China: 20th Century Political Change

Questions: 1. What type of change occurred? 2. Why the need for change?

Basic Tenets of Confucianism• Leaders adhere to

high moral standards

• “Mandate of Heaven”

• Hierarchical structure in society

• Leaders well-versed in Confucius principles

Why did the dynastic system collapse?

Political Change – 20th Century1911 RevolutionThree People’s Principles:1. Nationalism

2. Democracy

3. Equal distribution of wealth (socialism)

Sun Yat-sen and KMT

Political Change – 20th Century1949 Revolution• Chiang Kai-shek (KMT) • Mao Zedong (CCP)

Themes:1. Nationalism

2. Establish new political system

3. Socioeconomic development

Basic Tenets of Maoism1. Collectivism

2. Struggle and Activism

3. Mass-line

4. Guardianship

5. Self-Reliance

6. Egalitarianism

• How does Maoism differ from Confucianism?

• Similarities?

People’s Republic of China: Periods of Political and Economic History

• 1949-1957: USSR-PRC Alliance

• 1958-1976: Mao’s unique “brand” of communism

• 1978 – Present: Market socialism

Mao’s Mass Mobilization Campaigns • Great Leap Forward

(1958-1960)• Cultural Revolution

(1966-76)

Deng Xiaoping – Four Modernizations (1978-1997)1. Industry

2. Agriculture

3. Science

4. Military

Goal: Create “socialist market economy” – gradual infusion of capitalism into China

Jiang Zemin – Three Represents (2000 – 2003)The CCP should always represent:1. “Development needs

of China’s advanced productive forces”

2. “Onward direction toward advanced culture”

3. “Fundamental interest of majority of Chinese people”

Hu Jintao – Scientific Development Concept (2004-2013)

• What policies did he pursue during his tenure? Read article.