chloropicrin fumigation to control fusarium wilt of burley ... · 1.kt209(1) 2.kt210(5)...

Chloropicrin fumigation to control fusarium

wilt of burley tobacco in Kentucky

Colin Fisher, Bob Pearce, Jeff Kinney

48th TWC, Myrtle Beach, SC, January 15-18, 2018

University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

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Fusarium Wilt 2018

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• Resilient in soil– chlamydospores

• Control– resistance– nematodes

• Virginia Tech, 2017. Disease and Nematode Management• usually associated with nematode injury in flue-

cured tobacco, but not necessarily in burley• soil fumigation using a product that contains more

than 2% chloropicrin may be required when significant stand loss occurs.

Fusarium oxysporum 2018

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Kentucky Tennessee Tobacco Improvement Initiative (KTTII)

2018

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KT 210Fusarium wilt resistance rating = 5

14% dead/symptoms at harvest

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Objective: Test effectiveness of chloropicrin fumigation on fusarium wilt control

Treatments 2015:Split-split plot with 4 reps of:

Fumigation method (main plots):1. Broadcast2. Bedded

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Objective: test effectiveness of chloropicrin fumigation on fusarium wilt control



Fumigation rate (sub-plot):1. None2. Low – 70 lb./acre3. High – 140 lb./acre

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Varieties (resistance level, max = 10) (split plot):1. KT 209 (1)2. KT 210 (5)

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Treatments 2016:Split plot with 8 reps of:

Fumigation method:1. Broadcast2.


Varieties (resistance level, max = 10) (split plot):1. KT 209 (1)2. KT 210 (5)

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Border

Harvest

Border

Harvest

Var A Var B

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3540455055606570758085

1-M

ar8-

Mar

15-M

ar22

-Mar

29-M

ar5-

Apr

12-A

pr19

-Apr

26-A

pr3-

May

10-M

ay17

-May

24-M

ay31

-May

7-Ju

n14

-Jun

21-Ju

n

Tem

pera

ture

, o FBare Soil 4"

Daily Max Daily Min

Mean Soil Temperature, 1986 - 2014

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Operation Product 2015 2016Fumigation chloropicrin 11-May 31-MayHerbicide glyphosate 8-JunSet 18-Jun 27-JunHerbicide napropamide 22-Jun 30-JunDisease count 4-Sep 31-AugTopped 4-Sep 12-SepSuckercide FA 4-Sep 12-SepSuckercide FA + DNA 11-Sep 23-SepDisease count 4-Oct 7-OctHarvest 5-Oct 11-Oct

Chronology

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0

5

10

15

20

0 70 140

Fusa

rium

Inci

denc

e, %

Chloropicrin Rate, lb./acre

Method x Rate

Broadcast Bedded

0

5

10

15

0 70 140

Fusa

rium

Inci

denc

e, %


Rate

ab

a

b

ab ab

a

NS

2015Disease Incidence, %

2018

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1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

KT 209 KT 210

Yiel

d, lb

./acr

e

Variety

Variety

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

0 70 140

Yiel

d, lb

./acr

e

Chloropicrin Rate

Rate

2015Yield

NS

a

b

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0

20

40

60

80

100

0 70 140

Flow

ers,

%

Chloropicrin Rate

Rate

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

Broadcast Bedded

Flow

ers,

%

Application Method

Method

a

cb

a

b

Flowers at Topping2015

2018

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 70 140

Dis

ease

Inci

denc

e, %


Rate x Variety

KT 209 KT 210

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

KT 209 KT 210

Dis

ease

Inci

denc

e, %

Variety

VarietyDisease Incidence

2016

NS a

b

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1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

0 70 140

Yiel

d, lb

./acr

e


Rate x Variety

KT 209 KT 210

Yield2016

NS

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1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

KT 209 KT 210Yi

eld,

lb./a

cre

Variety

Variety

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

0 70 140

Yiel

d, lb

./acr

e

Fumigation Rate, lb./acre

Rate

a

bab

a

b

Yield2016

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Rain

, in

Seasonal Cumulative Rainfall

201420152016

28.7

1.8

14.2

KT 210Disease

Incidence

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Chloropicrin fumigation No (or very little - 2015?) effect on incidence of

fusarium wilt• regardless of application method

100 – 200 lb./acre increase in yield• probably unrelated to fusarium control

Marked effect on flowering date (2015)• rate• method

Summary

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Resistance Increase in resistance rating

from 1 (KT 209) to 5 (KT 210) • reduced disease incidence by 20% • increased yield by 250 – 500 lb./acre

Seasonal weather important factor

Summary

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For burley in Kentucky, chloropicrin fumigation of fusarium-infected fields

• does not appreciably decrease disease incidence,if at all

• does give moderate yield increase• probably not directly related to fusarium control

• weather-related timing of fumigation can be problematical

• Therefore, would not recommend chloropicrin fumigation for fusarium wilt control in Kentucky burley

Conclusions

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Financial support: TriEst Ag

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chloropicrin fumigation to control fusarium wilt of burley ... · 1.kt209(1) 2.kt210(5)...

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