R., andMatagorda Co.-Mad Island Marsh),Gyrfalcon 2 (SD, Spearfish), PeregrineFalcon 23 (CA, Point Reyes Pen.; NY,L.I.: Southern Nassau Co.), PrairieFalcon 13 (ID, Howe).

Yellow Rail 8 (TX, San BernardN.W.R.), Black Rail 13 (CA, Benicia),Clapper Rail 185 (FL, St. Augustine),Clapper (Yuma) Rail 8 (AZ, HavasuN.W.R.), King Rail 74 (LA, SabineN.W.R.), Virginia Rail 244 (CA,Benicia), Sora 300 (FL, Zellwood-Mount Dora), Purple Swamphen 40 ex(FL, STA5-Clewiston), Purple Gallinule67 (FL, Lakeland), Com. Moorhen2700 (FL, STA5-Clewiston), HawaiianMoorhen 326 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a),Hawaiian Coot 312 (HI, Kaua’i:Kapa’a), Am. Coot 36,399 (CA, LosBaños), Limpkin 70 (FL, West PalmBeach), Sandhill Crane 73,000 (TX,Muleshoe N.W.R.), Com. Crane 1 ex(NJ, Cumberland Co.), WhoopingCrane 67 (TX, Aransas N.W.R.).

112 AMERICAN BIRDS

Black-bellied Plover 8640 (CA,Hayward-Fremont), Pacific Golden-Plover 1933 (HI, Laysan Island), SnowyPlover 299 (CA, San Diego), Wilson’sPlover 55 (FL, North Pinellas),Semipalmated Plover 2476 (SC, HiltonHead Island), Piping Plover 86 (TX,Corpus Christi [Flour Bluff ]), Killdeer6441 (MS, Eagle Lake), MountainPlover 202 (CA, Salton Sea [south]),Am. Oystercatcher 950 (FL, CedarKey), Black Oystercatcher 627 (AK,Kodiak), Black-necked Stilt 1261 (CA,Long Beach-el Dorado), Black-necked(Hawaiian) Stilt 264 (HI, O’ahu:Waipi’o), Am. Avocet 4420 (CA,Hayward-Fremont), N. Jacana 1 (TX,Choke Canyon), Spotted Sandpiper 58(TX, Matagorda Co.-Mad IslandMarsh), Solitary Sandpiper 3 (TX,Guadalupe River Delta-McFaddin FamilyRanches and Weslaco), WanderingTattler 48 (HI, Laysan Island), GreaterYellowlegs 334 (TX, Freeport), Willet3753 (CA, Hayward-Fremont), LesserYellowlegs 466 (FL, STA5-Clewiston),Whimbrel 155 (CA, W. Sonoma Co.),Bristle-thighed Curlew 51 (HI, LaysanIsland), Long-billed Curlew 2205 (CA,Salton Sea [south]), Bar-tailed Godwit 1(CA, Orange Co. [coastal]), MarbledGodwit 3541 (CA, Hayward-Fremont),Ruddy Turnstone 2663 (HI, LaysanIsland), Black Turnstone 342 (CA,Monterey Pen.), Surfbird 153 (OR,Coquille Valley), Red Knot 501 (NC,Portsmouth Island), Sanderling 2605(WA, Grays Harbor), SemipalmatedSandpiper 4 (FL, Key Largo-PlantationKey), W. Sandpiper 15,733 (CA,Hayward-Fremont), Least Sandpiper11,909 (CA, Moss Landing), Baird’sSandpiper 1 (OR, Columbia Estuary),Pectoral Sandpiper 1 (OK, Sequoyah),Purple Sandpiper 376 (ME, Biddeford-Kennebunkport), Rock Sandpiper 1015(AK, Homer), Dunlin 29,393 (WA,Skagit Bay), Stilt Sandpiper 114 (TX,Santa Ana N.W.R.), Short-billedDowitcher 4450 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P.), Long-billed Dowitcher13,776 (LA, Lacassine N.W.R.-Thornwell), Wilson’s Snipe 649 (CA,Rio Cosumnes), Am. Woodcock 80 (NJ,Cape May), Wilson’s Phalarope 5 (TX,

Corpus Christi), Red-necked Phalarope1 (HI, Laysan Island), Red Phalarope 13(OR, Port Orford).

Laughing Gull 251,000 (TX,Houston), Franklin’s Gull 23 (OK,Tulsa), Little Gull 3 (MA, Nantucket),Black-headed Gull 3 (DE, CapeHenlopen-Prime Hook), Bonaparte’sGull 3363 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]),Heermann’s Gull 1181 (CA, SantaBarbara), Mew Gull 6228 (OR, CoosBay), Ring-billed Gull 100,000 (TX,Houston), California Gull 9010 (CA,Salton Sea [north]), Herring Gull30,104 (DE, Wilmington), Thayer’sGull 393 (WA, Port Angeles), IcelandGull 123 (ME, Eastport), Kumlien’sGull 4 (ME, Monhegan Island), LesserBlack-backed Gull 190 (MA,Nantucket), Slaty-backed Gull 1 (AK,Unalaska Island; WA, Sequim-Dungeness), Yellow-footed Gull 2 (CA,Salton Sea [south]), W. Gull 4530 (CA,San Francisco), Glaucous-winged Gull3048 (WA, Bellingham), Glaucous Gull9 (NY, Massena-Cornwall), GreatBlack-backed Gull 3097 (DE,Wilmington), Black-legged Kittiwake369 (MA, Truro).

Brown Noddy 166 (HI, MidwayAtoll), Black Noddy 441 (HI, LaysanIsland), White Tern 90 (HI, MidwayAtoll), Sooty Tern 100 (FL, DryTortugas N. P.), Gray-backed Tern 3(HI, Laysan Island), Least Tern 8 (TX,Comstock), Gull-billed Tern 67 (LA,Crowley), Caspian Tern 121 (TX,Coastal Tip), Com. Tern 16 (TX,Galveston), Forster’s Tern 1300 (FL, St.Augustine), Royal Tern 1000 (FL, St.Augustine), Sandwich Tern 1300 (FL,Key West), Black Skimmer 3070 (FL,Jacksonville), Pomarine Jaeger 3 (CA,Santa Barbara; FL, Biscayne N.P.),Parasitic Jaeger 5 (CA, Santa Barbara;NC, Kitty Hawk), jaeger sp. 6 (NC,Kitty Hawk), Dovekie 8 (MA,Tuckernuck Islands), Com. Murre 5801(OR, Coos Bay), Thick-billed Murre 20(MA, Stellwagen Bank National MarineSanctuary), Razorbill 4944 (MA, Truro),Black Guillemot 53 (ME, SchoodicPoint), Pigeon Guillemot 473 (WA,Sequim-Dungeness), Marbled Murrelet274 (AK, Mitkof Island), Xantus’s

Murrelet 3 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]),Ancient Murrelet 185 (WA, Sequim-Dungeness), Cassin’s Auklet 322 (CA,Rancho Santa Fe), Whiskered Auklet 5(AK, Unalaska Island), Crested Auklet60 (AK, Unalaska Island), RhinocerosAuklet 195 (CA, Santa Cruz Co.),Atlantic Puffin 2 (MA, Truro), TuftedPuffin 1 (CA, Moss Landing

Rock Pigeon 5583 (TX, LubbockCo.), White-crowned Pigeon 16 (FL,Coot Bay-Everglades N.P.), Band-tailedPigeon 1497 (CA, San BernardinoValley), Ringed Turtle-Dove 10 ex (CA,Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad), Eur.Collared-Dove 1189 (AZ, Gila River),Spotted Dove 356 (HI, O’ahu:Waipi’o), Zebra Dove 1021 (HI, O’ahu:Waipi’o), White-winged Dove 9849(NM, Las Cruces), Mourning Dove7190 (AZ, Phoenix-Tres Rios), IncaDove 249 (TX, Weslaco), Com.Ground-Dove 155 (TX, La Sal Vieja),Ruddy Ground-Dove 4 (AZ, GilaRiver), White-tipped Dove 47 (TX,Weslaco), Budgerigar 36 (FL, Aripeka-Bayport), Rose-ringed Parakeet 1129(CA, Bakersfield), Monk Parakeet 246(TX, Austin), Green Parakeet 190 (TX,Brownsville), Red-masked Parakeet 170ex (CA, San Francisco), Crimson-front-ed Parakeet 1 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale),Mitred Parakeet 680 ex (CA, Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley), Blue-crownedParakeet 105 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale),White-eyed Parakeet 139 ex (FL, DadeCo.), Black-hooded Parakeet 300 (FL,St. Petersburg), Chestnut-frontedMacaw 4 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale),Blue-and-yellow Macaw 14 ex (FL,Kendall Area), Yellow-chevronedParakeet 127 (CA, Los Angeles), White-fronted Parrot 2 ex (CA, Orange Co.[coastal]), Red-crowned Parrot 1494(CA, Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley),Lilac-crowned Parrot 36 ex (CA,Malibu), Red-lored Parrot 22 ex (CA,Orange Co. [coastal]), Yellow-headedParrot 5 ex (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]and Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley), Blue-fronted Parrot 8 ex (CA, Orange Co.[coastal]), Yellow-billed Cuckoo 1 (TX,Freeport), Greater Roadrunner 40 (AZ,Gila River), Groove-billed Ani 8 (TX,Harlingen).

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 113

Barn Owl 64 (TX, Matagorda Co.-Mad Island Marsh), W. Screech-Owl 61(CA, Santa Cruz Co.), E. Screech-Owl74 (TX, Lake O’ the Pines), WhiskeredScreech-Owl 6 (AZ, Patagonia), GreatHorned Owl 72 (CA, Malibu), SnowyOwl 4 (ND, Grand Forks-East GrandForks), N. Hawk Owl 2 (AK,Matanuska Valley; MN, Isabella), N.Pygmy-Owl 15 (CA, Año Nuevo),Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl 1 (TX, La SalVieja), Burrowing Owl 216 (FL, FortMyers), Spotted Owl 6 (CA, Point ReyesPen.), Barred Owl 64 (TX, MatagordaCo.-Mad Island Marsh), Great GrayOwl 5 (MN, Isabella), Long-eared Owl28 (CO, Bonny Reservoir), Short-earedOwl 68 (IN, Goose Pond), Boreal Owl1 (AK, Tok), N. Saw-whet Owl 44 (CA,Santa Cruz Co.); Lesser Nighthawk 10(FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P.), Com.Nighthawk 1 (TX, Guadalupe RiverDelta-McFaddin Family Ranches),Com. Pauraque 11 (TX, Choke Canyon),Com. Poorwill 3 (TX, ChaparralW.M.A.), Chuck-will’s-widow 3 (LA,Venice), Whip-poor-will 5 (FL, LongPine Key), Mariana Swiftlet 3 (HI,O’ahu: Honolulu), White-throatedSwift 494 (NM, Las Cruces), Broad-billed Hummingbird 24 (AZ, SantaCatalina Mountains), Buff-belliedHummingbird 38 (TX, Victoria),Violet-crowned Hummingbird 3 (AZ,Ramsey Canyon), Blue-throatedHummingbird 17 (AZ, Portal),Magnificent Hummingbird 5 (AZ,Green Valley-Madera Canyon), Ruby-throated Hummingbird 34 (FL, KendallArea), Black-chinned Hummingbird 13(TX, Freeport), Anna’s Hummingbird1131 (CA, San Diego), Costa’sHummingbird 115 (CA, Anza-BorregoDesert), Calliope Hummingbird 2 (TX,Victoria), Broad-tailed Hummingbird 1(AZ, Ramsey Canyon; CA, SantaBarbara; FL, Choctawhatchee Bay; NM,Las Cruces; TX, Davis Mountains andPort Aransas), Rufous Hummingbird 14(LA, Lafayette), Allen’s Hummingbird450 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]), ElegantTrogon 1 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands,Green Valley-Madera Canyon, Nogales,and Ramsey Canyon), RingedKingfisher 24 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen),

Belted Kingfisher 102 (SC, Ace Basin),Green Kingfisher 29 (TX, Weslaco).

Lewis’s Woodpecker 88 (CA, AndersonRiver Park), Red-headed Woodpecker230 (MO, Horton-Four Rivers), AcornWoodpecker 969 (CA, Santa Barbara),Gila Woodpecker 449 (AZ, TucsonValley), Golden-fronted Woodpecker377 (TX, Weslaco), Red-belliedWoodpecker 517 (OH, Millersburg),Williamson’s Sapsucker 7 (NM, SandiaMountains), Yellow-bellied Sapsucker107 (TX, Nacogdoches), Red-napedSapsucker 59 (AZ, Prescott), Red-breastedSapsucker 33 (CA, Auburn), Ladder-backed Woodpecker 138 (AZ,Dudleyville), Nuttall’s Woodpecker245 (CA, Putah Creek), DownyWoodpecker 704 (MA, Concord),Hairy Woodpecker 166 (MA, Concord),Arizona Woodpecker 37 (AZ, AtascosaHighlands), Red-cockaded Woodpecker36 (NC, Southern Pines), White-headedWoodpecker 26 (CA, Yosemite N.P.),Am. Three-toed Woodpecker 4 (AK,Denali N.P. and Fairbanks; MN, Roseau),Black-backed Woodpecker 3 (MN,Isabella), N. (Red-shafted) Flicker 545(CA, Putah Creek), N. (Yellow-shafted)Flicker 496 (MD, Bowie), GildedFlicker 74 (AZ, Carefree), PileatedWoodpecker 106 (FL, Gainesville).

N. Beardless-Tyrannulet 4 (TX,Anzalduas-Bentsen), Olive-sided FlycatcherCW (CA, Orange Co. [NE]), GreaterPewee 1 (AZ, Tucson Valley), LeastFlycatcher 11 (FL, Zellwood-MountDora), Hammond’s Flycatcher 18 (AZ,Atascosa Highlands), Gray Flycatcher45 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands), DuskyFlycatcher 11 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands),Pacific-slope Flycatcher 2 (CA,Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad), W. Flycatcher4 (CA, San Diego), Black Phoebe 584(CA, Orange Co. [coastal]), E. Phoebe1040 (TX, Matagorda Co.-Mad IslandMarsh), Say’s Phoebe 169 (AZ, GilaRiver), Vermilion Flycatcher 75 (AZ,Tucson Valley), Ash-throated Flycatcher14 (TX, San Bernard N.W.R.), GreatCrested Flycatcher 39 (FL, Fakahatchee),Brown-crested Flycatcher 2 (TX,Guadalupe River Delta-McFaddinFamily Ranches), La Sagra’s Flycatcher 1(FL, Long Pine Key), Great Kiskadee

273 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen), TropicalKingbird 53 (TX, Weslaco), Couch’sKingbird 62 (TX, Weslaco), Couch’sKingbird/Tropical Kingbird 132 (TX,Weslaco), Cassin’s Kingbird 176 (CA,Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad), W. Kingbird12 (FL, Zellwood-Mount Dora),Scissor-tailed Flycatcher 93 (TX, SanAntonio), Rose-throated Becard 1 (TX,Anzalduas-Bentsen and Weslaco).

Loggerhead Shrike 196 (FL, FortMyers), N. Shrike 12 (WA, Bridgeport),White-eyed Vireo 84 (FL, Gainesville),Bell’s Vireo 1 (FL, Fort Lauderdale; LA,New Orleans), Gray Vireo 1 (UT, ZionN.P.), Yellow-throated Vireo 2 (FL,Kendall Area), Plumbeous Vireo 3 (AZ,Salt Verde River; CA, San BernardinoValley), Cassin’s Vireo 1 (AZ, Nogales;CA, Anza-Borrego Desert, Arcata,Escondido, Malibu, and San Diego;NM, Las Cruces), Blue-headed Vireo 86(FL, Gainesville), Hutton’s Vireo 92(CA, Point Reyes Pen.), Red-eyed Vireo1 (TX, Matagorda Co.-Mad IslandMarsh), Gray Jay 43 (AK, Fairbanks),Steller’s Jay 607 (CA, Oakland), Blue Jay1887 (MA, Concord), Black-throatedMagpie-Jay 7 ex (CA, San Diego), GreenJay 200 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen),Florida Scrub-Jay 55 (FL, Merritt IslandN.W.R.), Island Scrub-Jay 173 (CA,Santa Cruz Island), W. Scrub-Jay 1008(OR, Eugene), Mexican Jay 396 (AZ,Ramsey Canyon), Pinyon Jay 373 (NV,Ely), Clark’s Nutcracker 170 (CO,Rocky Mountain N.P.), Black-billedMagpie 786 (MT, Bozeman), Yellow-billed Magpie 683 (CA, Sacramento),Am. Crow 207,000 (IL, Middle ForkRiver Valley), Northwestern Crow 749(AK, Juneau), Fish Crow 27,000 (FL,Econlockhatchee), Chihuahuan Raven753 (NM, Las Cruces), Com. Raven1638 (AK, Fairbanks).

Hawaii Elepaio 22 (HI, Hawai’i:Volcano), Kauai Elepaio 8 (HI, Kaua’i:Waimea), Oahu Elepaio 8 (HI, O’ahu:Honolulu), Sky Lark 10 (HI, Moloka’i:Kualapu’u), Horned Lark 8531 (KS,Salina), Purple Martin 3 (TX, ArmandBayou), Tree Swallow 1,000,000 (FL,Sarasota), Violet-green Swallow 210(CA, Moss Landing), N. Rough-wingedSwallow 300 (FL, West Palm Beach),

114 AMERICAN BIRDS

Bank Swallow 1 (TX, Weslaco), CliffSwallow 1 (LA, Reserve-Bonnet CarreSpillway), Cave Swallow 238 (TX,Choke Canyon), Barn Swallow 25 (CA,Salton Sea [south]), Carolina Chickadee1282 (OH, Cincinnati), Black-cappedChickadee 3334 (NY, Ithaca),Mountain Chickadee 638 (CO, RockyMountain N.P.), Mexican Chickadee 6(AZ, Portal), Chestnut-backed Chickadee1336 (CA, Año Nuevo), BorealChickadee 203 (AK, Fairbanks), BridledTitmouse 219 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands),Oak Titmouse 585 (CA, Folsom),Juniper Titmouse 99 (NM, SandiaMountains), Tufted Titmouse 1243(MA, Concord), Black-crested Titmouse163 (TX, Boerne), Black-crestedTitmouse X Tufted Titmouse (hybrid)165 (TX, Austin), Verdin 313 (AZ,Tucson Valley), Bushtit 1591 (CA,Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley), Red-breasted Nuthatch 748 (MN, Duluth),White-breasted Nuthatch 692 (MA,Concord), Pygmy Nuthatch 990 (CO,Evergreen-Idaho Springs), Brown-headedNuthatch 270 (GA, St. Catherines Island),Brown Creeper 156 (CA, Año Nuevo).

Cactus Wren 310 (AZ, Carefree), RockWren 119 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands),Canyon Wren 133 (AZ, AtascosaHighlands), Carolina Wren 544 (MD,Bowie), Bewick’s Wren 263 (WA,Seattle), House Wren 310 (FL,Zellwood-Mount Dora), Winter Wren344 (IL, Cypress Creek), Sedge Wren275 (TX, San Bernard N.W.R.), MarshWren 462 (CA, Benicia), Am. Dipper49 (CO, Longmont), Red-vented Bulbul491 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu), Red-whiskered Bulbul 45 (HI, O’ahu:Honolulu), 116 ex (CA, Pasadena-SanGabriel Valley), Golden-crownedKinglet 932 (WA, Sequim-Dungeness),Ruby-crowned Kinglet 955 (CA, PointReyes Pen.), Japanese Bush-Warbler 57(HI, O’ahu: Waipi’o), Blue-grayGnatcatcher 800 (FL, Emeralda-Sunnyhill), California Gnatcatcher 39(CA, Rancho Santa Fe), Black-tailedGnatcatcher 216 (AZ, Salt Verde River),Black-capped Gnatcatcher 5 (AZ, GreenValley-Madera Canyon), White-rumpedShama 39 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a), E.Bluebird 770 (OH, Ragersville), W.

Bluebird 1039 (CA, Auburn), MountainBluebird 687 (CO, Grand Junction),Townsend’s Solitaire 299 (OR, Bend),Omao 30 (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano),Puaiohi 3 (HI, Kaua’i: Waimea), Veery 1(NY, Chatham), Swainson’s Thrush 1(GA, Glynn Co.), Hermit Thrush 469(CA, Marin Co. [southern]), WoodThrush 1 (TX, Matagorda Co.-MadIsland Marsh), Clay-colored Robin 12(TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen), Rufous-backed Robin 2 (AZ, Superior), Am.Robin 27,248 (CA, Ukiah), VariedThrush 661 (CA, Willow Creek).

Hwamei 24 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a),Red-billed Leiothrix 45 (HI, O’ahu:Honolulu), Wrentit 501 (CA, PointReyes Pen.), Japanese White-eye 283(HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a), Gray Catbird 465(FL, Long Pine Key), N. Mockingbird425 (TX, Corpus Christi), SageThrasher 34 (TX, GuadalupeMountains), Brown Thrasher 76 (AL,Wheeler N.W.R.), Long-billed Thrasher64 (TX, Choke Canyon), Bendire’sThrasher 11 (AZ, Avra Valley), Curve-billed Thrasher 281 (AZ, Carefree),California Thrasher 129 (CA, Malibu),Crissal Thrasher 48 (NM, PeloncilloMountains), Le Conte’s Thrasher 7 (CA,Lancaster), Eur. Starling 1,000,000(OK, Sooner Lake), Com. Myna 923(HI, O’ahu: Waipi’o), Hill Myna 39 ex(FL, Kendall Area), White Wagtail 1(CA, Santa Maria-Guadalupe), Am.Pipit 2230 (CA, Marysville), Sprague’sPipit 68 (TX, Matagorda Co.-MadIsland Marsh), Bohemian Waxwing6976 (AK, Anchorage), Cedar Waxwing3789 (TX, Tyler), Phainopepla 703 (AZ,Salt Verde River).

Olive Warbler 9 (AZ, Green Valley-Madera Canyon), Tennessee Warbler 2(TX, Guadalupe River Delta-McFaddinFamily Ranches), Orange-crownedWarbler 493 (TX, Weslaco), NashvilleWarbler 10 (TX, Weslaco), N. Parula 18(FL, Kendall Area), Yellow Warbler 11(CA, San Diego; FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P.), Chestnut-sidedWarbler 1 (AZ, Phoenix-Tres Rios),Magnolia Warbler 3 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P.), Cape May Warbler 1(OH, Ragersville), Black-throated BlueWarbler 2 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades

N.P., Fort Lauderdale, Kendall Area,and Key Largo-Plantation Key), Yellow-rumped (Audubon’s) Warbler 4638 (CA,Orange Co. [coastal]), Yellow-rumped(Myrtle) Warbler 7599 (SC, Charleston),Black-throated Gray Warbler 9 (AZ,Atascosa Highlands), Black-throatedGreen Warbler 6 (FL, Fort Lauderdale),Townsend’s Warbler 311 (CA, MontereyPen.), Hermit Warbler 5 (CA, AñoNuevo), Yellow-throated Warbler 39(FL, Gainesville), Grace’s Warbler 1(CA, Santa Barbara), Pine Warbler 1100(FL, Avon Park A.F. Range), PrairieWarbler 59 (FL, Coot Bay-EvergladesN.P.), Palm Warbler 950 (FL,Econlockhatchee), Palm (W.) Warbler 1(AR, Buffalo National River (east); IN,Lake Monroe), Palm (Yellow) Warbler 1(DE, Seaford-Nanticoke; LA, GrandIsle), Bay-breasted Warbler CW (AZ,Santa Catalina Mountains), Black-and-white Warbler 102 (FL, Gainesville), Am.Redstart 19 (FL, Coot Bay-EvergladesN.P.), Prothonotary Warbler 1 (TX,Guadalupe River Delta-McFaddinFamily Ranches), Worm-eating Warbler1 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. andKey West), Swainson’s Warbler 1 (TX,Matagorda Co.-Mad Island Marsh),Ovenbird 16 (NC, Cape Hatteras), N.Waterthrush 37 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P.), Louisiana Waterthrush1 (AZ, Patagonia and Ramsey Canyon),MacGillivray’s Warbler 1 (ME, GreaterPortland), Com. Yellowthroat 887 (TX,Guadalupe River Delta-McFaddin FamilyRanches), Gray-crowned Yellowthroat 2(TX, Brownsville), Hooded Warbler 2(TX, Big Bend N.P. [east]), Wilson’sWarbler 17 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal];TX, Freeport), Painted Redstart 12 (AZ,Green Valley-Madera Canyon), Rufous-capped Warbler 1 (AZ, Green Valley-MaderaCanyon), Yellow-breasted Chat 7 (TX,Matagorda Co.-Mad Island Marsh),Hepatic Tanager 3 (AZ, AtascosaHighlands), Summer Tanager 7 (CA, SanDiego), W. Tanager 24 (CA, San Diego).

White-collared Seedeater 1 (TX,Laredo), Yellow-faced Grassquit 1 (HI,O’ahu: Waipi’o), Saffron Finch 47 (HI,Hawai’i: North Kona), Red-crestedCardinal 140 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu),Olive Sparrow 57 (TX, Santa Ana

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 115

N.W.R.), Green-tailed Towhee 19 (AZ,Atascosa Highlands), Spotted Towhee707 (CA, Auburn), E. Towhee 226 (NC,Durham), Canyon Towhee 229 (AZ,Atascosa Highlands), California Towhee667 (CA, Oakland), Abert’s Towhee 687(AZ, Gila River), Rufous-wingedSparrow 90 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands),Cassin’s Sparrow 68 (TX, ChaparralW.M.A.), Bachman’s Sparrow 8 (FL,Avon Park A.F. Range and West Pasco[New Port Richey]), Rufous-crownedSparrow 327 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands),Am. Tree Sparrow 1993 (IN, GoosePond), Chipping Sparrow 3931 (AZ,Atascosa Highlands), Clay-coloredSparrow 61 (TX, Chaparral W.M.A.),Brewer’s Sparrow 351 (AZ, GreenValley-Madera Canyon), Field Sparrow464 (TX, Balcones Canyonlands),Black-chinned Sparrow 54 (AZ,Atascosa Highlands), Vesper Sparrow1841 (TX, Westcave Preserve), LarkSparrow 628 (CA, Putah Creek), Black-throated Sparrow 801 (AZ, Salt VerdeRiver), Sage Sparrow 185 (CA, CarrizoPlain), Lark Bunting 548 (TX, LubbockCo.), Savannah Sparrow 3995 (TX,Matagorda Co.-Mad Island Marsh),Savannah (Belding’s) Sparrow 129 (CA,Orange Co. [coastal]), Savannah (Ipswich)Sparrow 32 (SC, McClellanville),Savannah (Large-billed) Sparrow 6 (CA,San Diego).

Grasshopper Sparrow 55 (TX,Weslaco), Baird’s Sparrow 1 (AZ,Appleton-Whittell, Patagonia, andRamsey Canyon; NM, Ladder Ranch),Henslow’s Sparrow 48 (MS, JacksonCo.), Le Conte’s Sparrow 52 (TX,Nacogdoches), Nelson’s Sparrow 85(LA, Grand Isle), Saltmarsh Sparrow 63(NJ, Cape May), Seaside Sparrow 152(LA, Grand Isle), Fox Sparrow 543 (OR,Coquille Valley), Fox (E.) Sparrow 8(NC, Alligator River N.W.R.), Fox(Red) Sparrow 11 (TN, Knoxville), Fox(Sooty) Sparrow 260 (OR, Coos Bay),Fox (Thick-billed) Sparrow 1 (CA,Morro Bay), Song Sparrow 1528 (OH,Ragersville), Lincoln’s Sparrow 536 (TX,San Antonio), Swamp Sparrow 747 (LA,Creole), White-throated Sparrow 3989(MD, Lower Kent Co.), Harris’sSparrow 1506 (KS, Udall-Winfield),

White-crowned Sparrow 4576 (AZ, GilaRiver), White-crowned (Gambel’s)Sparrow 1068 (CA, Salton Sea [north]),White-crowned (Mountain) Sparrow 1(AZ, Atascosa Highlands), Golden-crowned Sparrow 1496 (CA, Marin Co.[southern]), Dark-eyed (Gray-headed)Junco 436 (NM, Questa), Dark-eyed(Oregon) Junco 3091 (OR, HoodRiver), Dark-eyed (Pink-sided) Junco631 (CO, Grand Junction), Dark-eyed(Slate-colored) Junco 9562 (MA,Concord), Dark-eyed (White-winged)Junco 81 (SD, Piedmont), Dark-eyed(Gray-headed dorsalis) Junco 26 (AZ,Prescott), Dark-eyed (Gray-headedcaniceps) Junco 6 (NM, Zuni), Dark-eyed (Red-backed) Junco 10 (AZ,Portal), Yellow-eyed Junco 88 (AZ,Portal), McCown’s Longspur 80 (TX,Quitaque), Lapland Longspur 5013(KS, Wilson Reservoir), Smith’sLongspur 206 (OK, TishomingoN.W.R.), Chestnut-collared Longspur240 (NM, Lakes Avalon-Brantley),Snow Bunting 2924 (NY, Troy),McKay’s Bunting 35 (AK, Nome), N.Cardinal 2717 (OK, Fort GibsonReservoir), Pyrrhuloxia 124 (AZ,Ramsey Canyon), Rose-breastedGrosbeak 2 (AR, Hot Springs Village;TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen), Black-headedGrosbeak 4 (CA, San Diego), BlueGrosbeak 3 (FL, Zellwood-MountDora), Lazuli Bunting 2 (AZ, RamseyCanyon), Indigo Bunting 22 (FL,Zellwood-Mount Dora), PaintedBunting 74 (FL, Cocoa), Dickcissel 3(LA, Crowley).

Red-winged Blackbird 2,800,000(OK, Sooner Lake), Tricolored Blackbird5890 (CA, Merced N.W.R.), E.Meadowlark 1354 (TX, Kingsville), W.Meadowlark 3109 (CA, Lincoln),Yellow-headed Blackbird 9547 (AZ,Tucson Valley), Rusty Blackbird 4000(OK, Sooner Lake), Brewer’s Blackbird51,254 (CA, Rio Cosumnes), Com.Grackle 503,102 (GA, Floyd Co.), Boat-tailed Grackle 18,340 (LA, LacassineN.W.R.-Thornwell), Great-tailedGrackle 120,000 (OK, Sooner Lake),Shiny Cowbird CW (FL, Kendall Area),Bronzed Cowbird 1662 (TX, Santa AnaN.W.R.), Brown-headed Cowbird

50,752 (LA, Lacassine N.W.R.-Thornwell), Orchard Oriole 5 (CA, SanDiego), Hooded Oriole 7 (TX, FalconDam and S.P.), Bullock’s Oriole 20 (CA,San Diego), Spot-breasted Oriole 4 (FL,Kendall Area), Altamira Oriole 38 (TX,Anzalduas-Bentsen), Audubon’s Oriole13 (TX, Choke Canyon), BaltimoreOriole 31 (FL, Gainesville), Scott’sOriole 8 (CA, Anza-Borrego Desert).

Com. Chaffinch 1 OU (MA, GreaterBoston), Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch 499(WY, Crowheart), Black Rosy-Finch453 (WY, Dubois), Brown-cappedRosy-Finch 80 (CO, Gunnison), PineGrosbeak 185 (MN, Aurora), PurpleFinch 697 (NH, Pittsburg), Cassin’sFinch 130 (CO, Evergreen-IdahoSprings), House Finch 3297 (CA, RioCosumnes), Red Crossbill 419 (OR,Upper Nestucca), White-wingedCrossbill 678 (MN, Duluth), Com.Redpoll 1658 (AK, Fairbanks), HoaryRedpoll 23 (AK, Fairbanks), Pine Siskin1547 (WA, Wahkiakum), LesserGoldfinch 1453 (CA, Lincoln),Lawrence’s Goldfinch 262 (AZ,Phoenix-Tres Rios), Am. Goldfinch1598 (CA, Benicia), Eur. Goldfinch 1 ex(MI, Clinton), Yellow-fronted Canary 2(HI, O’ahu: Honolulu), Com. Canary19 (HI, Midway Atoll), EveningGrosbeak 228 (WY, Casper), LaysanFinch 28 (HI, Laysan Island), HawaiiAmakihi 192 (HI, Hawai’i: NorthKona), Oahu Amakihi 25 (HI, O’ahu:Waipi’o), Kauai Amakihi 6 (HI, Kaua’i:Waimea), Anianiau 8 (HI, Kaua’i:Waimea), Akiapolaau 6 (HI, Hawai’i:Volcano), Akikiki 1 (HI, Kaua’i:Waimea), Hawaii Creeper 3 (HI,Hawai’i: Volcano), Akekee 5 (HI,Kaua’i: Waimea), Iiwi 16 (HI, Hawai’i:North Kona), Apapane 94 (HI, Kaua’i:Waimea), House Sparrow 3247 (WY,Casper), Eur. Tree Sparrow 720 (IL,Meredosia Island), Orange Bishop 1 ex(CA, Palos Verdes Pen.), Com. Waxbill705 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu), RedAvadavat 9 (HI, O’ahu: Waipi’o),African Silverbill 2 (HI, Hawai’i: NorthKona), Nutmeg Mannikin 272 (HI,Kaua’i: Kapa’a), Chestnut Munia 327(HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a), Java Sparrow 291(HI, O’ahu: Honolulu).

116 AMERICAN BIRDS

This is a summary of the highestcounts reported for individual speciesand forms in Canada since theChristmas Bird Count began in 1900. Atotal of 420 species has been reportedduring that period, plus 14 exotics(marked “ex” in the list) and 17 addi-tional forms. For 79 species, these totalsalso represent the all-time highs forNorth America (numbers boldfacedbelow); 8 species have been seen oncounts only in Canada. Provincially,counts from BC have 208 high counts,followed by Ontario with 136, andNova Scotia with 90. For individualcount circles, Victoria, BC, is at the topof the list with 41 all-time highs; Ladner,BC, has 37, and Halifax-Dartmouth isin third place with 27 (although if youadd in the high counts from the olderHalifax (east) and Halifax (west) counts,the total for that city is 44 all-time highs).I’ve attempted to weed out obvious errorsin the database, but there may be a fewstill lurking here. If you see anythingamiss, please let me know.

Greater White-fronted Goose 338(BC, Chilliwack 80), Greylag Goose 1ex (BC, Cortes Island 107, QC, Quebec106), Emperor Goose 2 (BC, SkidegateInlet 89), Snow Goose (white form)21,536 (BC, Ladner 101), Snow Goose(blue form) 64 (ON, St. Clair N.W.A.85), Snow (Greater) Goose 7 (QC,Chicoutimi-Jonquiere 102), Ross’s Goose3 (ON, Cedar Creek 108), Brant (nigri-cans) 2878 (BC, Ladner 107), Brant(hrota) 133 (NB, Grand Manan Island83), Barnacle Goose 1 (QC, Longueuil110), Barnacle Goose ex 1 (BC, Duncan87, ON, Kingston 93 and Pickering 91),Cackling Goose 1874 (BC, Abbotsford-Mission 110), Canada Goose 27,452(AB, Calgary 105), Mute Swan 625(ON, North Shore 103), TrumpeterSwan 2939 (BC, Comox 104), TundraSwan 6596 (ON, St. Clair N.W.A. 107),Whooper Swan 1 ex (ON, Hamilton 86,Hamilton 96, Hamilton 100, and Port

Colborne 110) , Ruddy Shelduck 1 ex(ON, Kleinburg 92, Pickering 91),Muscovy Duck 7 ex (ON, Kleinburg93), Wood Duck 749 (BC, Chilliwack108), Mandarin Duck 7 ex (BC,Vancouver 86 and 88), Gadwall 4536(ON, Blenheim 102), Eur. Wigeon 113(BC, Ladner 107), Am. Wigeon 57,901(BC, Ladner 92), Am. Black Duck13,651 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 103),Mallard 37,045 (BC, Ladner 92), Blue-winged Teal 30 (BC, Nanaimo 68; ON,Fisherville 104), Cinnamon Teal 8 (BC,Ladner 83), N. Shoveler 988 (BC,Duncan 78), N. Pintail 55,070 (BC,Ladner 92), Am. Green-winged Teal23,472 (BC, Ladner 92), Eur. Green-winged Teal 10 (NL, St. John’s 99).

Canvasback 25,800 (ON, St. ClairN.W.A. 107), Redhead 20,980 (ON,Long Point 88), Red-crested Pochard 1ex (ON, Ottawa-Gatineau 92), Ring-necked Duck 663 (BC, Victoria 92),Tufted Duck 34 (NL, St. John’s 110),Greater Scaup 50,000 (ON, WoodhouseTownship 98), Lesser Scaup 15,000(ON, Point Pelee 91), King Eider 22(ON, Hamilton 64), Com. Eider 7528(NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 97), HarlequinDuck 886 (BC, Deep Bay 83), SurfScoter 11,528 (BC, Vancouver 96),White-winged Scoter 10,115 (ON,Prince Edward Point 95), Black Scoter1095 (BC, Deep Bay 77), Long-tailedDuck 148,326 (ON, Prince EdwardPoint 102), Bufflehead 2863 (BC,Victoria 89), Com. Goldeneye 11,612(BC, Tlell 105), Barrow’s Goldeneye3747 (BC, Lower Howe Sound 106),Smew 1 (BC, White Rock 90), HoodedMerganser 701 (BC, Victoria 107),Com. Merganser 39,640 (ON, PointPelee 90), Red-breasted Merganser16,256 (ON, Point Pelee 107), RuddyDuck 11,280 (BC, White Rock 79).

Chukar 193 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos84), Gray Partridge 728 (SK, Regina104), Silver Pheasant 7 ex (BC, Nanaimo102), Ring-necked Pheasant 585 (NS,

Wolfville 90), Com. Peafowl 3 ex (ON,Kettle Point 107), Ruffed Grouse 149(ON, Algonquin P.P. 107), Greater Sage-Grouse 106 (SK, Govenlock 80), SpruceGrouse 37 (MB, Riding Mountain N.P.77), Willow Ptarmigan 476 (NT,Yellowknife 98), Rock Ptarmigan 46(MB, Churchill 98), White-tailedPtarmigan 48 (AB, Bow Summit 90),Dusky Grouse 17 (BC, Penticton 107and Vernon 94), Sooty Grouse 4 (BC,Pender Islands 97, Port Clements 105,and Squamish 96), Sharp-tailed Grouse390 (MB, Lyleton 107), Greater Prairie-Chicken 9 (AB, Calgary 20), WildTurkey 592 (ON, Beaverton 108),Mountain Quail 9 (BC, Victoria 64),California Quail 4566 (BC, Penticton105), N. Bobwhite 128 (ON, WestElgin 57), Red-throated Loon 1151(BC, Tlell 105), Arctic Loon 1 (BC,Duncan 108), Pacific Loon 4437 (BC,Campbell River 105), Common Loon618 (BC, Comox 105), Yellow-billedLoon 43 (BC, Hecate Strait 110), Pied-billed Grebe 101 (BC, Ladner 79),Horned Grebe 1100 (BC, Victoria 67and 68), Red-necked Grebe 708 (BC,Tlell 105), Eared Grebe 461 (BC,Pender Islands 81), W. Grebe 15,174(BC, Deep Bay 84), Clark’s Grebe 2(BC, Lardeau 104 and Sooke 90).

N. Fulmar 1619 (NL, Cape St. Mary’s100), Black-capped Petrel 1 (ON, WyeMarsh 102), Cory’s Shearwater 1 (NB,Cape Tormentine 99), Greater Shearwater10 (NS, Brier Island 103), Buller’sShearwater 1 (BC, Hecate Strait 106),Sooty Shearwater 1238 (BC, Rose Spit99), Short-tailed Shearwater 81 (BC,Langara Island 100), Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel 1 (BC, Skidegate Inlet 103),Leach’s Storm-Petrel 6 (NL, Terra NovaN.P. 75), N. Gannet 596 (NS, CapeSable Island 100), Am. White Pelican 2(ON, St. Catharines 92; SK, GardinerDam 108), Brown Pelican 2 (BC,Victoria 100), Brandt’s Cormorant 4280(BC, Sooke 86), Double-crested

All-time Highest Counts of Individual Species on Canadian CBCsRichard J. Cannings

705 Sunglo Drive, Penticton, BC, V2A 8X7; dickcannings@shaw.ca

Cormorant 2072 (BC, Nanaimo 97),Great Cormorant 433 (NS, Halifax[west] 85), Pelagic Cormorant 3233(BC, Nanaimo 89), Am. Bittern 26 (BC,Ladner 106), Great Blue Heron (Blueform) 297 (BC, Ladner 102), GreatEgret 2 (NS, Cape Sable Island 109),Snowy Egret 1 (NL, St. John’s 106; NS,Halifax [east] 80), Little Blue Heron 1(NS, Yarmouth 100), Cattle Egret 3(BC, Ladner 80), Green Heron 5 (BC,Chilliwack 80), Black-crowned Night-Heron 20 (ON, Toronto 107).

Black Vulture 1 (NS, Brier Island 109;ON, Hamilton 88; QC, New-Richmond99), Turkey Vulture 33 (ON, Fisherville107), Osprey 3 (BC, Deep Bay 79 andCreston Valley 99), Bald Eagle 2805(BC, Squamish 94), N. Harrier 162(ON, Fisherville 91), Sharp-shinnedHawk 41 (SK, Saskatoon 62), Cooper’sHawk 62 (BC, Victoria 105), N.Goshawk 16 (SK, Squaw Rapids 81),Red-shouldered Hawk 11 (ON, PointPelee 107), Broad-winged Hawk 2 (NB,Moncton 92; NS, Bedford-Sackville103; ON, Owen Sound 107; Peel-Halton Counties 66), Swainson’s Hawk1 (BC, Deep Bay 80; Pitt Meadows 78,79, and 80; ON, Fisherville 97), Red-tailed Hawk 345 (ON, Fisherville 94),Harlan’s Hawk 3 (BC, Vernon 92),Ferruginous Hawk 6 (AB, Edmonton7), Rough-legged Hawk 195 (ON,Kingston 75), Golden Eagle 14 (SK,Fort Walsh Cypress Hills 88), Am.Kestrel 154 (ON, Fisherville 92), Merlin41 (AB, Edmonton 87), Gyrfalcon 6(NL, St. Anthony 83), Peregrine Falcon29 (BC, Ladner 110), Prairie Falcon 8(AB, Nanton 110).

Clapper Rail 1 (NS, Broad Cove 74and 77), King Rail 1 (ON, Long Point77), Virginia Rail 39 (BC, Vancouver85), Sora 3 (BC, Vaseux Lake 100),Purple Gallinule 1 (NS, Port L’Hebert94), Com. Moorhen 1 (NL, St. John’s99; NS, Halifax [east] 81; ON, Blenheim71, Hamilton 48 and 93, Long Point 73,Oshawa 80, Ottawa-Gatineau 106,Point Pelee 79 and 81, Prince EdwardPoint 80; QC, Longueuil 98 and Sorel-Tracy 110), Am. Coot 8202 (ON,Blenheim 102), Sandhill Crane 265(ON, Long Point 108), N. Lapwing 1

(NL, Ferryland 101 and St. John’s 84),Black-bellied Plover 6855 (BC, Ladner105), Am./Pacific Golden-Plover 19(BC, Comox 75), Am. Golden-Plover 2(BC, Skidegate Inlet 98), PacificGolden-Plover 3 (BC, Skidegate Inlet101), Semipalmated Plover 6 (BC, DeepBay 103), Killdeer 427 (BC, Ladner102), Black Oystercatcher 371 (BC,Skidegate Inlet 107), Black-necked Stilt1 (ON, Wallaceburg 102), Am. Avocet 4(BC, White Rock 98), Spotted Sandpiper6 (BC, Comox 84), Wandering Tattler 1(BC, Skidegate Inlet 99 and Vancouver64), Greater Yellowlegs 91 (BC, WhiteRock 106), Willet 3 (BC, Ladner 102),Lesser Yellowlegs 7 (BC, Vancouver 70),Whimbrel 6 (BC, Victoria 63), Eur.Whimbrel 1 (NS, Broad Cove 75),Long-billed Curlew 1 (BC, Ladner 80,White Rock 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98,99, 100, 101, 105, 108, and 110; ON,Kingston 96), Black-tailed Godwit 1(PE, Prince Edward Island N.P. 99),Marbled Godwit 6 (BC, White Rock108 and 110), Ruddy Turnstone 22(NS, Louisbourg 68), Black Turnstone3560 (BC, Comox 83), Surfbird 510(BC, Nanaimo 103), Red Knot 48 (NS,Cape Sable Island 100), Sanderling 1678(BC, Rose Spit 100), SemipalmatedSandpiper 15 (NS, Cape Sable Island103), W. Sandpiper 301 (BC, Ladner108), Least Sandpiper 42 (BC, Ladner102), White-rumped Sandpiper 5 (NS,Cape Sable Island 100), Baird’sSandpiper 1 (ON, Blenheim 72 andLong Point 92), Pectoral Sandpiper 3(BC, Nanaimo 79), Purple Sandpiper430 (NB, Grand Manan Island 89),Rock Sandpiper 193 (BC, GreaterMasset 88), Dunlin 84,773 (BC, Ladner103), Ruff 1 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth103), Short-billed Dowitcher 68 (BC,Vancouver 70), Long-billed Dowitcher683 (BC, Ladner 76), Jack Snipe 1 (BC,Greater Masset 110), Wilson’s Snipe 151(BC, Vancouver 82), Am. Woodcock 5(ON, Prince Edward Point 105), Red-necked Phalarope 1 (NS, Louisbourgand Cape Breton 73), Red Phalarope560 (BC, Sooke 103).

Laughing Gull 2 (NS, Halifax [east]69), Little Gull 117 (ON, Long Point92), Black-headed Gull 365 (NS,

Halifax-Dartmouth 106), Bonaparte’sGull 26,187 (ON, Niagara Falls 92),Heermann’s Gull 4 (BC, Pender Islands83), Mew Gull 16,375 (BC, Victoria75), Ring-billed Gull 22,177 (ON,Point Pelee 102), California Gull 1007(BC, Parksville-Qualicum Beach 103),Herring Gull 30,610 (NS, Wolfville 99),Yellow-legged Gull 1 (NL, St. John’s 95,106, 107, 108, and 109), Thayer’s Gull3110 (BC, Victoria 104), Iceland Gull6004 (QC, Tadoussac 93), Kumlien’sGull 3611 (NL, St. John’s 110), LesserBlack-backed Gull 74 (ON, Barrie 106),Slaty-backed Gull 1 (BC, Abbotsford-Mission 108 and 109, Comox 102,Ladner 94, 101, 104, and 108, Nakusp102, Nanaimo 104; NS, Glace Bay104), W. Gull 121 (BC, Tofino 102),Glaucous-winged Gull 55,803 (BC,Ladner 106), Glaucous Gull 1269 (NL,St. Anthony 82), Great Black-backedGull 14275 (NL, Corner Brook 98),Sabine’s Gull 1 (BC, Comox 88,Penticton 105, Salmon Arm 96, andVictoria 64; ON, Eganville 97, NiagaraFalls 96,and Oshawa 101), Black-leggedKittiwake 48,000 (NS, Brier Island 79),Ross’s Gull 1 (ON, St. Catharines 95),Ivory Gull 17 (NL, L’Anse-aux-Meadows86), Caspian Tern 1 (ON, Hamilton 81,Long Point 92, and Oshawa 93), BlackTern 1 (ON, Wiarton 92), Com. Tern 5(BC, Surrey Municipality 62), Forster’sTern 2 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 103;ON, Blenheim 102), Great Skua 1 (NS,Brier Island 93), Pomarine Jaeger 1 (NS,Brier Island 94, 101, 103, 107, and 110;ON, Blenheim 109, Hamilton 99,Kingston 92, Oshawa 101, and St.Catharines 93 and 109), Parasitic Jaeger1 (BC, White Rock 78; NS, Cape SableIsland 101; NS, Louisbourg 103; ON,Niagara Falls 89).

Dovekie 73,668 (NL, L’Anse-aux-Meadows 85), Com. Murre 10940 (BC,Campbell River 95), Thick-billed Murre51,050 (NL, L’Anse-aux-Meadows 85),Razorbill 15,000 (NB, Grand MananIsland 99), Black Guillemot 1009 (QC,Forillon N.P. 104), Pigeon Guillemot260 (BC, Victoria 66), MarbledMurrelet 2125 (BC, Ladner 76),Kittlitz’s Murrelet 1 (BC, Victoria 86),Ancient Murrelet 6401 (BC, Victoria

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 117

74), Cassin’s Auklet 1398 (BC, Rose Spit96), Rhinoceros Auklet 113 (BC,Victoria 100), Atlantic Puffin 200 (NS,Brier Island 91), Tufted Puffin 2 (BC,Victoria 66), Rock Pigeon 18,020 (BC,Vancouver 102), Band-tailed Pigeon449 (BC, Pender Islands 79), RingedTurtle-Dove 10 ex (NS, Kingston 88),Eur. Collared-Dove 174 (BC, Cawston106), White-winged Dove 2 (NS, CapeSable Island 110), Mourning Dove 2443(ON, Cedar Creek 106), Budgerigar 1 ex(ON, Ottawa-Gatineau 93), Cockatiel 1ex (ON, Ottawa-Gatineau 101), Rose-ringed Parakeet 1 ex (ON, Oshawa 90).

Barn Owl 49 (BC, Vancouver 78), W.Screech-Owl 23 (BC, Victoria 92), E.Screech-Owl 141 (ON, Fisherville 100),Great Horned Owl 80 (ON, Cambridge87), Snowy Owl 107 (BC, Ladner 74),N. Hawk Owl 40 (AB, Opal 105), N.Pygmy-Owl 17 (BC, Vernon 78 andCreston Valley 104), Burrowing Owl 1(BC, Abbotsford-Mission 105 andComox 64), Barred Owl 17 (NS, WestHants 100), Great Gray Owl 24 (MB,Pinawa-Lac du Bonnet 101), Long-eared Owl 65 (ON, Hamilton 61),Short-eared Owl 106 (ON, Fisherville96), Boreal Owl 8 (AB, Edmonton 105and Cochrane Wildlife Reserve 103), N.Saw-whet Owl 52 (BC, Vaseux Lake 106),Xantus’s Hummingbird 1 (BC, SunshineCoast 98), Anna’s Hummingbird 556(BC, Victoria 110), Rufous Hummingbird2 (BC, Parksville-Qualicum Beach 99),Belted Kingfisher 71 (BC, Victoria 90),Lewis’s Woodpecker 25 (BC, Penticton75), Red-headed Woodpecker 114 (ON,Blenheim 84), Red-bellied Woodpecker81 (ON, St. Thomas 110), Red-breastedSapsucker 101 (BC, Sunshine Coast109), Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 4 (ON,London 81, Niagara Falls 72), Red-napedSapsucker 2 (BC, Creston 91), DownyWoodpecker 444 (AB, Edmonton 104),Hairy Woodpecker 235 (ON, North Bay100 and 102), White-headed Woodpecker1 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos 85, 87, and 91,Penticton 88 and 97, Vaseux Lake 76, 78,85, and 90), Am. Three-toed Woodpecker29 (ON, Ottawa-Gatineau 77), Black-backed Woodpecker 35 (ON, AlgonquinP.P. 107), N. (Red-shafted) Flicker 599(BC, Victoria 110), N. (Yellow-shafted)

Flicker 102 (NL, St. John’s 108), PileatedWoodpecker 57 (AB, Edmonton 108).

Gray Flycatcher 1 (ON, Fisherville104), Dusky Flycatcher 1 (NS, Wolfville97), E. Phoebe 3 (ON, Point Pelee 98,St. Clair N.W.A. 103, and St. Thomas103), Say’s Phoebe 2 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos 98,106, 107, and 109; BC,Penticton 77), Ash-throated Flycatcher1 (BC, Ladner 101; NB, Sackville 102),W. Kingbird 1 (BC, Deep Bay 93 andVictoria 64; NS, Cape Sable Island 74,Halifax-Dartmouth 95 and 109, andHalifax [west] 85), E. Kingbird 1 (NS,Halifax [east] 75 and Yarmouth 74; ON,Kitchener 93), Loggerhead Shrike 2(BC, Terrace 66; ON, Carden Alvar 100,St. Thomas 61, and Vankleek Hill 78),N. Shrike 51 (ON, Oshawa 96), White-eyed Vireo 1 (NL, Cape St. Mary’s 102;NS, Port L’Hebert 94; ON, Long Point99 and 109, Prince Edward Point 103,Pickering 85, Point Pelee 92, 94, and 95,and Toronto 105), Plumbeous Vireo 1(NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 100), Blue-headed Vireo 1 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth95, 96, 99; ON, Long Point 95),Solitary Vireo 1 (NS, Halifax [east] 85,Halifax [west] 85), Hutton’s Vireo 18(BC, Pender Islands 106), Gray Jay 185(AB, Cochrane Wildlife Reserve 96),Steller’s Jay 659 (BC, Victoria 93), BlueJay 1598 (AB, Edmonton 89), W.Scrub-Jay 1 (BC, Chilliwack 106,Ladner 104, Pitt Meadows 102 and 110,Sunshine Coast 110, Squamish 105, andVancouver 94), Clark’s Nutcracker 277(AB, Banff-Canmore 79), Black-billedMagpie 3374 (AB, Edmonton 102),Eur. Jackdaw 1 (NL, St. John’s 95; NS,Halifax [west] 85, 89, and 90), Am.Crow 159,860 (ON, St. Clair N.W.A.100), Northwestern Crow 35,365 (BC,Vancouver 110), Com. Raven 2091(NT, Yellowknife 110).

Sky Lark 960 (BC, Victoria 66),Horned Lark 6012 (ON, Blenheim 86),Tree Swallow 7 (NS, Halifax [east] 70),Violet-green Swallow 4 (BC, Comox20), N. Rough-winged Swallow 2 (ON,London 80), Cliff Swallow 2 (BC,Vancouver 92), Barn Swallow 5 (ON,Sutton 104), Black-capped Chickadee5096 (AB, Edmonton 94), MountainChickadee 519 (BC, Penticton 87),

Chestnut-backed Chickadee 2312 (BC,Victoria 100), Boreal Chickadee 371(NL, Terra Nova N.P. 85), TuftedTitmouse 70 (ON, Wallaceburg 104),Bushtit 2522 (BC, Victoria 100), Red-breasted Nuthatch 1384 (ON,Algonquin P.P. 79), White-breastedNuthatch 516 (MB, Winnipeg 102),Pygmy Nuthatch 515 (BC, Penticton90), Brown Creeper 277 (ON, PointPelee 78), Rock Wren 6 (BC, VaseuxLake 101), Canyon Wren 25 (BC,Oliver-Osoyoos 96 and 106; VaseuxLake 104), Carolina Wren 90 (ON,Fisherville 105), Bewick’s Wren 335(BC, Victoria 107), House Wren 4 (BC,Nanaimo 80; ON, Thousand Islands95), Winter Wren 569 (BC, Victoria102), Sedge Wren 1 (NS, Broad Cove77; ON, Point Pelee 102), Marsh Wren136 (BC, Ladner 104), Am. Dipper 149(BC, Lillooet 103), Golden-crownedKinglet 4000 (BC, Victoria 70), Ruby-crowned Kinglet 402 (BC, Victoria,105), Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 1 (NL, St.John’s 86; NS, Halifax [west] 85; ON,Point Pelee 83, Cambridge 85,Fisherville 104, Long Point 91, 98, 100,and 105, and Peel-Halton Counties 94).

Northern Wheatear 1 (NL, St.Anthony 75 and Terra Nova N.P.[north] 91), E. Bluebird 149 (ON,Cedar Creek 99), W. Bluebird 226 (BC,Penticton 104), Mountain Bluebird 12(BC, Penticton 81), Townsend’s Solitaire69 (BC, Lillooet 110), Veery 1 (ON,Toronto 93), Gray-cheeked Thrush 1(NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 104; ON,Kingston 78), Swainson’s Thrush 1 (BC,Campbell River 105, Duncan 80,Kelowna 108, Ladner 98, Nanaimo 78,Pender Islands 79, Shuswap Lake P.P.89, Vancouver 76, and Victoria 62 and69; NS, Apple River 103 and Cape SableIsland 102; ON, Blenheim 81, CedarCreek 90, Guelph 100, Hamilton 77,Kincardine 105, Long Point 93,Mindemoya 95, Ottawa-Gatineau 85,Point Pelee 99, St. Thomas 79 and 81and Toronto 99 and 102), HermitThrush 51 (BC, Victoria 106), WoodThrush 1 (MB, Winnipeg 85), DuskyThrush 1 (BC, White Rock 93),Fieldfare 1 (BC, Pitt Meadows 104; NL,St. John’s 92), Redwing 1 (NB,

118 AMERICAN BIRDS

Riverside-Albert 101; NL, Ferryland99), Am. Robin 14,327 (BC, Victoria96), Varied Thrush 1212 (BC, Vancouver84), Gray Catbird 16 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 106), N. Mockingbird 159(ON, Niagara Falls 90), Sage Thrasher 1(ON, Blenheim 109), Brown Thrasher 5(ON, Hamilton 71), Curve-billedThrasher 1 (SK, Dalmeny-Langham 107).

Eur. Starling 254,068 (BC, Vancouver65), Crested Myna 1632 (BC, Vancouver61), Red-throated Pipit 1 (BC, Ladner91), Am. Pipit 310 (BC, Ladner 63),Bohemian Waxwing 35,298 (AB,Edmonton 106), Cedar Waxwing 1406(NL, St. John’s 96), Blue-wingedWarbler 1 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth102), Orange-crowned Warbler 10 (NS,Halifax-Dartmouth 97), NashvilleWarbler 3 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth100), N. Parula 1 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth105; ON, Ottawa-Gatineau 94), YellowWarbler 2 (BC, Vancouver 77),Magnolia Warbler 1 (NS, Cape SableIsland 104, Halifax [west] 74, andWhite Point 103), Cape May Warbler 1(AB, Calgary 88; BC, Nakusp 106; MB,Selkirk 98; NL, St. John’s 94; NS,Wolfville 106; ON, Cambridge 92,Point Pelee 92, and Thunder Bay 102),Black-throated Blue Warbler 2 (ON,Toronto 109), Yellow-rumped (Audubon’s)Warbler 87 (BC, Vancouver 79), Yellow-rumped (Myrtle) Warbler 243 (NS,Cape Sable Island 98), Black-throatedGray Warbler 1 (BC, White Rock 87;NS, Halifax [west] 85; ON, PortBurwell-Vienna 108; QC, Longueuil97 and Montreal 107; NS, White Point105; ON, Kettle Point 83 and Ottawa-Gatineau 85), Townsend’s Warbler 15(BC, Sooke 106), Hermit Warbler 1(NS, Broad Cove 95), Yellow-throatedWarbler 2 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth102), Pine Warbler 14 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 100), Prairie Warbler 1 (BC,Greater Masset 94; NL, Ferryland 99and St. John’s 94; NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 94 and Halifax [east] 84),Palm Warbler 15 (NS, Halifax [east]88), Bay-breasted Warbler 1 (NS, CapeSable Island 99 and 103), BlackpollWarbler 1 (NS, Cape Sable Island 98and 105 and Halifax-Dartmouth 102),Black-and-white Warbler 4 (NL, St.

John’s 94; NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 100),Ovenbird 1 (NL, St. John’s 91 and 109;NS, Bedford-Sackville 102 and Halifax-Dartmouth 100; ON, Kingston 84,Hamilton 66 and 97, Kitchener 105,London 101, Mindemoya 84, Ottawa-Gatineau 91, 93, and 99, Peel-HaltonCounties 91, and Toronto 107; PE,Hillsborough 97; QC, Longueuil 99),N. Waterthrush 2 (ON, Long Point 74),MacGillivray’s Warbler 1 (BC, Terrace103, Vancouver 101, and Victoria 68),Com. Yellowthroat 15 (ON, Long Point76), Hooded Warbler 1 (BC, Duncan103; NS, Halifax [west] 77), Wilson’sWarbler 2 (NL, Corner Brook 102),Yellow-breasted Chat 15 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 100).

Summer Tanager 1 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 109; ON, Deep River 102,Kingston 97, Kitchener 92 and 104 andPort Hope-Cobourg 99; QC, Lennoxville110 and Longueuil 99), W. Tanager 1(BC, Prince George 106, Vancouver 90and 98, and Victoria 63, 97, and 105;NS, Strait of Canso 106; ON, Peel-HaltonCounties 100 and Port Hope-Cobourg74), Red-crested Cardinal 1 ex (QC,Trois-Rivieres 85), Green-tailed Towhee1 (AB, Jasper 110; BC, Comox 85; QC,Longueuil 107), Spotted Towhee 1099(BC, Victoria 110), E. Towhee 21 (ON,St. Thomas 56), Am. Tree Sparrow 4500(ON, Long Point 68), ChippingSparrow 83 (ON, Cedar Creek 106),Clay-colored Sparrow 1 (BC, Ladner 83;MB, Brandon 105 and Winnipeg 102;NB, Sackville 99 and 106; NL,Ferryland 98 and St. John’s 84, 85, 97,98, 14, 105, and 110; NS, West Hants91, Cape Sable Island 106, Halifax-Dartmouth 109, Wolfville 92 and 108,and White Point 110), Field Sparrow140 (ON, St. Thomas 69), VesperSparrow 12 (ON, St. Thomas 60), LarkSparrow 1 (NB, Sackville 90; NL, CapeRace 93; NS, Antigonish 102, CapeSable Island 103, Glace Bay 106,Halifax-Dartmouth 96, 102, 104, and109, Halifax [east] 86, Lunenburg 102and 109, Port L’Hebert 91, and Strait ofCanso 97; ON, Moscow 86 and NiagaraFalls 105), Lark Bunting 1 (NS, Halifax[east] 60), Savannah Sparrow 112 (BC,Victoria 100), Savannah (Ipswich)

Sparrow 10 (NS, Halifax [east] 80).Grasshopper Sparrow 1 (NL, Cape

Race 85 and 91, and Ferryland 93 and102; NS, Cape Breton Highlands N.P.72, Broad Cove 72, Economy 95,Halifax-Dartmouth 110, Halifax [east]66 and 80, and Lunenburg 102; ON,Fisherville 104 and Ottawa-Gatineau94), Baird’s Sparrow 1 (BC, Nanaimo95), Le Conte’s Sparrow 1 (NS,Wolfville 109; ON, Kingston 106),Nelson’s Sparrow 20 (NS, Halifax [east]88), Seaside Sparrow 2 (NS, Halifax[east] 80), Fox Sparrow 923 (BC,Victoria 109), Eastern Fox Sparrow 3(ON, Fisherville 101), Song Sparrow7819 (BC, Ladner 102), Lincoln’sSparrow 89 (BC, Victoria 105), SwampSparrow 559 (ON, Long Point 85),White-throated Sparrow 1044 (NS,Broad Cove 77), Harris’s Sparrow 11(BC, Vernon 86), White-crownedSparrow 774 (BC, Ladner 76), Golden-crowned Sparrow 1331 (BC, Victoria109), Dark-eyed (Gray-headed) Junco 1(MB, Winnipeg 85 and 100), Dark-eyed(Oregon) Junco 8823 (BC, Victoria100), Dark-eyed (Pink-sided) Junco 2(ON, London 108), Dark-eyed (Slate-colored) Junco 3214 (ON, Long Point108), Dark-eyed (White-winged) Junco1 (BC, Duncan 89; ON, Hamilton 65),McCown’s Longspur 1 (SK, Govenlock83), Lapland Longspur 550 (ON,Kingston 97), Smith’s Longspur 2 (AB,Nanton 103), Little Bunting 1 (BC,Greater Masset 109), Rustic Bunting 1(SK, Creighton 110), Snow Bunting33,935 (SK, Raymore 83), McKay’sBunting 2 (BC, Vancouver 105).

N. Cardinal 870 (ON, London 109),Pyrrhuloxia 1 (ON, West Elgin 105),Rose-breasted Grosbeak 3 (NB, St.Stephen 106), Black-headed Grosbeak 1(BC, Chilliwack 73 and 109,Abbotsford-Mission 102, Kelowna 99,Nanaimo 105, and Pemberton-Mt.Currie 105; ON, Hamilton 74, KettlePoint 105, and Pakenham-Arnprior104), Blue Grosbeak 1 (QC, Quebec 90;NB, Fredericton 106), Indigo Bunting 2(ON, Meaford 73), Painted Bunting 1(NB, Grand Manan Island 109; NS,Halifax-Dartmouth 109 and Louisbourg97; ON, Toronto 79), Dickcissel 4 (NS,

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 119

St. Peters 70, Louisbourg 98, and Straitof Canso 106), Bobolink 1 (NS, Halifax[east] 74), Red-winged Blackbird10,278 (ON, Long Point 110), E.Meadowlark 249 (ON, St. Thomas 73),W. Meadowlark 189 (BC, Ladner 110),Yellow-headed Blackbird 3 (NS,Kingston 93), Rusty Blackbird 575(ON, Blenheim 85), Brewer’s Blackbird6217 (BC, Ladner 61), Com. Grackle4400 (ON, Wallaceburg 102), Great-tailed Grackle 1 (BC, Kelowna 102 and103, Vernon 94; ON, Long Point 89),Brown-headed Cowbird 30,000 (ON,Guelph 76), Hooded Oriole 1 (BC,

Terrace 98), Bullock’s Oriole 1 (BC,Kelowna 92 and 96, and Parksville-Qualicum Beach 107; NL, St. John’s108; NS, Strait of Canso 92, Halifax-Dartmouth 101, and Halifax [west] 70;ON, Woodhouse 81 and Dryden 102;QC, Quebec 97), Baltimore Oriole 28(NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 109).

Common Chaffinch 1 (NS, Bedford-Sackville 102; NS, Halifax [west] 89),Brambling 3 (BC, Port Clements 106),Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch 600 (BC,Penticton 87), Pine Grosbeak 1847(NL St. Anthony’s 75), Purple Finch1845 (NS, Broad Cove 92), Cassin’s

Finch 312 (BC, Vaseux Lake 89),House Finch 3020 (ON, St. Thomas89), Red Crossbill 3527 (ON,Algonquin P.P. 95), White-wingedCrossbill 8728 (ON, Algonquin P.P.85), Com. Redpoll 14159 (NB, CapeTormentine 92), Hoary Redpoll 340(SK, Regina 72), Pine Siskin 10,420(BC, Parksville-Qualicum Beach 104),Am. Goldfinch 2696 (NS, Wolfville92), Eur. Goldfinch 2 ex (QC,Longueuil 108), Evening Grosbeak2621 (ON, Ottawa-Gatineau 73),House Sparrow 23761 (MB, Winnipeg90).

120 AMERICAN BIRDS

Of potentially more interest are thepatterns we find among neotropicalmigrant species that do not have resi-dent populations south of the U.S.These are the species for which the U.S.and Canada bear most of the conserva-tion responsibility during the breedingseason, whereas their survival dependsupon the conservation of habitat southof the U.S. during the nonbreeding sea-son. This will be the subject of a separatepaper in progress. We have good abun-dance and trend information for manyof these species on their breedinggrounds as a result of the U.S.Geological Survey Breeding Bird Survey(Sauer et al 2008). And although wehave relatively good information aboutthe general nonbreeding distribution ofthese species (Rappole et al. 1983,Rappole et al. 1995), no survey existsthat is sufficient to estimate rangewidepopulation trends on their winteringgrounds. The CBC may eventually beable to meet this need, but until thattime there is still much to be learned bymining the CBC database.

AcknowledgmentsThanks to all the count participants,

count compilers, and regional editors fortheir work in submitting these data.Thanks to U.S. Fish and WildlifeService for a grant to complete dataentry for these counts and to Bill Howe,Stephanie Jones, and Steve Lewis foradvocating for this project within theFish and Wildlife Service.

Literature CitedButcher, G. S. 1990. Audubon Christmas Bird Count.

In: Sauer, J. A. & S. Droege (eds.): Survey designs

and statistical methods for the estimation of avian

population trends. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep.

90(1): 5-13.

Butcher, G. S. and C. E. McCulloch. 1990. Influence of

observer effort on the number of individual birds

recorded on Christmas Bird Counts. In: Sauer, J. A.

& S. Droege (eds.): Survey designs and statistical

methods for the estimation of avian population trends.

U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 90(1): 120-129.

Faaborg, J., R. T. Holmes, A. D. Anders, K. L. Bildstein, K.

M. Dugger, S. A. Gauthreaux Jr., P. Heglund, K. A.

Hobson, A. E. Jahn, D. H. Johnson, S. C. Latta, D. J.

Levey, P. P. Marra, C. L. Merkord, E. Nol, S. I.

Rothstein, T. W. Sherry, T. S. Sillett, F. R. Thompson III,

and N. Warnock. 2010a. Conserving migratory land

birds in the New World: Do we know enough?

Ecological Applications 20 (2) 398-418. 2010.

Faaborg, J., R. T. Holmes, A. D. Anders, K. L. Bildstein, K.

M. Dugger, S. A. Gauthreaux Jr., P. Heglund, K. A.

Hobson, A. E. Jahn, D. H. Johnson, S. C. Latta, D. J.

Levey, P. P. Marra, C. L. Merkord, E. Nol, S. I.

Rothstein, T. W. Sherry, T. S. Sillett, F. R. Thompson III,

and N. Warnock. 2010b. Recent advances in under-

standing migration systems of New World land birds.

Ecological Monographs 80 (1) 3-48. 2010.

Hagan, J. W., and D. W. Johnston. 1992. Ecology and

conservation of neotropical migrant landbirds.

Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

609 pp.

Keast, A., and E. S. Morton. 1980. Migrant birds in the

Neotropics: Ecology, behavior, distribution, and con-

servation. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, D.C.

LeBaron, G. S. 2010. Online bibliography Christmas

Bird Count Bibliography of Scientific Articles. Available

from: http://birds.audubon.org/christmas-bird-

count-bibliography-scientific-articles.

Link, W. A., J. R. Sauer, D. K. Niven. 2006. A hierarchi-

cal model for regional analysis of population

change using Christmas Bird Count data, with

application to the American Black Duck. Condor

108: 13-24

Martin, T. E., and D. M. Finch. 1995. Ecology and

Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds: A

Synthesis and Review of Critical Issues. Oxford

University Press, New York.

NABCI (North American Bird Conservation Initiative).

2009. State of the Birds United States of America

2009. U.S. Department of Interior, Washington D.C.,

36 pp.

NABCI (North American Bird Conservation Initiative).

2010. The State of the Birds 2010 Report on Climate

Change, United States of America. U.S. Department of

the Interior: Washington, DC. Available from:

http://www.stateofthebirds.org/pdf_files/State

%20of%20the%20Birds_FINAL.pdf.

National Audubon Society. 1973. The Seventy-third

Christmas Bird Count. American Birds 27(2): 135-138.

Niven, D. K., G. S. Butcher, and G. T. Bancroft. 2009.

Christmas Bird Counts and climate change: north-

ward shifts in early winter abundance. American

Birds 63: 10-15.

Rappole, J. H., E. S. Morton, T. E. Lovejoy, III, and J. L.

Ruos. 1983. Nearctic Avian Migrants in the Neotropics.

U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.

Rappole, J. H., E. S. Morton, T. H. Lovejoy III, and J. L.

Ruos. 1995. Nearctic Avian Migrants in the Neotropics,

2nd. Ed. Smithsonian Institution, Front Royal, VA.

Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2008. The North

American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and

Analysis 1966-2007. Version 5.15.2008. USGS

Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD.

Sauer, J. R., D. K. Niven, and W. A. Link. 2004.

Statistical analyses make the Christmas Bird Count

relevant for conservation. American Birds 58: 21-25.

A Summary of Christmas Bird Counts in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Bermuda continued from page 23

This summary covers 110 years ofChristmas Bird Counts in the UnitedStates. My predecessor, Burt Monroe,summarized the all-time highs (ATHs) forCBCs for the first time in 1973 and 1986and reported 726 species. Since then therehas been a considerable amount of split-ting of species and the addition of muchnew talent, along with better gear enteringthe birding field. I summarized the resultsin 2000 and reported 823 species and 45infraspecific forms. With the completionof the 110th CBC, we now have logged857 species, 66 infraspecific forms, and62 exotics. These records come from 45states and 477 CBCs.

Records occur as the number and skillsof observers, coordinated efforts, access toland, and environmental and biologicalforces merge to produce the “Best” results.However, records are fleeting and general-ly will be broken. A testimony to this isthat most records are stacked closest totoday, with the fewest at the start of CBChistory. Records occurring within 10-yearincrements of CBCs are as follows: 100thto 110th = 29 percent, 91st to 100th = 20percent, 81st to 90th = 19 percent, 71st to80th = 16 percent, 61st to 70th = 9 per-cent, and prior to the 60th = 7 percent.The real interesting ones are the 95records that are older than 50 years. Eachof these is boldfaced.

These records are the history of peopletrying to survey the early winter avifau-na—those with a quest to bringrecognition to their area and themselves, azest for counting birds because “that iswhat birders do,” and the actual conspic-uousness and status of birds within theconfines of CBCs. As you read the sum-maries of these records, try to visualize theconditions needed to produce the results.What was it like to find 89 Heath Hens atEdgartown, MA, during the ninth, 4Ivory-billed Woodpeckers at Tallulah, LA,during the 34th, 25 Dusky SeasideSparrows at Titusville, FL, during the36th, 8 Oahu Alauahio at Honolulu, HI,during the 41st, two million NorthernPintails at Sacramento Refuge, CA, dur-ing the 45th, or more than 100 millionbirds at Pine Prairie, LA, during the 87thcounts? These situations may never occuragain. They, along with all of the otherrecords, were assuredly unique and spe-cial. Spend some time contemplating howthey were produced.

Statewise, California maintained itsfirst place with all-time highs for 161species and 15 infraspecific forms, fol-lowed closely by Texas with 154 speciesand 7 forms. Hawaii had 117 and 10,Florida 115 and 5, Arizona 85 and 5,Alaska 41 and 2, Louisiana 34 and 2,Massachusetts 24 and 2, North Carolina18 and 2, Oregon 18 species, Washingtonwith 16 and 3, and New York andVirginia with 13 and one each.

The top 20 count localities have beenresponsible for at least nine ATHs each, asfollows: 34 species and one form atHonolulu, HI; 26 species and two at CootBay, FL; 22 species at Anzalduas-Bentsen,TX; 21 species at Santa Ana, TX; 19 andone at Fort Lauderdale, FL; 18 and one atOrange Co. (coastal); CA, 16 species atFreeport, TX; 14 and one at LagunaAtascosa N.W.R., TX; 13 and 2 atNogales, AZ; 12 species at MatagordaCounty-Mad Island Marsh, TX; 11 andone at Laysan Island, HI; 10 and 5 at SanDiego, CA; 10 species at AtascosaHighlands, AZ, and Cocoa, FL; 9 and 3 atVolcano, HI; 9 and one at MontereyPeninsula and Santa Barbara, CA; and 9species at Patagonia and Tucson Valley,AZ, and Point Reyes Peninsula, CA.

The format for listing is as follows:species name followed by number of indi-viduals; (within parenthesis, state namefollowed by CBC name and count(s) inwhich results were obtained; states areseparated by semicolon and multipleCBCs within a state by a comma).Seasons for records greater than 50 yearswill be boldfaced.

Black-bellied Whistling-Duck 8893(TX, Weslaco 106), Fulvous Whistling-Duck 2100 (FL, STA5-Clewiston 110),Egyptian Goose 37 ex (CA, Orange Co.[coastal] 108; FL, Dade Co. 109), SwanGoose 8 ex (FL, Kendall Area 110), BeanGoose 3 (AK, Shemya Is. 108), Pink-foot-ed Goose 1 (DE, Bombay Hook N.W.R.54; NY, L.I.: Montauk 108), GreaterWhite-fronted Goose 350,000 (KS,Quivira N.W.R. 105), Lesser White-fronted Goose 1 (OH, Tiffin 94; PA,Pittsburgh 78), Greylag Goose 19 ex (FL,Bay Co. 108), Bar-headed Goose 1 ex(CA, Long beach-El Dorado 109; IL,Crab Orchard N.W.R. 62, and MiddleFork River Valley 88), Emperor Goose3273 (AK, Izembek N.W.R.105), SnowGoose 400,000 (KS, Quivira N.W.R.

103), Snow (white form) Goose 380,000(KS, Quivira N.W.R. 103), Snow (blueform) Goose 237,270 (LA, Crowley 90),Snow (Greater) Goose 15,000 (VA, BackBay N.W.R. 46), Ross’s Goose 65,000(CA, Peace Valley 83), Ross’s (blue form)Goose 1 (CA, China Lake 106, 109, PeaceValley 100, 107, Salton Sea [south] 97,Tule Lake 85; CO, Rocky Ford 102; KY,Bowling Green 101; MD, Denton 100;TX, McNary 107), Brant (hrota) 140,000(NJ, Oceanville 56, 57), Brant (nigricans)27,927 (WA, Padilla Bay 92), BarnacleGoose 2 (OK, Tishomingo N.W.R. 80),Cackling Goose 215,000 (CA, SacramentoN.W.R. 50), Cackling (Aleutian) Goose34,000 (CA, Caswell-Westley 100),Canada Goose 381,200 (KS, QuiviraN.W.R. 98), Hawaiian Goose 261 (HI,Kaua’i: Kapa’a 110), Mute Swan 2292(MI, Rockwood 105), Black Swan 6 ex(TX, Austin 96), Trumpeter Swan 2791(WA, Skagit Bay 110), Tundra Swan53,366 (NC, Pettigrew S.P. 109), Bewick’sSwan 8 (CA, Marysville 108), WhooperSwan 4 (AK, Adak 75), Whooper Swan 13ex (MA, Newburyport 99).

Ruddy Shelduck 4 ex (FL, W. VolusiaCo. 102, 103), Com. Shelduck 1 ex (NH,Laconia-New Hampton 76; OH, Salem84), Muscovy Duck 440 (FL, Naples109), Wood Duck 7525 (LA, Claiborne106), Mandarin Duck 23 ex (CA,Sonoma Valley 106), Gadwall 100,630(CA, Peace Valley 94), Falcated Duck 1(CA, Honey Lake 103; OR, Eugene 105),Eur. Wigeon 112 (WA, Padilla Bay 109),Am. Wigeon 455,000 (CA, Peace Valley80), Am. Black Duck 36,000 (NJ,Oceanville 66), Mallard 879,000 (AR, St.Charles 56), Mallard (Mexican Duck)267 (AZ, Ramsey Canyon 105), MottledDuck 2137 (TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R.100), Mottled (Florida) Duck 910 (FL,West Palm Beach 69), Hawaiian Duck552 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a 109), LaysanDuck 483 (HI, Laysan Is. 105), Blue-winged Teal 8525 (FL, Myakka River S.P.82), Cinnamon Teal 2836 (CA,Sacramento 109), N. Shoveler 128,088(CA, Peace Valley 107), N. Pintail2,310,700 (CA, Sacramento Refuge 45),Baikal Teal 1 (CA, La Purisima 106),White-cheeked Pintail 1 (TX, LagunaAtascosa N.W.R. 79), White-cheekedPintail 18 ex (KS, Byron Walker WildlifeArea 77), Garganey 2 (HI, Hawai’i: NorthKona 89, O’ahu: Waipi’o 91), Green-winged

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 121

All-time Highest Counts of Individual Species on United States CBCsBrent Ortego

2805 North Navarro, Suite 600B, Victoria, TX 77901; brent.ortego@tpwd.state.tx.us

(Am.) Teal 96,239 (CA, Los Baños 91),Green-winged (Eur.) Teal 404 (AK,Amchitka Is. 80).

Canvasback 91,000 (MD, SusquehannaFlats-Sassafras River 53), Redhead555,157 (TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R.54), Red-crested Pochard 2 ex (FL,Jonathan Dickinson S.P. 104; LA, NewOrleans 106), Ring-necked Duck 82,500(LA, Catahoula N.W.R. 87), Tufted Duck19 (AK, Adak 94), Greater Scaup 57,529(NY, L.I.: Queens 54), Lesser Scaup500,000 (FL, Cocoa 109), Steller’s Eider5858 (AK, Izembek N.W.R. 82),Spectacled Eider 2 (AK, Izembek N.W.R.106), King Eider 570 (AK, Kodiak 90),Com. Eider 500,000 (MA, MonomoyPoint 52), Harlequin Duck 1136 (AK,Unalaska Is. 110), Surf Scoter 64,381(NY, L.I.: Sagaponack 105), White-winged Scoter 26,000 (MA, MonomoyPoint 53), Black Scoter 42,600 (MA,Martha’s Vineyard 103), Long-tailedDuck 525,505 (MA, Nantucket 103),Bufflehead 13,499 (CA, Point Reyes Pen.107), Com. Goldeneye 13,500 (WI,Hales Corner 58), Barrow’s Goldeneye3812 (ID, Lewiston-Clarkston 107),Smew 4 (AK, Adak 74), HoodedMerganser 4174 (MS, Noxubee N.W.R.94), Com. Merganser 70,000 (KS,Waconda Lake 103), Com. (Eur.)Merganser 2 (AK, Amchitka Is. 78), Red-breasted Merganser 91,526 (OH, LakeErie Is. 92), Masked Duck 13 (TX,Welder Wildlife Refuge 69), Ruddy Duck152,688 (VA, Williamsburg 97).

Plain Chachalaca 336 (TX, Santa AnaN.W.R. 84), Chukar 485 (OR, Ruggs-Hardman 81), Gray Francolin 69 (HI,(Maui: Pu’u O Kali 80), Black Francolin30 (HI, Moloka’i: Kualapu’u 98), Erckel’sFrancolin 61 (HI, Kaua’i: Waimea 100),Gray Partridge 651 (ND, Jamestown 78),Red Junglefowl 208 (HI, Kaua’i: Waimea97), Kalij Pheasant 34 (HI, Hawai’i:Volcano 88), Silver Pheasant 1 ex (OR,Portland 43), Ring-necked Pheasant 6000(SD, Lacreek N.W.R. 82), Ring-necked(Blue) Pheasant 17 (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano75), Ring-necked (Green) Pheasant 14(HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 78; VA, CapeCharles 82), Ring-necked (White-winged) Pheasant 125 (ND, NinepipeN.W.R. 79), Ring-necked (Mongolian)Pheasant 117 (WA, Yakima 15), GoldenPheasant 5 ex (IL, Moline 9), CommonPeafowl 65 ex (CA, Palos Verdes Pen. 78),Ruffed Grouse 98 (ME, Bath-Phippsburg-Georgetown-Woolwich 79), GreaterSage-Grouse 698 (WY, Evanston 86),Gunnison Sage-Grouse 15 (CO, Gunnison

69), Spruce Grouse 27 (AK, Anchorage96), Willow Ptarmigan 1023 (AK,Sanningaruq 89), Rock Ptarmigan 114(AK, Unalaska Is. 108), White-tailedPtarmigan 28 (CO, Rocky Mountain N.P.68), Sooty Grouse 28 (OR, Cottage Grove76), Dusky Grouse 17 (WY, Casper 80),Sharp-tailed Grouse 852 (SD, Pierre 52),Greater Prairie-Chicken 322 (NE,Calamus-Loup 95), Greater (Attwater’s)Prairie-Chicken 38 (TX, Attwater PrairieChicken N.W.R. 104), Greater (HeathHen) Prairie-Chicken 95 QN (MA,Edgartown 9), Lesser Prairie-Chicken 443(OK, Arnett 67), Wild Turkey 1562 (SD,Sturgis 108), Wild (Merriam’s) Turkey 10(AZ, Santa Catalina Mountains 44),Helmeted Guineafowl 4 ex (CA, Longbeach-El Dorado 105), Mountain Quail235 (CA, Oakridge 78), Scaled Quail1083 (AZ, Elfrida 102), Elegant Quail 5ex (AZ, Nogales 69), California Quail8243 (OR, Burns 106), Gambel’s Quail3995 (AZ, Salt-Verde Rivers 94), N.Bobwhite 1041 (KS, Manhattan 83),Montezuma Quail 268 (AZ, AtascosaHighlands 109).

Red-throated Loon 8076 (VA, CapeCharles 104), Arctic Loon 1 (CA, MorroBay 92 and Point Reyes Pen. 102; NC,Wilmington 105; WA, Wahkiakum 108),Pacific Loon 7277 (CA, Marin Co.[southern] 83), Com. Loon 2500 (NC,Morehead City 81), Yellow-billed Loon32 (AK, Cordova 75), Least Grebe 384(TX, La Sal Vieja 105), Pied-billed Grebe3233 (AL, Guntersville 101), HornedGrebe 2683 (VA, Back Bay N.W.R. 67),Red-necked Grebe 635 (WA, Oak Harbor94), Eared Grebe 500,000 (CA, MonoLake 88), W. Grebe 55,634 (CA, ClearLake 105), Clark’s Grebe 6643 (CA, ClearLake 107), Laysan Albatross 779,124 (HI,Midway Atoll 110), Black-footedAlbatross 62,516 (HI, Laysan Is. 97),Short-tailed Albatross 2 (HI, MidwayAtoll 100, 108, 110), N. Fulmar 3018(CA, Point Reyes Pen. 103), BermudaPetrel 1 (NC, Continental Shelf 85),Black-capped Petrel 115 (NC,Continental Shelf 83), Bonin Petrel50,000 (HI, Laysan Is. 95), Cory’sShearwater 1 (FL, Cocoa 102, DryTortugas N.P. 109, Jacksonville 82, andW. Palm Beach 78; MA Cape Cod 80),Pink-footed Shearwater 100 (CA, OrangeCo. [coastal] 59), Flesh-footed Shearwater17 (CA, Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad 75),Greater Shearwater 5 (MA, StellwagenBank 100; ME, Greater Portland 102),Wedge-tailed Shearwater 15 (HI, Kaua’i:Kapa’a 74), Buller’s Shearwater 2 (CA,

Crystal Springs 86), Sooty Shearwater1500 (OR, Tilamook Bay 50), Short-tailed Shearwater 312 (CA, Del Norte Co.87), Christmas Shearwater 2 (HI, JohnsonAtoll N.W.R. 100), Manx Shearwater1500 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 82),Newell’s Shearwater cw (HI, Kaua’i:Kapa’a 75, 80 and Kaua’i: Lihu’e 74),Black-vented Shearwater 10,233 (CA,Thousand Oaks 110), Audubon’sShearwater 8 (FL, Biscayne N.P. 88),Slender-billed Shearwater 1 (CA, SanDiego 56), Short-tailed Shearwater/SootyShearwater 430 (CA, Monterey Pen. 110),Wilson’s Storm-Petrel 351 (NC,Continental Shelf 87), Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel 3 (CA, Año Nuevo 98), Leach’sStorm-Petrel 6(WA, Tacoma 96), AshyStorm-Petrel 20 (CA, Monterey Pen. 66),Black Storm-Petrel 600 (CA, MontereyBay 84), Tristram’s Storm-Petrel 100 (HI,Laysan Is. 97).

White-tailed Tropicbird 101 (HI,Moloka’i: Kualapu’u 105), Red-billedTropicbird 1 (HI, French Frigate Shoals,Johnsons Atoll N.W.R. 100), Red-tailedTropicbird 326 (HI, Johnson AtollN.W.R. 95), Masked Booby 724 (HI,Kaua’i: Kapa’a 81), Blue-footed Booby 1(CA, Los Angeles 82 and Salton Sea[south] 107; NV, Henderson 72; TX,Bastrop-Buescher State Parks 95), BrownBooby 504 (HI, Johnson Atoll N.W.R.100), Brown (Brewster’s) Booby 1 (HI,Laysan Is. 109), Red-footed Booby 2823(HI, French Frigate Shoals 107), N.Gannet 34,683 (MA, Cape Cod 91), Am.White Pelican 15,956 (CA, Salton Sea[south] 107), Brown Pelican 8260 (NC,Cape Hatteras 106), Brandt’s Cormorant28,728 (CA, Tomales Bay 66), NeotropicCormorant 5906 (LA, Sabine N.W.R.84), Double-crested Cormorant 166,000(TX, Trinidad 101), Great Cormorant3482 (RI, Newport Co.-Westport 85),Red-faced Cormorant 48 (AK, Adak 90),Pelagic Cormorant 5504 (CA, Marin Co.[southern] 76), Anhinga 891 (FL,Lakeland 84), Magnificent Frigatebird550 (FL, Sanibel-Captiva 72), GreatFrigatebird 3176 (HI, French FrigateShoals 87), Lesser Frigatebird 1 (HI,French Frigate Shoals 90, 96, 107, 108and Laysan Is. 98), Am. Bittern 159 (CA,Los Baños 80), Least Bittern 79 (FL, W.Palm Beach 84), Bare-throated Tiger-Heron 1 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 110),Great Blue Heron 1391 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 60), Great Blue (blueform) Heron 900 (TX, Matagorda Co.-Mad Is. Marsh 108), Great Blue (whiteform) Heron 866 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades

122 AMERICAN BIRDS

N.P.78), Great Blue (Wurdemann’s)Heron 10 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P.109, 110 and Lower Keys 68), GreatEgret 8071 (LA, New Orleans 85), SnowyEgret 10,101 (LA, New Orleans 85),Little Blue Heron 5727 (FL, Monroe 53),Tricolored Heron 3728 (LA, New Orleans86), Reddish Egret 821 (TX, Coastal Tip93), Reddish (white morph) Egret 2 (TX,Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. 57, CorpusChristi [Flour Bluff ] 105), Cattle Egret10,524 (LA, Pine Prairie 95), GreenHeron 478 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P.61), Black-crowned Night-Heron 1936(CA, Sacramento 110), Yellow-crownedNight-Heron 567 (TX, Coastal Tip 98),White Ibis 33,867 (LA, Reserve-BonnetCarre Spillway 93), Scarlet Ibis 2 ex (FL,Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 68 and FortLauderdale 75), Glossy Ibis 2800 (FL,Sta5-Clewiston 110), White-faced Ibis60,291 (LA, Crowley 95), Sacred Ibis 15 ex(FL, Kendall Area 108), Roseate Spoonbill1750 (LA, Johnsons Bayou 90), WoodStork 3615 (FL, Coot Bay-EvergladesN.P. 66).

Black Vulture 2300 (FL, Econlochatchee108), Turkey Vulture 10,170 (FL, PonceInlet 93), California Condor 13 (CA,Sespe Wildlife Area 69), Greater Flamingo40 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 99,105), 360 ex (FL, Dade Co. 109), Osprey629 (FL, Merritt Is. N.W.R. 94), Hook-billed Kite 7 (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R. 93),Swallow-tailed Kite 1 (FL, Marianna 72,Myakka River S.P. 104, N. Pinellas 80;LA, Lafayette 69), White-tailed Kite 431(CA, Creighton Ranch 84), Snail Kite 51(FL, Kissimmee Valley 108), MississippiKite 1 (FL, Lower Keys 87; TX, LagunaAtascosa N.W.R. 103), Bald Eagle 3284(AK, Haines 94), N. Harrier 627 (CA,Tule Lake 89), Sharp-shinned Hawk 81(NJ, Cape May 103), Cooper’s Hawk 66(AZ, Tucson Valley 110), N. Goshawk 15(ID, Idaho Falls 93), Crane Hawk 1 (TX,Santa Ana N.W.R. 88), Com. Black-Hawk 4 (TX, Harlingen 38), Harris’sHawk 146 (TX, La Sal Vieja 93),Roadside Hawk 1 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 83), Red-shouldered Hawk 280(TX, Freeport 85), Broad-winged Hawk30 (FL, Marathon-Grassy Key 66), GrayHawk 18 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 108),Short-tailed Hawk 16 (FL, Key West107), Swainson’s Hawk 22 (FL,Marathon-Grassy Key 66), Great Black-Hawk 1 ex (FL, Dade Co. 105),White-tailed Hawk 82 (TX, AttwaterPrairie Chicken N.W.R. 106), Zone-tailed Hawk 4 (TX, Del Rio 101, FalconDam S.P. 90, 103), Hawaiian Hawk 14

(HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 81), Red-tailedHawk 742 (LA, Crowley 89), Red-tailed(Harlan’s) Hawk 38 (OK, Stillwater 75),Red-tailed (Krider’s) Hawk 7 (TX,Cypress Creek 80), Ferruginous Hawk 93(CO, Denver [urban] 89), Rough-leggedHawk 253 (MT, Ninepipe N.W.R. 99),Golden Eagle 82 (UT, Bear RiverMigratory Bird Refuge 54), CrestedCaracara 255 (TX, Matagorda Co. - MadIs. Marsh 106), Yellow-headed Caracara 1ex (CA, Centerville Beach to King Salmon108), Am. Kestrel 537 (CA, Sacramento81), Merlin 41 (AZ, Havasu N.W.R. 105),Aplomado Falcon 7 (TX, Laguna AtascosaN.W.R. 106), Gyrfalcon 4 (AK, IzembekN.W.R. 95; MT, Ninepipe N.W.R. 91),Peregrine Falcon 23 (CA, Point Reyes Pen.110; NY, L.I.: S. Nassau Co. 110), PrairieFalcon 28 (NV, Fallon 89, 95).

Yellow Rail 25 (TX, Freeport 87), BlackRail 25 (CA, Benicia 99), Clapper Rail920 (FL, Jacksonville 76), Clapper(Yuma) Rail 8 (AZ, Havasu N.W.R. 110),Clapper (W.) Rail 79 (CA, Orange Co.[coastal] 82), King Rail 317 (FL, Cocoa76), Virginia Rail 462 (CA, Benicia 96),Sora 596 (FL, Cocoa 78), Purple Swamphen40 ex (FL, Sta5-Clewiston 110), PurpleGallinule 167 (FL, Lakeland 107), Com.Moorhen 5352 (LA, Sabine N.W.R. 84),Com. (Hawaiian) Moorhen 326 (HI,Kaua’i: Kapa’a 1100, Hawaiian Coot2202 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 59), Am.Coot 230,000 (TX, Lake Conroe 80),Am. (Caribbean) Coot 8 (FL, FortLauderdale 75), Limpkin 94 (FL, St.Marks 73), Sandhill Crane 104,000 (TX,Muleshoe N.W.R. 78), Com. Crane 1 ex (NJ,Cumberland Co. 110), Whooping Crane114 (TX, Aransas N.W.R. 98), PaintedButtonquail 7 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a 74).

N. Lapwing 1 (AL, Eufaula N.W.R. 96;DE, Bombay Hook N.W.R. 100), Black-bellied Plover 10,438 (CA, Palo Alto 95),Am. Golden-Plover 2 (FL, Lone Pine Key106), Pacific Golden-Plover 2046 (HI,O’ahu: Honolulu 89), Snowy Plover 738(CA, Hayward-Fremont 105), Wilson’sPlover 204 (FL, Sanibel-Captiva 85),Com. Ringed Plover 1 (HI, Midway Atoll100), Semipalmated Plover 10,914 (CA,Hayward-Fremont 100), Piping Plover350 (FL, St. Petersburg 52), Killdeer11,270 (LA, Crowley 95), MountainPlover 1156 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]58), Am. Oystercatcher 8100 (SC,Charleston 71), Black Oystercatcher 902(AK, Kodiak 106), Black-necked Stilt5226 (CA, Hayward-Fremont 90), Black-necked (Hawaiian) Stilt 531 (HI, Maui:I’ao Valley 105), Am. Avocet 8509 (CA,

San Jose 80), N. Jacana 3 (TX, Santa AnaN.W.R. 79), Spotted Sandpiper 409 (FL,Gulf Circle, Manatee Co. 94), SolitarySandpiper 22 (TX, Laguna AtascosaN.W.R. 104), Wandering Tattler 120 (HI,Laysan Is. 101), Spotted Redshank 1 (NY,L.I.: Brooklyn 93, 94), Greater Yellowlegs1216 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 54),Willet 20,788 (TX, Laguna AtascosaN.W.R. 56), Lesser Yellowlegs 2980 (LA,Crowley 94), Upland Sandpiper 8 (TX,Houston 66), Whimbrel 3119 (TX, LaSalVieja 66), (Eur.) Whimbrel 1 (DE,Rehoboth 85, 97), Bristle-thighed Curlew104) (HI, Laysan Is. 97), Long-billedCurlew 6293 (CA, Salton Sea [south]105), Black-tailed Godwit 1 (HI, I’aoValley 101; NC, Bodie-Pea Is. 80),Hudsonian Godwit 1 (FL, Alafia Banks100, 101, St. Augustine 48, and St. Marks93; NC, Bodie-Pea Is. 81; TX, AransasN.W.R. 73), Bar-tailed Godwit 1 (CA,Orange Co. [coastal] 110; FL, Cocoa 71;HI, Laysan Is. 106, O’ahu: Honolulu 68;MA, Plymouth 98, 99; VA, ChincoteagueN.W.R. 74), Marbled Godwit 18,943(CA, Hayward-Fremont 75).

Ruddy Turnstone 2936 (HI, Laysan Is.100), Black Turnstone 827 (CA, PointReyes Pen. 76), Surfbird 1280 (OR,Corvallis 95), Red Knot 4245 (FL, St.Petersburg 70), Sanderling 25,500 (WA,Willapa N.W.R., Ilwaco, Pacific Co. 45),Semipalmated Sandpiper 10 (FL, KeyLargo-Plantation Key 108), W. Sandpiper70,000 (TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R.84), Least Sandpiper 51,000 (FL, CootBay-Everglades N.P. 51), White-rumpedSandpiper 5 (TX, Huntsville 67), Baird’sSandpiper 35 (TX, Huntsville 67), PectoralSandpiper 30 (TX, Galveston 65), Sharp-tailed Sandpiper 4 (HI, Midway Atoll 102and O’ahu: Waipi’o 78), PurpleSandpiper 2000 (ME, Penobscot Bay 71),Rock Sandpiper 3400 (AK, Homer 96),Dunlin 151,330 (WA, Skagit Bay 102),Curlew Sandpiper 1 (HI, Oahu:Waipi’o109; OR, Coos Bay 106), Stilt Sandpiper2000 (TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. 96),Buff-breasted Sandpiper 1 (LA, Creole103), Ruff 3 (HI, Laysan Is. 108 andMoloka’i: Kualapu’u 108), Short-billedDowitcher 8796 (CA, Crystal Springs 92),Long-billed Dowitcher 44,272 (LA,Crowley 93), Jack Snipe 1 (OR, Eugene109), Wilson’s Snipe 2339 (LA, Crowley90), Eur. Woodcock 1 (NJ, Cape May56), Am. Woodcock 570 (VA, CapeCharles 94), Wilson’s Phalarope 271 (TX,La Sal Vieja 103), Red-necked Phalarope320 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 60), RedPhalarope 9337 (CA, Monterey Pen. 88).

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 123

Laughing Gull 251,000 (TX, Houston110), Franklin’s Gull 4000 (OK,Tishomingo N.W.R. 80), Little Gull 17(NY, Rochester 80), Black-headed Gull64 (NY, Rockland Co. 86), Bonaparte’sGull 148,000 (PA, Erie 89), Heermann’sGull 13,563 (CA, Palos Verdes Pen. 71),Gray Gull 1 (LA, Sabine N.W.R. 88),Black-tailed Gull 1 (AK, Kodiak 81; CA,San Diego 98, 107; NC, Bodie-Pea Is.102; VA, Cape Charles 99, ChesapeakeBay 99, 100, and Little Creek 99, 102),Mew Gull 20,000 (OR, Tillamook Bay74), Ring-billed Gull 600,000 (NC, CapeHatteras 84), California Gull 27,650(CA, Folsom 109), Herring Gull 145,249(PA, Southern Bucks Co. 105), Yellow-legged Gull 1 (MA, Nantucket 101; VA,Back Bay N.W.R. 98), Thayer’s Gull 810(CA, Arroyo Cheap Thrills 84), IcelandGull 226 (ME, Eastport 97), Iceland(glaucoides) Gull 1 (NY, Buffalo 78 andL.I.: Queens 99), Kumlien’s Gull 23(MA, Newburyport 78), Lesser Black-backed Gull 344 (PA, Central Bucks Co.107), Slaty-backed Gull 1 (AK, Cordova83, 94, Homer 96, Ketchikan 94, 95,Kodiak 95, Shemya Is. 108, Soldotna108, and Unalaska Is. 108, 110; CA,Clear Lake 108; IL, Carlyle Lake 108;MA, Cape Cod 108; MN, Bloomington107; NY, Buffalo 93; OR, Sauvie Is. 93,98; WA, Everett 106, 109, Grays Harbor108, Port Angeles-BC, Victoria 101,Olympia 105, and Sequim-Dungeness110), Yellow-footed Gull 22 (CA, SaltonSea [south] 92), W. Gull 25,000 CA,Farallon Is. 76, 89), Glaucous-wingedGull 16,391 (OR, Portland 62), GlaucousGull 1500 (CA, Contra Costa Co. 71),Great Black-backed Gull 45,115 (NY,Staten Is. 90), Kelp Gull 1 (MD,Patuxent River 99-105; TX, Freeport109, Galveston 97, and San BernardN.W.R. 109), Sabine’s Gull 1 (CA,Monterey Pen. 85, Orange Co. [coastal]62, Santa Monica Bay 80, and WesternSonoma Co. 70; CO, Longmont 66; KY,Land Between the Lakes 107; NY,Buffalo 96, Captree 69, Dunkirk-Fredonia 108, and L.I.: Fire Is. 69; OH,Ashtabula 53 and Toledo 75; OR, CoosBay 79, 82, and Tillamook Bay 96; TX,Lake Tawakoni 95; VA, Little Creek 104),Black-legged Kittiwake 29,360 (MA,Cape Cod 84), Ross’s Gull 1 (TN,Reelfoot Lake 86), Ivory Gull 1 (AK,Soldotna 107; CT, Hartford 76; IL,Chicago Lakefront 92; MA, Marshfield62 and Newburyport 76; ME, MonheganIs. 87; NJ, Atlantic Ocean off of NJ 82;WA, Grays Harbor 76).

Brown Noddy 4476 (HI, FrenchFrigate Shoals 90), Black (Hawaiian)Noddy 5272 (HI, French Frigate Shoals104), Blue-gray Noddy 12 (HI, FrenchFrigate Shoals 88), White Tern 1235 (HI,Midway Atoll 104), Sooty Tern 15,000(HI, Johnson Atoll N.W.R. 100), Gray-backed Tern 101 (HI, French FrigateShoals 87), Bridled Tern 2 (NC,Continental Shelf 85), Least Tern 59 (TX,Coastal Tip 100), Gull-billed Tern 341(TX, Brownsville, 87), Caspian Tern 679(TX, Coastal Tip 100), Black Tern 15(TX, LaSal Vieja 72), Roseate Tern 40(FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 83), Com.Tern 545 (CA, W. Sonoma Co. 88), ArcticTern 2 (OR, Portland 34), Forster’s Tern10,313 (TX, Freeport 97), Royal Tern3216 (FL, South Brevard Co. 79), GreatCrested Tern 1 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 89,90), Sandwich Tern 2520 (FL, Sanibel-Captiva 105), Elegant Tern 25 (CA, SantaCruz Co. 95), Black Skimmer 7000 (FL,St. Augustine 47), Great Skua 7 (MD,Baltimore Canyon 79), South Polar Skua1 (OR, Florence 89), Pomarine Jaeger 40(HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 79, 81), ParasiticJaeger 29 (FL, Merritt Is. N.W.R. 109),Long-tailed Jaeger 1 (AL, Fort Morgan80; FL, West Palm Beach 33; NC,Continental Shelf 85), Dovekie 2700(ME, Eastport 72), Com. Murre 129,000(OR, Tillamook Bay 105), Thick-billedMurre 1171 (MA, Cape Cod 77),Razorbill 6512 (MA, Cape Cod 99),Black Guillemot 179 (ME, Moose Is.-Jonesport 84), Pigeon Guillemot 1221(WA, Sequim-Dungeness 90), Long-billedMurrelet 1 (CA, Marin Co. [southern] 98;NC, Morehead City 103; TN, ReelfootLake 103), Marbled Murrelet 1478 (AK,Glacier Bay 93), Kittlitz’s Murrelet 6 (AK,Unalaska Is. 98), Xantus’s Murrelet 20(CA, Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad 70),Craveri’s Murrelet 2 (CA, Crystal Springs107), Ancient Murrelet 2857 (WA,Sequim-Dungeness 105), Cassin’s Auklet105,000 (CA, Farallon Is.s 76), ParakeetAuklet 3 (AK, Kodiak 82, 100), LeastAuklet 56 (AK, Unalaska Is. 98),Whiskered Auklet 11 (AK, Unalaska Is.101, 103), Crested Auklet 14,433 (AK,Narrow Cape-Kalsin Bay 106)Rhinoceros Auklet 12,750 (CA, MontereyPen. 75), Atlantic Puffin 22 (ME, Bay ofFundy 68), Horned Puffin 2 (AK, Homer85, Kodiak 87, and Seward-Kodiak 87),Tufted Puffin 18 (AK, Adak 69).

Rock Pigeon 16,604 (OH, Hamilton-Fairfield 109), Chinese Pigeon 10 ex (CA,Los Angeles 31), White-crowned Pigeon142 (FL, Key Largo-Plantation Key 75),

Red-billed Pigeon 72 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 63), Band-tailed Pigeon 7636(CA, Marin Co. [southern] 78), RingedTurtle-Dove 325 (FL, St. Petersburg 90),Eur. Collared-Dove 2380 (FL, Lakeland100), Spotted Dove 2774 (HI, O’ahu:Honolulu 86), Zebra Dove 8739 (HI,O’ahu: Honolulu 89), White-wingedDove 42,521 (NM, Las Cruces 104),Zenaida Dove 1 (FL, Marathon-GrassyKey 65), Mourning Dove 25,678 (PA,Bethlehem-Easton 82), Inca Dove 3932(AZ, Tucson Valley 81), Com. GroundDove 835 (TX, LaSal Vieja 67), RuddyGround-Dove 28 (AZ, Phoenix-Tres Rios106), White-tipped Dove 141 (TX, SantaAna N.W.R. 81).

Budgerigar 5400 (FL, St. Petersburg78), Cockatiel 6 ex (FL, Bradenton 93),Salmon-crested Cockatoo 2 ex (HI,O’ahu: Honolulu 104), Sulphur-crestedCockatoo 4 ex (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu105, 107), Greater Sulphur-crestedCockatoo 1 ex (FL, Dade Co. 90),Eclectus Parrot 1 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu73, 104), Senegal Parrot 1 ex (TX,Kingsville 89, 90), Peach-faced Lovebird32 ex (AZ, Salt-Verde Rivers 105), Yellow-collared Lovebird 7 ex (AZ, Carefree 100),Rose-ringed Parakeet 1129 (CA,Bakersfield 110), Monk Parakeet 800 (FL,St. Petersburg 106), Maroon-belliedParakeet 10 ex (FL, Dade Co. 92), Green-cheeked Parakeet 1 ex (FL, Dade Co.96,98), Reddish-bellied Parakeet 22 ex(FL, Dade Co. 89), Green Parakeet 819(TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 109), Red-masked Parakeet 355 ex (FL, FortLauderdale 101), Crimson-fronted Parakeet12 ex (WA, Seattle 101), Mitred Parakeet680 ex (CA, Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley110), Hispaniolan Parakeet 4 ex (FL,Dade Co. 78), Orange-fronted Parakeet 6ex (CA, Los Angeles 85), Blue-crownedParakeet 160 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale109), Dusky-headed Parakeet 71 ex (FL,Dade Co. 91), Scarlet-fronted Parakeet 15ex (FL, Dade Co. 109), White-eyedParakeet 139 ex (FL, Dade Co. 110),Black-hooded Parakeet 835 (FL, St.Petersburg 108).

Chestnut-fronted Macaw 32 ex (FL,Fort Lauderdale 103), Blue-and-yellowMacaw 14 ex (FL, Kendall Area 110),Military Macaw cw (HI, Maui: Pu’u OKaka’e 92), Thick-billed Parrot 3 (AZ,Portal 87), Orange-chinned Parakeet 4 ex(FL, Dade Co. 76), Canary-wingedParakeet 489 (FL, Dade Co. 89), White-winged Parakeet 225 (FL, Fort Lauderdale103), Yellow-chevroned Parakeet 181 (FL,Dade Co. 105), Scaly-headed Parrot 7 ex

124 AMERICAN BIRDS

(FL, Dade Co. 107), White-crownedParrot 3 ex (TX, Brownsville 87), White-fronted Parrot 30 ex (FL, Kendall Area107), Red-crowned Parrot 3380 (CA,Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley 108), Lilac-crowned Parrot 687 ex (CA, Pasadena-SanGabriel Valley 106), Red-lored Parrot 41ex (CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 107), MealyParrot 19 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale 109),Yellow-headed Parrot 389 ex (CA,Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley 75), Yellow-naped Parrot 4 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale103), Yellow-crowned Parrot 1 ex (FL,Dade Co. 106), Orange-winged Parrot 40ex (FL, Dade Co. 89), Blue-fronted Parrot39 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale 104), AfricanGray Parrot 2 ex (FL, Key Largo-PlantationKey 93), Com. Cuckoo 1 (VA, CapeCharles 66), Yellow-billed Cuckoo 4 (FL,Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 60), MangroveCuckoo 8 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P.65), Black-billed Cuckoo 1 (FL, FortMyers 70 and Lakeland 76; TX, Kingsville92, 94), Greater Roadrunner 121 (AZ,Elfrida 85), Smooth-billed Ani 761 (FL,Fort Lauderdale 70), Groove-billed Ani 72(TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. 59).

Barn Owl 109 (CA, Sacramento 81),Flammulated Owl 1 (LA, Creole 101;UT, Ogden 92; WA, Spokane 52), W.Screech-Owl 75 (CA, Santa Barbara 110),E. Screech-Owl 220 (VA, Lynchburg 77),Whiskered Screech-Owl 14 (AZ, RamseyCanyon 94), Great Horned Owl 153 (NJ,Cumberland Co. 98), Snowy Owl 79(WA, Padilla Bay 74), N. Hawk Owl 12(MN, Roseau 106), Hawk Owl 3 QR (HI,Maui: Pu’u O Kaka’e 90), N. Pygmy-Owl27 (CA, Año Nuevo 80), FerruginousPygmy-Owl 4 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen108), Elf Owl 1 (TX, Alice 82, Anzalduas-Bentsen 86, 89, 90-92 and LaSal Vieja90), Burrowing Owl 275 (FL, Fort Myers109), Spotted Owl 13 (CA, WesternSonoma Co. 94), Barred Owl 105 (LA,Pine Prairie 90), Great Gray Owl 56(MN, Two Harbors 105), Long-earedOwl 124 (NE, Lincoln 82), Short-earedOwl 145 (OH, Delaware Reservoir 90),Short-eared (Hawaiian) Owl 5 (HI,Kaua’i: Kapaa 75, Midway Atoll 61, andWaimea 86, 98), Boreal Owl 3 (AK,Fairbanks 105, 106), N. Saw-whet Owl61 (MA, Quabbin 95), Lesser Nighthawk10 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 110),Com. Nighthawk 5 (FL, Fort Lauderdale65 and Stuart 84), Pauraque 92 (TX,Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. 98), Com.Poorwill 23 (CA, Orange Co. [NE] 58),Chuck-will’s-widow 11 (FL, FortLauderdale 77), Whip-poor-will 20 (FL,Lake Placid 101).

Black Swift 3 (CA, Drake’s Bay 69),White-collared Swift 1 (TX, Freeport 88),Chaetura sp. 5 (FL, Fort Lauderdale 65;TX , Orange 74), Vaux’s Swift 208 (CA,Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad 80), MarianaSwiftlet 68 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 92),White-throated Swift 2200 (CA, OrangeCo. [coastal] 71), Green-breasted Mango1 (GA, Dublin 108; TX, Corpus Christi98 and Santa Ana N.W.R. 103), Broad-billed Hummingbird 36 (AZ, SantaCatalina Mountains 109), White-earedHummingbird 1 (AZ, Ramsey Canyon 88,93), Berylline Hummingbird 1 (AZ,Nogales 98 and Ramsey Canyon 103),Buff-bellied Hummingbird 45 (TX, Victoria108), Violet-crowned Hummingbird 3(AZ, Patagonia 93, Portal 101, 102, andRamsey Canyon 110), Blue-throatedHummingbird 17 (AZ, Portal 110),Magnificent Hummingbird 14 (AZ,Ramsey Canyon 95), Ruby-throatedHummingbird 53 (FL, Cocoa 96), Black-chinned Hummingbird 21 (LA, BatonRouge 106), Anna’s Hummingbird 1432(CA, Santa Barbara 89), Costa’sHummingbird 159 (CA, Anza-BorregoDesert 100), Calliope Hummingbird 9(LA, Baton Rouge 107), Broad-tailedHummingbird 7 (TX, Davis Mountains106), Rufous Hummingbird 69 (LA,Baton Rouge 108), Allen’s Hummingbird487 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 109), ElegantTrogon 4 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands 109),Eared Quetzal 1 (AZ, Portal 100, 108),Ringed Kingfisher 32 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 94), Belted Kingfisher 334 (FL,Merritt Is. N.W.R. 94), Green Kingfisher35 (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R. 104).

Lewis’s Woodpecker 533 (CA, Granite-Woody 74), Red-headed Woodpecker914 (KS, Manhattan 80), AcornWoodpecker 969 (CA, Santa Barbara110), Gila Woodpecker 778 (AZ, TucsonValley 93), Golden-fronted Woodpecker377 (TX, Weslaco 110), Red-belliedWoodpecker 622 (VA, Fort Belvoir 106),Williamson’s Sapsucker 15 (CA, LakeAlmanor 93), Yellow-bellied Sapsucker294 (LA, Baton Rouge 76), Red-napedSapsucker 84 (AZ, Prescott 107), Red-breasted Sapsucker 63 (CA, Ventura 91),Ladder-backed Woodpecker 193 (AZ,Nogales 81), Nuttall’s Woodpecker 245(CA, Putah Creek 110), DownyWoodpecker 829 (MA, Concord 106),Hairy Woodpecker 368 (MD, Seneca106), Arizona Woodpecker 42 (AZ, Portal106), Red-cockaded Woodpecker 82(NC, Southern Pines 98), White-headedWoodpecker 50 (CA, Springville 83),Am. Three-toed Woodpecker 26 (AK,

Anchorage 97), Black-backed Woodpecker21 (MT, Missoula 79), N. (Red-shafted)Flicker 1160 (CA, Oakland 78), N. (Yel.-sh.) Flicker 620 (MD, Seneca 84), GildedFlicker 190 (AZ, Tucson Valley 93),Pileated Woodpecker 194 (FL, NorthPinellas101), Ivory-billed Woodpecker 4(LA, Tallulah 34).

N. Beardless-Tyrannulet 10 (AZ, SantaCatalina Mountains 89), Tufted Flycatcher1 (TX, Big Bend N.P. [east] 92), Olive-sided Flycatcher 4 (TX, Aransas N.W.R.63), Greater Pewee 2 (AZ, Santa CatalinaMountains 83, 87 and Tucson Valley 99),W. Wood-Pewee 1 (CA, Death Valley 68,Joshua Tree N.M. 68 and Morro Bay 70;TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 66, 67, 69,Armand Bayou 87 and Davis Mountains89), E. Wood-Pewee 8 (TX, Santa AnaN.W.R. 103), Yellow-bellied Flycatcher 5(TX, Corpus Christi 79), AcadianFlycatcher 1 (AL, Wheeler N.W.R. 101;TX, Bolivar Pen. 82; Matagorda Co. -Mad Is. Marsh 108), Willow Flycatcher 1(CA, Morro Bay 104, Moss Landing 86,Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley 80, SespeWildlife Area 84; TX, Del Rio 87 andSanta Ana N.W.R. 101), Alder/WillowFlycatcher 1 (TX, College Station 71 andCorpus Christi 69), Least Flycatcher 26(FL, Zellwood-Mount Dora 108),Hammond’s Flycatcher 36 (AZ, Patagonia99), Gray Flycatcher 68 (AZ, Nogales 78),Dusky Flycatcher 29 (AZ, Patagonia99), Pacific-slope Flycatcher 2 (CA,Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad 110, OrangeCo. [coastal] 98 and Moss Landing 94),Cordilleran Flycatcher 1 (AZ,Hassayampa River 98, Kirkland 92 andNogales 98; NM, Carlsbad Caverns N.P.105; TX, Chisos Mountains 91, 95), W.Flycatcher 5 (AZ, Nogales 69), BlackPhoebe 584 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]110), E. Phoebe 1553 (TX, MatagordaCo. - Mad Is. Marsh 103), Say’s Pheobe257 (CA, Salton Sea [south] 105),Vermilion Flycatcher 116 (TX, Kingsville104), Dusky-capped Flycatcher 2 (CA,Monterey Pen. 93), Ash-throatedFlycatcher 37 (AZ, Sierra Pinta-CabezaPrieta N.W.R. 87), Nutting’s Flycatcher 1(AZ, Nogales 98; CA, Orange Co.[coastal] 101; NM, Gila River 77), GreatCrested Flycatcher 120 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 67), Brown-crestedFlycatcher 7 (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R.103), La Sagra’s Flycatcher 1 (FL,Biscayne N.P. 83, 88, 91, 92, 98, FortLauderdale 95, Key Largo-Plantation Key92 and Lone Pine Key 110), GreatKiskadee 290 (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R.103), Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher 1 (MS,

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 125

Southern Hancock Co. 80), TropicalKingbird 53 (TX, Weslaco 110), Couch’sKingbird 132 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen99), Cassin’s Kingbird 230 (CA, OrangeCo. [NE] 109), Thick-billed Kingbird 1(AZ, Bill Williams Delta 84, MartinezLake 73 and Parker-Colorado River 80;CA, Claremont 85, Crystal Springs 99,100, 101, Long Beach-El Dorado 93,Orange Co. [NE] 83-92, Palos VerdesPen. 106, 107, 108, 109 and San Diego67; TX, Big Bend N.P. [east] 71 andMatagorda Co. - Mad Is. Marsh 103-106),W. Kingbird 61 (FL, Zellwood-MountDora 105), E. Kingbird 5 (NC, Pee DeeN.W.R. 98; TX, Bolivar Pen. 72), GrayKingbird 3 (FL, Fort Lauderdale 74),Scissor-tailed Flycatcher 93 (TX, SanAntonio 110), Fork-tailed Flycatcher 1(FL, Zellwood-Mount Dora 106; TX,Kingsville 89), Rose-throated Becard 4(TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 61), Kauai O’o 2(HI, Kaua’i: Pawainui 74).

Brown Shrike 1 (CA, Point Reyes Pen.87), Loggerhead Shrike 582 (TX, Freeport76), N. Shrike 54 (WA, Padilla Bay 97),White-eyed Vireo 230 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 89), Thick-billed Vireo 1(FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 81 andWest Palm Beach 69), Bell’s Vireo 35 (CA,San Diego 8), Black-capped Vireo 1 (TX,Uvalde Co. 97), Gray Vireo 6 (AZ, SierraPinta-Cabeza Prieta N.W.R. 87, 94),Yellow-throated Vireo 10 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 57), Plumbeous Vireo 10(AZ, Salt-Verde Rivers 92), Cassin’s Vireo10 (CA, San Diego 104), Blue-headedVireo 161 (TX, Freeport 92), Hutton’sVireo 226 (CA, Santa Barbara 81),Warbling Vireo 3 (CA, Pasadena-SanGabriel Valley 64), Philadelphia Vireo 4(TX, Freeport 72), Red-eyed Vireo 2 (TX,Corpus Christi 92), Yellow-green Vireo 2(TX, Santa Ana N.W.R. 62), Black-whiskered Vireo 1 (FL, Coot Bay-EvergladesN.P. 89), Gray Jay 182 (MN, Wabasha78), Steller’s Jay 2136 (CA, San Jose 83),Blue Jay 3077 (MA, Millis 86), Black-throated Magpie-Jay 12 ex (CA, SanDiego 102), Green Jay 370 (TX, SantaAna N.W.R. 60), Brown Jay 31 (TX,Falcon Dam S.P. 93), San Blas Jay 1 (AZ,Nogales 67), Florida Scrub-Jay 250 (FL,Lake Placid 96), Is. Scrub-Jay 173 (CA,Santa Cruz Is. 110), W. Scrub-Jay 2349(CA, Oakland 75), Mexican Jay 1110(AZ, Atascosa Highlands 92), Pinyon Jay2044 (NM, Santa Fe 61), Clark’sNutcracker 281 (CA, South Lake Tahoe107), Black-billed Magpie 2126 (CO,Grand Junction 90), Yellow-billed Magpie3800 (CA, Marysville 74), Eur. Jackdaw 2

(MA, Nantucket 85; PA, Lewisburg 86, 88-89), Am. Crow 267,000 (IL, Middle ForkRiver Valley 100), Northwestern Crow3120 (OR, Eugene 58), Tamaulipas Crow1700 (TX, Brownsville 81), Fish Crow41,895 (SC, Ace Basin 108), HawaiianCrow 10 (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 86),Chihuahuan Raven 4400 (CA, Stanton68), Com. Raven 2501 (AK, Fairbanks 101).

(Hawaii) Elepaio 306 (HI, Hawai’i:Volcano 78), (Kauai) Elepaio 135 (HI,Kaua’i: Waimea 99), (Oahu) Elepaio 99(HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 49), Sky Lark 96(HI, Maui: Pu’u O KaKa’e 100), HornedLark 76,224 (CA, Lancaster 82), PurpleMartin 62 (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R. 85),Tree Swallow 1,043,926 (FL, Fort Myers95), Violet-green Swallow 1500 (CA,Escondido 53), N. Rough-wingedSwallow 1475 (FL, Fort Lauderdale 61),Bank Swallow 21 (CA, Salton Sea [south]104; TX, Harlingen 103), Cliff Swallow55 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 93), CaveSwallow 450 (TX, Corpus Christi 107),Barn Swallow 298 (CA, Salton Sea [south]107), Carolina Chickadee 2636 (OH,Cincinnati 86), Black-capped Chickadee7740 (NY, Catskill-Coxsackie 86),Mountain Chickadee 1199 (CO, Boulder85), Mexican Chickadee 109 (AZ, Portal104), Chestnut-backed Chickadee 1536(CA, Oakland 77), Boreal Chickadee 298(AK, Fairbanks 107), Siberian Tit 2 (AK,Galena 84) Varied Tit 4 (HI, Honolulu56), Bridled Titmouse 574 (AZ, AtascosaHighlands 92), Oak Titmouse 758 (CA,Folsom 94), Juniper Titmouse 137 (AZ,Jerome 105), Tufted Titmouse 1947 (MA,Millis 86), Black-crested Titmouse 449(TX, Austin 80).

Verdin 592 (AZ, Salt-Verde Rivers 92),Bushtit 3534 (CA, Oakland 75), Red-breasted Nuthatch 1886 (MA, Quabbin94), White-breasted Nuthatch 1085 (MA,Concord 105), Pygmy Nuthatch 1058(CA, Monterey Pen. 80), Brown-headedNuthatch 635 (GA, St. Catherine’s Is.107), Brown Creeper 295 (MD, Seneca102), Cactus Wren 1120 (AZ, Salt-VerdeRivers 94), Rock Wren 300 (AZ, AtascosaHighlands 80), Canyon Wren 213 (AZ,Atascosa Highlands 92), Carolina Wren1089 (OH, Cincinnati 75), Bewick’s Wren681 (WA, Bellingham 105), House Wren644 (TX, Matagorda Co. - Mad Is. Marsh107), House (Brown-throated) Wren 76(AZ, Nogales 70), Winter Wren 452 (CA,Point Reyes Pen. 79), Sedge Wren 1067(TX, Freeport 72), Marsh Wren 1932 (TX,Matagorda Co.-Mad Is. Marsh 100), Am.Dipper 124 (MT, Yellowstone N.P. 88),Red-vented Bulbul 2361 (HI, O’ahu:

Honolulu 88), Red-whiskered Bulbul 668(HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 86), Golden-crowned Kinglet 2193 (WA, Olympia101), Ruby-crowned Kinglet 2614 (CA,Point Reyes Pen. 107), Japanese Bush-Warbler 129 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 84),Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 1264 (TX, Freeport84), California Gnatcatcher 100 (CA,Rancho Santa Fe 106), Black-tailedGnatcatcher 471 (AZ, Salt-Verde Rivers90), Black-capped Gnatcatcher 6 (AZ,Green Valley-Madera Canyon 108).

White-rumped Shama 468 (HI, O’ahu:Honolulu 88), N. Wheatear 1 (LA,Crowley 93; NJ, Walnut Valley 81; NY,L.I.: Montauk 37), E. Bluebird 2435 (TX,Bastrop-Buescher State Parks 92), W.Bluebird 1505 (AZ, Grand Canyon 70),Mountain Bluebird 5737 (OK, Kenton[Black Mesa] 106), Townsend’s Solitaire451 (CO, Boulder 78), Kamao 2 (HI,Kaua’i: Waimea 75), Omao 1370 (HI,Hawai’i: Volcano 79), Puaiohi 5 (HI,Kaua’i: Waimea 103), Veery 3* (CA,Joshua Tree N.M. 67; GA, Savannah 28;TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 63, 64), Gray-cheeked Thrush 2* (CA, Yosemite N.P. 97;SC, Charleston 62; WV, Pipestem Area81), Hermit Thrush 694 (CA, SantaBarbara 91), Wood Thrush 5 (TX, Freeport72, 83), Redwing 1 (RI, South Kingstown106), Clay-colored Robin 12 (TX,Anzalduas-Bentsen 110), White-throatedRobin 1 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 105),Rufous-backed Robin 2 (AZ, MartinezLake 103, Nogales 83, Patagonia 75, SantaCatalina Mountains 77, 78, Superior 110and Tucson Valley 76), Am. Robin2,000,000 (GA, Piedmont N.W.R.-RumCreek W.M.A. 95), Varied Thrush 5500(CA, Angwin 78), Greater NecklacedLaughing-thrush 19 (HI, Kaua’i: Lihu’e76), Gray-sided Laughing-thrush 2 (HI,O’ahu: Waipi’o 87), Hwamei 70 (HI,Kaua’i: Kapa’a 80), Chinese Thrush 18 ex(HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 45), Red-billedLeiothrix 462 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 56),Japanese Hill Robin 183 (HI, O’ahu:Honolulu 45), Pekin Nightingale 154 (HI,Hawai’i: Hilo 41), Wrentit 1090 (CA,Point Reyes Pen. 77), Japanese White-eye1960 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 77), OrientalWhite-eye 487 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 72).[* These thrushes winter in the tropics at afar distance from the United States and arenot expected to occur on the CBCs. Theycan be difficult to separate from the com-mon Hermit Thrush in certain conditionsand these records, particularly those fromearlier decades, have been questioned; how-ever, compilers and state editors haveapproved them.]

126 AMERICAN BIRDS

Gray Catbird 872 (FL, Carnestown71), N. Mockingbird 1742 (TX, LagunaAtascosa N.W.R. 59), BahamaMockingbird 1 (FL, Dade Co. 96), SageThrasher 338 (NM, Carlsbad CavernsN.P. 90), Brown Thrasher 1445 (TX,Houston 67), Long-billed Thrasher 117(TX, Santa Ana N.W.R. 97), Bendire’sThrasher 61 (AZ, Santa CatalinaMountains 68), Curve-billed Thrasher576 (AZ, Tucson Valley 83), CaliforniaThrasher 441 (CA, San Jose 85), CrissalThrasher 113 (NM, Peloncillo Mountains93), Le Conte’s Thrasher 41 (CA, Taft-Maricopa 70), Blue Mockingbird 1 (AZ,Patagonia 92; TX, Santa Ana N.W.R.103), Eur. Starling 20,001,850 (LA, PinePrairie 90), Com. Myna 6447 (HI,O’ahu: Honolulu 68), Crested Myna 8(FL, Dade Co. 86, 88), Hill Myna 40 ex(FL, Kendall Area 105), White Wagtail 1(CA, Santa Maria-Guadalupe 110 andVentura 89), White/Black-backed Wagtail1 (CA, Moss Landing 91), Black-backedWagtail 1 (CA, San Jose 101), Am. Pipit9794 (CA, Sacramento 60), Sprague’sPipit 190 (TX, Corpus Christi 67),Bohemian Waxwing 22,245 (AK,Anchorage 109), Cedar Waxwing 9369(TX, Freeport 105), Phainopepla 848(AZ, Salt-Verde Rivers 91).

Olive Warbler 18 (AZ, Patagonia 108,and Ramsey Canyon 84), Blue-wingedWarbler 2 (FL, Gainesville 105; MS,Lauderdale Co. 107, 108), Golden-winged Warbler 1 (CA, La Purisma 101,Orange Co. [coastal] 102 and San Diego91; TX, Matagorda Co. - Mad Is. Marsh102), Tennessee Warbler 10 (TX,Matagorda Co. - Mad Is. Marsh 107),Orange-crowned Warbler 802 (AZ,Phoenix 83), Nashville Warbler 55 (TX,Santa Ana N.W.R. 62), Virginia’s Warbler2 (CA, Monterey Pen. 94 and Orange Co.[coastal] 82; TX, El Paso 74), Lucy’sWarbler 2 (AZ, Organ Pipe Cactus N.M.78 and Tucson Valley 73; CA, CrystalSprings 96 and San Diego 80), Crescent-chested Warbler 1 (AZ, Patagonia 93, 94),N. Parula 40 (FL, Coot Bay-EvergladesN.P. 61), Tropical Parula 5 (TX,Anzalduas-Bentsen 75), Yellow Warbler43 (FL, Key Largo-Plantation Key 103),Chestnut-sided Warbler 3(AZ, Phoenix85), Magnolia Warbler 12 (FL, FortLauderdale 72), Cape May Warbler 17(FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 80 andKey Largo-Plantation Key 96), Black-throated Blue Warbler 9 (FL, FortLauderdale 109), Yellow-rumped(Audubon’s) Warbler 9600 (CA, SanDiego 65), Yellow-rumped (Myrtle)

Warbler 19,582 (NC, Bodie-Pea Is. 76),Black-throated Gray Warbler 33 (AZ,Phoenix 75), Golden-cheeked Warbler 1(TX, San Antonio 101), Black-throatedGreen Warbler 25 (TX, Santa AnaN.W.R. 99), Townsend’s Warbler 887(CA, Monterey Pen. 99), Hermit Warbler22 (CA, Monterey Pen. 85), BlackburnianWarbler 2 (FL, Cocoa 64, Lake Wales 78and West Palm Beach 67; LA, Pine Prairie83; TX, Brazoria 86 and Brownsville 88),Yellow-throated Warbler 85 (FL, CootBay-Everglades N.P. 67), Grace’s Warbler2 (CA, Santa Barbara 85, 86), PineWarbler 1600 (FL, West Pasco [New PortRichey] 107), Prairie Warbler 277 (FL,Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 78), PalmWarbler 2814 (FL, Fort Lauderdale 69),Bay-breasted Warbler 2 (FL, Cocoa 65,75, 105, Fort Lauderdale 73 and Naples68; LA, Johnsons Bayou 82 and NewOrleans 68; VA, Shenandoah Valley 79),Blackpoll Warbler 3 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 80), Cerulean Warbler 1 (FL,Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary 81; GA,Glynn Co. 73; LA, Creole 95).

Black-and-white Warbler 10 (FL, CootBay-Everglades N.P. 81), Am. Redstart 31(FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 104 andFort Lauderdale 67), ProthonotaryWarbler 4 (SC, Hilton Head Is. 93),Worm-eating Warbler 4 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 103), Swainson’s Warbler1 (FL, Lower Keys 65; TX Matagorda Co.-Mad Is. Marsh 104, 110), Ovenbird 37(FL, Fort Lauderdale 67), N. Waterthrush40 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 69),Louisiana Waterthrush 3 (FL, Lower Keys56; SC, Charleston 58), Kentucky Warbler1 (AR, Conway 102; AZ, Green Valley-Madera Canyon 109; CA, Morro Bay 87,97, Orange Co. [coastal] 84, Pasadena-SanGabriel Valley 94 and Santa Barbara 84;FL, Captiva-Sanibel Is. 95, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 51, 61, Corkscrew SwampSanctuary 95 and Venice-Englewood 91;LA, Johnsons Bayou 78 and New Orleans67; PA, Elverson 74; SC, McClellanville95; TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 64, 73, BolivarPen. 81, Brownsville 50, Comstock 82,Freeport 60, 63, 72, 73, Galveston 65,Harlingen 48, Houston 58, 77,Matagorda Co. - Mad Is. Marsh 103, SanAntonio 72 and Santa Ana N.W.R. 75),Connecticut Warbler 2 (TX, Freeport 68),Mourning Warbler 2 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 65 and Fort Worth 41),MacGillivray’s Warbler 2 (AZ, Phoenix 69,72 and Santa Catalina Mountains 65; CA,Mendocino Coast 87, Orange Co.[coastal] 109 and San Diego 68; OR,Eugene 68), Com. Yellowthroat 1282 (FL,

Fort Lauderdale 69), Gray-crownedYellowthroat 2 (TX, Brownsville 110),Hooded Warbler 2 (TX, Big Bend N.P.[east] 110), Wilson’s Warbler 107 (TX,Freeport 85), Canada Warbler 2, (FL,Cocoa 66), Painted Redstart 17 (AZ,Green Valley-Madera Canyon 109),Golden-crowned Warbler 1 (TX,Anzalduas-Bentsen 96, Santa Ana N.W.R.90, and Weslaco 108), Rufous-cappedWarbler 3 (AZ, Green Valley-MaderaCanyon 109), Yellow-breasted Chat 17(MA, Cape Cod 109), Bananaquit 1 (FL,Fort Lauderdale 94 and Key Largo-Plantation Key 72), Hepatic Tanager 27(AZ, Atascosa Highlands 109), SummerTanager 7 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 104and San Diego 110), Scarlet Tanager 2(FL, Cocoa 67), W. Tanager 28 (CA, SantaBarbara 85), W. Spindalis 1 (FL, KendallArea 107, Key Largo-Plantation Key 72,80, Key West 105, Marathon-Grassy Key72 and West Palm Beach 64, 80), Blue-gray Tanager 3 ex (FL, Dade Co. 74).

White-collared Seedeater 170 (TX,Harlingen 39), Yellow-faced Grassquit 18(HI, O’ahu: Waipi’o 80), Saffron Finch476 (HI, N. Kona 93), Red-crestedCardinal 651 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 88),Yellow-billed Cardinal 70 (HI, Hawai’i:North Kona 89), Yellow Cardinal 29 ex(HI, N. Kona 90), Olive Sparrow 245(TX, Harlingen 39), Green-tailed Towhee290 (AZ, Nogales 70), Spotted Towhee1043 (CA, Oakland 75), E. Towhee 790(FL, Lake Placid 93), Canyon Towhee433 (AZ, Portal94), California Towhee2110 (CA, Oakland 75), Abert’s Towhee1104 (AZ, Gila River 97), Rufous-wingedSparrow 236 (AZ, Green Valley-MaderaCanyon 109), Cassin’s Sparrow 193 (AZ,Ramsey Canyon 83), Botteri’s Sparrow 7(TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R.106),Bachman’s Sparrow 50 (FL, Avon ParkA.F. Range 94, 95), Rufous-crownedSparrow 460 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands92), Five-striped Sparrow 6 (AZ, AtascosaHighlands 89), Am. Tree Sparrow 12,092(KS, Emporia 84), Chipping Sparrow9610 (AZ, Nogales 77), Clay-coloredSparrow 682 (TX, Santa Elena Canyon71), Brewer’s Sparrow 13,462 (NM,Peloncillo Mts. 100), Field Sparrow 1471(TX, Tyler 60), Black-chinned Sparrow126 (AZ, Green Valley-Madera Canyon87), Vesper Sparrow 6713 (TX, AttwaterPrairie Chicken N.W.R. 81), LarkSparrow 886 (AZ, Nogales 85), Black-throated Sparrow 3590 (AZ, Superior109), Sage Sparrow 786 (CA, ButterbredtSpring 108), Lark Bunting 13,512 (TX,Midland 60).

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 127

Savannah Sparrow 11,128 (LA, TensasRiver N.W.R. 90), Savannah (Belding’s)Sparrow 374 (CA, San Diego 84),Savannah (Ipswich) Sparrow 110 (MD,Ocean City 105), Savannah (Large-billed)Sparrow 269 (CA, San Diego 41),Grasshopper Sparrow 156 (TX, AttwaterPrairie Chicken N.W.R. 97), Baird’sSparrow 52 (TX, El Paso 59), Henslow’sSparrow 107 (MS, Jackson Co. 104), LeConte’s Sparrow 344 (TX, Freeport 95),Saltmarsh Sparrow 100 (SC, McClellanville101), Nelson’s Sparrow 355 (LA, SabineN.W.R. 80, 90), Seaside Sparrow 995(GA, St. Catherine’s Is. 109), Seaside(Dusky) Sparrow 25 (FL, Titusville-Merritt Is. 36), Fox Sparrow 1147 (CA,Arcata 107), Fox (E.)Sparrow 50 (NC,Chapell Hill 34), Fox (Red) Sparrow 12(TN, Knoxville 108), Fox (Sooty) Sparrow610 (WA, Grays Harbor 105), Fox (Slate-colored) Sparrow 13 (CA, Yreka 109), Fox(Thick-billed) Sparrow 19 (CA, SantaBarbara 37), Song Sparrow 3624 (PA,Glenolden 66), Lincoln’s Sparrow 897(AZ, Patagonia 91), Swamp Sparrow 4315(LA, Reserve-Bonnet Carre Spillway 84),White-throated Sparrow 7323 (PA,Central Bucks Co. 86), Harris’s Sparrow21,900 (KS, Udall 68), White-crownedSparrow 20,999 (AZ, Phoenix 59), White-crowned (Gambel’s) Sparrow 2128 (CA,San Diego 41), White-crowned (Nuttall’s)Sparrow 3179 (CA, San Francisco 43),Golden-crowned Sparrow 4912 (OR,Corvallis 81), Dark-eyed (Gray-headed)Junco 2376 (TX, Davis Mountains 92),Dark-eyed (Oregon) Junco 4780 (CA,Etna 104), Dark-eyed (Pink-sided) Junco976 (CO, Penrose 109), Dark-eyed (Slate-col.) Junco 9562 (MA, Concord 110),Dark-eyed (W.-w.) Junco 721 (SD, RapidCity 77), Yellow-eyed Junco 441 (AZ,Santa Catalina Mountains 78), McCown’sLongspur 2720 (TX, Buffalo Lake N.W.R.83), Lapland Longspur 66,910 (KS,Liberal-Seward Co. 93), Smith’s Longspur1365 (OK, Hulah Reservoir 89),Chestnut-collared Longspur 3000 (KS,Quivira N.W.R. 61), Rustic Bunting 1(AK, Fairbanks 95 and Narrow Cape-Kalsin Bay 91; CA, Willow Creek 96),Snow Bunting 55,839 (ND, Des LacsN.W.R. 61), McKay’s Bunting 50 (AK,Nome 104), Crimson-collared Grosbeak 3(TX, Weslaco 105).

N. Cardinal 3775 (OH, Cincinnati93), Pyrrhuloxia 1258 (TX, ChaparralW.M.A. 100), Rose-breasted Grosbeak 4(MI, Pontiac 86), Black-headed Grosbeak7 (CA, Orange Co. [NE] 64), Blue Bunting1 (LA, Johnsons Bayou 80; TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 86, 88, 95, Aransas N.W.R. 90,

Laredo 105, and Weslaco 109), Blue Grosbeak18 (AZ, Nogales 75), Lazuli Bunting 287 (AZ,Nogales 70), Indigo Bunting 199 (FL,Fort Lauderdale 69), Varied Bunting 1(AZ, Santa Catalina Mountains 65; TX,Big Bend N.P. [east] 79, and ChisosMountains 68, 87, 91), Painted Bunting453 (FL, Fort Lauderdale 66), Dickcissel200 (TX, Corpus Christi 97).

Bobolink 32 (SC, Hilton Head Is. 68),Red-winged Blackbird 53,148,120 (LA,Pine Prairie 88), Tricolored Blackbird44,560 (CA, Peace Valley 77), E.Meadowlark 3814 (TX, Port Aransas 90),W. Meadowlark 9032 (CA, Peace Valley87), Yellow-headed Blackbird 47,564 (AZ,Phoenix 56), Rusty Blackbird 1,100,000(GA, Rome 70), Brewer’s Blackbird3,900,000 (GA, Rome 63), Com. Grackle27,509,196 (LA, Pine Prairie 88), Boat-tailed Grackle 155,247 (TX, MatagordaCo. Mad Is. Marsh 105), Great-tailedGrackle 1,000,056 (OK, Sooner Lake109), Shiny Cowbird 29 (FL, Naples 98),Bronzed Cowbird 15,109 (TX, Kingsville85), Brown-headed Cowbird 38,201,300(LA, Pine Prairie 87), Orchard Oriole 12(TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. 103),Hooded Oriole 8 (CA, Orange Co.[coastal] 59), Streak-backed Oriole 1 (AZ,Buenos Aires N.W.R. 91, Dudleyville 101,Patagonia 106, Portal 108, and TucsonValley 76; CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 97;CO, Loveland 108; NM, Albuquerque 101),Bullock’s Oriole 24 (CA, Santa Barbara84), Spot-breasted Oriole 104 (FL, FortLauderdale 75), Altamira Oriole 48 (TX,Anzalduas-Bentsen 75), Audubon’s Oriole42 (TX, Chaparral W.M.A. 105), BaltimoreOriole 72 (FL, Gainesville 107), Scott’sOriole 29 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands 109).

Com. Chaffinch 1 (LA, Venice 79; MA,Greater Boston 110), Brambling 4 (AK,Kodiak 92), Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch5420 (UT, Salt Lake City 54), Black Rosy-Finch 2650 (UT, Salt Lake City 53),Brown-capped Rosy-Finch 1300 (CO,Gunnison 73), Rosy Finch 6089 (UT, SaltLake City 54), Pine Grosbeak 1376 (AK,Anchorage 85), Purple Finch 4453 (NC,Chapel Hill 81), Cassin’s Finch 3190 (NM,Espanola 73), House Finch 21,621 (CA,San Fernando Valley 67), Red Crossbill1744 (CA, Marin Co. [southern] 85),White-winged Crossbill 2380 (AK, GlacierBay 103), Com. Redpoll 15,150 (ND,Dunseith 86), Hoary Redpoll 1029 (AK,Fairbanks 74), Eurasian Siskin 1 (WI,Kenosha Co. 74) Pine Siskin 9116 (CA, W.Sonoma Co. 85), Lesser Goldfinch 3731(CA, Oroville 77), Lawrence’s Goldfinch1851 (AZ, Nogales 75), Am. Goldfinch8986 (MI, Grand Rapids 85), Eur.

Goldfinch 8 ex (NJ, Englewood 14),Oriental Greenfinch 1 (CA, Arcata 87),Yellow-fronted Canary 314 (HI, N. Kona92), Com. Canary 1915 (HI, MidwayAtoll 101), White-rumped Seedeater 37(HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 68), EveningGrosbeak 11,623 (NY, S. Rensselaer Co.79), Laysan Finch 465 (HI, Laysan Is.100), O’u 3 (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 84),Maui Parrotbill 7 (HI, Maui: Pu’u OKaka’e 99), Hawaii Amakihi 900 (HI,Hawai’i: Volcano 83), Maui Amakihi 261(HI, Maui: Pu’u O Kali 80), OahuAmakihi 182 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 80),Kauai Amakihi 135 (HI, Kaua’i: Waimea100), Anianiau 82 (HI, Waimea 97),Akiapolaau 37 (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 78),Akikiki 25 (HI, Pawainui Falls 74), HawaiiCreeper 53 (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 78),Oahu Alauahio 8 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu41), Maui Alauahio 133 (HI, Maui: Pu’uO Kaka’e 99), Maui Creeper 72 (HI, Maui:Pu’u O Kaka’e 90), Akekee 43 (HI,Waimea 103), Hawaii Akepa 100 (HI,Hawai’i: Volcano 77), Kauai Akepa 35 (HI,Kaua’i: Pawainui 74), Iiwi 910 (HI,Hawai’i: Volcano 79), Akohekohe 58 (HI,Maui: Pu’u O Kaka’e 99), Apapane 9024(HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 79), Poo-uli 2 (HI,Maui: Pu’u O Kaka’e 99), House Sparrow2,555,000 (IL, Chicago Urban 74), EurasianTree Sparrow 1490 (IL, Meredosia Is. 86).

Orange Bishop 11 ex (CA, Palos VerdesPen. 109), Red Bishop 74 ex (CA, Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley 100), Yellow-crownedBishop 2 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 70), Red-billed Fire-Finch 30 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu66), African Fire-Finch 69 (HI, O’ahu:Honolulu 8), Red-cheeked Cordonbleu 9(HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 77), AfricanCordonbleu 17 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 73),Blue-capped Cordonbleu 12 (HI, O’ahu:Honolulu 70), Lavender Waxbill 49 (HI,Hawai’i: North Kona 93), Orange-cheekedWaxbill 49 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 90),Black-rumped Waxbill 48 (HI, O’ahu:Honolulu 76), Com. Waxbill 1727 (HI,O’ahu: Waipi’o 107), Red Avadavat 315(HI, O’ahu: Waipi’o 88), Diamond Firetail1 ex (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 67), AfricanSilverbill 30 (HI, Moloka’i: Kualapu’u106), Warbling Silverbill 320 (HI,Moloka’i: Kualapu’u 93), Nutmeg Mannikin2578 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a 74), Ricebird 421(HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 56), ChestnutMannikin 5052 (HI, Waipi’o 88), ChestnutMannikin 1 ex (CA, Long Beach-El Dorado104), Java Sparrow 3216 (HI, O’ahu:Honolulu 94), Village Indigobird 1 (HI,O’ahu: Honolulu 70), Pin-tailed Whydah18 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 75), Zebra Finch3 ex (TX, Uvalde Co. 96). TOTAL BIRDS108,687,741 (LA, Pine Prairie 87).

128 AMERICAN BIRDS