chemistry completed

7/25/2019 Chemistry Completed

1/13

Nandi Academy

Purifcation owater

: - Yerasi Jayasimha ReddyASS: - 11A


2/13


3/13

Introductionater Purifcation is to remo!e a"" contaminates rom water such as

#acteria$ chemica"s etc%

25 ways of purication of water

&irst "et us di!ide the 'urifcation o water

methods into ('arts:

Se'aration #y )eat$ Li*ht$ and +ra!ity, (

methods

Chemica"s, 1. methods

&i"tration, / methods

0idation, 2

methods

Sedimentation$ Boi"in*$ 3isti""ation and 4"tra!io"et "i*ht

se'aration come under the frst se'aration method

5Heat, Light and Gravity6,

Ch"orine$ Bromine$ 7odine$ )ydro*en Peroide$ Si"!er$

Nontoic or*anic acids$ Lime and 8i"d a"9a"ine a*ents$

Neutra"iin* chemica"s$ Coa*u"ation-&"occu"ation$ 7on

echan*e come under the se'aration methods usin*

Chemicals!

S"ow sand$ Pressure sand$ 3iatomaceous ;arth$ Porous

Stone$ 'a'er or c"oth$ Charcoa"$ Re!erse 0smosis$


4/13

;nymes and Bacteria come under se'aration methods

usin* 5"iltration!

Aeration$ 0one$ ;"ectronic 'urifcation and 3isso"!ed

oy*en *eneration are the se'aration methods come

under #$idation

Heat, light and gravity

%edimentation& ' 7t is the tendency or'artic"es in sus'ension to sett"e out o the


5/13

+ltraviolet light separation& '4"tra!io"et "i*ht is a *ood #actericide$ #ut has

no residua" 9i""$ and wor9s on"y in c"ear"yf"tered water, Sti"" in its inancy sta*e is a

new techno"o*y in!o"!in* su'er white "i*ht,

7t is used in home water 'urifers,

urication using chemicals

Chlorine& ' Purifcation o water usin* ch"orine is ca""edCh"orination, Ch"orine is added to water to disinect it and 9i""

*erms, Ch"orine is a!ai"a#"e as com'ressed e"ement *as$

sodium hy'och"orite so"ution and so"id ca"cium hy'och"orite,

(romine& ' Bromine is used or thedisinection o swimmin* 'oo" and coo"in*

tower water, 7t is not used or the disinection o

drin9in* water,

7ndustria" method o Ch"orination,


6/13

Iodine& ' 7odine is used in water 'urifcationas 7odine =incture so"ution, 7t is a"so used as an

eyedro''er, 8ost"y used in sur!i!a" cases,

Hydrogen pero$ide& ' Addin* )0 towater is saer than ch"orine #"each in water

treatment 'rocess, 8ost"y )0 is used in

water treatment 'rocess or creatin* 'urifed

water in emer*ency disaster situations,

%ilver& ' Si"!er 're!ents #acteria and a"*ae rom

#ui"din* u' in their f"ters

so that they can do their

Do# to rid drin9in* water o

#acteria$ ch"orine$

tiha"omethanes$ "ead$

'articu"ates and odor,

-on'to$ic organic acids& ' Shou"d #e used with cautionin "ar*e water '"ants on"y,

Lime and .ild al/aline agents& ' Lime 'roducts sotenwater #y remo!in*

car#onate and non-

car#onate hardness,

=his 'urifes the

water or

consum'tion$

'ro!ides #etter

tastin* water and

a""ows soa' 'roductsto "ather readi"y,


7/13

-eutralising chemicals& ' Neutra"isin* chemica"s adDuststhe 'h !a"ue to around E, Ca"cium car#onate is used to treat

water with Ph!a"ue more than

F, And synthetic

ma*nesium

oide is used to

treat water with

a Ph #e"ow F,

Coagulation'0occulation& ' 7t is used to enhance thea1ility of a treatment'rocess to remo!e 'artic"es a''"ied to

sedimentation and f"tration, Such as 5ra'id sand f"tration6,

Ion

e$change& ' 7n ion echan*e the harmu" com'oundschan*ed to #eni*n com'ounds,


8/13

(y "iltration

%low sand& ' S"ow sand o 1 cu#ic meter 'asses a#out "itresGminute$ and

does a "imited

#acteria remo!a",

ressure %and& ' Pressure sand o 1 cu#ic metre 'asses

a#out (.*'m *a""ons 'er minute or in "itres 1H1,(1F"itres 'er


9/13

minute and must #e #ac9washed dai"y,

)iatomaceous arth& ' 3iatomaceous ;arth 3; or3iatomite 'recoat f"tration has #een a wide"y used method o


10/13

aper or cloth& ' Pa'er or c"othf"ters ore dis'osa#"e and f"er to

one micron$ #ut do not ha!e muchca'acity,

Charcoal& ' Com'ressed char coa" is the #est ty'e ocharcoa" f"ter$

which can remo!e

chemica"s and "ead$

#ut 7 easi"y c"o**edso shou"d #e used

with a sediment

'ref"ter,

3everse #smosis& ' 4ses a mem#ranewith microsco'ic ho"es that re?uire ( to / times the !o"ume o


11/13

water 'rocessed to wash it in order to remo!e minera"s and

sa"ts$ #ut not necessari"y chemica"s and #acteria,

n4ymes and (acteria& ' ;nymes and #acteriacom#ined contaminations and reduce s"ud*e,

+sing #$idation


12/13

eration& ' Aeration s'rays water into the air to raise theoy*en content$ to #rea9 down odors$ and to #a"ance the

disso"!ed *ases, )owe!er$ it ta9es s'ace$ is e'ensi!e$ and

'ic9s u' contaminations rom the air,

#4one& ' 0one is a !ery *ood #actericide$ usin* hi*h"ychar*ed oy*en mo"ecu"es to 9i"" microor*anisms on contact$

and oidie and


13/13

By: - Yerasi Jayasimha Reddy

C"ass: - 11A

chemistry completed

Documents