china: from dynasties to communism. dynasties china had been ruled by dynasties (ruling families)...
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China: China: from dynasties to from dynasties to communismcommunism
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DYNASTIEDYNASTIESS
China had been ruled by dynasties (ruling families) for thousands of years
The Last Chinese Dynasty, the QING dynasty ended in 1911.
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Why the Qing Dynasty Why the Qing Dynasty FellFell
◦People were unhappy with the ruling family & money spent by them
◦Govt. corruption
◦Foreign influence
Last emperor took the throne at the age of 2
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BIRTH OF A BIRTH OF A REPUBLICREPUBLIC
The Qing collapsed when the people rebelled
The rebel group wanted China to become more modern and adopt a constitution
YUAN- was a Qing army general who did NOT fight against the rebels◦Becomes the 1st President of the Republic of
China
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YUANYUAN
After becoming President, he dismisses the National Assembly
Makes himself “President for Life” and his sons his predecessors
Dies in 1916
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1916-1916-19281928
China not unitedRuled by different warlordsIn 1921 the CCP is founded
◦(Chinese Communist Party)
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1928-19371928-1937
China is reunified under the Nationalist Party
Led by Chiang Kai Sheik (Jiang Jieshi)
Very ANTI-Communist
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ANTI-COMMUNIST MOVEMENTSANTI-COMMUNIST MOVEMENTS
(Of the Nationalists in China)
“White Terror”◦Green Gang was given the job to “eliminate” communists
◦Many communists flee to the countryside (and spread communism there)
“5 campaigns of annihilation & extermination”
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WWII BEGINSWWII BEGINS(In Asia)
7/7/1937- Japan invades China
Chiang Kai Sheik (CKS) is not ready for this- too busy trying to eliminate communists
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WWIIWWII
The Chinese people are being slaughtered by the Japanese◦Massacre/Rape of Nanjing◦13 year olds are drafted◦Troops lack food and supplies
◦Meanwhile, CKS is living in a big house, while Mao ZeDong (Communist leader) is living in a cave
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AFTER WWIIAFTER WWII
1945-1949: Bloody Civil War in China◦Nationalists (CKS) vs. Communists (Mao)
◦1949- CHINA BECOMES COMMUNIST Mao ZeDong= leader CKS & Nationalists flee to Taiwan
Chairman Mao
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CHINA UNDER MAOCHINA UNDER MAOGreat Leap Forward
Not really great- even Mao admits thisWhy didn’t ppl protest if times were so
tough◦b/c they were restricted to communes (&
not allowed to leave)◦Many thought they were the only ones
enduring the “bitter” years (not true)◦Failed b/c of poor products & lack of
incentive
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CHINA UNDER MAOCHINA UNDER MAOCultural Revolution
Launched by Mao to remind youth what their country was about
Ppl taught to LOVE communismMao’s Little Red Book- read by students in
schools, workers etc…◦Everyone must have a copy on them at all
times!Old customs, ideas, habits were to be
destroyed
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CHINA UNDER MAOCHINA UNDER MAOCultural Revolution continued
Students became “Red Guards”◦Accused people of being anti-Mao
Parents, teachers, intellectuals, wealthy
At peak, CR= lots of violence◦Students not in school◦Factories not producing (reading Mao)
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CHINA UNDER MAOCHINA UNDER MAOCultural Revolution continued
China is very sheltered at this time◦Radio, newspapers all pro-Mao propaganda
Mao dies in 1976◦This marks the end of the Cultural Revolution
◦**After Mao- Deng Xiaoping