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Chemical Signals in Animals

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Page 1: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Chemical Signals in Animals

Page 2: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Chemical Signals in Animals

•A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message

•Secreted by endocrine glands (“ductless glands”)

•May affect whole body or only target cells

•Important for maintaining homeostasis.

Page 3: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Chemical Signals in Animals

•Nervous system and endocrine system are very closely interrelated

•Some hormones are secreted by nerve cells

•Some act as both hormones and neurotransmitters.

Page 4: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

Blood calcium level

Page 5: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

rises

Blood calcium level

Page 6: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

rises

Blood calcium level

Page 7: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

calcitonin

rises

Blood calcium level

Page 8: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

calcitonin

rises lowers

Blood calcium level

Page 9: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

calcitonin

rises lowers

Blood calcium level

drops

Page 10: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

calcitonin

rises lowers

Blood calcium level

drops

Page 11: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

calcitonin

rises lowers

Blood calcium level

drops parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Page 12: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

calcitonin

rises lowers

Blood calcium level

raises drops parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Page 13: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

insulin

rises lowers

Blood glucose level

raises drops glucagon

Page 14: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

The thyroid makes thyroxin (T4), which controls metabolic rate and other functions.

T4

Page 15: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

is made by the anterior pituitary.

T4TSH

Page 16: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

TSH releasing hormone (TRH)

is made by the hypothalamus.

T4TSHTRH

Page 17: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

A buildup of T4 signals the hypothalamus

to stop making TRH.

T4TSHTRH

Page 18: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Homeostasis

A buildup of TSH does the same thing.

T4TSHTRH

Page 19: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Hormonal Signals

Some are local and affect only neighboring cells. These are broken down within seconds

Tropic hormones affect other endocrine glands

Pheromones affect other organisms

Receptors can be on the cell surface or intracellular.

Page 20: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Some Important Glands

Hypothalamus & pituitary

•Control of other glands,

•Growth (GH)

•Menstruation & lactation

•Many other functions.

Page 21: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Some Important Glands

Pineal

•Biological rhythms

Thyroid & Parathyroid

•Homeostasis (calcitonin & PTH)

Pancreas

•Blood glucose (insulin & glucagon).

Page 22: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Some Important Glands

Adrenal

•Stress (epinephrine & norepinephrine)

Gonadal

•Androgens, estrogen, progestin.

Page 23: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

Page 24: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

Page 25: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

menstruation

follicle

Page 26: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

hypothalamus

pituitary

follicle

uterus

Page 27: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH & LH

hypothalamus

pituitary

follicle

uterus

Page 28: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

thickens

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

hypothalamus

pituitary

follicle

uterus

Page 29: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

hypothalamus

pituitary

follicle

uterus

estrogen

thickens

Page 30: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

hypothalamus

pituitary

follicle

uterus

estrogen

thickens

Page 31: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

hypothalamus

pituitary

follicle

uterus

thickens

Page 32: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

hypothalamus

pituitary

follicle

uterus

thickens

Page 33: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

hypothalamus

pituitary

follicle

uterus

thickens

Page 34: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

hypothalamus

pituitary

follicle

uterus

thickens

Page 35: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

hypothalamus

pituitary

follicle

uterus

thickens

Page 36: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen

estrogen

hypothalamus

pituitary

follicle

uterus

thickens

Page 37: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen

estrogen

Ovulation!

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

thickens

Page 38: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen

estrogen

corpus luteum

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

Page 39: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen

estrogen

corpus luteum

ovum

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

Page 40: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen

estrogen

corpus luteum

ovum

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

Page 41: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen & progesterone

estrogen & progesterone

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

ovum

corpus luteum

Page 42: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen & progesterone

estrogen & progesterone

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

develops endometrium

ovum

corpus luteum

Page 43: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen & progesterone

estrogen & progesterone

Stop!

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

develops endometrium

ovum

corpus luteum

Page 44: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen & progesterone

estrogen & progesterone

Stop!

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

develops endometrium

ovum

corpus luteum

Page 45: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen & progesterone

estrogen & progesterone

Stop!

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

develops endometrium

ovum

corpus luteum

Page 46: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen & progesterone

estrogen & progesterone

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

ovum

corpus luteum

Page 47: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen & progesterone

estrogen & progesterone

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

menstruation

ovum

corpus luteum

Page 48: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

BACK TO THE BEGINNING

GnRH

hypothalamus

pituitary

follicle

uterusmenstruation

Page 49: Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by

Vocabulary Reviewhormone

endocrine

target cells

homeostasis

calcitonin

PTH

insulin

glucagon

tropic hormone

pheromone

hypothalamus

pituitary

thyroid

pancreas

adrenal

gonadal


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