ChemistryChapter 5

Lessons 5-1 and 5-2:Objectives:To learn to name binary compounds of a metal and a nonmetal.

Binary compounds

• TWO BROAD CLASSES

1) Compounds that contain a metal and a nonmetal (Type I and Type II)

2) Compounds that contain 2 nonmetals

(Type III)

BINARY IONIC Compounds

A compound that results from the combination of a metal with a nonmetal.

-The positive ion (cation) gets written first

-To name these compounds, just name the ions.

In summary:

• Type I compounds: The metal present forms only one type of cation.

• Type II compounds: The metal present can form 2 or more cations that have different charges.

Table 5.1

Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds

1) The cation is always named first and the anion second.

2) A simple cation (obtained from a single atom) takes its name form the name of the element. For example Na+ is called sodium in the names of compounds containing this ion.

3) A simple anion (obtained from a single atom) is named by taking the first part of the element name (the root) and adding –ide.

Practice

Compound Ions Present Name

NaCl

KI

CaS

CsBr

MgO

Individual Practice: Open to p. 87-88 Do Self-Check Exercise 4-1Complete for HW

Table 5.2

Common Names - Exceptions

• H2O = water, steam, ice

• NH3 = ammonia

• CH4 = methane

• NaCl = table salt

• C12H22O11 = table sugar

Objectives

• Quiz on Type II cations

• Identify the rules for Type III binary compounds (nonmetals)

• Practice naming Type II binary ionic compounds and Type III binary compounds

Examples for Type II binary ionic compounds

Example Systematic Name Older Name

Fe2O3

CuCl2

HgBr2

PbI4

iron(III)oxide ferric oxide

copper(II) chloride cupric chloride

mercury(II) bromide mercuric bromide

lead(IV) iodide plumbic iodide

Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)

• Objective: To learn how to name binary compounds containing nonmetals

Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)

Similar to naming other binary compounds EXCEPT

Type III Binary compounds contain ONLY NONMETALS

1) The 1st element in the formula is named 1st, and the full element name is used.

2) The 2nd element is named as though it were an anion.

3) Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present. (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa)

4) The prefix mono- is never used for naming the 1st element. (Ex. CO carbon monoxide, not monocarbon monoxide).

Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)

Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)

I2O7

CO2

CF4

NH3

PCl3BF3

NON2O5

diiodine heptoxide

S

carbon dioxidecarbon tetrafluorideammoniaphosphorous trichlorideboron trifluoridenitrogen oxidedinitrogen pentoxide

Examples for Type II binary ionic compounds

Example Systematic Name Older Name

Fe2O3

CuCl2

HgBr2

PbI4

iron(III)oxide ferric oxide

copper(II) chloride cupric chloride

mercury(II) bromide mercuric bromide

lead(IV) iodide plumbic iodide

Naming Binary Compounds: A Review

• Objectives: To review the naming of Type I, II, and Type III binary compounds

Figure 5.1: A flow chart for naming binary compounds.

Naming Compounds that Contain Polyatomic Ions

• Objective: To learn the names of the common polyatomic ions and how to use them in naming compounds

LEARN THIS TABLE

Oxyanions contain different numbers of oxygen atoms

Oxyanions contain different numbers of oxygen atoms

Smaller number of oxygen atoms -iteLarger number of oxygen atoms -ate

Prefixes are used when there are more than 2Hypo (less than)Per ( more than)

Example: ClO hypochlorite ClO2 chlorite ClO3 chlorate ClO4 perchlorate

Practice Naming these compounds

Cu(NO3)2

PbCO3

KHSO4

NH4I

NaCN

copper(II) nitrate

lead(II) carbonate

potassium hydrogen sulfate

ammonium iodide

sodium cyanide

Figure 5.2: Overall strategy for naming chemical compounds.

Naming Acids

• Objectives:

1) To learn how the anion composition determines the acid’s name.

2) To learn names for common acids.

Acids

Acids: certain molecules produce H+ ions. An acid can be viewed as a molecule with one or more H+ ions attached to an anion.

Naming Acids

Rules

1) If the anion does not contain Oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic attached to the root of the element.

Example: HCl hydrochloric acid

Naming Acids

2) When the anion contains Oxygen, the acid name is formed from the root name of the central element with a suffix of –ic or –ous. When the anion ends in –ate, the suffix-ic is used. When the anion ends in –ite the suffix, ous is used

Example: H2SO4 sulfuric acid

Example: H2SO3 sulfurous acid

Name these AcidsHF

H3PO4

HNO3

HBrO4

H2S

hydrofluoric acid

phosphoric acid

nitric acid

bromic acid

hydrosulfuric acid

p.109 Question 24