Chemiluminescence

(化学发光）Definition :Chemiluminescence (also refered to as “chemoluminescence") is the emission of energy with limited emission of heat , as the result of a chemical reaction(redox reaction)

Some chemiluminescent redox reactions occur as a result of lightning.Other chemiluminescent reactions involve luminal, an organic compound that emits cool light when its oxidized.

Application: analyze evidence in crime investigations( 犯罪侦查）

the light from chemiluminescence reactions ca be used in emergency light sticks that work without an external energy source.

Bioluminescence

Naming:originating from the Greek bios for "living" and the Latin lumen "light".Definition: Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light bya living organism.Some organisms can use the energy released during redox reactions to convert chemical energy into light energy.Examples:Bioluminescence occurs in marine vertibrates and invertibrates,as well as microorganisms and terrestrial animals. Firefly, some fish, certain type of mushroom, creatures produce the chemicals luciferin ( 荧光素 ) and luciferase.( 荧光素酶 ).

Attraction

Bioluminescence is used as a lure to attract prey by several deep sea fish . The cookiecutter shark( 雪茄鲛） uses bioluminescence for camouflage, but a small patch on its underbelly remains dark and appears as a small fish to large predatory fish like tuna（金枪鱼） swimming beneath it. When these fish try to consume the “small fish”, they are bitten by the shark. Dinoflagellates ( 鞭毛藻类） have an interesting twist on this mechanism. When a predator of plankton is sensed through motion in the water, the dinoflagellate illuminates. This, in turn, attracts even larger predators that will consume the would-be( 想要成为的） predator of the dinoflagellate.The attraction of mates is another proposed mechanism of bioluminescent action. This is seen actively in fireflies, which use periodic flashing in their abdomens （腹部） to attract mates in the mating season. In the marine environment, this has been well documented only in certain small crustaceans （甲壳纲动物） . It has been suggested that pheromones （信息素） may be used for long-distance communication, and bioluminescence used at close range to "home in" on the target.