china’s aid & agricultural engagement in africa brautigam(2).pdfdiplomacy: china’s...
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China’s Aid & Agricultural Engagement in Africa
Deborah Brautigam
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� Economic Diplomacy & Foreign Aid� “Going Global” – “Going Out”
Chinese Interests in Agriculture
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Diplomacy: China’s Agricultural Aid From 1960s…to present
� Agriculture = 1/5 of >900 aid projects� 44 African countries have received ag aid� > 90 farms; > 48,000 hectares� 10,000 agricultural technicians� Long-term commitment: Consolidation
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Lambayama Farm: Sierra Leone
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Cameroon: Former Taiwan Irrigation Project (from 1960s)
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Cameroon: Consolidation
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Cameroon: Repair Irrigation System
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Cameroon: Reclamation
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“Going Out/Going Global”
� 1978 Open Door: “Inviting In”
� 1990s/2001: “Going Out”� Overseas Investment
� Higher value exports� Global brands & “Dragon Head” companies
� WTO & urbanization: 20 million farmers � Food security??
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China-Africa Population Densities Compared
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Import Substitution & Exports
� Mozambique: imports 400,000 mt rice� Zambia: Maize, wheat, poultry, livestock for local sale� Multiple countries: vegetables for local sale
� DR Congo*: large fuel oil/oil palm concession [??]� Sierra Leone: Sugar exports to Europe� Senegal, Ethiopia: sesame for export to China
*for more on this, see my blog: chinaafricarealstory.com
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Food Crisis & Rise in Prices
� Impact on Chinese business decisions?� Not to supply China, but to supply Africa
�African rice imports rose $4.2bil to $10.4 bil
�This is a big market
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Chinese Investors in Zambia 1990
China-Zambia Friendship Farm. Photo: James Keeley, IIED.
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Magbass Sugar Complex, Sierra Leone, 1982…2001
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China-Africa Tools of Engagement
� Traditional Aid� China Eximbank: $20 billion 2007-09� China Development Bank� China Africa Dev. Fund: $ 5 billion� South-South Cooperation with FAO� 400+ products tariff-free entry for Africa’s LDCs
(sesame, etc.)
All of these could be used for agriculture, but most are not exclusive to agriculture
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Sustaining Aid: Agro-technical Demonstration Centers� 10 pledged in November 2006� 10 more pledged in November 2009� Each operated by Chinese company or
research institute-- hybrid seeds-- agricultural machinery
-- agriculture universities
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Experiments� Outgrower Model
�Tanzania: rice
�Zimbabwe: tobacco�Not Sierra Leone: sugar
� Baoding Farmers & Uganda Concession?� Debt-Equity Swaps
�Segou sugar Mali�Togo, Madagascar
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Impact on MDGs?
� Food Access Increased� More Jobs� But risk of displacement and resettlement� Competition with Local Farmers
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Cultural Conflicts
� Gender Roles Differ in Africa� Shifting Cultivation and Usufruct Rights
�Chinese may think: “Land Everywhere! No One Use it!”
�Reality may be: Land is lying Fallow everywhere, people will use it later