chemicals and our health 2012

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Chemicals and Our Health:

Why Recent Science is a Call to Action

THE HEALTH REPORT2

Acknowledgments!"#$%&'()&*%#$%*"'%&'$+,*%)-%.%/),0,.1)&.*#2'%'--)&*%)-%*"'%3.-'&%4"'5#/.,$6%7'.,*"8%9.5#,#'$%/).,#*#):6%.%/.5(.#;:%<'<#/.*'<%*)%(&)*'/*#:;%=5'&#/.:%-.5#,#'$%-&)5%*)>#/%/"'5#/.,$?%!"'%&'()&*%#:/)&()&.*'$%.%$#;:#-#/.:*%1)<8%)-%(''&0&'2#'@'<%$/#':/'%):%/"'5#/.,$%.:<%"'.,*"?%A:%.<<#*#):6%*"#$%&'()&*%1+#,<$%+():%.%(&'2#)+$%&'()&*%*#*,'<%!"#$%#&'("$)&*#$+,-$.#+,-/012$("#$!,304$567*(&14#*$),1(-,'$84(%(+1,#$"'<%#:%BCCD?%

9)&%5)&'%#:-)&5.*#):%):%)+&%/.5(.#;:%(,'.$'%2#$#*%)+&%@'1$#*'%.*%999:*&+;#-4"#/04&'*:,-2?

Our sincere thanks to the following contributors and reviewers:

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ContentsExecutive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Learning and Developmental Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Reproductive Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Reducing Our Health Care Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

July 2012

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Chronic disease: many trends are on the rise

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The health and economic benefits of reforming chemical policy

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Executive Summary

THE HEALTH REPORT4

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Introduction

Many health professional organizations from across the country are expressing concern with the inadequate health protections a!orded by current law. The American Medical Association,"National Medical Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Nurses Association,"and American Public Health Association have called on the U.S. Congress to fundamentally restructure TSCA such that it better protects public health and the environment.


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The link to chemical exposure

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Figure 1 - Cancer Incidence and Mortality for Children Under 20

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Early exposure, cancer later in life

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Table 1: Commonly Found Chemicals Known or Reasonably Anticipated to Be Human Carcinogens53

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These and many other studies demonstrate that exposures to hazardous chemicals during vulnerable periods of development can have profound e!ects that may not manifest until later in life.

THE HEALTH REPORT8

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President’s Cancer Panel calls for increased regulation of chemicals

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Learning and Developmental Disabilities

Ten chemicals suspected of causing developmental neurotoxicityA:%$(&#:;%BCXB6%$/#':*#$*$%-&)5%*"'%R.*#):.,%A:$*#*+*'%)-%I:2#&):05':*.,%7'.,*"%3/#':/'$%.:<%*"'%G)+:*%3#:.#%3/")),%)-%G'<#/#:'%,#$*'<%fXC%/"'5#/.,$%.:<%5#>*+&'$%@#<',8%<#$*&#1+*'<%#:%*"'%':2#&):5':*%*".*%.&'%.,&'.<8%$+$('/*'<%)-%/.+$#:;%<'2',)(5':0*.,%:'+&)*)>#/#*8?g%!"'$'%.&'^%

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THE HEALTH REPORT10

The human brain: more susceptible during development

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Toxic flame retardants example

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How chemical policy reform can help

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Table 2: Some Chemicals Known to be Neurotoxic to Humans91*

Metals and inorganic compounds

Organic solvents Other organic substances

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THE HEALTH REPORT12

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Pesticides

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Solvents

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Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases


Lead and other metals

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=%$*+<8%)-%),<'&%5':%#:%*"'%;':'&.,%()(+,.*#):%-)+:<%*".*%#:/&'.$#:;%,'2',$%)-%,'.<%#:%*"'#&%1):'$%@.$%.$$)/#.*'<%@#*"%.//','&0.*'<%/);:#*#2'%<'/,#:'?%!"'%;&)+(%@#*"%*"'%"#;"'$*%,'.<%,'2',$%".<%X`%8'.&$%)-%.<<#*#):.,%/);:#*#2'%.;#:;%/)5(.&'<%*)%*"'%;&)+(%@#*"%*"'%,)@'$*%,'2',$%@"':%*"'8%@'&'%&'0*'$*'<%$'2'&.,%8'.&$%,.*'&?XXa%3#5#,.&%-#:<#:;$%.&'%.,$)%&'()&*'<%#:%@)5':?XX`

I,'2.*'<%1):'%,'.<%,'2',$%.&'%.,$)%.$$)/#.*'<%@#*"%.:%#:/&'.$'<%&#$Q%)-%H.&Q#:$):\$%<#$'.$'?XXZ

3*+<#'$%#:%&)<':*$%<'$#;:'<%*)%'>.5#:'%5'/".:#$5$%18%@"#/"%'.&,80,#-'%,'.<%'>()$+&'%5#;"*%/):*&#1+*'%*)%,.*'0,#-'%:'+&)<';':0'&.*#):%$")@%*".*%(&':.*.,%,'.<%'>()$+&'$%5)<#-8%*"'%'>(&'$$#):%)-%/'&*.#:%;':'$%,.*'&%#:%,#-'6%&'$+,*#:;%#:%#:/&'.$'<%(&)<+/*#):%)-%=,P"'#5'&0.$$)/#.*'<%.1:)&5.,%1&.#:%(&)*'#:$?XXY%!"'%$.5'%<',.8'<6%,.*'0,#-'%#:/&'.$'%#:%=,P"'0#5'&\$%<#$'.$'0&',.*'<%(&)*'#:$%@.$%&'()&*'<%#:%.;'<%5):Q'8$%'>()$'<%#:%#:-.:/8%*)%,)@%,'2',$%)-%,'.<?XX[

R'@%.:#5.,%$*+<#'$%.,$)%".2'%&'$+&&'/*'<%*"'%XDZC$%/):*&)2'&$8%.1)+*%*"'%&),'%)-%.,+5#:+5%#:%:'+0&)<';':'&.*#2'%<#$'.$'?%c:'%$5.,,%

$*+<8%$")@'<%*".*%@"':%&)<':*$%@'&'%/"&):#/.,,8%'>()$'<%*)%<#'*.&8%.,+5#:+5%V$#5#,.&%*)%*8(#/.,%"+5.:%'>()$+&'%,'2',$W6%.,+5#:+5%./0/+5+,.*'<%#:%*"'%1&.#:?XXD%=%,.&;'&%-),,)@0+(%$*+<8%#:%&.*$%$")@'<%*".*%*"'%5)&'%.,+5#:+5%.%&.*%&'/'#2'<%#:%#*$%<#'*6%*"'%5)&'%5'5)&8%,)$$%*"'%&.*%'>"#1#*'<?XBC

I>/'$$#2'%#:".,.*#):%)-%5.:;.:'$'0/):*.#:#:;%-+5'$%.,$)%/.:%#:/&'.$'%*"'%&#$Q%)-%H.&Q#:$):0,#Q'%$85(*)5$?XBX

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

J'-)&'%*"'8%@'&'%'--'/*#2',8%1.::'<%+:<'&%!34=%#:%*"'%,.*'%XDYC$6%(),8/",)&#:.*'<%1#("':8,$%VH4J$W%@'&'%+$'<%-)&%5.:8%8'.&$%.$%-,.5'%&'*.&<.:*$6%(,.$*#/#P'&$%#:%(.#:*$6%

THE HEALTH REPORT14

,+1&#/.:*$%.:<%/)),.:*$%#:%','/*&#/.,%'T+#(5':*6%.:<%.<"'$#2'$?XBB6XB]%=$%.%&'$+,*%)-%*"'#&%@#<'$(&'.<%+$'6%5.:8%(')(,'%.:<%@#,<,#-'%*"&)+;")+*%*"'%@)&,<%".2'%1'':%'>()$'<?XBa

G)&'%*".:%]C%8'.&$%.-*'&%*"'8%@'&'%'--'/*#2',8%1.::'<6%H4J$%/):*#:+'%*)%/):*.5#:.*'%*"'%':2#&):5':*%1'/.+$'%*"'8%.&'%('&$#$*':*6%)&%:)*%'.$#,8%1&)Q':%<)@:6%.:<%5)2'%&'.<#,8%-&)5%,.:<%*)%.#&%.:<%@.*'&?%!"'8%.,$)%1#)./0/+5+,.*'%.:<%/):*#:+'%*)%':*'&%.:<%/):*.5#:.*'%*"'%-))<%$+((,86%@"#/"%#$%.:%):;)#:;%$)+&/'%)-%"+5.:%'>()$+&'?XB`%

J#)5):#*)&#:;%<.*.%-&)5%*"'%4F4%$")@%*".*%*"'%=5'&#/.:%(+1,#/%#$%$*#,,%@#<',8%/):*.5#:.*'<%@#*"%H4J$?XBZ%=,*")+;"%*"'%,'2',$%)-%H4J$%#:%*"'%;':'&.,%()(+,.*#):%.&'%<'/&'.$#:;6%/'&*.#:%$+1()(+,.*#):$%&'5.#:%"#;",8%'>()$'<6%'$('/#.,,8%*")$'%&';+,.&,8%/):$+5#:;%/):*.5#0:.*'<%-#$"?XBY

A:%*"'%8'.&$%-),,)@#:;%!34=\$%(.$$.;'6%@'%,'.&:'<%*".*6%,#Q'%5)$*%/"'5#/.,$6%H4J$%/.:%/&)$$%*"'%(,./':*.6%<#&'/*,8%'>()$#:;%*"'%-'*+$?XB[%R+5'&)+$%$*+<#'$%$")@%*".*%(&':.*.,%'>()$+&'%*)%H4J$%#:*'&-'&'$%@#*"%:)&5.,%1&.#:%<'2',)(5':*?XBD6X]C6X]X%G)&'%&'/':*,86%@'%".2'%,'.&:'<%*".*%H4J$%5.8%#:0/&'.$'%*"'%&#$Q%)-%1)*"%=,P"'#5'&\$%<#$'.$'%.:<%H.&Q#:$):\$%<#$'.$'?

!"&''%(+1,#$"'<%'(#<'5#),);#/%$*+<#'$%".2'%'>(,)&'<%*"'%'--'/*$%)-%H4J$%):%/);:#*#2'%<'/,#:'%)&%<'5':*#.6%.:<%'./"%-)+:<%*".*%"#;"'&%,'2',$%)-%'>()$+&'%.&'%.$0$)/#.*'<%@#*"%.:%#:/&'.$'<%&#$Q%)-%<'5':*#.%)&%/);:#*#2'%#5(.#&5':*?%O"#,'%H4J%'>()$+&'$%@'&'%&',.*#2',8%"#;"%#:%*@)%)-%*"'%$*+<#'$6X]B6X]]%

'>()$+&'$%#:%*"'%*"#&<%@'&'%/,)$'&%*)%*")$'%#:%*"'%;':'&.,%()(+,.0*#):?X]a

=%&'*&)$('/*#2'%5)&*.,#*8%$*+<8%)-%5)&'%*".:%XY6CCC%@)&Q'&$%)//+(.*#):.,,8%'>()$'<%*)%H4J$%&'()&*'<%.%:'.&,8%*"&''-),<%'>/'$$%)-%H.&Q#:$):\$%<#$'.$'0

&',.*'<%<'.*"$%.:<%*@#/'%.$%5.:8%<'5':*#.0&',.*'<%<'.*"$%#:%@)5':%5)$*%"#;",8%'>()$'<%*)%H4J$?X]`%=:)*"'&%()$*5)&*'5%$*+<8%-)+:<%"#;"'&%,'2',$%)-%H4J$%#:%*"'%1&.#:$%)-%(')(,'%@#*"%H.&Q#:$):\$%<#$'.$'%*".:%#:%/):*&),%$+1l'/*$?X]Z%=:#5.,%.:<%/',,+,.&%$*+<#'$%.,$)%".2'%$")@:%*".*%$)5'%H4J$%(&)<+/'%H.&Q#:$):0,#Q'%/".:;'$%#:%*"'%1&.#:%)&%1&.#:%/',,$?X]Y

!"+$6%H4J$%*',,%.%/.+*#):.&8%*.,'^%#:*&)<+/*#):%)-%('&$#$*':*6%1#)./0/+5+,.*#2'6%.:<%*)>#/%/"'5#/.,$%#:*)%/)55'&/'%@#,,%(&'<#/*.1,8%".2'%.<2'&$'%"'.,*"%.:<%'/):)5#/%/):$'T+':/'$%-)&%5.:8%8'.&$6%'2':%.-*'&%*"'8%.&'%1.::'<?%


!)%1'%'--'/*#2'6%!34=%&'-)&5%5+$*%&'/);:#P'%*"'%+:#T+'%<.:;'&$%()$'<%18%'>()$+&'%*)%('&$#$*':*6%1#).//+5+,.*#2'6%.:<%*)>#/%(),,+*0.:*$%VHJ!$W6%$+/"%.$%H4J$6%HJFI$6%.:<%"'.28%5'*.,$6%.:<%#:/,+<'%(&)2#$#):$%*)%1.:%*"'5%'>/'(*%-)&%/&#*#/.,%+$'$?%4)55+:#*#'$%.:<%()(+,.*#):$%*".*%1'.&%<#$(&)()&0*#):.*',8%"#;"%1+&<':$%)-%HJ!%/):*.5#:.*#):%5+$*%1'%*"'%-)/+$%)-%'>()$+&'%&'<+/*#):%'--)&*$?

A:%.<<#*#):6%#*%#$%:)@%/,'.&%*".*%':2#&):5':*.,%/"'5#/.,$%/.:%/):*&#1+*'%*)%:'+&)<';':'&.*#2'%/".:;'$%#:%*"'%.<+,*%.:<%.;#:;%1&.#:?%!"+$6%#:%)&<'&%*)%(&)*'/*%(+1,#/%"'.,*"6%!34=%&'-)&5%.,$)%5+$*%#:/,+<'%(&)2#$#):$%-)&%.$0$'$$#:;%*"'%'--'/*$%)-%#:<+$*&#.,%/"'5#/.,$%):%*"'%1&.#:%*"&)+;")+*%*"'%,#-'$(.:?


I :%*"'%K?3?%*)<.86%*"'&'%#$%#:/&'.$#:;%/):/'&:%*".*%':2#0

&):5':*.,%/):*.5#:.:*$%5.8%1'%".&5#:;%*"'%&'(&)<+/*#2'%"'.,*"%.:<%-'&*#,#*8%)-%@)5':%.:<%5':?%E'(&)<+/*#2'%.:<%-'&*#,#*8%(&)1,'5$%.(('.&%*)%1'%):%*"'%&#$'?

In women:

• =*%,'.$*%XB_%)-%@)5':%&'()&*'<%<#--#/+,*8%#:%/):/'#2#:;%.:<%5.#:*.#:#:;%(&';:.:/8%#:%BCCB6%.:%#:/&'.$'%)-%aC_%-&)5%XD[B?X][6X]D%9&)5%XD[B%*)%XDD`6%*"'%(&'2.,':/'%)-%#:-'&*#,0#*8%.,5)$*%<)+1,'<%#:%8)+:;'&%@)5':6%.;'$%X[bB`?XaC6XaX%=%&'/':*%+(<.*'%/):/,+<'$%*".*%*"'%*&':<%5.8%".2'%,'2','<%)--6%.,*")+;"%*"'&'%#$%<#$.;&''5':*%):%*"#$?XaB6Xa]

• 9#1&)#<$%.:<%)*"'&%-'&*#,#*80&',.*'<%<#$'.$'$6%,#Q'%':<)5'*&#)$#$%.:<%(),8/8$*#/%)2.&#.:%$8:<&)5'6%.&'%<#.;0:)$'<%5)&'%-&'T+':*,8%:)@6%@"#/"%5.8%1'%*"'%&'$+,*%)-%.%*&+'%#:/&'.$'6%1'**'&%<'*'/*#):6%)&%1)*"?Xaa

In men:

• =//)&<#:;%*)%.%,.&;'%$*+<8%)-%5':%-&)5%*"'%J)$*):%.&'.6%*'$*)$*'&):'%,'2',$%#:%.<+,*%5':%.&'%<'/,#:#:;?%!"#$%<'/,#:'%#$%:)*%'>(,.#:'<%18%.:%#:/&'.$'%#:%.;'%)&%)*"'&%"'.,*"%)&%,#-'$*8,'%-./*)&$%$+/"%.$%)1'$#*8%)&%$5)Q#:;?Xa`

• !'$*#/+,.&%/.:/'&%#:/&'.$'<%18%ZC_%1'*@'':%XDY]%.:<%BCC]%#:%*"'%K?3?XaZ

• 3('&5%/)+:*$%".2'%<'/,#:'<%#:%5':%#:%$)5'%.&'.$%)-%*"'%K?3?6%I+&)('6%.:<%=+$*&.,#.?XaY

In children:

• A:%K?3?%;#&,$6%(+1'&*8%#$%1';#:0:#:;%'.&,#'&%*".:%#:%*"'%(.$*?Xa[%=%@'#;"*0)-0*"'0'2#<':/'%'2.,+.*#):%)-%"+5.:%.:<%.:#5.,%$*+<#'$%$+;;'$*$%*".*%':<)/&#:'0<#$&+(*#:;%/"'5#/.,$6%(.&*#/+,.&,8%'$*&);':%5#5#/$%.:<%.:*#0.:<&);':$6%.$%@',,%.$%#:/&'.$'<%1)<8%-.*%.:<%/'&*.#:%$)/#.,%/#&/+5$*.:/'$6%/.:%.<2.:/'%*"'%):$'*%)-%(+1'&*8?XaD6X`C

• E'(&)<+/*#2'%*&./*%.1:)&5.,#*#'$%.&'%#:/&'.$#:;%#:%/'&*.#:%()(+,.0*#):$?%A:%):'%.:.,8$#$%)-%*@)%K?3?%$+&2'#,,.:/'%$8$*'5$6%/&8(*)&/"#<#$5%V+:<'$/':<'<%*'$*#/,'V$WW%#:/&'.$'<%BCC_%1'*@'':%XDYC%.:<%XDD]?X`X%A:%$)5'%$+&2'#,,.:/'%$8$*'5$6%*"'%#:/#<':/'%)-%"8()$(.<#.$%

V<'-)&5#*8%)-%*"'%(':#$W%".$%#:/&'.$'<6%@"'&'.$%#:%)*"'&$6%#:/&'.$'$%".2'%,'2','<%)--?X`B6X`]

!'$*#/+,.&%<8$;':'$#$%$8:<&)5'%V<'$/&#1'<%1',)@W6%&'$+,*#:;%-&)5%01$6(#-,%'>()$+&'%*)%':<)/&#:'0<#$&+(*#:;%/"'5#/.,$6%".$%1'':%(&)()$'<%.$%.:%#:*';&.*#:;%'>(,.:.0*#):%-)&%*"'%)1$'&2'<%#:/&'.$'$%#:%*'$*#/+0,.&%/.:/'&6%/):;':#*.,%.1:)&5.,#*#'$%)-%*"'%5.,'%&'(&)<+/*#2'%*&./*6%.:<%<'/&'.$'$%#:%$('&5%/)+:*?X`a%A:<''<6%.%;&)@#:;%.:<%/)5(',,#:;%1)<8%)-%'2#<':/'%$+;0;'$*$%*".*%/"'5#/.,%'>()$+&'$%.&'%,#Q',8%*)%1'%#:-,+':/#:;%5.:8%)-%*"'$'%*&':<$%#:%-'5.,'$%.:<%5.,'$?X``6X`Z6X`Y

!"'%-#:.:/#.,%/):0$'T+':/'$%)-%*"'$'%

/):<#*#):$%.&'%"#;",8%$#;:#-#/.:*?%A:%BCCB6%K?3?%(.*#':*$%.:<%*"'#&%#:$+&'&$%$(':*%.:%'$*#5.*'<%eB?D%1#,,#):%):%#:-'&*#,#*8%*&'.*5':*$%.,):'?X`[


!"'%4F4%".$%(+1,#$"'<%<.*.%$")@0#:;%*".*%'>()$+&'$%*)%':<)/&#:'0<#$&+(*#:;%/"'5#/.,$%,#Q'%("*".,.*'$6%1#$("':),%=%VJH=W6%('&-,+)&#:.*'<%/)5()+:<$6%.:<%/.<5#+5%.&'%/)55):?%!"'%4F4%&'()&*$%*".*%.,05)$*%'2'&8):'%".$%*"'$'%/"'5#/.,$%#:%*"'#&%1)<#'$6%$)5'%.*%,'2',$%:'.&%)&%.1)2'%*")$'%$")@:%#:%$/#':*#-#/%$*+<#'$%*)%/.+$'%.<2'&$'%'--'/*$%):%&'(&)<+/*#2'%"'.,*"?X`D6XZC6XZX%

E'/':*%#:2'$*#;.*#):$%$")@%*".*%"#;"'&%,'2',$%)-%'>()$+&'%*)%

Reproductive Health and Fertility Problems

THE HEALTH REPORT16

':<)/&#:'0<#$&+(*#:;%/"'5#/.,$%.&'%.$$)/#.*'<%@#*"%.<2'&$'%'--'/*$%):%&'(&)<+/*#2'%5'.$+&'$%.:<%1#&*"%)+*/)5'$%#:%*"'%;':'&.,%()(+,.0*#):6%#:/,+<#:;%&'<+/'<%$('&5%T+.,#*8%#:%5':6%(&'5.*+&'%1#&*"6%,)@%1#&*"%@'#;"*6%.:<%1'".2#)&.,%/".:;'$%#:%/"#,<&':?XZB6XZ]6XZa6XZ`6XZZ6XZY%!"'$'%-#:<#:;$%.&'%/):$#$*':*%@#*"%.%,.&;'%1)<8%)-%'>('&#5':*.,%,.1)&.*)&8%<.*.?%

!"'%'>.5(,'$%1',)@%#,,+$*&.*'%*"'%&'.$):%-)&%/):/'&:%.1)+*%'>()$+&'%*)%$)5'%/"'5#/.,$%.:<%*"'%()*':0*#.,%#5(./*$%):%&'(&)<+/*#2'%"'.,*"?%K:-)&*+:.*',86%*"'&'%.&'%-.&%5)&'%/"'5#/.,$%.1)+*%@"#/"%@'%".2'%,#**,'%)&%:)%<.*.%):%*"'%()*':*#.,%-)&%:';.*#2'%#5(./*$?

Bisphenol A

c2'&%*"'%(.$*%<'/.<'6%.%@'.,*"%)-%:'@%$*+<#'$%".$%$")@:%*".*%$)5'%/"'5#/.,$%/.:%./*%.$%':<)/&#:'%<#$&+(*)&$U/"'5#/.,$%*".*%#:*'&-'&'%@#*"%:)&5.,%")&5):'%-+:/*#):%.:<%&';+,.*#):?%=5):;%*"'$'%.&'%.:#5.,%$*+<#'$%*".*%,#:Q%(&':.*.,%.:<%'.&,80,#-'%'>()$+&'$%*)%JH=6%@"#/"%#$%-)+:<%#:%(),8/.&1):.*'%(,.$*#/%.:<%$)5'%-))<%.:<%1'2'&.;'%/.:%,#:#:;$6%*)%('&5.:':*%&'(&)<+/*#2'%/".:;'$%.:<%#:/&'.$'<%&#$Q$%)-%,.*'&%&'(&)<+/*#2'%"'.,*"%(&)1,'5$6%$+/"%.$%#:-'&*#,#*8%.:<%'.&,8%(+1'&*8?XZ[6XZD

=:#5.,%$*+<#'$%.,$)%$")@%*".*%(&':.*.,%'>()$+&'$%*)%JH=%.*%,'2',$%$#5#,.&%*)%*")$'%'>('&#':/'<%18%(')(,'%#:%*"'%;':'&.,%()(+,.0*#):%.,*'&%*"'%<'2',)(5':*%)-%*"'%(&)$*.*'%.:<%5.55.&8%;,.:<$6%#:/&'.$#:;%*"'%$+$/'(*#1#,#*8%-)&%<'2',)(#:;%/.:/'&%,.*'&%#:%,#-'?XYC6XYX

A:%,.1)&.*)&8%.:#5.,$6%#:/,+<0#:;%:):0"+5.:%

(&#5.*'$6%JH=%(&'2#)+$,8%@.$%$")@:%*)%.--'/*%*"'%<'2',)(5':*%)-%*"'%1&.#:6%/.+$#:;%/".:;'$%#:%;':<'&%$('/#-#/%1'".2#)&$?XYB%E'/':*,86%.%"+5.:%$*+<8%&'0()&*'<%*".*%*"'%"#;"'&%.%(&';:.:*%@)5.:\$%JH=%,'2',$%@'&'%<+&#:;%"'&%-#&$*%XZ%@''Q$%)-%(&';:.:/86%*"'%5)&'%,#Q',8%"'&%/"#,<%@.$%*)%,.*'&%$")@%1'".2#)&%$)5'@".*%.*8(#/.,%)-%#*$%;':<'&%.*%.;'%*@)?%M#&,$%':;.;'<%#:%5)&'%5.$/+,#:#P'<%1'".2#)&$6%@"#,'%1)8$%@'&'%5)&'%-'5#:#P'<?XY]

Phthalates

H&':.*.,%'>()$+&'%*)%("*".,.*'$%/)55):,8%-)+:<%#:%('&$):.,%/.&'%(&)<+/*$6%.$%.%-))<%/):*.5#:.:*6%.:<%#:%#*'5$%5.<'%-&)5%Hk4%(,.$*#/6%)&%2#:8,6%".$%1'':%,#:Q'<%*)%.,*'&'<%<'2',)(5':*%)-%*"'%5.,'%&'(&)<+/*#2'%$8$*'5%.:<%-'5#:#P'<%1'".2#)&$%#:%1)8$?%3)5'%&'$'.&/"0'&$%:)@%;&)+(%*"'%5.,'%1#&*"%<'-'/*$U+:<'$/':<'<%*'$*#/,'V$W%.:<%<'-)&5#*8%)-%*"'%(':#$U@#*"%*@)%)*"'&%/):<#*#):$%)-%*"'%5.,'%&'(&)<+/*#2'%*&./*U,)@%$('&5%/)+:*$%.:<%*'$*#/+,.&%/.:/'&?%!"'$'%-)+&%5'<#/.,%/):<#*#):$%.&'%/),0,'/*#2',8%/.,,'<%*'$*#/+,.&%<8$;':'$#$%

$8:<&)5'%V!F3W?%=:#5.,%$*+<#'$%$+;;'$*%*".*%.%!F30,#Q'%/):<#*#):%/.:%1'%)1$'&2'<%.-*'&%-'*.,%'>()0$+&'%*)%("*".,.*'$?XY`

A:%R)2'51'&%BCCD6%.%$*+<8%)-%5)*"'&$%.:<%*"'#&%/"#,<&':%-)+:<%*".*%1)8$%1)&:%*)%5)*"'&$%@#*"%"#;"'&%,'2',$%)-%("*".,.*'$%#:%*"'#&%+&#:'%<+&#:;%(&';:.:/8%@'&'%5)&'%,#Q',8%*)%'>"#1#*%-'5#:#P'<%1'".2#)&$%*".:%1)8$%@")$'%5)*"'&$%".<%,)@'&%,'2',$%)-%'>()$+&'?XYZ

Perfluorinated chemicals

3*+<#'$%)-%('&-,+)&#:.*'<%/"'5#/.,$6%/)55):,8%+$'<%#:%$*.#:0(&))-%.:<%:):0$*#/Q%(&)<+/*$6%.,$)%5.8%:';.*#2',8%.--'/*%&'(&)<+/*#2'%"'.,*"?%3)5'%$*+<#'$%".2'%-)+:<%

*".*%"#;"'&%,'2',$%)-%5.*'&:.,%'>()$+&'%*)%*"'$'%/)5()+:<$%.&'%*#'<%*)%,)@'&%1#&*"%@'#;"*%#:%:'@01)&:$?XYY6XY[6XYD6X[C%=:)*"'&%$*+<8%-)+:<%*".*%F.:#$"%5':%@#*"%"#;"'&%,'2',$%)-%('&-,+)&#0:.*'<%/)5()+:<$%".<%-'@'&%:)&5.,%$('&5%.:<%,)@'&%$('&5%/):/':*&.0*#):$?X[X%=%&'/':*%$*+<8%)-%/"#,<&':%,#2#:;%:'.&%.%('&-,+)&#:.*'<%/"'5#/.,%(&)<+/0

A wide range of wildlife populations has been adversely a!ected by exposure to endocrine-disrupting contaminants. Impacts among birds, fish, shellfish, mammals, and reptiles include decreased fertility and increased reproductive tract abnormalities, feminization and demasculinization in the males, and masculinization and defeminization in the females.174


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Cadmium

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THE HEALTH REPORT18

T "'%:+51'&%)-%(')(,'%#:%*"'%K:#*'<%3*.*'$%@#*"%.$*"5.%

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=$*"5.%#$%):'%)-%*"'%5)$*%/)55):%/"#,<"))<%/"&):#/%<#$'.$'$6%.:<%.%"#;"'&%('&/':*0.;'%)-%/"#,<&':%*".:%.<+,*$%".2'%.$*"5.?%R'.&,8%):'%#:%*':%VD?Z_6%)&%.1)+*%$'2':%5#,,#):W%/"#,<&':%#:%*"'%K?3?%".2'%.$*"5.?%F#.;:)$'$%.&'%'$('/#.,,8%"#;"%.5):;%1)8$?%!"'%;&'.*'$*%&#$'%#:%.$*"5.%&.*'$%-&)5%BCCX%*)%BCCD%@.$%.5):;%1,./Q%/"#,<&':6%@#*"%.%:'.&,8%`C_%#:/&'.$'%#:%(&'2.,':/'?%3'2':*'':%('&/':*%)-%:):07#$(.:#/%1,./Q%/"#,<&':%".<%.$*"5.%#:%BCCD6%*"'%"#;"'$*%&.*'%.5):;%&./#.,j'*":#/%;&)+($?XDB

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=%BCCa%3@'<#$"%$*+<8%/)5(.&'<%XD[%8)+:;%/"#,<&':%@#*"%.$*"5.%.:<%.,,'&;#'$%*)%BCB%"'.,*"8%/):*&),%$+1l'/*$?%!"'%")5'%':2#&):5':*%)-%'2'&8%/"#,<%@.$%'>.5#:'<6%@#*"%.#&%.:<%<+$*%$.5(,'$%*.Q':%#:%*"'%&))5%@"'&'%*"'%/"#,<%$,'(*?%!"'%/"#,<&':%@")$'%1'<&))5$%/):*.#:'<%"#;"'&%,'2',$%)-%*"'%("*".,.*'%FI7H%@'&'%5)&'%,#Q',8%*)%".2'%1'':%<#.;:)$'<%@#*"%.$*"5.%18%.%("8$#/#.:?XDD%4+&&':*%$*+<#'$%.&'%&''>.5#:#:;%*"'%()$$#01,'%.$$)/#.*#):%1'*@'':%("*".,.*'$%.:<%.$*"5.%@#*"%5)&'%&#;)&)+$%(&)$('/*#2'%$*+<8%<'$#;:$?%


4):$+5'&$6%&'*.#,'&$6%.:<%)*"'&%<)@:$*&'.5%+$'&$%)-%/"'5#/.,$U#:/,+<#:;%5.:+-./*+&0'&$%.:<%<#$*&#1+*)&$%)-%*)8$%.:<%)*"'&%(&)<+/*$U".2'%.%(&)1,'5%#:%/)55):^%*"'8%/.::)*%;.#:%.//'$$%*)%1.$#/%#:-)&5.*#):%.1)+*%*"'%/"'5#/.,$%+$'<%*)%5.Q'%*"'#&%(&)<+/*$?%J'/.+$'%-'<'&.,%,.@%<)'$%:)*%':$+&'%*"'%&#;"*%*)%Q:)@%

Asthma


@".*%@'%.&'%'>()$'<%*)6%@'%<):\*%".2'%*"'%#:-)&5.*#):%@'%:''<%*)%#<':*#-8%.,,%*"'%$)+&/'$%)-%#:<))&%.#&%(),,+*#):%*".*%5.8%1'%/.+$#:;%.$*"5.%)&%*&#;;'&#:;%$85(*)5$?

7)@%/.:%.:%'>('/*.:*%5)*"'&%<'*'&5#:'%#-%*"'&'%#$%-)&5.,<'"8<'%#:%*"'%(.&*#/,'1).&<%+$'<%*)%5.Q'%

/&#1$%.:<%)*"'&%:+&$'&8%-+&:#$"#:;$o%7)@%<)'$%.%:'@%-.*"'&%<'/#<'%@"#/"%1.18%$".5())%5.8%/):*.#:%("*".,.*'$o%O"8%$")+,<%:'@%(.&0':*$%".2'%*)%@)&&8%.1)+*%@"'*"'&%()*':*#.,,8%<.:;'&)+$%/"'5#/.,$%.&'%#:%*"'%(&)<+/*$%*"'8%/"))$'%-)&%*"'#&%:'@1)&:%/"#,<&':o

!)%1'%'--'/*#2'6%!34=%&'-)&5%$")+,<%#:/,+<'%.%&'T+#&'5':*%*".*%/"'5#/.,%5.:+-./*+&'&$%(+1,#/,8%<#$/,)$'%#:-)&5.*#):%):%*"'%+$'$%)-%.:<%"'.,*"%".P.&<$%.$$)/#.*'<%@#*"%*"'#&%/"'5#/.,$6%.:<%*"'%@.8$%*".*%(')(,'%/)+,<%1'%'>()$'<%#:%*"'#&%")5'$6%$/")),$6%)&%(,./'$%)-%@)&Q?

Table 3: Examples of Chemical Pollutants from Indoor Sources Implicated in Asthma or Its Symptoms200

Compounds Example Sources

=,<'"8<'$

9)&5.,<'"8<' 4)5()$#*'%@))<%.:<%)*"'&%(&)<+/*$%@#*"%+&'.0-)&5.,<'"8<'%&'$#:6%$)5'%.&/"#*'/*+&.,%-#:#$"'$6%*)1.//)%$5)Q'6%.:<%)*"'&%/)51+$*#):%(&)/'$$'$

=&)5.*#/$

J':P':'6%*),+':'6%>8,':'$6%$*8&':'6%'*"8,1':P':'6%'*"8,*),0+':'$6%.:<%:.("*".,':'

G)*)&%2'"#/,'%'>".+$*6%;.$),#:'j-+',6%*)1.//)%$5)Q'6%$),2':*01.$'<%(.#:*$6%-,))&%.<"'$#2'$6%Hk4%-,))&#:;6%/.&('*#:;6%(&#:*'<%5.*'&#.,6%$),2':*01.$'<%/):$+5'&%(&)<+/*$

F#/",)&)1':P':' G)*"%1.,,$6%1.*"&))5%<')<)&#P'&$

4",)&)1':P':' H)$$#1,8%$),2':*01.$'<%(.#:*$

=,#(".*#/%"8<&)/.&1):$

7'>.:'6%:):.:'6%<'/.:'6%+:<'0/.:'6%.:<%<)<'/.:'

3)5'%.&/"#*'/*+&.,%-#:#$"'$6%-,))&%.<"'$#2'$6%Hk4%-,))&#:;6%@.>'$6%.'&)$),%.#&%-&'$"':'&$

=,#(".*#/$%V;':'&.,W 4.&('*%(.<<#:;6%.<"'$#2'$6%/.+,Q$6%(.#:*

k),.*#,'%)&;.:#/%/)5()+:<$%Vkc4$W6%)*"'&

G'*"8,/8/,)(':*.:' G)*)&%2'"#/,'%'>".+$*%.:<%'2.()&.*#2'%'5#$$#):$

J+*.:), 3)5'%.&/"#*'/*+&.,%-#:#$"'$

L#5):':' 4,'.:#:;%(&)<+/*$6%.#&%-&'$"':'&$6%5.:8%/):$+5'&%(&)<+/*$

!'*&./",)&)'*"8,':' F&80/,'.:#:;%$),2':*%.:<%<&80/,'.:'<%/,)*"#:;

!&#/",)&)'*"8,':' ='&)$),%(.#:*$6%.<"'$#2'$6%,+1&#/.*#:;%)#,$6%(.#:*%&'5)2'&$

H"*".,.*'%'$*'&$

JJpH k#:8,%-,))&#:;6%/.&('*%*#,'6%.<"'$#2'$

FI7H k#:8,%-,))&#:;6%Hk4%(,.$*#/$

THE HEALTH REPORT20

E H=%=<5#:#$*&.*)&%N./Q$):%)--'&'<%.%/)55):$':$'%

'T+.*#):%#:%"'&%$(''/"%*)%*"'%=5'&#/.:%H+1,#/%7'.,*"%=$$)/#.*#):^%.%<'/,#:'%#:%'>()$+&'%*)%*)>#/%/"'5#/.,$%@#,,%&'$+,*%#:%.%<'/,#:'%#:%/"&):#/%<#$'.$'%.:<%,)@'&%"'.,*"%/.&'%/)$*$?%

O"#,'%#*%#$%<#--#/+,*%*)%T+.:*#-8%")@%5+/"%5):'8%@)+,<%1'%$.2'<%+:<'&%!34=%&'-)&56%$)5'%$':$'%)-%*"'%()*':*#.,%$.2#:;$%.:<%'/):)5#/%;.#:$%/.:%1'%;,'.:'<%-&)5%$)+&/'$%*".*%".2'%+$'<%$)("#$*#/.*'<%5)<',#:;%*)%(&)l'/*%/)$*$%.:<%$.2#:;$?%

Health and social costs of hazardous environmental exposures in children

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G)&')2'&6%*"'%#5(&)2'5':*%#:%/);:#*#2'%.1#,#*8%.$$)/#.*'<%@#*"%<'/&'.$'<%,'.<%'>()$+&'%#$%(&'0<#/*'<%*)%&'$+,*%#:%#:/&'.$'<%@)&Q'&%(&)<+/*#2#*86%@#*"%.:%'$*#5.*'<%'/):)5#/%1':'-#*%*)%*"'%K?3?%)-%1'*@'':%eXXC%.:<%e]XD%1#,,#):%<),,.&$%'./"%8'.&?BCa

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*)%(&'2':*%<#$'.$'%.:<%<#$.1#,#*8%#:%*"'%K?3?%!"'%:+51'&$%:)*%):,8%$")@%*".*%&';+,.*#):%)-%,'.<%@.$%<#&'/*,8%,#:Q'<%*)%.%<&)(%#:%1,))<%,'.<%,'2',$6%1+*%*"'%,';#$,.*#2'%./*#):%$.2'<%$#;:#-#/.:*%"'.,*"%/.&'%/)$*$%.:<%@#,,%&'$+,*%#:%'/):)5#/%;.#:%<+'%*)%#:/&'.$'<%@)&Q'&%(&)<+/*#2#*8?%

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“If our students are getting sick because we’ve built schools in polluted areas, they are going to fall behind. The poor who get sick because of toxins in their neighborhoods are the same people who typically seek treatment in emergency rooms. That drives up health care costs for everyone. And environmental health issues hold back economic growth. Let me repeat that, because there are a lot of people who think that we can’t address these issues and strengthen our economy. In fact, we must address these issues to strengthen our economy. Environmental health issues hold back economic growth.”

EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson at the American Public Health Association, November 8, 2009201

Reducing Our Health Care Costs


Conclusion

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THE HEALTH REPORT22

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Endnotes


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THE HEALTH REPORT24

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THE HEALTH REPORT26

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THE HEALTH REPORT28

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The Safer Chemicals, Healthy Families coalition includes nurses, parents, advocates for the learning disabled, scientists, environmental health advocates, and concerned citizens from across the nation. These diverse groups are united by their common concern about toxic chemicals in our homes, places of work, and products we use every day.

!"#$%&'($)*+",-.$",/(0&1")*,*$-www.SaferChemicals .org

chemicals and our health 2012

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