CHINA AND THE NEW IMPERIALISM

WARM UP: WK 23

• Pg: 161-162

• Directions: Using 5-7 sentences answer the following question.

• How does Elisa Greathed account shape your opinion about imperialism. Do you sympathize with her? Why or why not?

Where is China?

A

BC

D

China

China

Country # of Centuries # of Years

USA Over 2 centuries

Over 200 Years

China Over 40 centuries

Over 4,000 years

China had many Dynasties during the past 4,000 years.

During imperialism, China was dominated by outside powers. In exchange for European and American ‘assistance’ to keep the Qing’s rule in place, the Qing Dynasty allowed outside powers to dominate China’s trade & resources.

• 4000 year old Civilization

• Largest population in the World

• Ancient traditions: Foot binding, Concubines

• Ancient Mari-time leaders

• Zheng He eunuch/Maritime explorer during the Ming Dynasty sets out on naval expeditions

• 15th century China goes into Isolation

FACTS ABOUT CHINA

TRADE BETWEEN BRITAIN & CHINA

• Prior to the 1800’s China placed strict limits on foreign traders.

• China sold silk, porcelain and tea

• Britain sold gold & silver

• China exported more than it imported

• limited trade to one sea port

OPIUM WAR

• Late 1700’s: British merchants made huge profits trading Opium (grown in India) for Chinese Tea

• Chinese became addicted to Opium

• Chinese sold silver & gold to buy drugs

• Chinese Gov’t outlawed Opium

• British refused to stop trading

• Chinese Governments takes steps to halt Opium trade setting off the Opium wars

• Chinese Warships clashed with British merchants.

• Chinese were easily defeated because of outdated weapons

We have heard that in your own country opium is prohibited with the utmost strictness and severity- this is strong proof that you know full well how hurtful it is… Since…you do not permit it to injure your own country, you ought not to have the injurious drug transferred to another country. – Lin Zexu, Chinese Official (letter to Britain's Queen Victoria)

UNEQUAL TREATIES

• 1842: Britain made China accept the Treaty of Nanjing

• Britain:

• received huge payment for losses

• gained the island of Hong Kong

• British citizens granted extraterritoriality (the right to live under their own laws and be tried in their own courts)

• Forced China to open five ports to foreign trade

• Internal turmoil: population growth strained China’s resources, land owned by a few (wealthy elites) widespread government corruption increasing drug addiction leads to Rebellion

• The Taiping Rebellion was the largest rebellion

• 1850-1864 Taiping rebels won control of large parts of China

• Taiping reform program: abolition of private property, end of concubinage, free public education, equality of men and women

• The Rebellion almost toppled the Qing Dynasty

• Est. 20-30 million deaths

TAIPING REBELLION WEAKENS CHINA

SINO-JAPANESE WAR

• Japan began to modernize after 1868

• Japan joined the Western Imperialist in the competition for a global empire

• Japan goes to war with China, gains the island of Taiwan

• Sino-Japanese war Reveals China’s weakness

• The World rushes to carve out a spheres of influence China

IMPERIALISM OF CHINA

RESENTMENT RISES

• Protected by extraterritoriality, foreigners ignored Chinese laws

• Christian missionaries threatened traditional Confucianism

• Anti-foreign feelings exploded in the Boxer Rebellion

• A secret society, the Righteous Harmonious Fists planned to drive out the “foreign devils”

• 1900, the Boxers attacked foreigners across China known as the Boxer Rebellion its failure bringing an end to imperial China

What is going to happen in China following the Russian Revolution?

China

China ?