chile country presentation

8/12/2019 Chile Country Presentation

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Chilean National Tsunami

Warning Center

Lieutenant Nicols A. Guzmn

Hydrographic Engineer

Head of Operative division

Hawai, 2011


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Agenda Tectonic framework

The National Tsunami Warning Center

Where is Chilean NTWC going Standard Operational Procedures (SOP)

Tsunami forecast

Tsunami flood charts

Equipment

Conclusions

Questions and discussion


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Tectonic framework

The geological, geographic and

morfologic heterogeneity of the

chilean coast, makes difficult to use

a standard procedure for the

tsunami mitigation.

Tsunamigenic Zoning:

North of Puerto Montt

South of Puerto Montt


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North of Puerto Montt

Survey of the structure of theSubduction Zone

Seismicity

Hystorical Tsunamigenic

earthquakes

Earthquakes of inverse vsnormal focal mechanism

Instrumentally recorded

earthquakes with Mw 6

Subducting Slab

Geometry

Age

Seismic asperities

Seismic Barriers

Termal structure

Tassara, 2006

Moreno, 2010

Chilean Geology


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Seismogenic ZoneTsunamigenic Zone

Inminent zone of occurrence of

Tsunami

Probable zone of occurrence ofTsunami

Chilean Geology


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Legal Framework:

NTWS (SNAM) is in operation since 1966, and its organization, direction

and control, was assigned to SHOA as the Chilean National Representative

to the Pacific Tsunami Warning SystemPTWS (D.S. N 26, 11-Jan-1966)

NTWS: LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Mission:

To inform to the local authorities about the possible tsunami generation and his

arrival times to the Chilean coast.

To inform to the PTWS about tsunami generation in Chilean coast.Exchange tsunami information with Peru, Ecuador and Colombia..


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SNAM is physically in dependences of theDepartment of Oceanography and is covered 24hours by personal specialist (Officials, Professionalsand Technical personnel)

NTWS ORGANIZATION


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Sea Level Network (Tide Gauges)

Seismological Network (National andInternational)

DART System.

TREMORS System. Comunications.

NTWS ORGANIZATION


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SNAM

Improvementsperformed during 2010

Two sensors for tides gauges (radar and pressure)

Increase of transmission frequency (from 1 hour to 5 minutes).

Alternative channels of transmission (satellital and network fixes).

New tides gauges station.

Satellital equipments for communication ssupport.

Second power supply for support the energy in the operations room.

Equipment of video confers.

New communications Systems: Recording video, telephones,

Datamar2 (portable and fixed) and others.

New information Room.Upgrade and increase of stations

for the sea level networkSNAM Operations Room

Hydrographic surveys of the

tsunami affected areas.

Update of the tsunami

inundations maps for the north

of Chile.

New cartography in GIS

environment.

Update of the DART system.

Adquisition a new one.

Increase of the capacity of visit of

SNAM web site

Update of the Inundations Maps

Increase of load capacity .

Remote Hosting of the web page.

IMPROVEMENTS TO NTWS


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Chilean

Tsunami

Japan

Tsunami

Strong

Communications

Procedures

review

New Tide Station

High Frequency

Chilean Tsunami

Council

Strategic Alliances

Capacity building

DART Bouydeployment

DSS project

Release of New

Inundation Maps

Budget definition

2010 2011

NTWC ongoing


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Proyection 2011-2015.

Proyection TSUNAMICART plan

More sea level stations, including Antrtica.

(2011)

Second Tsunami buoy (2011)

New stations.

Increase of the trasmition frecuency.

Alternative trasmition chanels

(satelital and vhf).

Begining tsunami forecast project.

Increase of the web services

capacities.

Hydrographic data colection for tsunami flood charts and

nautical charts.

New multibeam on board of PSH

Cabrales.

Purchase of more single beams for

hydrigraphic field tasks.

Actualization of the tsunami flood

charts.


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Tide Station (VAISALA MAWS 110)

Two channel communication, two sensorsDensification of tide gages in Tsunamigenic

zones

Detection, warning and disemination


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Sysmologhy Component

Modelation

PaleoTsunami

Geography

NTWC

Continious Improvement

Enhanced operation

Spread the Knowledge

Better

Solution

Chilean Tsunami Council


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Standard Operational Procedures

(SOP)A proposal for Chilean NTWC


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Chile NTWC legal frame

NSC (SSN)

Detection of tsunamigenic earthquakes.

NTWC (SHOA)

Issues tsunami warning.

NDMO (ONEMI)

Disseminates tsunami warning to the residents.Instructs the evacuation.


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NTWC Templates

Information statement

National Warning level 1 or yellow Warning / Tsunami threat

( non destructive)

National Warning level 2 or red Warning/ Tsunami threat

(destructive)

Cancellation


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Information statement

No threat

Standard text, only earthquake parameters.

One message only.


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National Warning level 1 or

yellow warning Potential threat

Wave amplitude >0.5 and < than 3 meters, evacuation only in

the places near and on the coast line (beaches, rocks, etc).

Standby for evacuation to the safe zone( 30 mts).

Several messages

Must be followed up until cancellation


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National Warning level 2 or

red warning Certain Threat

Safe evacuation zone (30 mts above the mean sea level)

Several messages

Must be followed up until cancellation


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Cancellation

No Threat

Minimumafter twice the tsunami travel time.

Be sure that all possible information sources are taken intoaccount and that enough time passed to give the all clear

message.


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NTWC Flowchart

National seismic sources (SSN/UCHILE)

Detection of tsunamigenic earthquakes.

Processing information about earthquake location and itsmagnitude.


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NTWC Flowchart

NTWC (SHOA)

Calculation of TTT to the AoR

Analize and decide wether to give tsunami statment

Communicate NDMO

Sea level monitoring

Re-evaluation of issued warning

Cancellation


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NTWC Flowchart

NDMO (ONEMI)

Dissemination of tsunami statements.


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ETA ~0.5 hrs

ETA

~ 4hrs

ETA ~ 6

hrs

ETA ~

12 hrs

ETA ~ 16 hrs

ETA ~ 17 hrs

ETA ~22 hrs

ETA

~ 20

hrs


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Threshold table

Region Location Parameters Statement

1 Chile & Peru (Local sources). Mw 8.0 & Depth 100 kmor

PTWC Warning for Chile

National Warning Tsunami threat

level 2 or red warning

(Wave amplitude > 3 mts)

7.0 Mw 7.9 & Depth 100 km

or

PTWC Watch for Chile


level 1 or yellow warning

(Wave amplitude >0.5< 3 mts)

6.0 Mw 6.9 & Depth 100 km Information Statement

2 Ecuador & Colombia

Central America/Mexico

Cascadia

Mw 8.0 & Depth 100 km

or

PTWC Warning/Watch for Chile


yellow / red warning.

3 SW Pacific (Australia & NZ)

Japan

Kuriles Islands & KamchatkaAleutian Islands

PTWC Warning & Watch for Chile


yellow / red warning.

Provisional Mw, depth and wave hight.


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Forecast point

Epicenter

Tsunami height 3 m

Major tsunamiTsunami height < 3 m

Tsunami

Tsunami

ForecastingProject


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Equipment

DART system

Considering different alternatives: GPS buoys

DART


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DART (Deep ocean Assessment and reporting of Tsunamis) SYSTEM

Last deployement position DART Chile 12/16/2010:

Lat.: 1917 13.20S Long: 7443 51.60"O


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DART Buoy deployment by Chilean Navy

DART Buoys future status


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CITSU IQUIQUE

New product KMZ file

Tsunamiflood charts


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NTWC NEXT PROYECT

I. System automatization

II. Academic formation

III. Separate tasks, principal purpose

IV. Infraestructure


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Conclusions

I. Earthquakes and tsunamis are going to continue occuring,

tehers notihg we can do about it.

II. Theres still not exist a method to predict the ocurrence ofearthquakes.

III. The modernization of the warning systems requerire complex

and expensive studies.


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Conclusions

IV. The education of the people is the best mitigation system

against this kind of catastrophes.

V. The occurrence of two tsunamis in two years gave the initialhit to start making important changes.

VI. We have everything to develop a NTWC of excellence, with

our own experts and the collaboration from other countries.


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THANK YOU

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