china's censorship 2.0 (green dam update)
DESCRIPTION
Talk at University of Hong Kong, "The Age of Digital Convergence" - http://jmsc.hku.hk/adccJune 12, 2009TRANSCRIPT
Chinaʼs Censorship 2.0: inside the “great firewall”
Rebecca MacKinnon
Journalism & Media Studies Centre, University of Hong Kong
1Friday, June 12, 2009
2 (or 3) kinds of censorship
2Friday, June 12, 2009
2 (or 3) kinds of censorship• “Outside the great firewall”
• Filtering of websites outside of China
2Friday, June 12, 2009
2 (or 3) kinds of censorship• “Outside the great firewall”
• Filtering of websites outside of China
• “Inside the great firewall”
• Deletion of content on domestic commercial websites
• Takedown of domestically hosted websites
• Shut-down of data centers
2Friday, June 12, 2009
2 (or 3) kinds of censorship• “Outside the great firewall”
• Filtering of websites outside of China
• “Inside the great firewall”
• Deletion of content on domestic commercial websites
• Takedown of domestically hosted websites
• Shut-down of data centers
• New 3rd category: PC-level (“Green Dam”)
2Friday, June 12, 2009
The “Great Firewall” in action
3Friday, June 12, 2009
Filtering research: Open Net Initiative
4Friday, June 12, 2009
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/china0806/index.htm
Human Rights Watch: search engine censorship research
5Friday, June 12, 2009
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/china0806/index.htm
Human Rights Watch: search engine censorship research
5Friday, June 12, 2009
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/china0806/index.htm
Human Rights Watch: search engine censorship research
5Friday, June 12, 2009
Nart Villeneuve: University of TorontoSee: http://www.nartv.org/writing/
6Friday, June 12, 2009
Blog post about “Tiananmen Mothers”
Censorship by Chinese blog-hosting companies
7Friday, June 12, 2009
Your post “Tiananmen mothers organization publishes a website” has been successfully submitted! Because it
contains sensitive words, please wait for the community editors to approve it. Please donʼt re-post. Thank you.
8Friday, June 12, 2009
15 blog hosts tested, 108 valid testsCompany A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H*
I
J
K
L
M
N**
O***
0 27 54 81 108
1
3
9
13
17
19
20
22
24
26
27
31
34
44
60
Number of blog posts tested
Blog
ser
vice
s
NOTE: Company names have been replaced with letters due to concerns that companies who censor
less will be subject to repercussions.
PUBLISHED PAPER: “Chinaʼs Censorship 2.0: How Companies censor bloggers.” First Monday.
Vol. 14, No. 2 - 2 February 2009URL: http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2378/2089
9Friday, June 12, 2009
Main findings• Censorship across 15 BSPʼs varied
even more than expected
• A great deal of politically sensitive content survives in the Chinese blogosphere despite censorship
• Censorship methods vary greatly from company to company, implying companies have at least some choice
10Friday, June 12, 2009
Bao Tong essay blasting 1-party system (with his name removed): censored by only 2 of 15
11Friday, June 12, 2009
Xinhua: Hu Jintao pep talk to Olympic athletes censored by Mop.com and Blogbus
12Friday, June 12, 2009
Xinhua: Hu Jintao pep talk to Olympic athletes censored by Mop.com and Blogbus
Mop: “Sorry, your article has been sent to the recycling station, please revise it then publish again.”
12Friday, June 12, 2009
Conclusions• Network-level filtering (“the great firewall”) is only one
part of Chinese Internet censorship.
• Domestic host-level censorship is not centralized.
• Domestic host-level censorship is outsourced by government to the private sector.
• Censorship is inconsistent - itʼs usually possible to post your content somewhere, for at least a while.
13Friday, June 12, 2009
Common Western view of Chinese censorship: “Great Firewall” is only part of the picture
14Friday, June 12, 2009
“Iron curtain 2.0”(h/t Lokman Tsui)
Photo courtesy “PC fish” on Wikipedia at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Point_Alpha_Ostseite.jpg (GNU Free Documentation License)
15Friday, June 12, 2009
“Net nanny”
Photo courtesy “merwing” at http://flickr.com/photos/merwing/2569326878/ (Creative Commons BY-NC-ND license)
16Friday, June 12, 2009
Chinese web management: Hydro-electric engineering metaphor
Photos: LEFT: “noelinthebahamas” on Flickr at http://flickr.com/photos/noelinthebahamas/2417798169/ (Creative Commons BY-NC-ND)RIGHT: “yunmeng” on Flickr at http://flickr.com/photos/yunmeng/323886547/ (Creative Commons BY-NC-SA)
17Friday, June 12, 2009
“Green Dam” software mandate: likely failure?
18Friday, June 12, 2009
“Green Dam” software mandate: likely failure?
18Friday, June 12, 2009
Anti-censorship Protest video: “song of the grass mud horse”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3tPA_Z_MT0
“cao ni ma” ＝“grass mud horse” (alpaca sheep)
草泥马
19Friday, June 12, 2009
Anti-censorship Protest video: “song of the grass mud horse”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3tPA_Z_MT0
*你妈
Same sounds, different tones =“F***your mother”
“cao ni ma” ＝“grass mud horse” (alpaca sheep)
草泥马
19Friday, June 12, 2009
20Friday, June 12, 2009
20Friday, June 12, 2009
Anti-censorhip meme:“River crab wears three watches”
21Friday, June 12, 2009
Anti-censorhip meme:“River crab wears three watches”
“Harmonious”
“He xie”
“Harmonious Society”Slogan of President Hu Jintao
21Friday, June 12, 2009
Anti-censorhip meme:“River crab wears three watches”
“Harmonious”
“He xie”
“Harmonious Society”Slogan of President Hu Jintao
三个代表
“Three Represents”Slogan of fmr. Pres. Jiang Zemin
“san ge dai biao”
21Friday, June 12, 2009
Anti-censorhip meme:“River crab wears three watches”
“Harmonious”
“He xie”
“Harmonious Society”Slogan of President Hu Jintao
“Rivercrab”
三个代表
“Three Represents”Slogan of fmr. Pres. Jiang Zemin
“san ge dai biao”
21Friday, June 12, 2009
Anti-censorhip meme:“River crab wears three watches”
“Harmonious”
“He xie”
“Harmonious Society”Slogan of President Hu Jintao
“Rivercrab”
三个代表
“Three Represents”Slogan of fmr. Pres. Jiang Zemin
“san ge dai biao”
代三个表
“dai san ge biao”
“Wears three watches”
21Friday, June 12, 2009
freedom vs. control
Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg
22Friday, June 12, 2009
freedom vs. control
Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg
22Friday, June 12, 2009
Battle on the Chinese Internet
23Friday, June 12, 2009