1. 1. BAC. FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FST3201 BASIC FOOD MICROBIOLOGY FOOD BORNE DISEASE VIBRIO CHOLERAE GROUP MEMBERS : 1. AW YING HONG 176485 2. SOFIA NADIAH BINTI HASHIM 178303 3. NUR AIDA BINTI AMIR 178843 4. PUTERI NAZIFAH BINTI MEGAT ABU BAKAR 180705 5. MOHD ZAFREEN BIN SHAHRIL 180344
2. 2. VIBRIO CHOLERAE - MORPHOLOGY Gram-negative bacteria comma-shaped has a flagella at one cell pole has very thin fibrous layer on the outside of the outer membrane
3. 3. There are numerous strains of V. cholerae, some of which are pathogenic and some of which are not. v. cholerae survives the high acidic environment of the stomach, it will stick to the walls of the small intestine and reproduce. DO YOU KNOW ???
4. 4. VIBRIO CHOLERAE IS A FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE A facultative anaerobe is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation or anaerobic respiration if oxygen is absent.
5. 5. WHERE IT CAN BE FOUND ??? The cholera bacterium is usually found in or that have been contaminated by faeces (poop) from a person infected with cholera.
6. 6. Poor Sanitation Inadequate Hygiene Inadequate Water Treatment EASILY SPREAD DUE TO :
7. 7. REPORTED CASES : CHOLERA AND THE 2010 HAITIAN EARTHQUAKE The devastating 2010 earthquake in Haiti killed over people. The survivors had to deal with the loss of loved ones, rebuilding homes and seeking out a livelihood. Unbeknownst to them, they also had to contend with an invisible microbe that wreaked havoc in the aftermath of the earthquake. In the two years following the earthquake almost a half a million cases of cholera were reported and over 6,600 people died of the disease in Haiti. This was the biggest outbreak of cholera in over a century.
8. 8. SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE o Symptoms of cholera can begin as soon as a few hours or as long as five days after infection. o Often, symptoms are mild. But sometimes they are very serious. o About one in 20 people infected have severe watery diarrhea accompanied by vomiting, which can quickly lead to dehydration. o Although many infected people may have minimal or no symptoms, they can still contribute to spread of the infection
9. 9. SYMPTOMS : 1. Diarrhea. Cholera-related diarrhea comes on suddenly and may quickly cause dangerous fluid loss as much as a quart (about 1 liter) an hour. Diarrhea due to cholera often has a pale, milky appearance that resembles water in which rice has been rinsed (rice-water stool). 2. Nausea and vomiting. Occurring especially in the early stages of cholera, vomiting may persist for hours at a time. 3. Dehydration. Dehydration can develop within hours after the onset of cholera symptoms. Depending on how many body fluids have been lost, dehydration can range from mild to severe. A loss of 10 percent or more of total body weight indicates severe dehydration.
10. 10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DEHYDRATION Heart Arrhythmia (Irregular heartbeat) Low blood pressure Skin Loss of skin elasticity Dry and shriveled skin Nasal Dry mucous membrane ( mouth, throat, nose & eyelids) Extreme thirst Muscle Muscle cramps Lethargy (lack of energy & enthusiasm) Behaviour Irritable (easily upset) Urinary System Little / no urine output
11. 11. If the dehydration is not treated, it can lead to shock and death in a matter of hours.
12. 12. TREATMENT Main treatment: Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement (Hydration) Depending on how severe the diarrhea is, treatment will consist of oral or intravenous solutions Severe infections dehydration occurs: antibiotics kill the bacteria reduce the duration of diarrhea by half reduce the excretion of the bacteria
13. 13. Rapid treatment with fluid and electrolytes : - helps to prevent the spread of the disease. - result in better outcomes while people with other health problems beside cholera (those who are not rapidly replenished with fluid treatments tend to have a poorer prognosis)
14. 14. DIAGNOSE & DETECTION It is hard to distinguish a single patient with cholera from a patient infected by another pathogen that caused acute watery diarrhea without testing a stool sample. Diagnosis can be made by isolation of bacteria from diarrhea fluid on selective medium(TCBS) Vibrio cholera growing on TCBS
15. 15. The selective media : Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose (TCBS) Agar Plates is ideal for isolation and detection. Reagents for grouping vibrio cholera are available in all state health department. In area that has no laboratories equipment, the crystal VC dipstick test can provide early detection and warning to public health that cholera outbreak is occurring. Using culture-based method is more suitable for identification of vibrio cholera
16. 16. Use and drink bottled, boiled, or chemically disinfected water for daily activities Avoid raw foods Unpeeled fruits and vegetables Unpasteurized milk and milk products Raw or undercooked meat or shellfish Fish caught in tropical reefs, which may be contaminated Wash hands regularly with soap Avoid areas and people with cholera PREVENTION
17. 17. REFERENCES http://study.com/academy/lesson/vibrio-cholerae-symptoms- treatment-and-morphology.html http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/general/index.html http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Vibrio_cholerae http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae http://www.medicinenet.com/cholera/article.htm http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/cholera-faq http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+h ealth+internet/health+topics/health+conditions+prevention+and+treat ment/infectious+diseases/cholera THANK YOU & HAVE A GOOD DAY !!!