Chinese Dynasties of Unit 2Unit 2: 600CE - 1450CE

Chinese DynastiesChinese Dynasties

SuiSuiTangTangSongSong

Chinese DynastiesChinese DynastiesFrom beginning to end…From beginning to end…

Xia Dynasty 1994 BCE - 1766 BCE Xia Dynasty 1994 BCE - 1766 BCE Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE - 1027 BCE Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE - 1027 BCE Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE Qin Dynasty 221 BCE - 206 BCE Qin Dynasty 221 BCE - 206 BCE Early Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 9 AD Early Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 9 AD Xin Dynasty 9 AD - 24 AD Xin Dynasty 9 AD - 24 AD Later Han Dynasty 25 AD - 220 AD Later Han Dynasty 25 AD - 220 AD Three Kingdoms - Period of Disunion 220 AD - 280 AD Three Kingdoms - Period of Disunion 220 AD - 280 AD Sui Dynasty 589 AD - 618 AD Sui Dynasty 589 AD - 618 AD Tang Dynasty 618 AD - 907 AD Tang Dynasty 618 AD - 907 AD Sung Dynasty 969 AD - 1279 AD Sung Dynasty 969 AD - 1279 AD Yuan Dyansty 1279 AD - 1368 AD Yuan Dyansty 1279 AD - 1368 AD Ming Dynasty 1368 AD - 1644 AD Ming Dynasty 1368 AD - 1644 AD Manchu or Qing Dynasty 1644 AD - 1912 AD Manchu or Qing Dynasty 1644 AD - 1912 AD

Let’s Sing!Let’s Sing!Shang, Zhou, Qin, HanShang, Zhou, Qin, Han

Shang, Zhou, Qin, HanShang, Zhou, Qin, Han

Sui, Tang, SongSui, Tang, Song

Sui, Tang, SongSui, Tang, Song

Yuan, Ming, Qing, RepublicYuan, Ming, Qing, Republic

Yuan, Ming, Qing, RepublicYuan, Ming, Qing, Republic

Mao Zedong, Mao ZedongMao Zedong, Mao Zedong

Post-Han ChinaPost-Han China

Period of the Six Dynasties (220-Period of the Six Dynasties (220-589CE)589CE)– Bureaucracy collapsedBureaucracy collapsed– Buddhism gained strength, replacing Buddhism gained strength, replacing

ConfucianismConfucianism– Non-Chinese nomads rule much Chinese Non-Chinese nomads rule much Chinese

territoryterritory

Sui Dynasty (589-618CE)Sui Dynasty (589-618CE)

Established by Established by WendiWendi– Lowered taxesLowered taxes– Established Established

granaries – granaries – stable, cheap stable, cheap food supplyfood supply

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Sui Dynasty (589-618CE)Sui Dynasty (589-618CE) Yangdi replaced his father, WendiYangdi replaced his father, Wendi

– Brought scholar-gentry back into the Brought scholar-gentry back into the administrationadministration

– Expensive constructionExpensive construction New capital at LoyangNew capital at Loyang Canals to link the empireCanals to link the empire

– Failed to conquer Korea and then Failed to conquer Korea and then defeated by Turkic nomads, led to defeated by Turkic nomads, led to widespread revoltswidespread revolts

– Assassinated in 618CEAssassinated in 618CE

Tang Dynasty (618-Tang Dynasty (618-907CE)907CE)

Li Yuan won control Li Yuan won control of Chinaof China

Tang armies extend Tang armies extend to Afghanistan, to Afghanistan, dominating nomads dominating nomads on boarderson boarders– Used Turkic nomads Used Turkic nomads

in military, assimilate in military, assimilate into Chinese cultureinto Chinese culture

– Great Wall is Great Wall is repairedrepaired

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Tang Dynasty (618-Tang Dynasty (618-907CE)907CE)

Rebuilt BureaucracyRebuilt Bureaucracy– Confucian ideology restoredConfucian ideology restored– Political authority shared by imperial Political authority shared by imperial

families and scholar-gentry bureaucratsfamilies and scholar-gentry bureaucrats– Examination SystemExamination System

Training in Confucian classics and Chinese Training in Confucian classics and Chinese literatureliterature

Some commoners could rise to high levels, Some commoners could rise to high levels, but still dominated by prominent familiesbut still dominated by prominent families

Tang Dynasty (618-Tang Dynasty (618-907CE)907CE)

ReligionReligion– Confucians and Daoists opposed Buddhist Confucians and Daoists opposed Buddhist

growthgrowth Open persecution – monasteries destroyed, taxationOpen persecution – monasteries destroyed, taxation Confucianism re-emerged as central Chinese Confucianism re-emerged as central Chinese

ideologyideology

Decline of the TangDecline of the Tang– Weak leadershipWeak leadership– Nomadic frontier peoples and regional Nomadic frontier peoples and regional

governors gain influencegovernors gain influence– Worsening economic conditions lead to revoltsWorsening economic conditions lead to revolts

Song Dynasty (969-Song Dynasty (969-1279CE)1279CE)

Taizu reunited China under the SongTaizu reunited China under the Song– Failed to defeat border nomads – sets Failed to defeat border nomads – sets

legacy of weaknesslegacy of weakness PoliticsPolitics

– Not as strong politically or militarily as Not as strong politically or militarily as the Tangthe Tang

– Strong support of Confucian valuesStrong support of Confucian values Neo-Confucianism – emphasis on high Neo-Confucianism – emphasis on high

morality, hostility to foreign influence, stress morality, hostility to foreign influence, stress on tradition (stifled innovation), authority of on tradition (stifled innovation), authority of menmen

Song Dynasty (969-Song Dynasty (969-1279CE)1279CE)

DeclineDecline– Nomads on the bordersNomads on the borders– Neo-Confucianism weakens the militaryNeo-Confucianism weakens the military– Poor leadershipPoor leadership– Mongols – eventually invade Song ChinaMongols – eventually invade Song China

Legacies – Tang and Legacies – Tang and SongSong

Grand Canal – under Yangdi (Sui) and other canals Grand Canal – under Yangdi (Sui) and other canals continuecontinue

Commercial Expansion – Silk Road, maritime trade, Commercial Expansion – Silk Road, maritime trade, increased urban centersincreased urban centers

Agricultural Production – continued to increaseAgricultural Production – continued to increase Family – male-dominated households continue and Family – male-dominated households continue and

increase with Song (note foot-binding), Neo-Confucianism increase with Song (note foot-binding), Neo-Confucianism contributed to deterioration of status of womencontributed to deterioration of status of women

Technology – tools, weapons, paper money, compass, Technology – tools, weapons, paper money, compass, paper, printingpaper, printing

Art – artwork, poetry (Li Bo) – celebrating the natural Art – artwork, poetry (Li Bo) – celebrating the natural worldworld

Bureaucracy was re-establishedBureaucracy was re-established

Women vs. Men:Women vs. Men: Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism and Neo-

ConfucianismConfucianism Roles of women and menRoles of women and men Foot bindingFoot binding Wang Anshi’s reforms of the 11Wang Anshi’s reforms of the 11thth

CenturyCentury– 1085 – Wang dies1085 – Wang dies– Reforms are reversed in Song DynastyReforms are reversed in Song Dynasty