China- Chapter 14:ii -

[Image source: http://www.nga.gov.au/TTTsui/Images/LRG/5237.jpg]

A northern official named

Yang Jian unified

China by conquering

both the north and the south.[Image source:

http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/1xarsui1.jpg]

Yang Jian took the title

Emperor Wen when he founded

the Sui dynasty.

[Image source: http://chineseswords.freewebspace.com/images/suiguards.jpg]

Emperor Wen

renewed many of the

goals and traditionsof the Han dynasty.

[Image source: http://www.artcn.net/ca/cap/ataoqi143.jpg]

He rebuilt the Han capitalof Changan.

[Image source: http://www.arch.nus.edu.sg/SOA/CASA/changan1.jpg]

[Image source: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/images/changan.gif]

Emperor Wen rebuilt the Great Wall of China.

[Image source: http://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu/~agenhtml/agenmc/china/images/scenery/gw0.gif]

Emperor Wen constructed a Grand Canal

to link southern and

Northern China.

[Image source: http://www.cis.umassd.edu/~gleun

g/geofo/xyunhe1.jpg]

[Image source: http://www.history.ubc.ca/lshin/teaching/images/maps/canal.gif]

Most of these projects were done using corvee labour, which made him very unpopular with the peasantry.

[Image source: http://egyptianchronicles.freewebsitehosting.com/DIGGINGTHESUEZCANAL5.html]

Eventually, peasant revolts destabilized the Sui government.

[Image source: http://www.cctv.com/english/TouchChina/GloryofChineseCivilization/Literature/images/20020722100020_2_li2.jpg]

The rebellious lord Li Yuan seized control from the Sui dynasty and proclaimed

himself emperor of

China.[Image source: http://www.chinatranslate.net/china/img/china-

13.jpg]

Li Yuan established the Tang dynasty, which lasted from 618 to 907 A.D.

[Image source: http://www.pitt.edu/~asian/week-10/10-2.JPG]

Tai Cong, a son of Li Yuan, was the military genius behind the early Tang expansion.

[Image source: http://www.wwnorton.com/nrl/english/nawol/maps/MAP11CHI.JPG]

Aside from being a gifted military leader,Tai Cong was also a shrewd administrator.

[Image source: http://www.imagesonline.bl.uk/britishlibrary-store/Components/64/6404_1.jpg]

Candidates for government

service had to pass a series of

civil service examinations.

[Image source: http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln471/Images471/exam.jpg]

These tests measured the

degree to whicha scholar had mastered the

Confucian Classics.

[Image source: http://www.wickedwinks.com/uni/confucious.jpg]

The Tang bureaucracy became a meritocracy – a system where people are chosen and

promoted based on talent and performance.

[Image source: http://www.nawpublishing.com/ChinesePub.htm]

Tang rulers built roads and improved navigation, which made governing the empire easier. These roads increased trade and brought prosperity.

[Image source: http://www.chineseartnet.com/ymy/life52.jpg]

Camel caravans carried the wealth of the Orientto markets in the West along the Silk Road.

[Image source: http://www.frankdux.de/images/travel/asia/silkroadtwo/_takla.jpg]

Foreign products and ideas, such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islamcame to China along the Silk Road.

[Image source: http://gallery.sjsu.edu/silkroad/map.htm]

Buddhism became very popular in

China during the Tang dynasty.

[Image source: http://www.achinatravel.com/travel

_china/Feature/images/fj.jpg]

Empress Wu, the wife of Gaozong, virtually

ruled China during the last-half of

the 600s A.D.[Image source:

http://www.history.ubc.ca/lshin/teaching/311/week10/wuzetian.htm]

Empress Wu expanded the bureaucracy and strengthened the military.

[Image source: http://chinese-armour.freewebspace.com/images/tang_armoured_troops3.jpg]

Later emperors, such as Xuanzang, became great patrons of the arts.

[Image source: http://www.nyu.edu/fas/summer/nanjing/TangDce.jpg]

Tang artisans were most

renowned for their ceramics, especially a fine

translucent pottery known in the West as

“china.”[Image source:

http://www.talariaenterprises.com/images2/4325a.jpg]

Du Fu and Li Bo, two of China’s greatest poets, flourished during the Tang.

[Image source: http://plaza.ufl.edu/recon/projects/project2/poetry/chinese/dufu.jpg]

Though a country be sundered,hills and rivers endure;

And spring comes green again to trees and grasses Where petals have been shed like tears

And lonely birds have sung their grief. . . . After the war-fires of three months, One message from home is worth a ton of gold. . . . I stroke my white hair. It has grown too thin

To hold the hairpins any more.

A SPRING VIEW

Tang scholars compiled

dictionaries and encyclopedias, and produced

histories of China.

[Image source: http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/callig/7tangstl.htm]

Buddhist monks developed a technique of block printing, which facilitated the production of books.

[Image source: http://www.nawpublishing.com/ChinesePub.htm]

Wars with Turkish and Tibetan neighbors, as well as rebellions in famine-stricken provinces, plagued

the Tang dynasty after 755 A.D.

[Image source: http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/asianstudies/TibetanPhotos/MountedWarriors.jpg]

The Tang dynasty finally collapsed in 907 A.D.

[Image source: http://www.cctv.com/english/TouchChina/GloryofChineseCivilization/Literature/images/20020722100020_2_li2.jpg]

Between 907 and 960 A.D. China was ruledby a succession of military dynasties.

[Image source: http://www.dbaol.com/images/faces/849_face.jpg]

The Song dynasty was

founded when General Zhao

Kuangyin seized the throne and

crowned himself emperor.

[Image source: http://id.chinabroadcast.cn/mmsource/images/2004/08/19/s5.jpg]

[Image source: http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/mhi/T028711A.gif]

Song scholars developed an official state-philosophy called neo-

Confucianism.

[Image source: http://www.uwec.edu/greider/WorldReligions/Confucius.jpg]

Eventually a wealthy elite of

Confucian scholars known

as mandarins came to control

the state bureaucracy.

[Image source: http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ls201/confucian4.html]

Examination cubicle

[Image source: http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ls201/confucian3.html]

Song rulers used state revenuesto fund

irrigation projects and

canals.[Image source:

http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ls201/images/irrigation_big.jpg]

Urban centers

prosperedas farming, trade, and commerce

thrived.[Image source:

http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/song/econ/manufac/bridge.gif]

Hangzhou, the capital of Song China, had over one million residents.

[Image source: http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/song/econ/im/street.gif]

Song artists were renownedfor their landscape paintings.

[Image source: http://www.red-peony.com/images/song-pipa.jpg]

Inventors developed tools that made it possible for Song sailors to navigate out of the sight of land.

[Image source: http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ls201/images/chicompass_big.jpg]

Gunpowder was first used in

fireworks at this time.

[Image source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Chinese_rocket.gif]

The Mongols conquered

north China in 1234 A.D.

[Image source: http://thomaschen.freewebspace.com/images/mongolarcher.jpg]

The remnant of the Song dynasty that survivedin southern China eventually fell in 1279 A.D.

[Image source: http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/mhi/T028711A.gif]

The Mongols established the Yűan dynasty in the 1200s A.D.

[Image source: http://www.history.ubc.ca/lshin/teaching/images/yuan/hunting.gif]

[Image source: http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Dynasty/dynasty-Yuan.jpg]

Kublai Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, ruled China from 1260 to 1294 A.D.

[Image source: http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/pastoral/cookout.gif]

The highest positions in the Yuan court were given to Mongols or foreigners.

[Image source: http://www.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/4_3-2b.jpg}

Marco Polo visited the court of

Kublai Khan and wrote about his

travels in the Orient.

[Image source: http://www.portalplanetasedna.com.ar/images/Marco0.gif]

Route of Marco Polo, circa 1271-1297

[Image source: http://www.askasia.org/silk_roads/l000098/images/map2a.gif]

[Image source: http://www.ub.uni-freiburg.de/ausstellung/marco.polo.jpg]

Under the Mongols, trade between China, Europe, and Southwest Asia flourished.

[Image source: http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/exhibit/trade/trade_routes.jpg]

On more than one occasion the Mongols attempted to invade and conquer the

island empire of Japan.

[Image source: http://samourais.free.fr/Mongols_2.jpg]

Kublai Khan was succeeded by a series

of weak rulers.

[Image source: http://www.chinapage.com/emperor/yuan1008.jpg]

In 1368 A.D. a Buddhist Monk leda rebellion which succeeded in

overthrowing the Yűan dynasty.

[Image source: http://thomaschen.freewebspace.com/catalog.html]