childhood nutrition and feeding. nutrition energy basal matabolism maintain basic physiologic...
DESCRIPTION
Nutrition Physical activity Growth Fecal loss Others Mentality and emotion Envioronment EnergyTRANSCRIPT
CHILDHOOD NUTRITION
AND FEEDING
Nutrition
Energy
Basal matabolismMaintain basic physiologic activity
Special motility for food digestion peristalsis infant 7%~8% digestion absorption elder children 5%
Nutrition
Physical activity
Growth
Fecal loss
Others Mentality and emotion
Envioronment
Energy
Nutrition
General Energy Needs
Basal metabolism 50%Physical activity 25%Growth 12% Fecal 8%
6~12yrs
Infant 110 kcal/kg
↓every 3 yrs 10kcal/kg
15yrs 60kcal/kg
Nutrition
Essential amino acidNon-essential amino acidRecommend amount
Protein
breast milk 2.0g/kgcow milk 3.5g/kgvegetative protein 4.0g/kg
Nutrition
Saturated fatty acid
Unsaturated fatty
Linoliec acid →
Free fatty acids
Fats
≥1:2
n- 6 Linoliec
n-3 Linolenic
Nutrition
50%~60%Carbohydrate
1yr 12g/kg/d>2yrs 10g/kg/d
Nutrition
Vitamin
VitAVitD
VitEVitK
VitB
VitC
Fat---soluble Water---soluble
Nutrition
Mineral
Macroelements
Trace elements
Ca
PK
Na
Zn
FeCo
Se
Nutrition
Water
Neonatal 80%1 yr 70%… …Adult 55%~60%
Infant 150ml/kgEvery 3 yrs ↓25ml/kg9 yr 75ml/kgAdult 50ml/kg
Nutrition
Food fiber
Physiological function—prevention constipation
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
Albumin 白蛋白 ↑Casein 酪蛋白 ↓Taurine 牛磺酸 ↑Glutamate 谷氨酸 ↑
Advantages
protein 3 ： 2
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
Fat Long-chain lipid acid ↑Linoleic acid ↑
Carbohydrate Lactose↑Bacillus bifidus↑
Vitamin A/D/E ↑
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
minerals
Ca:P （ 2 ： 1 ）--absorption
Fe 50% absorption rate
Zn↑
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
SIgA ↑
Lactoferrin ↑
Lysozyme ↑
Bifidus ↑
Antibody ↑
Immunization
Bacillus
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
Natural foodConvenient feedingRecovering from deliveryBaby-mother attechment
Others
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
Elements of breast milk in different phasecolostrum: protein transitional milk: lipid
mature milk: stable elements
late milk: protein
0~5d
6~10d
11d~9m
>10m
Infant Feeding---Formula Feeding
Formula milk
Fortified nutrientsFe
Zn
VitA
VitB VitC VitD
…
Infant Feeding---Supplementary Food
2w VitD 4-6m Rice powder 7-9m meshed vegetable 、 meet 、 fruit soft noddle biscuit 10-12m soft rice 、 thick porridge 、 fine-cu
t vegetable 、 meat 、 bean products etc. 12-24m piece-cut food 24m- normal
Age food
Feeding priciples
Reasonable food arrangement protein: fat: carbohydrate 1≌ ： 1 ： 4-5 10% 25-30% 50-60%
Food quality Feeding behavior Feeding environment
Evaluation of nutrition condition
HistoryNutrition study food investigation evaluation physical examination laboratory test
Standard
Underweight
Stunting
Wasting
W≤-2SD
L≤-2SD
W/L≤-2SD
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