Chp 22: Religion, Politics & OilChp 22: Religion, Politics & Oil

IslamIslam Monotheistic religionMonotheistic religion Based on the teaching of the prophet Based on the teaching of the prophet

MuhammadMuhammad Believe in the Old Testament of the Bible, Believe in the Old Testament of the Bible,

(descendants of Abraham) but do not (descendants of Abraham) but do not recognize the Jewish or Christian faith as recognize the Jewish or Christian faith as accurateaccurate

Study the KoranStudy the Koran

Take Five…Take Five…

What are the five pillars of faith?What are the five pillars of faith?

Five Pillars of FaithFive Pillars of Faith

(1)(1) Faith—all believers must testify to the Faith—all believers must testify to the statement of faith—”There is no God but Allah, statement of faith—”There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”

(2)(2) Prayer—facing east (Mecca) 5 times a day—Prayer—facing east (Mecca) 5 times a day—the mosque or where ever else at prayer timethe mosque or where ever else at prayer time

(3)(3) Charity—support the poorCharity—support the poor(4)(4) Fasting—Holy month of Ramadan—do not eat Fasting—Holy month of Ramadan—do not eat

or drink from sunrise to sunsetor drink from sunrise to sunset(5)(5) Pilgrimage—(Hajj) to Mecca at least once in Pilgrimage—(Hajj) to Mecca at least once in

their lifetimetheir lifetime

““Unwritten Codes” of IslamUnwritten Codes” of Islam

Do not eat porkDo not eat pork Do not drink alcohol or take drugsDo not drink alcohol or take drugs Do not look at or participate in Do not look at or participate in

pornographypornography

MeccaMecca

Take Five…Take Five…

Why is Mecca so important? What other Why is Mecca so important? What other religions claim heritage to this region?religions claim heritage to this region?

So…what’s with the black box?So…what’s with the black box?

The Spread of Islam--CrusadesThe Spread of Islam--Crusades

The rise and fall of the Ottoman EmpireThe rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire

Colonization and Imperialism Colonization and Imperialism

Take Five…Take Five…

Look at the chart on pg 505—what are the Look at the chart on pg 505—what are the top 3 middle eastern oil producing top 3 middle eastern oil producing countries? What percentage of oil income countries? What percentage of oil income is their GDP?is their GDP?

The Unification of Saudi ArabiaThe Unification of Saudi Arabia

King Abdul al King Abdul al

Aziz Ibn SaudAziz Ibn Saud

Unites the regionUnites the region

Becomes SaudiBecomes Saudi

Arabia in 1932Arabia in 1932

Oil discovered inOil discovered in

19361936

TheocraciesTheocracies

Government based on the teachings of the Government based on the teachings of the KoranKoran Saudi Arabia=monarchy of the royal Saud Saudi Arabia=monarchy of the royal Saud

familyfamily IranIran Iraq=moving towards a democracyIraq=moving towards a democracy

Women in the Middle EastWomen in the Middle East Many must wear the veilMany must wear the veil Cannot be photographedCannot be photographed Must not be married to more Must not be married to more

than one manthan one man Are considered the property of Are considered the property of

their fathers, husbands, their fathers, husbands, uncles, other male family uncles, other male family membersmembers

Cannot vote, drive, hold Cannot vote, drive, hold government jobs or any jobs government jobs or any jobs outside the homeoutside the home

Can be punished—even to Can be punished—even to death—by their male family death—by their male family membersmembers

Queen Rania of JordanQueen Rania of Jordan

Shifting away from Shifting away from more traditional roles more traditional roles for women to new for women to new modern ideas in modern ideas in SOME areas…SOME areas…

In Class Assignment…In Class Assignment…

Complete the Chp 22 Assessment on pg Complete the Chp 22 Assessment on pg 522-523522-523 A, B and Main IdeasA, B and Main Ideas

Take FiveTake Five

Complete the skill builder questions on pg Complete the skill builder questions on pg 512512

Oil Dominates the Middle EastOil Dominates the Middle East

Kuwait, Saudi Arabia & the United Arab Kuwait, Saudi Arabia & the United Arab Emirates = largest produces of oilEmirates = largest produces of oil

OPEC= Organization of Petroleum OPEC= Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (12 countries)Exporting Countries (12 countries) Control worldwide oil pricesControl worldwide oil prices Including : Qatar, Iran & IraqIncluding : Qatar, Iran & Iraq

OPECOPEC

Take Five…Take Five…

From the graph…which country has the From the graph…which country has the largest percentage of exporting oil with largest percentage of exporting oil with OPEC?OPEC?

Modern Day Middle EastModern Day Middle East

Souks have been replaced by modern day Souks have been replaced by modern day buying and sellingbuying and selling

Roughly 70% of the population are Roughly 70% of the population are projected to be urban by 2015 verses the projected to be urban by 2015 verses the Bedouins of the pastBedouins of the past

Workers have become more educated to Workers have become more educated to meet the needs of the technological agemeet the needs of the technological age

Foreign workers brought in to complete Foreign workers brought in to complete jobsjobs

Eastern MediterraneanEastern Mediterranean

Religious Tensions over JerusalemReligious Tensions over JerusalemMuslimsMuslims= 3= 3rdrd most holy city most holy cityJewsJews=Capital of Israel—historic homeland. =Capital of Israel—historic homeland. Temple Mount housed Solomon’s First TempleTemple Mount housed Solomon’s First Temple—still pray at the remains of the Second Temple —still pray at the remains of the Second Temple destroyed by Rome in 70 ADdestroyed by Rome in 70 ADChristiansChristians=historic holy city of Abraham and =historic holy city of Abraham and crucifixion of Jesuscrucifixion of Jesus

Western Wall of 2Western Wall of 2ndnd Temple Ruins Temple Ruins

Dome of the RockDome of the Rock

Religious symbolismReligious symbolism

Western wall—remains of the 2Western wall—remains of the 2ndnd Temple Temple constructed before the Roman Empireconstructed before the Roman Empire

Dome of the rock—Jews & Christians Dome of the rock—Jews & Christians believe the sight of Abraham’s sacrifice of believe the sight of Abraham’s sacrifice of Issac; Muslims believe the sight where Issac; Muslims believe the sight where Muhammad ascended into heavenMuhammad ascended into heaven

The Zionist movementThe Zionist movement

Great Britain controlled Palestine prior to WWI Great Britain controlled Palestine prior to WWI during Imperialismduring Imperialism

12% of the population of Palestine were Jewish 12% of the population of Palestine were Jewish (1914)(1914)

British allowed Jewish immigration to PalestineBritish allowed Jewish immigration to Palestine1939 G. Britain stopped Jewish immigration due to 1939 G. Britain stopped Jewish immigration due to

Arab conflict Arab conflict The creation of the Jewish state of IsraelThe creation of the Jewish state of Israel1948 after WWII, Israel was given to the Jewish 1948 after WWII, Israel was given to the Jewish

people by the United Nations and Palestine was people by the United Nations and Palestine was divided into 2 statesdivided into 2 states

Conflict remainsConflict remains

PLO (Plaestine Liberation Organization)PLO (Plaestine Liberation Organization) United Nations refugee camps (53)United Nations refugee camps (53)

3.6 million people3.6 million people 2003-12003-1stst Palestian Prime Minister Abu Palestian Prime Minister Abu

Mazen agreed to the “road map”Mazen agreed to the “road map”

The NortheastThe Northeast

Turkey, Iran, Iraq & AfghanistanTurkey, Iran, Iraq & Afghanistan Fertile Crescent—Tigris and Euphrates Fertile Crescent—Tigris and Euphrates

Rivers meet here—birthplace of humanity Rivers meet here—birthplace of humanity in early Mesopotamiain early Mesopotamia

Different ethnic groups: Kurds, Turks & Different ethnic groups: Kurds, Turks & PersiansPersians

Different languages: Turkish, Arabic & Different languages: Turkish, Arabic & FarsiFarsi

Religious Differences with IslamReligious Differences with Islam

SunniSunni 83% all Muslims are Sunni83% all Muslims are Sunni

Shi’iteShi’ite

Clashes over LandClashes over Land

Kurds in a stateless nationKurds in a stateless nation Genocide by Sadam Hussain of Iraq Genocide by Sadam Hussain of Iraq

during 1during 1stst Gulf War Gulf War Clashes over Persian Gulf oil fieldsClashes over Persian Gulf oil fields

Iran, Iraq, KuwaitIran, Iraq, Kuwait

Clashes over LeadershipClashes over Leadership

Military dictatorshipsMilitary dictatorships IranIran

• Corrupt elections Corrupt elections IraqIraq

• Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein• More democratic leadershipMore democratic leadership

AfghanistanAfghanistan• Hamid KarzaiHamid Karzai• TalibanTaliban

Osama bin Laden & al-Qaeda terroristsOsama bin Laden & al-Qaeda terrorists

The Great Divide—Islam dividedThe Great Divide—Islam divided

SunniSunni The Caliphate should The Caliphate should

lead the Islamic lead the Islamic religionreligion

Shi’iteShi’ite The followers of Ali—The followers of Ali—

direct descendants of direct descendants of Muhammad should Muhammad should lead the Islamic lead the Islamic religionreligion

Muhammad died Muhammad died without a male heir—without a male heir—his son in law (also his his son in law (also his cousin) was the cousin) was the closest male heirclosest male heir

Chp 23Chp 23

Today’s Issues for Southwest AsiaToday’s Issues for Southwest Asia

Population RelocationPopulation Relocation War ravaged areas left behind refugeesWar ravaged areas left behind refugees Refugees cannot return homeRefugees cannot return home

Example: Kurds—pushed out of Iraq, Afghanistan, Example: Kurds—pushed out of Iraq, Afghanistan, Turkey, Syria and IranTurkey, Syria and Iran

Genocide of Kurds by Saddam Hussein Genocide of Kurds by Saddam Hussein Estimated 70,000 Kurds displaced and living in Estimated 70,000 Kurds displaced and living in

refugee camps in 2000refugee camps in 2000 Example: Palestinians—relocated from their homes Example: Palestinians—relocated from their homes

in Israel due to their Arab heritagein Israel due to their Arab heritage Palestinians living on the West Bank and in the Gaza Palestinians living on the West Bank and in the Gaza

Strip—displaced from their homes in now Israel=3.6 Strip—displaced from their homes in now Israel=3.6 million living in refugee camps (2005)million living in refugee camps (2005)

UN Resolution 194UN Resolution 194

““Palestinians have the right to return…”Palestinians have the right to return…”

Pros and Cons of Oil Rich AreasPros and Cons of Oil Rich Areas

ProsPros Great wealth from oil profitsGreat wealth from oil profits Rapid urbanization from oil profitsRapid urbanization from oil profits

ConsCons Conflict over oil fields—has led to warConflict over oil fields—has led to war Rapid urbanization requires skilled & Rapid urbanization requires skilled &

educated workforce as well as unskilled educated workforce as well as unskilled workersworkers• ““Guest workers”Guest workers”

Guest workersGuest workers

Skilled workers=Europe, U.S. other Skilled workers=Europe, U.S. other advanced societiesadvanced societies

Unskilled workers=South and East AsiaUnskilled workers=South and East Asia Mostly undesirable workMostly undesirable work Ex: 1999, 90% of the UAE workforce was Ex: 1999, 90% of the UAE workforce was

made up of immigrantsmade up of immigrants Immigrant issues—language barriers, cultural Immigrant issues—language barriers, cultural

differences, ethnic conflicts, weakened differences, ethnic conflicts, weakened national identity etcnational identity etc

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Conflicts with “guest workers”Conflicts with “guest workers”

Conflicts over cultural differencesConflicts over cultural differences Immigrants may find themselves in prison Immigrants may find themselves in prison

without any legal recoursewithout any legal recourse Immigrants have few rightsImmigrants have few rights Immigrants may not be paid in a timely Immigrants may not be paid in a timely

manner or even not at all—cannot return manner or even not at all—cannot return to their home countryto their home country

Living in separate areas of the countryLiving in separate areas of the country

www.foxnews.comwww.foxnews.com American Workers Urged to Leave Saudi ArabiaAmerican Workers Urged to Leave Saudi Arabia Tuesday, June 15, 2004Tuesday, June 15, 2004 WASHINGTON —  The U.S. government renewed its call on Monday for WASHINGTON —  The U.S. government renewed its call on Monday for

Americans to leave Saudi Arabia (Americans to leave Saudi Arabia (searchsearch) after the recent terrorist ) after the recent terrorist attacks, saying the safety of U.S. workers was more important than any attacks, saying the safety of U.S. workers was more important than any effect on oil supplies or the Saudi economy.effect on oil supplies or the Saudi economy.

An estimated 35,000 Americans have been working in Saudi Arabia An estimated 35,000 Americans have been working in Saudi Arabia and it was unclear how many have left since the increase in attacks, and it was unclear how many have left since the increase in attacks, which have come at the same time the Bush administration has been which have come at the same time the Bush administration has been pressing the Saudis to boost oil production to help lower gas prices in pressing the Saudis to boost oil production to help lower gas prices in the United States.the United States.

Referring to U.S. workers in Saudi Arabia, State Department (Referring to U.S. workers in Saudi Arabia, State Department (searchsearch) spokesman Richard Boucher said, "We first and foremost have a ) spokesman Richard Boucher said, "We first and foremost have a responsibility to Americans. We need to give them our best advice on how responsibility to Americans. We need to give them our best advice on how to handle any particular situation overseas."to handle any particular situation overseas."

Workers compound in Saudi ArabiaWorkers compound in Saudi Arabia

Take Five…Take Five…

Complete the Skill Builder questions on pg Complete the Skill Builder questions on pg 526526

Oil Wealth Fuels ChangeOil Wealth Fuels Change

““black gold”=Strategic commodityblack gold”=Strategic commodity 64% of the world’s oil deposits64% of the world’s oil deposits 34% of the world’s natural gas34% of the world’s natural gas Variable oil prices leads to unstable Variable oil prices leads to unstable

economieseconomies

Using Oil Wealth to DiversifyUsing Oil Wealth to Diversify

Using the profits from oil to make modern Using the profits from oil to make modern day improvementsday improvements

Improvements in InfrastructureImprovements in Infrastructure New roads, airports, irrigation networks, New roads, airports, irrigation networks,

desalinization plants, information technology desalinization plants, information technology systems etc…systems etc…

Using Oil Wealth to DiversifyUsing Oil Wealth to Diversify

Using oil profits to create new economic Using oil profits to create new economic opportunities besides oilopportunities besides oil

Agriculture improvements with irrigation Agriculture improvements with irrigation systems, wells and desalinization plantssystems, wells and desalinization plants

Developing mines for copper and other Developing mines for copper and other mineralsminerals

Investing in education—even women in Investing in education—even women in many countriesmany countries

Complete the mental map…Complete the mental map…

Draw a mental map of the shape of the Middle Draw a mental map of the shape of the Middle East…East…

Then, using the blank map provided, find the Then, using the blank map provided, find the following locations:following locations:

Gaza StripGaza Strip Mt. Ararat Mt. Ararat Taurus MtnsTaurus Mtns Zagros Mtns Zagros Mtns IsraelIsrael TurkeyTurkey UAEUAE MedinaMedina IstanbulIstanbul Tele-AvivTele-Aviv

In Class Assignment…In Class Assignment…

Work in groups of no more than 4 to Work in groups of no more than 4 to complete the case study at the end of Chp complete the case study at the end of Chp 23 in your textbook—will go in your 23 in your textbook—will go in your portfolioportfolio