Chinese ring of steel around Chinese ring of steel around IndiaIndia

NORTH OF INDIA : In Occupied NORTH OF INDIA : In Occupied TibetTibet

China has constructed 13 air bases China has constructed 13 air bases

Lays Gormo-Laksha oil pipeline to ease its Lays Gormo-Laksha oil pipeline to ease its problem of supplying fuel to its forces in problem of supplying fuel to its forces in TibetTibet

Constructs rail link to Lasha which will Constructs rail link to Lasha which will address its supply problems to its forces in address its supply problems to its forces in Tibet.Tibet.

IN THE NORTH AND CLOSE TO IN THE NORTH AND CLOSE TO KASHMIRKASHMIR

The People's Liberation Army is setting The People's Liberation Army is setting up at least two offensively configured, up at least two offensively configured, armour-heavy mechanised corps armour-heavy mechanised corps modelled after the Soviet Operational modelled after the Soviet Operational Manoeuvre Groups of the 1980sManoeuvre Groups of the 1980s. . Using Using Xinjiang as their springboard, they will Xinjiang as their springboard, they will 'become China's new strategic weapon''become China's new strategic weapon'

CHINA IN INDIA’S NORTHWEST : CHINA IN INDIA’S NORTHWEST : PAKISTANPAKISTAN

China supplies 70 percent of military China supplies 70 percent of military aircraft and Main Battle Tanks (MBT) to aircraft and Main Battle Tanks (MBT) to Pakistan. Pakistan. Almost every missile project in Pakistan Almost every missile project in Pakistan has been initiated through active Chinese has been initiated through active Chinese or North Korean assistance or North Korean assistance China has supplied Pakistan with over China has supplied Pakistan with over 1,600 main battle tanks, 400 combat 1,600 main battle tanks, 400 combat aircraft and about 40 naval vessels aircraft and about 40 naval vessels

CHINA IN INDIA’S WESTCHINA IN INDIA’S WEST

Gwadar portGwadar port in Pakistan, being developed by China in Pakistan, being developed by China is one of the world's largest deep-sea ports that will is one of the world's largest deep-sea ports that will double Pakistan's sea-trading capacity.It already double Pakistan's sea-trading capacity.It already houses a Chinese electronic listening post houses a Chinese electronic listening post . .

Gwadar, will not only arm Pakistan with critical Gwadar, will not only arm Pakistan with critical strategic depth against a 1971-style Indian attempt to strategic depth against a 1971-style Indian attempt to bottle up its navy, but it will also open the way to the bottle up its navy, but it will also open the way to the arrival of Chinese submarines in India's proximity, arrival of Chinese submarines in India's proximity, completing India's strategic encirclement by Beijing.completing India's strategic encirclement by Beijing.

GWADAR DEEP WATER PORT

CHINA LINKS INDIA’S NORTH CHINA LINKS INDIA’S NORTH AND WESTAND WEST

Karakoram highwayKarakoram highway : Beijing is reinforcing : Beijing is reinforcing the strategic significance of Gwadar by the strategic significance of Gwadar by linking it up with the Chinese built linking it up with the Chinese built Karakoram Highway (through POK) to Karakoram Highway (through POK) to western China using the Chinese-aided western China using the Chinese-aided Gwadar-Dalbandin railway extending up to Gwadar-Dalbandin railway extending up to Rawalpindi Rawalpindi

KARAKORAM

HIGHWAY

IN THE SOUTHIN THE SOUTH

HambantotaHambantota : China is attempting to : China is attempting to build a container port in Sri Lanka at build a container port in Sri Lanka at HambantotaHambantota Project 094Project 094 : By 2010, : By 2010, China intends to China intends to put into service four to six nuclear-put into service four to six nuclear-powered ballistic-missile submarines powered ballistic-missile submarines that it is building as part of the so-that it is building as part of the so-called 'Project 094‘.These are obviously called 'Project 094‘.These are obviously meant to patrol the Indian ocean.meant to patrol the Indian ocean.

Proposed Port in Sri LankaProposed Port in Sri Lanka

Proposed Chinese Military Port at Hambantaka

China’s top naval priority -China’s top naval priority -Submarine acquisition Submarine acquisition

China’s Kilo class submarineAcquired from Russia

Type 92 XIA class

Submarines are ideal for blockading a country with large coastlines

Indian ocean: China’s Ocean ?Indian ocean: China’s Ocean ?

China is rapidly modernizing its blue water navy China is rapidly modernizing its blue water navy to achieve its aim of ‘power projection’. It has a to achieve its aim of ‘power projection’. It has a large submarine force of some 71 submarines, large submarine force of some 71 submarines, though it lacks enough aircraft carriers though it lacks enough aircraft carriers

China is embarking on a $10 billion submarine China is embarking on a $10 billion submarine acquisition and upgrade program and is buying acquisition and upgrade program and is buying destroyers and frigates and equipping them with destroyers and frigates and equipping them with modern antiship cruise missiles modern antiship cruise missiles

Chinese Naval Power : Chinese Naval Power : DESTINATION – THE INDIAN DESTINATION – THE INDIAN

OCEANOCEAN

Luhai Class destroyer

Sovremenny class destroyer

Made in China.

Bought fromRussia

Luda class

Chinese naval gun similar toUS Gatling cannon

Bangladesh : China’s Pakistan in Bangladesh : China’s Pakistan in our eastour east

Bangladesh’s Armed Forces today are Bangladesh’s Armed Forces today are predominantly equipped with Chinese predominantly equipped with Chinese military hardware. The Bangladesh Army’s military hardware. The Bangladesh Army’s tanks and light tanks are of Chinese origin. tanks and light tanks are of Chinese origin. The Bangladesh Navy’s frigates and patrol The Bangladesh Navy’s frigates and patrol crafts are mostly Chinese. The crafts are mostly Chinese. The Bangladesh Air Force's combat aircraft are Bangladesh Air Force's combat aircraft are all Chinese. In short China has forged all Chinese. In short China has forged Bangladesh into a military-equipment Bangladesh into a military-equipment client state like Pakistan. client state like Pakistan.

Bangladesh : Another Chinese linkBangladesh : Another Chinese link

Bangladesh-China Defence Co-Bangladesh-China Defence Co-operation Agreement: operation Agreement: Signed between Signed between Bangladesh and China during the visit of Bangladesh and China during the visit of Bangladesh Prime Minister,the staunchly Bangladesh Prime Minister,the staunchly anti-Indian Begum Khaleda Zia ‘s visit to anti-Indian Begum Khaleda Zia ‘s visit to China from December 23 to 27, 2002. China from December 23 to 27, 2002.

Implications of Bangladesh China Implications of Bangladesh China agreementagreement

Bangladesh has plans to expand, upgrade and Bangladesh has plans to expand, upgrade and modernize her armed forces.modernize her armed forces.China is willing to under-write Bangladesh’s military China is willing to under-write Bangladesh’s military plans above.plans above.The emphasis on “to enhance cooperation in training, The emphasis on “to enhance cooperation in training, maintenance and some areas in defense production” maintenance and some areas in defense production” should normally imply ‘induction of more modern military should normally imply ‘induction of more modern military hardware, as these activities would not be applicable to hardware, as these activities would not be applicable to older generation of military hardware.older generation of military hardware.Deliberate secrecy and ambiguity has been maintained Deliberate secrecy and ambiguity has been maintained in terms of the scope of the agreement. This gives in terms of the scope of the agreement. This gives leeway for widening the strategic cooperation in the leeway for widening the strategic cooperation in the future.future.

Burma : China’s closest ally in our Burma : China’s closest ally in our EastEast

China has developed close ties to the military regime in China has developed close ties to the military regime in Rangoon and turned a nation wary of China into a Rangoon and turned a nation wary of China into a "satellite" of Beijing close to the Strait of Malacca."satellite" of Beijing close to the Strait of Malacca.China is building naval bases in Burma and has China is building naval bases in Burma and has electronic intelligence gathering facilities on islands in electronic intelligence gathering facilities on islands in the Bay of Bengal and near the Strait of Malacca. Beijing the Bay of Bengal and near the Strait of Malacca. Beijing also supplied Burma with "billions of dollars in military also supplied Burma with "billions of dollars in military assistance to support a de facto military alliance," assistance to support a de facto military alliance," They have opened up the old Burma-China road as well They have opened up the old Burma-China road as well as the Irrawady river for traffic. These will facilitate rapid as the Irrawady river for traffic. These will facilitate rapid troop movement as and when required. troop movement as and when required.

IRRAWADDY CORRIDOOR

IN THE EAST : COCO ISLANDSIN THE EAST : COCO ISLANDS

The electronic intelligence station on Great Coco The electronic intelligence station on Great Coco Island in the Bay of Bengal, some 300 kms Island in the Bay of Bengal, some 300 kms south of the Burmese mainland, is the most south of the Burmese mainland, is the most important Chinese electronic intelligence important Chinese electronic intelligence installation in Myanmar [Burma]. installation in Myanmar [Burma]. The Coco Islands are an ideal location for The Coco Islands are an ideal location for monitoring Indian naval and missile launch monitoring Indian naval and missile launch facilities in Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the facilities in Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the south and movements of the Indian Navy and south and movements of the Indian Navy and other navies throughout the eastern Indian other navies throughout the eastern Indian Ocean. Ocean.

Maoist Nepal : Chinese Proxy Maoist Nepal : Chinese Proxy

A Maoist Nepal under Chinese influence A Maoist Nepal under Chinese influence could bring Chinese military presence on could bring Chinese military presence on Bihar’s and Uttar Pradesh’s borders with Bihar’s and Uttar Pradesh’s borders with Nepal. This would entail sizeable Indian Nepal. This would entail sizeable Indian military deployments on the Indo-Nepal military deployments on the Indo-Nepal border. border.