china and taiwan gate prof. tony o’driscoll. agenda civilization, culture, leadership and gate 2...

China and Taiwan GATE

Prof. Tony O’Driscoll

Agenda

Civilization, Culture, Leadership and GATECivilization, Culture, Leadership and GATE

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Understanding and Applying Relational ModelsUnderstanding and Applying Relational Models

Understanding and Applying Cultural DimensionsUnderstanding and Applying Cultural Dimensions

Preparing for GATEPreparing for GATE

GATE FOCUS: Why not How

GATE experience should NOT focus solely on HOW to do business in a given region, GATE experience should NOT focus solely on HOW to do business in a given region, but also on WHY business is conducted the way it is in the region.but also on WHY business is conducted the way it is in the region.

GATE experience should NOT focus solely on HOW to do business in a given region, GATE experience should NOT focus solely on HOW to do business in a given region, but also on WHY business is conducted the way it is in the region.but also on WHY business is conducted the way it is in the region.

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2012 Leadership Transitions

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Agenda


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Social Relations: Relational Models (RMs)

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Relational Model (RM)RM Domains

There are only four fundamental RMs that generate coordination systems in every domain of sociality in every culture….Just as four basic forces generate the complex and varied structures of the physical universe, four basic social bonds generate the

complex and varied structures of the social universe Fiske and Haslam

There are only four fundamental RMs that generate coordination systems in every domain of sociality in every culture….Just as four basic forces generate the complex and varied structures of the physical universe, four basic social bonds generate the

complex and varied structures of the social universe Fiske and Haslam

Relational Model DomainsEach culture implements the four RMs in many distinct ways and in different

combinations. In a particular culture, a given aspect of a given domain of sociality may be organized by any of the RMs, and the way each aspect

is organized may change historically. Fiske and Haslam

Each culture implements the four RMs in many distinct ways and in different combinations. In a particular culture, a given aspect of a given domain of sociality may be organized by any of the RMs, and the way each aspect

is organized may change historically. Fiske and Haslam

Activity: US/China Relational Models

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• Form teams of 3-4• Allocate 100 points across CS, AR, EM, MP• Identify Key Domain for top two RMs• Explain rationale for Allocation and Domains

10m

CSCS ARAR EMEM MPMP

China’s Relational Model Composite

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CCMBA 2011 CCMBA 2012 CCMBA 2013

Source: CCMBA 2010, 2011 Aggregate Responses (Shanghai,) From Pre-Residency Blog.

China RM (Post Residency)

10Source: CCMBA 2010, 2011 Aggregate Responses (Shanghai) from Post Residency Case Study Deliverable.

Composite Relational Models

Source: CCMBA 2010, 2011 Aggregate Responses (Shanghai, London, Dubai, Delhi, St. Petersburg) from Post Residency Case Study Deliverable.

Agenda


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Culture: Defining Cultural Dimensions

Culture is the set of beliefs and values about what is desirable and understandableCulture is the set of beliefs and values about what is desirable and understandable in a community of people, and a set of formal or informal practices to in a community of people, and a set of formal or informal practices to

support those values support those values Javidan and House

Culture is the set of beliefs and values about what is desirable and understandableCulture is the set of beliefs and values about what is desirable and understandable in a community of people, and a set of formal or informal practices to in a community of people, and a set of formal or informal practices to

support those values support those values Javidan and House

Source: Culture Leadership and Organizations, The GLOBE Study13

Cultural Dimensions (CD)

CD Descriptors

Activity: US/China Cultural Dimensions

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• Form teams of 3-4• Identify where the US/China vary from Avg.• Explain rationale for your CD Profile

10m

Source: Globe Study of 62 Societies, Sage 2004

US CDs

15Source: Globe Study of 62 Societies, Sage 2004

China’s Cultural Dimensions

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CCMBA 2011 CCMBA 2012 CCMBA 2013

Source: CCMBA 2010, 2011 Aggregate Responses (Shanghai) from Blog Pre-Read.

China CDs

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China, Taiwan, US CDs

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Agenda


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China’s Transitions and Tensions

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Societal: Haves and Have-Nots

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Societal: Rural Agrarian Confucianism

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Societal Transition

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Over 150 million migrant workers have fled the countryside to live in factory dorms or Over 150 million migrant workers have fled the countryside to live in factory dorms or shantytowns and subsist on very basic wages and very limited access to health care. shantytowns and subsist on very basic wages and very limited access to health care.

The Chinese lack a social safety net and they feel they must sock away money for The Chinese lack a social safety net and they feel they must sock away money for retirement, college fees, and unforeseen health disasters. retirement, college fees, and unforeseen health disasters.

Over 150 million migrant workers have fled the countryside to live in factory dorms or Over 150 million migrant workers have fled the countryside to live in factory dorms or shantytowns and subsist on very basic wages and very limited access to health care. shantytowns and subsist on very basic wages and very limited access to health care.

The Chinese lack a social safety net and they feel they must sock away money for The Chinese lack a social safety net and they feel they must sock away money for retirement, college fees, and unforeseen health disasters. retirement, college fees, and unforeseen health disasters.

Following the Financial Collapse, is the current economic situation in China sufficient to quell the social unrest bubbling below the surface?

Do the millions of migrant workers still feel that their life in the cities where they work is better than it was when they lived at home on the farm?

Are those who are left at home on the farm feeling increasingly removed from the economic opportunities in urban areas?

Is Personal Freedom sufficient for most Chinese citizens or is the need for Political Freedom increasingly on the rise?

Political: How to Govern 1.4B People?

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Political: Vertical Democracy?

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Political Transition: Key Questions

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Chinese leaders don’t want a country that is so feudal that foreign powers could slice it up like ripe melon as the Western powers and Japan did in 1800-1900. They also don’t want to have a system with an untouchable dictator who can manipulate the

population into nearly destroying its social system and economy as Mao did between 1950 and 1975. They also don’t want to deal with Western democratic politics.

Chinese leaders don’t want a country that is so feudal that foreign powers could slice it up like ripe melon as the Western powers and Japan did in 1800-1900. They also don’t want to have a system with an untouchable dictator who can manipulate the

population into nearly destroying its social system and economy as Mao did between 1950 and 1975. They also don’t want to deal with Western democratic politics.

Source: American Progress Institute: China’s Forthcoming Political Transition

Xi Jinping

Hu Jintao

Political Transition: Questions to Consider

Can China continue to prosper economically without reforming its Single-Party political system?

Do the Chinese believe that there needs to be political reform? How satisfied are they with their current system of government?

How do the Chinese feel about Autocratic Capitalism or Vertical Democracy? Would they prefer a Western Democratic System?

Do the Chinese feel they have a voice in driving bottom up initiatives as it is described in Vertical Democracy?

Do the Chinese feel that their Government system is delivering the desired results? Do they feel that they have recourse if it is not?

Do the Chinese believe that their system of Government yields more optimized solutions than a Western Democracy?

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Economic: Great but Unequal Gains

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Economic: Great Gains at What Cost?

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• China has only 1/4 of the worlds water supply• Half of China’s rivers too polluted for drinking• 136 cities face severe water shortages• Amazon is being cleared by area size of Belgium

each year to supply soya to China• Country is adding enough electric capacity to power

Spain Each Year• If China were to consume the same amount of Oil as

the US we would need 3X current production levels

We are going to need 4 PLANETS to accommodate the needs of a resurgent chinaWe are going to need 4 PLANETS to accommodate the needs of a resurgent china

Economic Transition: Key Questions

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China is the fastest growing country in the world. While several hundred million China is the fastest growing country in the world. While several hundred million people have been pulled out of poverty in the past three decades, the gap between people have been pulled out of poverty in the past three decades, the gap between rich and poor is getting larger and larger. The average annual income of a Beijing rich and poor is getting larger and larger. The average annual income of a Beijing resident is $2,263 while a farmer in Qinghai earns $277 annually. Social unrest will resident is $2,263 while a farmer in Qinghai earns $277 annually. Social unrest will inevitably erupt when the boiling economic kettle settles down to a slow simmerinevitably erupt when the boiling economic kettle settles down to a slow simmer

China is the fastest growing country in the world. While several hundred million China is the fastest growing country in the world. While several hundred million people have been pulled out of poverty in the past three decades, the gap between people have been pulled out of poverty in the past three decades, the gap between rich and poor is getting larger and larger. The average annual income of a Beijing rich and poor is getting larger and larger. The average annual income of a Beijing resident is $2,263 while a farmer in Qinghai earns $277 annually. Social unrest will resident is $2,263 while a farmer in Qinghai earns $277 annually. Social unrest will inevitably erupt when the boiling economic kettle settles down to a slow simmerinevitably erupt when the boiling economic kettle settles down to a slow simmer

Will social unrest explode as a result of the increasing disparity between rich and poor?

Do the Chinese believe that the 30 year trend of 10% growth per year is economically and environmentally sustainable?

Do the Chinese believe that the Government should be taking a more balanced approach in driving economic growth while moderating environmental degradation?

Are the Chinese concerned about their ability to continue to access natural resources to fuel their growth? How might their “No Strings Attached” policies in dealing with trading partners create negative unanticipated outcomes for the country?

Tensions Rising?

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China’s Premier Wen Jiabao has delivered a strong warning about the “urgent” need China’s Premier Wen Jiabao has delivered a strong warning about the “urgent” need for reforms, without which, tragedies like the Cultural Revolution could still happenfor reforms, without which, tragedies like the Cultural Revolution could still happen

China’s Premier Wen Jiabao has delivered a strong warning about the “urgent” need China’s Premier Wen Jiabao has delivered a strong warning about the “urgent” need for reforms, without which, tragedies like the Cultural Revolution could still happenfor reforms, without which, tragedies like the Cultural Revolution could still happen

Processing the Region: Relational Models

1. Select at Transition/Tension (S/P/E) to discuss

2. Based on the RM profile, identify the TWO DOMAINS within the RM profile that best articulate the root-causes of the tension.

• Form a team of 3-4• Complete the activity below

5m

Societal Transition: RMs and Domains

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Communal Sharing Market Pricing

Social Identity and Relational SelfIdentity derived from closest and

most enduring personal relationships

Self defined in terms of occupation or economic role: how

one earns a living. Moral Judgment and Ideology

Caring, kindness, altruism, selfless generosity. Protecting intimate personal relationships.

Abstract, universal rational principles based on the utilitarian

criterion.

Political Transition: RMs and Domains

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Authority Ranking Equality Matching

Decision Making By authoritative fiat or decree.

Will of the leader is transmitted to chain of command. Subordinates

obey orders.

One Person, One Vote Election. Everyone has equal say. Rotating

offices.

Political Transition: RMs and Domains

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Authority Ranking Market Pricing

Distributive JusticeThe higher a person’s rank the more he or she gets, and the more choice he or she has.

Subordinates receive less and get inferior items, often what is

left over.

To each in due proportion. Each person is allotted a quota

proportionate with some standard (e.g. Stock Dividends, Royalties, Benefits, Unemployment Comp.)

Economic Transition: RMs and Domains

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Authority Ranking Market Pricing

WorkSuperiors direct and control the

work of subordinates and control product of subordinates labor

Work for wage calculated as a rate per unit of time or output

Reciprocal ExchangeSuperiors appropriate or preempt what they wish, or receive tribute

from inferiors in turn for protection.

Pay for commodities in return for what is received as a function of

market prices or utilities

China: RM Domain Map

Domain CS AR MPConstitution of Groups One for all, all for one Followers of

Charismatic leaderCorporations and Labor Unions

Social Identity/Self Close and enduring personal relationships

Self as revered leader or loyal follower

Self defined in terms of occupation/role

Social Influence Conformity and Unanimity

Obedience to Authority Cost and Benefit Analysis/Incentives

Decision Making Consensus Authoritative Fiat Market Decides

Distributive Justice Resources as “Commons”

The higher the rank the more you get

To each in due proportion

Reciprocal Exchange Give what you can take what you need

Superiors appropriate or preempt what they want/Protection

Pay in proportion to what is received

Work Everyone pitches in without keeping track

Superiors direct and control work

Work for a wage (rate per unit output)

Motivation Intimacy motivation Power motivation Achievement Motivation

Cultural Dimension Analysis

Do the Cultural Dimensions provide any insights around the transitions that China is Do the Cultural Dimensions provide any insights around the transitions that China is undergoing today and the tensions that these transitions are creating from a societal, undergoing today and the tensions that these transitions are creating from a societal,

political and economic perspective?political and economic perspective?

Do the Cultural Dimensions provide any insights around the transitions that China is Do the Cultural Dimensions provide any insights around the transitions that China is undergoing today and the tensions that these transitions are creating from a societal, undergoing today and the tensions that these transitions are creating from a societal,

political and economic perspective?political and economic perspective?

Processing the Region: Cultural Dimensions

1. Select at Transition (S/P/E) to discuss

2. Based on the Transition(s)/Tension(s) you explored, identify the TWO Cultural Dimensions that best articulate the root-cause(s) of the tension.

• Form a team of 3-4• Complete the activity below

5m

Societal Transition: CDs

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Cultural Dimension

In Group Collectivism (5.86)

Power Distance (5.02)

Uncertainty Avoidance (4.81)

Institutional Collectivism (4.67)

Performance Orientation (4.37)

Humane Orientation (4.29)

Assertiveness (3.77)

Future Orientation (3.68)

Gender Egalitarianism (3.03)

Political Transition: CDs

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Cultural Dimension










Economic Transitions: CDs

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Cultural Dimension










Activity: Preparing for Gate

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• Form teams of 3-4 (GATE Locations)• Identify CDs that have high variability• What can you do to prepare for this?

10m

Source: Globe Study of 62 Societies

Examining GATE Experience

IndividualPredispositions

RelationalInteractions

CulturalDimensions

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ICE

RM CD

GATE

GATE Assignment

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Prepare and submit a 600 word paper that answers the following questions:

Describe a cultural encounter you experienced during the GATE trip that you perceived to be particularly unique or significant.

Describe why people from this region might view what you perceived to be unique or significant as regular or normal in their culture

Use your ICE Profile, the Relational Model Framework and the Cultural Dimensions to explain the difference between your perception and the regional reality.

GATE Course Commons

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https://cebeapps.fuqua.duke.edu/coursecommons/index.jsp?topic=1300



China:

South Africa:

SE Asia:

GATE Journal Reviews (3)

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Additional Reading

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The Rise and Fall of Civilizations: https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/blog/2011/06/27/the-rise-and-fall-of-civilizations/

Defining and Categorizing Culture:https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/blog/2010/07/15/defining-and-categorizing-culture/

Social Relational Models:https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/blog/2010/07/15/civilizations-and-relational-models-theory/

The Globe Project and Cultural Dimensions:https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/blog/2010/07/15/the-globe-project-cultural-dimensions/

China: Facts, History, Societal, Political and Economic Transitions:https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/china/

china and taiwan gate prof. tony o’driscoll. agenda civilization, culture, leadership and gate 2...

Documents

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cultural dimensions

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values culture

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relational models rms

uschina relational models