Introduction To Chemistry

CHEMISTRY

ELEMENT,

COMPOUND

AND

MIXTURE

What is an element ?

Element

A chemical substance

Simplest substance

Cannot be decomposed to a simpler substance

Built up from one type of atoms only

ELEMENT

Metal Non-Metal

(l) (s) (g) (l) (s)

(g) – gas (l) – liquid (s) - solid

Examples of Metals

( Sodium )

Na

Use :

Sodium Lamp

Copper CuUse : Electric Conductor

Calcium CaUse : Calcium ions needed to form bones

and teeth

Aluminium AlUse: Making of cooking pots and pans

Gold ; Aurum AuUse : Jewelry

Iron; Ferum FeUse : Construction of buildings

and bridges

Lead PbUses : Water pipes

Pipes for wiring

Magnesium MgUse : Crackers and Fireworks

Platinum PtUse: Jewelry

Potassium KUse : Potassium salts

- agricultural fertilizers

Silver AgUse : Jewelry

Tin SnUse : Making containers

Zinc ZnUses : Dry cells;

Roofing for houses

Mercury HgUse : In Thermometers

Examples of Non-Metals

Chlorine ClUse : Killing germs in water

supply

Argon ArUse : Lighting Bulbs

Bromine BrUse : Photography

Boron BUse : Making

Medicine in pharmacy

Helium HeUse : Filling balloons

Carbon C Diamond & Graphite

Hydrogen HUse: Fuel

Iodine I

Use : Antiseptic

Neon NeUse : Neon Lights

Nitrogen NUse : Liquid Nitrogen –

Refrigeration Coolant

Oxygen O

Use : Gas for Breathing

Phosphorus P

Use : Matches

Silicon Si

Use : Computer CPU

Sulphur S

Use : Manufacture of

Sulphuric Acid

What is a Compound ?

A Chemical Consists of 2 or

more elements chemically combined

Chemical Bond between the particles

Examples of Compounds

Ammonium ChlorideUse : Dry Batteries

Constituents : H , N , Cl

Glucose

Use : Carbohydrates

Constituents : H , C , O

Sodium Chloride

Use : Flavor for Food

Constituents : Na , Cl

Calcium carbonate

Use : Building material

Constituents : Ca , C, O

Sulphuric acid

Use : Car Accumulator

Constituents : H , S , O

Urea

Use : Nitrogeneous Fetilizer

Constituents : C , H , O , N

Copper (II) sulphate

Use: FungicideConstituents : Cu , S , O , H

Potassium nitrate

Use : Agricultural Fertilizers

Constituents : K , N , O

Ethanoic acid

Use : Vinegar

Constituents : C , H , O

Trichloromethane (Chloroform)

Use : Anaesthetic

Cost : C , H , Cl

What is a Mixture ? Substance consisting of 2

or more substances physically combined together

Components : Elements or/and compounds

Components can be separated by physical means

Examples of Mixtures

Air– Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, water

vapor etc

Soil

Constituents : Humus, sand,

air, water, minerals etc.

Milk

Components : Lactose, water, proteins, vitamins, minerals etc