china international conference on electricity distribution ... · introduction of 765 kv...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
China International Conference on Electricity Distribution 2014 (CICED2014)Shenzhen, China
September 23 – 26, 2014
![Page 2: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
American Electric Power (AEP) Overview• Among the largest electric utilities in the
United States▫ Serving 5.3 M customers in 11 states▫ Total Assets $ 56 B▫ Generating Capacity 38 GW ▫ Electric Transmission Lines ~ 40,000 Mi.▫ Electric Distribution Lines ~ 215,000 Mi.
2
![Page 3: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
$ 56 BASSETS
5.3 MCustomers
In 11 states
38 GWGeneration
40 KLine Miles OF Transmission
American Electric Power (AEP) Overview
3
![Page 4: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
AEP Electric Transmission Infrastructure
• Owns and operates facilities in three RTO/ISOs through a variety of transmission companies• Supplies approximately 10% of the demand in
the Eastern Interconnection• Owns, operates, and maintains highest capacity
transmission in the USA ~2200 Mi. of 765 kV• Pioneer in transmission technology and
construction
4
![Page 5: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Regional Transmission Organizations (RTO)
5
![Page 6: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
AEP Transmission History
6
Introduction of 138 kV
Introduction of 765 kV
Introduction of 345 kV
1917 1953 1969
36 Years 16 Years
![Page 7: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Power Supply Considerations• Safety• Reliability• Adequacy• Cost effectiveness and consistency• Resolve legacy issues• Enhance operational flexibility• Customer satisfaction• Compliance with codes and standards
7
![Page 8: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Transmission and Distribution Voltages
• Voltages 300 kV and above make up EHV• Voltages 100 kV and above considered as bulk
system and require adherence to NERC Standards/Criteria• Voltages below 100 kV classified as
subtransmission• Voltages 34.5 kV and 12 kV are typically
distribution – radial network8
![Page 9: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Role of Transmission
• Analogous to the highway system▫ “Interstate Superhighways” for electric power to
move regionally and wide distances▫ Provides the foundation for robust and reliable electric
infrastructure▫ Connects large and remotely located generation
resources to the market ▫ Provides reliable exit points to serve load centers and
distribution networks
9
![Page 10: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Transmission Mission - AEP
• Assess the adequacy of AEP’s transmission on a continuous basis and formulate plans to:▫ Maximize asset value and utilization▫ Meet reliability standards and compliance
requirements▫ Meet the electrical demands of customers including
distribution
10
![Page 11: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
AEP In-Line Switching Considerations• Switching arrangements at the tap point include:▫ Group Operated Air Break (GOAB) switch and not
part of the system automatic relaying scheme
▫ A GOAB switch equipped with automatic line sectionalizing capability is commonly referred as a “Motor Operated Air Break (MOAB) switch
▫ A Circuit Breaker (CB) provides high-speed automatic sectionalizing capability to make or break circuits and interrupt fault currents 11
![Page 12: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Transmission and Distribution Interface Challenges• Transmission Station and Line Design▫ Switching arrangements, relaying, exposure,
interruptions, etc.▫ Lightning and grounding ▫ Shunt capacitor switching surges and harmonics▫ Voltage unbalance and reactive power supply ▫ Capacity/Adequacy
12
![Page 13: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Transmission and Distribution Interface Challenges (cont’d)• Distribution System Design▫ High side transformer switching Ground Switch/MOAB scheme CB, MOAB Switch, GOAB Switch, Fuses, etc.
▫ LTC vs Non-LTC▫ Power Factor, Capacitors, etc.▫ Distribution served from tertiary of Transmission
transformers
1213
![Page 14: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Legacy Issues – T&D Interface
• In-Line switching inadequacy in connecting Distribution▫ Hard tap ▫ Manual switching ▫ Automatic switching without circuit breakers▫ Limited installation of circuit breakers• MOAB ground switch combination on the high
side of step-down transformers• Radial vs looped service • Power Factor at the interface
14
![Page 15: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Tap Station Definition and Functionality
• Any connection that results in only the associated load flowing through the connecting facilities under all conditions – radial▫ Radial line from an existing station or new station▫ Radial line from an existing or new transmission line
• Establishment of in-line facilities to carry transmission power flows in addition to radial load
15
![Page 16: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Transmission In-Line Switching Guidelines to Connect Load• GOAB manual switching – basic plan and minimum
requirement• MOAB automatic switching – based on the calculation
of Forced Outage Index (FOI)▫ FOI =Load (L) X Miles of Exposure (M) X Permanent Forced Outage Rate
(P) L = Peak load (in MW) that is directly jeopardized by the forced outage of the
subject line M= Number of miles between two existing automatic sectionalizing devices
(MOABs or CBs) plus new tap line length P = Permanent forced outage rate of the subject line (outages/year/mile)
▫ Install MOAB switches if “FOI” is equal to or greater than six (6)Note: Some exceptions are applicable on a case by case basis
16
![Page 17: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Transmission In-Line Switching Guidelines to Connect Load (cont’d)• Circuit Breaker (CB) – based on the calculation of
Momentary Permanent Outage Index (MPOI)▫ MPOI = Load (L) X Miles of Exposure X Forced Outage Rate
(Permanent Forced Outage Rate (P) + Momentary Forced Outage Rate(M))
▫ Install a CB if “MPOI” is equal to or greater than 200
Note: Some exceptions are applicable on a case by case basis including if power quality is a major concern due to forced momentary outages
17
![Page 18: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
T&D Interface Transformer Switching• No MOAB ground switch combination on the
high side of transformers▫ Eliminate forced outage of the transmission line
connected between CB terminals; avoid interruption of customers served from the intermediate tapped stations
• No high side fuses on transformers greater than 10 MVA served from 69 kV or below ▫ Above 69 kV, no fuses; high speed protection (CBs or
similar devices) required 18
![Page 19: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Looped Service vs Radial Service
• In general, looped service for Distribution load in excess of 30 MW▫ Consistent with the typical large size Distribution
transformer (30 MVA) ▫ Second transformer added when the load approaches
20 - 30 MVA
19
![Page 20: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
T&D Interface Requirements
• No undue burden on the transmission system with respect to reactive power▫ Close to unity PF – AEP criteria is 99% PF
• Elimination of unacceptable transient voltages and harmonic resonance conditions due to capacitor switching – comply with IEEE standards
20
![Page 21: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution ... · Introduction of 765 kV Introduction of 345 kV 1917 1953 1969 36 Years 16 Years. Power Supply Considerations ... part](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022090611/6076d882edcd346ba659f989/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Q & A
?21