CHINA AND

JAPAN IN THE

IMPERIAL

PERIOD

SECTIONS 12.1 AND 12.2

CHINA

AND THE

WEST

Largely self-sufficient

• Agriculture

• Spanish and Portuguese brought

maize, sweet potatoes, and

peanuts

• Mining and manufacturing

• Salt, tin, silver, and iron

• Trading goods

• Silk, cottons, porcelain

• No interest in Western goods

• Only allowed to trade at the port

of Guangzhou

OPIUM WARS

One good the Chinese trade –

opium

• British refused to stop trading it

• Lead to Opium Wars

• Chinese lose

• Forced to sign Treaty of

Nanjing

• British get Hong Kong

• Foreigners no longer

subject to Chinese law

Qing Dynasty

• Widespread hunger and anger

• Chinese people rebel

Taiping Rebellion

• Led by Hong Xiuquan

• “Heavenly Kingdom of Great

Peace”

• All share China’s wealth

• Hong built peasant army and

captured S. China

• Problems: constant feuding among

leaders

• British and French attacked

sided with the Qing

TAIPING REBELLION

FOREIGN INFLUENCE

GROWS

Dowager Empress Cixi

• Supported reforms

• Better education system,

diplomatic service, and military

Sphere of Influence

• Japan gain foothold in China

• Open Door Policy

• US - China should be open to

merchants of all nations

• Kept China from being controlled

by any one nation

CHINESE NATIONALISM

Boxer Rebellion

• Against Empress’s rule and

foreign intervention

• Defeated by multinational army

• Consequence: Growth of

nationalism

• Needed to be more resistant

to foreign intervention

• Government must respond to

the needs of the people

JAPAN IN THE

IMPERIAL

PERIOD

END OF THE TOKUGAWA

SHOGUN

1600-1853 Japan was isolated

1853 – Perry and the US

• Angry over shipwrecked

sailors

TREATY OF KANAGAWA –

• Signed to allow US ships into

the ports of Hakodate and

Shimoda, where a US consul

would also be accepted

• First treaty Japan signed with a

Western country

SAMURAI REBELLION AGAINST

WESTERN INFLUENCE

Sat-Cho (Satsuma – Choshu)

Alliance

• Defeated by the US

• Japan need to militarize to

survive

Sat – Cho coup over

Tokugawa Shogunate

MEIJI

RESTORATI

ON

Sat-Cho emperor replaced shogun

Modernize and Westernize

• Politics – prefects replace daimyos

• Prime Minister and Parliament gov’t w/ Emperor

• Military – based on the Prussian model

Iwakara Mission: Took ideas from other countries:

• France – Law

• Prussia (soon to be Germany) – Military, steel, medicine

• Britain – navy

• US – mechanized agriculture

IMPERIAL JAPAN

Japan became greatest

Asian power

• Imperialistic

• Desire to prove power

Sino-Japanese War

• Korea - important trading partner

• Japan and China sign hands-off

agreement - neither would send

armies

• But because of rebellions, China

sent troops

• Japan easily defeated the

Chinese

• Consequence: Japan gained first

colonies: Taiwan and Pescadores

Islands

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR

Russia and Japan were major

powers after China’s defeat

• Went to war over Manchuria

(1904)

• 1905 Russia and Japan

started peace negotiations

• Treaty of Portsmouth

• Gave Japan the

captured territories

• Russia withdraws from

Manchuria and stays

out of Korea