child-centered design of mobile educational games for arab preschoolers
DESCRIPTION
Master's Defense Presentation in the field of child computer interaction.TRANSCRIPT
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L A I L A H U S S E I N S H O U K R Y
0 3 . 0 1 . 2 0 1 3
Child-Centered Design of Mobile Educational Games for Arab Preschoolers
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Child Computer Interaction
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Mobile Touch Technology
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What are the design requirements and evaluation strategies for a mobile educational game for preschoolers - with application on teaching them the Arabic Alphabet - for it to fit the needs and abilities of, be usable by and of benefit to Arab (Egyptian) preschoolers?
Primary Research Question
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Developing Our Project
Thesis Overview
Interviews
Survey
Evaluation Study
Evaluating Our Project
Pre-MEGa Framework
Interaction Design 4 Preschoolers
Design Requirements & Evaluation Strategies 4 Arabic Mobile Educational Game 4
Egyptian Preschoolers IMM Project Steps & Challenges 4 Presch.
Preschoolers IMM Use: Here vs. Abroad
Arabic vs. English Early Literacy Software
Arabic Alphabet Learning
Evaluation Strategies
Preschoolers’ IMM Use Abroad
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Interviews
Interviews
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Interviews
Interviews
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Some Results: Preschoolers (age 3-5):
prefer IM to traditional toys
68% use IM >1 h a day
35% own their own device
Most used : websites & mobile apps
Favorite device: tablet devices
Favorite activity: games
Easiest use: touch screens
Survey: Arab Preschoolers & Interactive Media
Survey Interviews
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Some Results: Preschoolers (age 3-5):
Order of features which attracts them:
Cartoon characters
Audio and Songs
Colors and Design
Containing more activities
Simplicity and Ease of Use
Survey: Arab Preschoolers & Interactive Media
Survey Interviews
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Some Results: Parents:
87% let their preschoolers use their devices
64% prefer content in English over Arabic
78% download pirated software
Survey: Arab Preschoolers & Interactive Media
Survey Interviews
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How Egyptian Parents rate English Software teaching Alphabet
How they rate Arabic Software teaching Alphabet
Survey Interviews
Survey: Arab Preschoolers & Interactive Media
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Some Results: Early Literacy:
64% prefer content in English over Arabic
50% don’t learn Arabic Alphabet at nursery
65% can’t sing the whole Arabic Alphabet song
25% can’t associate any Arabic letter with its sound
Survey: Arab Preschoolers & Interactive Media
Survey Interviews
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Limitation: Represents only a certain social class
Survey: Arab Preschoolers & Interactive Media
Survey Interviews
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Study: Qulity of Available Early Literacy Software
Survey Interviews Evaluation Study
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Study: Qulity of Available Early Literacy Software
Survey Interviews Evaluation Study
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Study: Quality of Available Early Literacy Software
Survey Interviews Evaluation Study
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Status of most Arabic software even worse than that of their English
counterparts back in 1993
Study: Quality of Available Early Literacy Software
Survey Interviews Evaluation Study
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Solutions:
Creation of Higher Quality Authentic Content More research
Fund
Public-private partnerships
Addressing piracy
Localization of Foreign Content Involving local educators and experts
Narrations by native speakers
Adapting multimedia elements
Testing in local context
Problem: Threat to Cultural Identity
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Designing Mobile Educational Games for Preschoolers
Fun
Usability
Learning
Mobility
Preschoolers’ age
Design Requirements/
Heuristics
Premega
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SEEM
Premega
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The HECE Framework of Usability Heuristics for Child E-Learning Applications
The Enali Framework for Pedagogical Agents
J.P.Hourcade’s chapter on Interaction design and children
“Playability Heuristics for Mobile Games “
“Heuristic evaluation for games: usability principles for video game design. “
“Designing and testing mobile interfaces for children. “
“Design Principles of Educational Virtual Worlds for Preschool Children”
“A comparison of the mouse and touch screen for children's use of computers. “
“The role of usability research in designing children's computer products”
“Conducting game user experience research with preschoolers.”
“Games, motivation, and learning: A research and practice model.”
“Gender differences in children's creative game play.”
childrennow.org: The effects of interactive media on preschoolers' learning.
Smashingmagazine.com: A Dad’s Plea To Developers Of iPad Apps For Children
Premega
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Screen Design
Navigation & Control
Ease of Use
Responsiveness
Game Design
Learning Potential
Instructions
Feedback
Difficulty Level
Content Delivery & Presentation
Pedagogical Agent
Customization
Security
Accessibility
Value
Proposed Framework: Pre-MEGa
• Guidelines/Heuristics for design and evaluation of Preschoolers’ Mobile Educational Games
•15 categories with sub-categories:
Premega
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Proposed Framework: Pre-MEGa
Premega
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Hamza Arabic Alphabet Game
Main objectives: •Preschoolers will actually play with it! •Preschoolers will prefer it over available English games. •Preschoolers will love the Arabic Alphabet. •Not complete, but a minimal working example. Main constraints: Time and cost. Story of the game: •Hamza has lost his beloved letters and wants to collect them. •The player should help Hamza pick all his letters again. •This is done using several games and then they play together with the letters. •All this repetition is meant to teach them the Alphabet in an indirect way. Developing Our
Project
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Hamza Arabic Alphabet Game
Actual Project Timeline
Developing Our Project
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Hamza Arabic Alphabet Game
Storyboard
Developing Our Project
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Game Design
Combine simple exploratory non-goal-oriented games with more sophisticated goal-oriented games
Support different playing styles
Include collaboration options
Game Type and Scope
Supports game play and is encouraging.
Offers a social experience
Fosters imagination
Provides positive role models and messages
Game Story
Developing Our Project
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Game Design
Clear, fun goal which quick sub-goals
Clear, fun and physically age-appropriate actions to reach the goals
Balancing challenge, strategy and pace
No repetitive or boring tasks
Reminder of progress
Convenient, flexible, game controls
No loss of any hard-owned possessions
Challenge Elements
Developing Our Project
Activities resembling adults' which look "difficult“
Include suspense and "danger" without leading to fear or frustration
Difficulty Level
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Pedagogical Agent
Context-appropriate visual representation
Attractive
Free of gender or ethnic bias
Establishes credibility and trustworthiness
Establishes a role and relationship to child and the game
Polite and positive
Characteristics
Using a song with simple Egyptian Arabic Language
Clearly owned by agent
Complete and specific
Describes feelings by figure of speech
Message
Developing Our Project
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Screen Design
Clear picture menus without text
Consistent design
Layout efficient and visually pleasing
Similar learning objects are organized in a similar style
Developing Our Project
Visually meaningful
Large, easy to select
No phantom icons
Icons
Menus
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Mobile & Touch Screen Specifics
Cautious Response with tilt functionality
No buttons near screen edges
Simplified screens, adaptable to different sizes
Using device interface and game interface for their own purposes
Consistent control keys following standard conventions
Interruptions are handled reasonably
Developing Our Project
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Learning
Dividing letters into ranges
Using verbal rehearsal to foster memorization
Varying activities during learning sessions to avoid boredom
Introducing concepts through many entry points
Including Self-Assessments
Developing Our Project
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Content Delivery & Presentation
Theme meaningful to children, Egyptian scenery
Embedded in fantasy contexts
Based on real-life experience
Personifying the letters
High quality graphics, audio and visual effects
Using music and songs
Multimedia elements assist and are consistent with the learning process
No graphics detracting from educational intention
Using "Surprises" and employing random generation techniques
Giving kids unusual powers
Developing Our Project
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Navigation & Control
Simple one layer menus with direct access
Consistent, logical and minimalist controls
Help Kids know where they are
Remember things already discussed
Choices to select strategies (even if instructionally irrelevant)
Control over rate and order of display
Clear exits from all sub-games
Main menu accessible everywhere
No irreversible errors
Developing Our Project
Short, interruptible routines and animations
Let kids accidentally• succeed in the first 30 seconds
Quick, clear response to touch and no stagnation
Responsiveness
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Instructions & Feedback
Age-appropriate, easy to understand and remember
Supportive rather than distracting
Using clear-speech
Integrated in the context of the problem
Instructions
Feedback Frequent, variable, age-appropriate,
context-related
Employs meaningful graphics and/or sound
Descriptive, non-evaluative
Positive:
Motivational
Attractive, fun, humorful
Negative:
Let children know if they made a mistake
Offer helpful hints to correct actions
Developing Our Project
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Customization
Experience adaptable to gender
Customized, individualized instructions and feedback (Arabic language addressing different genders)
Offers choice of scope, themes and playing styles.
Ease of Use
Require age-appropriate skills only
Bigger areas for selecting, dragging and tracing
Enable independent use after first use
Consistent responses to user actions
Developing Our Project
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Ensures privacy of personal information
Free from ethnic bias, violence, scariness, inappropriate language or behavior
Free from inappropriate ads, ads which detract from content, or that lead to accidental purchases
Accessibility
Security
Can be used on a variety of devices, also a windows version is available
Working on versions with different languages
Value It’s FREE!
Developing Our Project
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Creating a 3D effect in the racing game using 2D
Making the car game more efficient in terms of memory consumption
Keeping choices of gender and alphabet range throughout transitions
Enhancing navigation experience
Graphics Scalability
Handling interruptions of mobile devices like calls and defining actions for control buttons
Adjusting volume ratios so that music and sound effects don't interfere with the learning experience or distract from the learning content.
Design Challenges
Developing Our Project
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Hamza on Google Play
Developing Our Project
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Field Study
At a nursery
Participants: 12 preschoolers, several sessions each
Evaluating Our Project
Developing Our Project
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User Reviews
Evaluating Our Project
Developing Our Project
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More than 100 responses!
Online Evaluation Form
Evaluating Our Project
Developing Our Project
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Some Results
Evaluating Our Project
Developing Our Project
Best Ratings for Idea, Design, Usability and Fun!
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Some Results
Evaluating Our Project
Developing Our Project
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Game Updates: Navigation
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Other Game Updates
Adding a letters test game
More repetition of the letters sounds in racing
Enlarging buttons which were difficult to hit
Increasing the area for dragging and for dropping the alphabets into the bag
Reducing the speed of the racing game and the tilt reaction.
Enhancing audio quality
Adding more instruction for bag game and animating the bag saying the instructions
Making the letter names be pronounced in formal Arabic instead of Egyptian Arabic
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Hamza2
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Validating, extending, using Pre-MEGa framework
More research on Egyptian children’s interaction with new technologies
More research on game preferences of Egyptian children and how to design and test applications for and with them.
Using more smart technologies in mobile literacy applications.
Enhancing our application
Applying similar research on school children and integrating technology to accompany the Egyptian curriculum.
Encouraging companies and individuals to invest in quality research-based interactive products for young children
Establishing a research community for Digital Games-Based Learning, with a focus group targeting young children.
Use of new technologies in eradicating illiteracy among Egyptian children
Recommendations
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For more information, read our papers:
Shoukry, L.H., Sturm, Ch., Galal-Edeen, G.H., " Arab Preschoolers,
Interactive Media and Early Literacy Development", The proceedings of The International Conference on E-Learning and E-Technologies in Education (ICEEE), Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Sept. 24-26, 2012, http://www.sdiwc.net/iccaee2012, Pages: 43-48.
Shoukry, L.H., Sturm, Ch., Galal-Edeen, G.H., “Pre-MEGa: A Proposed
Framework for the Design and Evaluation of Preschoolers' Mobile Educational Games”, The proceedings of the CISSE virtual conference, Dec. 2012, http://conference.cisseconference.org/2012
Publications
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About Me: Laila Hussein Shoukry
Master's Student
Digital Media Engineering & Technology
German University in Cairo
Egypt
http://guc.academia.edu/LailaHussein
Thank you