christianity. founding of christianity founder: jesus christ (a jew) zero a.d. palestine/israel...
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CHRISTIANITY
Founding of Christianity
FOUNDER: JESUS CHRIST (A JEW) ZERO A.D. PALESTINE/ISRAEL
SPREAD BY APOSTLES (FOLLOWERS OF JESUS)
PAUL: MOST IMP. IN SPREADING & STARTING CHURCHES (NOT AN APOSTLE)
EMP. CONSTANTINE: MAKES CHRISTIANITY OFFICIAL RELIGION
Basic Beliefs
1 GOD (SAME AS JEWS, MUSLIMS)
JESUS: SON OF GOD, DIED FOR “OUR” SINS, ROSE FROM DEAD
BELIEF IN JESUS = SALVATION FROM SINS, REWARD IN HEAVEN
HEAVEN/HELL: IS FOR ETERNITY1 CHANCE TO “GET IT RIGHT”
Sacred TextBIBLE : TWO PARTSOLD TESTAMENT:
JEWISH “BIBLE”, INCL. TORAH)
NEW TESTAMENT: LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF JESUS REVELATION: END OF WORLD AND CREATION OF NEW
KINGDOM ON EARTH
God of ChristianityONE GOD IS DIVIDED INTO 3 PARTS:HOLY TRINITY: GOD, JESUS, HOLY
GHOST (SPIRIT)PROPHETS PLAY IMPORTANT PART:
MOSES, ISAIAH, EZEKIEL
Leadership
PRIESTS: SERVICES LOCALLY
BISHOPS: CONTROL LARGER AREAS
POPE:HEAD OF CATHOLIC CHURCH#1 RELIGIOUS GROUP IN WORLD
Rituals
Baptism: ENTRY INTO CHURCH
Communion: SHARING BREAD/WINE = BLOOD/BODY OF CHRIST
SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY
Pax Romana, which made travel and the exchange of ideas fairly safe, provided the ideal conditions for Christianity to spread
Christians refused to worship Roman gods. This refusal was seen as opposition to Roman rule
By the second century, as the Pax Romana began to crumble, persecution of the Christians intensified. Thousands were crucified, burned, or killed by wild animals in the circus arenas.
“BREAD AND CIRCUS”
Constantine tolerates Christianity
Why was Christianity Appealing?
ANYONE COULD CONVERT: JEW, GREEK ROMAN
WEALTH & CLASS NOT AN ISSUE: APPEALED TO POOR AND POWERLESS:
“Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the Earth”
PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP WITH GODETERNAL LIFE FOR BELIEVERS
SECTS: 2.2 BILLION
ROMAN CATHOLIC: LED BY POPE, LARGEST SECT AT 1.1 BILLION
PROTESTANT: BROKE FROM CHURCH ~ 1500 A.D. (LUTHERANS, BAPTISTS, METHODISTS, ETC.) (800,000+ followers)
EVANGELICAL, JEHOVAH WITNESS, MORMON, ETC
ISLAM
Key Terms
Islam Submission to the will of Allah
MuslimOne who has submitted
Founding of the Religion
MOHAMMAD: FOUNDER, 600 A.D, MECCA (SAUDI ARABIA)
HEARS VOICE OF ANGEL GABRIEL, TELLS HIM TO ‘SPREAD WORD OF ALLAH’
UPSETS POWERFUL/RICH: FORCED TO FLEE (HIJRAH)
RETURNS TO MECCA W/ 10,000 MAN ARMY, CONQUERS, & BEGINS ISLAM
Basic Beliefs
1 GOD = ALLAHMOHAMMAD IS PROPHET OF ALLAH
SALVATION COMES BY FOLLOWING “FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM”
HEAVEN & HELL = ETERNAL1 CHANCE TO “GET IT RIGHT”
The Five Pillars of Islam
WHAT ALL MUSLIMS MUST DO:STATEMENT OF FAITH: “There is no
God but Allah” & Mohammad is His Messenger
PRAY 5 X DAY FACING MECCACHARITY: GIVE TO POOR (2.5%)FAST DURING MONTH OF RAMADAN:
NO FOOD/WATER SUNRISE TO SUNSETHAJJ: PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA ONCE
IN LIFE (HEALTH AND WEALTH PERMITTING)
THE HAJJ
Pilgrimage to the Holy City of Mecca
Sacred Text
KORAN = QUR’ANONLY HOLY IF IN ARABIC WORD OF ALLAH TO MOHAMMAD THROUGH GABRIEL
Leadership
NO “CHURCH”, CENTRAL AUTHORITY, “PRIESTS”
ULAMA: RELIGIOUS TEACHERS WHO APPLY QUR’AN TO EVERYDAY LIFE
MANY COUNTRIES OPERATE UNDER ISLAM = THEOCRACY
Rituals/Practices
HALAH: DIET WHICH IS OK FOR MUSLIMS TO EAT & DRINK
NO PORK/ NO ALCOHOL!5 PILLARSFRIDAY = DAY OF WORSHIP (PRAY DIRECTLY TO ALLAH) WASH FEET/HANDS
The Spread of Islam
Islam spreads through:
Trade
The Spread of Islam
Islam spreads through:
Conquest
Muslims and Conquered Peoples
EARLY MUSLIM STATES USUALLY:LET CONQUERED PEOPLES KEEP THEIR
PROPERTY AND RELIGION (HAD TO PAY A TAX)
WERE SUBJECT TO SOME RESTRICTIONSBUT COULD MARRY WHO THEY WANTED,
WORK JOBS THEY WANTED (EVEN AS OFFICIALS, SCHOLARS, ADMINISTRATORS)
JEWS OFTEN ROSE TO HIGH POSITIONS
Links to Judaism and Christianity
Allah is the same God of Judaism and Christianity.
Qur’an is Word of Allah, just as Torah and Gospels is to Jews and Christians.
Qur’an is the final book, Muhammad the final prophet.
Muslims will have a ‘Day of Judgment”
Muslim View of Christians and Jews
Muslim ancestry traced to Abraham’s Son
Share holy places w/ Jews, Christians
Christians & Jews =“People of the Book” (religious tolerance for them)