chemistry 14.2

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Chemistry 14.2

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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14.2 The Gas Laws

This hot air balloon was designed to carry a passenger around the world. You will study some laws that will allow you to predict gas behavior under specific conditions, such as in a hot air balloon.


The Gas Laws >

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14.2 Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume

Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume

How are the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas related?


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The Gas Laws >14.2 Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume

If the temperature is constant, as the pressure of a gas increases, the volume decreases.

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Boyle’s law states that for a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas varies inversely with pressure.

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The Gas Laws > Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume

Simulation 15

Examine the relationship between gas, volume and pressure.


SAMPLE PROBLEM

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Practice Problems for Sample Problem 14.1

Problem Solving 14.8

Solve Problem 8 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

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The Gas Laws >14.2 Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume

Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume

As the temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the volume increases, if the pressure is constant.

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As the temperature of the water increases, the volume of the balloon increases.

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Charles’s law states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant.

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The Gas Laws > Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume

Simulation 16

Examine the relationship between gas volume and temperature.


SAMPLE PROBLEM

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The Gas Laws >14.2 Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature

Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature

As the temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the pressure increases, if the volume is constant.

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When a gas is heated at constant volume, the pressure increases.

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Gay-Lussac’s law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature if the volume remains constant.

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A pressure cooker demonstrates Gay-Lussac’s Law.


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The Gas Laws > Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature

Simulation 17

Examine the relationship between gas pressure and temperature.


SAMPLE PROBLEM

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Problem Solving 14.12 Solve Problem 12 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.


The Gas Laws >

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14.2 The Combined Gas Law

The Combined Gas Law

When is the combined gas law used to solve problems?

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The Gas Laws >14.2 The Combined Gas Law

The combined gas law describes the relationship among the pressure, temperature, and volume of an enclosed gas.


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The combined gas law allows you to do calculations for situations in which only the amount of gas is constant.


SAMPLE PROBLEM

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Weather balloons carry data-gathering instruments high into Earth’s atmosphere. At an altitude of about 27,000 meters, the balloon bursts.


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Section Quiz

-or-Continue to: Launch:

Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section

14.2 Section Quiz.

14.2.


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14.2 Section Quiz.

1. If the volume of a gas in a container were reduced to one fifth the original volume at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas in the new volume would be

a. one and one fifth times the original pressure.

b. one fifth of the original pressure.

c. four fifths of the original pressure.

d. five times the original pressure.


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14.2 Section Quiz.

2. A balloon appears slightly smaller when it is moved from the mountains to the seashore at constant temperature. The best gas law to explain this observation would be

a. Gay-Lussacs's Law.

b. Graham's Law.

c. Boyle's Law.

d. Charles's Law.


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14.2 Section Quiz.

3. At 46°C and 89 kPa pressure, a gas occupies a volume of 0.600 L. How many liters will it occupy at 0°C and 20.8 kPa?

a. 0.600 L

b. 2.58 L

c. 0.140 L

d. 2.20 L

END OF SHOW

chemistry 14.2

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