chemistry topic 2starec.enschool.org/ourpages/auto/2016/9/15...•topic 2 – formulas and equations...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chemistry Topic 2
Formulas and Equations
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• Chemistry – Mr. Sinto
• Topic 2 – Formulas and Equations
• Obj: Understand the information contained within formulas
• Do Now: What did you learn from the test? How can you better prepare or continue to do well?
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Chemical Symbols and Formula
• Each element has a 1, 2, or 3 letter symbol
• FIRST LETTER IS CAPITALIZED
• Second letter lower-case
• Co vs. CO
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Diatomics • Two of the same elements bonded together
(can be alone with other elements).
• MUST MEMORIZE!!!!
•Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2, F2
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Chemical Formulas
• Qualitative = information that’s not measured
• Quantitative = information measured
• Formulas give us both types of info
• Ex. CaCl2
– Qualitative = calcium and chlorine are present
– Quantitative = 1 calcium and 2 chlorine
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Types of Formulas • Empirical
–Most reduced ratio of atoms
– Ex. CH2O
• Molecular
–A multiple of an empirical formula (usually the actual formula)
– Ex. C6H12O6
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Atoms, Compounds, and Ions
• Atoms and compounds = NEUTRAL
• Ions = charged (+ or -)
–If just + or - it’s +/-1
–Have gained or lost ELECTRONS to get charge
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Polyatomic Ions
• A group of atoms with a charge (charge belongs to whole group)
• Table E
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Formulas
• Subscripts belong to element right before it (or parenthesis before it)
• Coefficient belongs to whole group
• Dot (•) means add
• Ex. 3 Ca(OH) 2
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Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
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Exit Ticket – On loose leaf to hand in
• For each example give the number of atoms of each element
• Ex. BaBr2 = 1 Ba, 2 Br
1. NaBrO
2. HF
3. H3PO4
4. 2 NO3
5. CuSO4 • 5H2O
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• Chemistry – Mr. Sinto
• Topic 2 – Formulas and Equations
• Obj: Create compounds based on the charges of its components
• Do Now: How many atoms of Oxygen (O) are there in the following example:
• 3 Al2(SO4)3
• Homework: Worksheet (2 sides)
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Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
• To create a compound take the charges (ignore the signs) of the ions and make them the subscripts, then reduce.
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` • USE () FOR POLYATOMICS WHEN SUBSCRIPT ISN’T 1
Ca2+ NO3- NH4
+ CO32-
Na+ SO42-
Al3+ OH-
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• Chemistry – Mr. Sinto
• Topic 2 – Formulas and Equations
• Obj: Name compounds and balance equations
• Do Now: What is the law of conservation of matter?
• Homework: Memorize first 20 elements on periodic table
• Print out reference tables by Thursday
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Naming Compounds
• To name a compound keep the name of the first element the same and end the second element with “-ide”
• KEEP NAMES OF POLYATOMICS THE SAME ALWAYS!!!
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• Put the most electronegative element last (use reference tables)
• If the metal has more than one oxidation state (periodic table) put the number as a Roman numeral in parenthesis.
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Physical and Chemical Change
• Physical change - does not result in a new substance being formed
• Ex. phase changes and dissolving
• Chemical change - results in a new substance
• Ex. burning, rusting, any chemical reaction
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Chemical Reactions
• Reactant = anything to the left of the arrow
• Product = anything to the right of the arrow
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Endothermic and Exothermic
• Endothermic reactions absorb energy and have a positive ΔH (energy is a reactant)
• Exothermic reactions release energy and have a negative ΔH (energy is a product)
• Use Table I to look up
ΔH values.
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Balancing Equations
• NUMBER OF ELEMENT’S TOTAL ATOMS MUST BE THE SAME ON BOTH SIDES OF EQUATION!!!
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• Chemistry – Mr. Sinto
• Topic 2 – Formulas and Equations
• Obj: Differentiate between different types of chemical reactions
• Do Now: Take out the reference tables you printed out and Balance these:
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Synthesis
•A + B AB • Multiple reactants, one product
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Decomposition (AKA Analysis)
•AB A + B • One reactant, multiple products
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Single Replacement
•AB + C A + CB
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Double Replacement
•AB + CD AD + CB
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Mass is conserved!!!
•TOTAL MASS OF REACTANTS = TOTAL MASS OF PRODUCTS!!!
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Class Work / Exit Ticket
• Do 1-5 on loose leaf
• Copy from board
• Copy questions first then start working on them
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Test Rules
• You get 1 Zipgrade (you will use this for other exams)
• DO NOT WRITE ON REFENCE TABLES, YOU HAND THEM BACK!!!!
• Put your name on both multiple choice and extended response
• v1 = A v2 = B on zipgrade for multiple choice KEY
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New Punishment Essay
• In a class that you have a test in the next day, explain how it makes sense to fool around during test review.
• Must be 1 page, double spaced, 1 inch margins, Times New Roman, size 12 font