chemistry aromatherapy introduction - bethany...

Aromatherapy Introduction & Chemistry

Bethany WilliamsonBastyr University Trained Aromatherapist

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What is Aromatherapy?Aromatherapy is the therapeutic use of plant

derived, aromatic essential oils to promote physical and psychological well–being.

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WHAT IS AN ESSENTIAL OIL?

Natural aromatic compounds found in plants

Steam distilled or cold pressed extraction

Powerful, safe benefits without side effects

(Oil sacs on peppermint leaf)

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AROMATIC—Diffuse in a room to purify the air or to change emotion – BEST way to use essential oils.

TOPICAL—Apply directly to skin during massage or for topical therapy with a carrier oil

INTERNAL— Under the supervision of a trained aromatherapist and then in a gel capsule.

Essential Oil Uses

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Aromatically

• Cool Mist Diffuser

• Car Diffuser

• Tissue – in car vent/in your hand

• Vaporizer

• Wear as a perfume –lotions, massage oil, roller bottle

• Do NOT heat up essential oils!

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• Smell, almost more than any other sense, has the ability to dredge up memories, change moods, or ease tension.

• Your sense of smell is 10,000 times more sensitive than any of your other senses. Aroma can powerfully affect the brain.

• Inhaling aromatic compounds from essential oils delivers them to the olfactory bulb, part of the brains limbic system known as our emotional brain.

Your Sense of Smell

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• Odor stimuli in the limbic system releases a series of brain chemicals, for example: Lavender triggers the endorphin serotonin, which has a relaxing effect on the mind and body.

• The olfactory bulb is the only place in the body where the central nervous system is exposed to the environment.

• Our brain is designed to use aroma to heal and soothe itself.

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Topical Application

• Dilution is important

• Robert Tissserand Dilution Guidelines • Depends on age of person• Depends on location on body• Depends on percentage of dilution• Base guideline: 1 ounce bottle – 15-20 drops of essential oil

• Roller Bottles –• 10ml roller bottle – 15-20 drops essential oil MAX• 5ml roller bottle – 8-10 drops essential oil MAX

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Topical Application of Essential OilsEssential oils can be applied topically, with a carrier oil for many uses.

• During a massage therapeutically to aid in relaxation, muscle tension and stiffness.

• As a scent on the neck or inside wrists to smell throughout the day for emotional balance.

• Applied to an area of specific concern for overall wellness.

• Blended with lotions, salts and oils for beauty products.

• Always use a carrier oil when applying essential oils topically as you can develop a sensitivity to that oil.

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Internal Use of Essential Oils

• I would caution against using essential oils internally without first consulting a trained aromatherapist. There can be serious complications to using oils internally if not done properly.

• Dr. Robert Tisserand wrote the book, “Essential Oil Safety.” He is a world leader and educator in essential oils and their uses. He cautions against taking essential oils internally unless they are in a gel capsule. You can hurt your mucus membranes taking them straight or in water.

• There are many companies selling essential oils already in gel capsule form.

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Chemistry of Essential Oils!

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Essential Oil Chemistry

The majority of molecular compounds found in essential oils are classified into groups, or families, of compounds according to their atomic structure. Each group, or family has specific properties.

When you look at the properties of the group it helps us understand the molecules that are in a specific essential oil.

The action of the essential oil is a result of the individual and combined properties of the molecular compounds it contains.

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Chemical Families in Essential OilsMonoterpene (C-10) HydrocarbonsMonoterpene AlcoholSesquiterpene (C-15) HydrocarbonsSesquiterpene AlcoholAldehydesKetonesEstersPhenolsPhenylpropanesEthersOxidesCoumarin & Lactones

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Therapeutic Properties of Chemical Families

• Each Chemical “family” has a variety of therapeutic properties. If you understand what the properties are then you can select the appropriate essential oil with those properties.

• This is where a GC/MS Report comes in handy. You can ready the percentage of a chemical family and if you know the properties then you know how to use that oil.

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Monoterpene’s (C-10) Properties

• Antiseptic – great for cuts

• Analgesic – relieves pain

• Rubifacient/Diuretic – increases blood circulation/move Fluids

• Decongestant – relieves respiratory congestion

• Antibacterial – Great for diffusing to kill airborne germs

• Anti-Viral- Shorten the life of a virus

• Anti-Tumoral – inhibits tumor growth

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Essential Oils with Monoterpene’s

Here are a few oils with Monoterpene’s – they have different percentages.

Citrus Oils Lavender Cypress Clary Sage Frankincense Pine

Fennel Spruce Elemi Bay Laurel White Fir Cumi Lime

Melaleuca Marjoram Grapefruit Thyme Litsea Kunzea

Cardamom Black Pepper Spearmint Bergamot Juniper Berry

* Musty, Dry, Hard to identify scent

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Monoterpene Alcohols

• Anti-infectious – inhibits infection spread

• Antiseptic –great for cuts

• Antifungal- fungal infections

• Antiviral- shorten the life of a virus

• Immune Stimulant- Build the immunity

• Anti-Bacterial- Diffuse!

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Essential Oils with Monoterpene Alcohols

Here are a few oils with Monoterpene Alcohol – they have different percentages.

Geranium Coriander Lavender Rose Palmarosa Peppermint

Rosemary Basil Thyme Ravanasare Melaleuca Ylang Ylang

Eucalyptus Lemon Myrtle Spearmint Marjoram Lime Cardamom

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Sesquiterpene (C-15) Hydrocarbons

Anti-allergic- minimize and allergic reaction

Anti-inflammatory – helps with inflammation

Anti-Fungal – fungal infections

Analgesic- pain relief

Anti-septic –great for cuts

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Essential Oils with Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons (C-15)

Here are a few oils with Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons – they have different percentages.

Cape Chamomile German Chamomile Myrrh Tanacetum

Helichrysum Ginger Copaiba Katrafay Blue Tansey

Ylang Ylang Elemi Black Pepper Patchouli Sage Poplar Balsam

* Dry, Musty, Blue Scent

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Sesquiterpene Alcohol

• Anti-inflammatory

• Immune supporting

• Sedative

• Skin healing

• Antibacterial

• Antispasmodic

• Excellent tonic for lymph system as well as veins

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Essential Oils with Sesquiterpene Alcohols

Here are a few oils with Sesquiterpene Alcohols – they have different percentages.

Elemi Cedarwood Rosewood Sandalwood Spikenard Patchouli

Cistus Carrot Seed Katrafay Ginger Myrrh Vetiver

*Woody, earthy, masculine, base note, leathery, fleshy Scent

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Aldehydes

• Anti-Inflammatory • Anti-infectious• Anti-viral• Sedative• Adrenal Fatigue• Analgesic• Anxiety• Anti-fungal• Antiseptic

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Essential Oils with AldehydesThis is a few of the oils with Aldehydes – they have different

percentages.

Citronella Eucalyptus citriodora Litsea Melissa Cumin Ginger

Cassia Cinnamon Lemon Marjoram Geranium Myrrh Elemi

*Can be skin sensitive, analgesic

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Ketones

• Cell Regenerative – wound healing

• Mucolytic – breakdown hard mucus

• Skin Care – Scars

• Calming/Soothing

• Anti-coagulant- stops blood from clotting

• Can help break down fat cells

Cautions: Neurotoxic, abortive

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Essential Oils with Ketones

This is a few of the oils with Ketones– they have different percentages.

Helichrysum Mugwort Spearmint Rosemary Sage

Fennel Cedarwood Ginger Eucalyptus Divus Peppermint

Roman Chamomile Geranium

*Musty

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Esters• Anti-fungal

• Anti-spasmodic – muscles/hyperactive nervous system

• Balancing to the CNS – Central Nervous System

• Calming

• Sedative – lympic system/adrenals

• Adrenal Fatigue

• Stress Relief

• Anti-inflammatory• Skin rejuvenation

• Tension Relief

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Essential Oils with Esters

This is a few of the oils with Esters– they have different percentages.

Lavender Roman Chamomile Cape Chamomile Geranium

Clary Sage Mandarin Pettigrain Melissa Fragonia Birch

Bergamot Ylang Ylang Carrot Seed Wintergreen

Helichrysum Cape Snowbush Cardamom

*Sedative, fruity, green, feminine, some floral.

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Phenyl-propanes

• Anti-bacterial

• Immune

• Digestion

• Skin Irritant

• Heart Tonic

• Analgesic

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Essential Oils with Phenyl-propanes

This is a few of the oils with Phenyl-propanes– they have different percentages.

Cinnamon leaf

Cinnamon bark

Clove

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Phenols

• Anti-bacterial

• Anti-fungal

• Warming

• Skin irritant

• Immune stimulant

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Essential Oils with Phenols

This is a few of the oils with Phenols– they have different percentages.

Oregano

Savory

Thyme

*Hot, spicy

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Oxides

• Anti-viral

• Expectorant – lungs

• Respiratory cleansing

• Decongestant

• Mental Stagnation

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Essential Oils with Oxides

This is a few of the oils with Oxides– they have different percentages.

Eucalyptus smithei, globulus, radiata

Ravensare Basil Rose Thyme Melaleuca Naioli

Peppermint Bay Laurel Melissa Rosemary

Cape Snowbush German Chamomile

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Ethers

• Anti-spasmodic

• Digestive Aid

• Fight/Flight/Fright

• Balancing to the ANS – See next slide

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The ANS controls and regulates all the functions necessary to maintain life and, if we were to get knocked unconscious, it

is our ANS that would keep us alive.

Some of the key functions controlled by the ANS( autonomic nervous system) include:

• Respiration• Blood pressure• Heart rate• Circulatory distribution• All organ functions, including digestion, detoxification and

elimination• Immune regulation• Hormonal regulation• Thermoregulation, and more!

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Essential Oils with Ethers

This is a few of the oils with Ethers– they have different percentages.

Anise Seed Basil Fennel Nutmeg Tarragon

Ylang Ylang Rose Peru Balsam

*Licorice, spice, greenish

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Coumarin & Lactones

• Photo-toxic

• Anti-spasmodic

• Strong mucolytic – breaks down mucus

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Essential Oils with Coumarin & Lactones

This is a few of the oils with Coumarins and Lactones– they have different percentages.

Population Lavender Inula graveolens

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What to do with this Knowledge?

• Helps with selection of essential oils to use

• Target specific concerns

• Blend several oils to use for several concerns

• Blending Class…we will dive deeper!

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Thank – You!

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chemistry aromatherapy introduction - bethany...

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