Chiang Kai-shek and the Whampoa Military AcademyTake Two

Randolph Miller

Chiang said "Whampoa was personally created by Mr. Sun. It is his only legacy.”

Importance of Whampoa

•Official name is Nationalist Party of China Army Officer Academy•Opened on May 1, 1924•produced many prestigious Chinese military commanders•Graduates fought in Northern Expedition, Second Sino-Japanese War, and Chinese Civil War•Closed in 1926 after 6 terms and 7000 students•Located on an island (Chanzhou or Whampoa?) near Canton

Overview of Whampoa

Canton is also called Guangzhou

http://www.diychinatours.com/china-guide/china-map-guide/guangzhou/guangzhous-location.htm

Location of Whampoa

http://www.navyandmarine.org/ondeck/BarrierFortsPictures/CantonHarbor.gif

•China was fragmented by warlords•Sun Yat-sen launched Northern Campaign to try and unite China under Three Principles of the People•Sun Yat-sen was worried his military was weaker than the militaries of the warlords•Western powers wouldn’t provide Sun with support•Money for construction and support was provided by the Soviets

Reasons For Whampoa

•Basic training for infantry•Artillery•Engineering•Communication•Logistical•Machine gun

Military Training at Whampoa

Mar 20th incident

•Also called Zhongshan Warship incident•Mar 20, 1926 Chiang Kai-shek was almost kidnapped•In May 1926 Chiang excluded communists from the Whampoa Military Academy because of this

Whampoa Soviet Officers

http://www.allcollection.net/russia-5087-year-1984-anniversary-of-the-birth-of-as-bubnov-state-official~x23166615

A.S. Bubnov

Soviet officers gave lectures at the academyTaught history of military thought

Not shown: •G.I. Gilev•S.N. Naumov

M.I. Dratvin

http://www.pseudology.org/colonels/DratvinMI.htm

Liao Zhongkai

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Liao_Zhongkai2.jpg

Representative of KMT to the academy

http://ookaboo.com/o/pictures/picture/11703178/Liao_Zhongkai1877__1925

Whampoa founding ceremony, 1924

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Whampoa3.jpg

Sun Yat-senChiang Kai-shek

Liao Zhongkai

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/5062007131230.jpg

Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang Kai-shek

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Henk-sneevliet.gif

Henk Sneevliet•A representative from Comintern (Communist International) •(Henk Sneevliet using the name Maring) met with Sun in Guangxi and proposed the military academy

http://www.histomil.com/viewtopic.php?f=94&t=188 http://www.iisg.nl/collections/sneevliet/

•A representative from Communist International (Henk Sneevliet using the name Maring) met with Sun in Guangxi and proposed the military academy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:China_Guangxi.svg

Guangxi

Zhou Enlai (political department instructor)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Zhou_Enlai_MeiyuanXincun17_Nanjing_1946.jpg

Zhou vigorously extended communist influence at the academyHad to leave Whampoa in May 1926 with the rest of the communists

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/1924_Zhou_Enlai_in_National_Revolutionary_Army_uniform2.jpg

ZhouEnlai

HenryKissinger Mao

Zedong

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kissinger_Mao.jpg

Hu Hanming(political department instructor)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Hu_Hanming3.jpghttp://guides.library.yale.edu/content.php?pid=47735&sid=357059

Chiang Kai-shek

Hu Hanming

Wang Jingwei(political department instructor)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Wang_Jingwei.png

AKA Wang Ching-wei

http://www.zyzyo.com/2011/04/traitors-who-committed-treachery/

He Yingqin (military instructor)•Was picked by Chiang because Chiang knew of He’s talent•Also “general instructor” of the academy•Led a regiment of students from the academy as colonel to fight against the warlord Chen Jiongming

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Ho_Ying-chin.jpghttp://www.qwiki.com/q/#!/He_Yingqin

Lin Biao (communist graduate)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lin_Biao1.jpg http://kaixin.com.au/jiang-gu-shi/2008/8/19/lin-biao.html

•Graduated from Whampoa in 1925•Also goes by Lin Yurong•In National Revolutionary Army participated in Northern Expedition• Went from Deputy Platoon Leader to Battalion Commander

•Became one of the Red Army’s best battlefield commanders•Commenting on Mao’s circlings during The Long March to evade Chiang “the campaign had begun to look like one of Walt Disney's early cartoons in which Mickey Mouse again and again escaped the clutches of the huge, stupid cat."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lin_Biao_Blue_Sky_White_Sun.jpg

Xu Xiangqian (communist graduate)Admitted to Whampoa in 1924Served in National Revolutionary Army

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xu_xiangqian1.jpghttp://www.paulnoll.com/China/Long-March/Long-March-Xu-Xiangqian.html

Zuo Quan (communist graduate)

http://www.generals.dk/general/Zuo_Quan/_/China.html http://english.chinamil.com.cn/site2/special-reports/2005-08/11/content_270858.htm

Became communist commander

Chen Cheng (Nationalist graduate)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Chen_cheng.jpg http://www.ask.com/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_Republic_of_China

•Entered Whampoa in 1924•Participated in Northern Expedition with National Revolutionary Army

Du Yuming (Nationalist graduate)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Du_yuming.jpg

Du was a graduate of the first cadet class of Whampoa

Xue Yue (Nationalist graduate)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e8/Sitok.png

http://www.generals.dk/general/Xue_Yue/_/China.html http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?f=101&t=83297&p=751955

•Graduate from Whampoa•One of the most effective nationalist commanders in the Northern Expedition

Hu Zongnan (Nationalist graduate)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Hu_Zongnan.jpg

•In the first graduating class of Whampoa in 1924•Took part in Northern Expedition

Modern pictures of Whampoa

http://academic.mu.edu/meissnerd/whampoa.htm

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Whampoa_Academy http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Huangpu_Xueshengsushe.JPG