Chhattisgarh

Prepared by :

Akshay Sikarwar

Galavya Dev

Denny Pachera

Saurabh Singh

Somesh Kumar

Nitin Singh

Etymology

• In ancient times, this region was called DakshinKosala (South Kosala).

• The name Chhattisgarh was popularized during the Maratha period and was first used in an official document in 1795.

• It is widely believed that Chhattisgarh takes its name from the 36 pillars of Chhatisgrahin temple(chhattis means "36" and garh means "fort").

Geography

• The northern and southern parts of the state are hilly, while the central part is a fertile plain.

• Deciduous forests of the Eastern Highlands Forests cover roughly 44% of the state.

• The eastern end of the Satpura Range and the western edge of the Chota Nagpur Plateau form an east-west belt of hills that divide the Mahanadi River basin from the Indo-Gangeticplain.

• In, the north lies the edge of the great Indo-Gangetic plain.

• The central part of the state lies in the fertile upper basin of the Mahanadi river and its tributaries.

• The southern part of the state lies on the Deccan plateau, in the watershed of the Godavari River and its tributary, the IndravatiRiver.

• The Mahanadi is the chief river of the state.

History

Ancient and medieval history

• In ancient times, this region was known as Dakshin-Kausal.

• Between the sixth and twelfth centuries, Sarabhpurias, Panduavanshi, Somvanshi, Kalachuri and Nagvanshi rulers dominated this region.

• Kalachuris ruled in Chhattisgarh from 980 to 1741 AD.

Modern history

• Chhattisgarh was under Maratha rule (Bhonsalesof Nagpur) from 1741 to 1845 AD

• It came under British rule from 1845 to 1947.

• Raipur gained prominence over the of capital Ratanpur with the advent of the British in 1845.

• The present state of Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 2000.

Government and administration

• The State Legislative assembly is composed of 90 members of the Legislative Assembly.

• There are 11 members of the Lok Sabha from Chhattisgarh.

• The Rajya Sabha has five members from the state.

• Chhattisgarh state consists of 27 districts.

• Governor of Chhattisgarh is

Shekhar Dutt.

• Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh is Raman Singh (BJP) .

Climate

• The climate of Chhattisgarh is

tropical.

• The monsoon season is from late June to October and is a welcome respite from the heat.

• The temperature varies between 30 and 45 °C (86 and 113 °F) in summer and between 0 and 25 °C (32 and 77 °F) during winter

Culture

• The state hosts many religious sects such as Satnami Panth, Kabirpanth, Ramnami Samajand others.

• Champaran (Chhattisgarh) is a small town with religious significance as the birthplace of the Saint Vallabhacharya.

• The Oriya culture is prominent in the eastern parts of Chhattisgarh bordering Odisha.

Crafts

• Chhattisgarh is known for "Kosa silk" and "lost Wax art".

Kosa silk Wax art

Dance

Panthi, RawatNacha, Karma, Pandwani, Chaitra, Kaksar, Saila and Soowa are the several indigenous dance styles of Chhattisgarh.

Panthi• Panthi, the folk dance of the Satnami

community, has religious overtones. Panthi is performed on Maghi Purnima, the anniversary of the birth of Guru Ghasidas.

Pandwani

• It depicts the story of the Pandavas, the leading characters in the epic Mahabharata. The artists in the Pandavani narration consist of a lead artist and some supporting singers and musicians.

Rawat Nacha

• Rawat Nacha, the folk dance of cowherds, is a traditional dance of Yaduvanshis (clan of Yadu) as symbol of worship to Krishna from the 4th day of Diwali(Goverdhan Puja) till the time of Dev Uthani Ekadashi.

Soowa Nacha

• It is a symbolic form of dancing related to worship.

• Dancers keep a parrot in a bamboo-pot and form a circle around it and then performers sing and dance.

Karma

• Both men and women arrange themselves in two rows and follow the rhythmic steps, directed by the singer group.

Traditional food

• The State of Chhattisgarh is known as the rice bowl of Central India.

• Most of the traditional and tribal foods are made of rice and rice flour, curd and a variety of green leaves like lal bhaji, chechbhaji, kohda and bohar bhaji. Badi and Bijori.

• The tribal and village population enjoys delicacy brew made of small, creamy white fruit of a local tree called Mahuwa.

Human Development Indicators(HDIs)

• As of 2011 Chhattisgarh had an HDI value

of 0.358, the lowest of any Indian state.

• The national average is 0.467 according to 2011 Indian NHDR report.

Standard of living

Chhattisgarh has one of the lowest standard of living in India as per the Income Index (0.127).

Education Index

Chhattisgarh has an Education Index of 0.526 according to 2011 NHDR which is higher than that of states like Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan which are below the 0.5 mark. Though, it is lower than the national average of 0.563.

Health Index

Health Index of Chhattisgarh is less than 0.49, one of the lowest in the country.

Sex ratio

The sex ratio in the state is one of the best in India with 991 females per 1,000 males, as is the child sex-ratio with 969 females per 1,000 males.

(Census 2011)

Urbanisation

The demographic profile shows that about 80 per cent of the total population lived in rural areas.

Poverty

• The incidence of poverty in Chhattisgarh is very high. The estimated poverty ratio in

• 2004–05 based on uniform reference period consumption was around 50 per cent, which

• is approximately double the all India level.

Demographics

Religion

• There were 22.8 million people in Chhattisgarh as per the census 2011 of which 98.30% were Hindu, 1% Muslims and 0.7% Christian.

• Chhattisgarh now has the highest Hindu percentage in the world by state.

Language

The official language of the state is Hindi and is used by non-rural population of the state. Telugu is also spoken

in parts of Chhattishgarh.

Status of womenChhattisgarh has a high female-male sex ratio (991) ranking at the 5th position among other states of India.

Tourism in Chhattisgarh

Chitrakote Falls • Chitrakote Falls is also referred as the Niagara Falls of

India. It is located 38 km from Jagdalpur and is accessible by road only.

• Chitrakote Falls is listed amongst the most popular waterfalls in Chhattisgarh.

Panoramic view of Chitrakote Falls

Tirathgarh Waterfalls

Tirathgarh can be termed as "Milky Fall" because of the white colour of the water as it descends down the rocky slope giving an impression as if milk is falling.

National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuary

• Kanger Valley National Park

• Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary

• Gomarda Reserve Forest

Some other Attractions

• Chitradhara Waterfalls

• Vishnu temple

• Maa Pitambara Temple

• Akuri Nala

• Amrit Dhara Waterfall

Festivals

Bastar DussehraDussehra in Bastar is different from other places, instead of rejoicing over the killing of Ravana, the tribals celebrate Dussehra as a congregation of Devi Maoli and all her sisters.

The Goncha Festival

• The Goncha Festival is a tribal festival that is marked by a lot of joy and merry making. It also showcases the inimitable tribal culture.

Transport

Roads

Chhattisgarh has wide coverage of roads which have pan-nation connectivity. 11 national highways passing through the state which are together 2,184 km in length.

Rail network

The length of rail network in the state is 1,108 km, while a third track has been commissioned between Raipur and Raigarh.

Air

The air infrastructure in Chhattisgarh is small compared to other states. Swami Vivekananda Airport in Raipur is its sole airport with scheduled commercial air services.

Airports

• Bilaspur Airport

• Jagdalpur Airport

Economy

Chhattisgarh's gross state domestic product for 2010 is estimated at INR 60,079 crore in current prices. The economy of Chhattisgarh has grown rapidly in recent years with a growth rate of 11.49 per cent in GDP for 2009–2010.

Agriculture

• Agriculture is counted as the chief economic occupation of the state.

• According to a government estimate, net sown area of the state is 4.828 million hectares and the gross sown area is 5.788 million hectares.

Agricultural products

The main crops are rice, maize, oilseeds, such as groundnuts (peanuts), soybeans and sunflowers, are also grown.

Industrial sector

Power sector

Based on the current production of surplus electric power, the position of the State is comfortable and profitable.

The major company of power sector is NTPC.

( NTPC has a thermal plant with the capacity of 2100 MW)

Steel sector

The steel industry is one of the biggest heavy industries of Chhattisgarh. Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai operated by SAIL, with a capacity of 5.4 million tonnes per year, is regarded as a significant growth indicator of the state.

Major companies

• Metal:- Bhilai Steel Plant, Jindal Steel and Power, BALCO

• Oil:- Indian Oil Corporation

• Engineering:- Simplex Casting Ltd.

• Real estate: CHPL-Dream-Home, ChouhanHousing Pvt Ltd, Lanco

Exports

• Chhattisgarh’s total exports were US$ 353.3 million in 2009-10.

Mining:- NMDC, SECL

Power :- NTPC, Vandana Vidyut,

1. Life Expectancy Index (LEI)

2. Education Index (EI)

3. Income Index (II)

Human Development Index

Mean Years of Schooling Index (MYSI)

Expected Years of Schooling Index

(EYSI)