chemical reactions and enzymes 2.4. chemical reactions change one substance into another involve...
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Chemical reactions and enzymes2.4
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Chemical reactions
• Change one substance into another• Involve changes to the chemical bonds that hold
molecules together
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Energy in reactions
• Reactions that release E can happen spontaneously
• Reactions that absorb E can’t happen without an energy source (ex: the sun for photosynthesis)
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Activation energy
• The energy needed to get a reaction started.
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Enzymes
• Lower the activation energy
• Act as a catalyst• Not used up in the
reaction• Speed up chemical
reactions that take place in cells
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How enzymes work
• The shape of the enzymes allow substrates (reactants) to bind to it
• While bound to the enzyme, the substrates react
• When the products are released, the enzyme is free to start the process overSucrase breaks apart sucrose
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Enzymes
• Can make a reaction go 10 million times faster!
• Are very specific – only catalyze one reaction each
• Are affected by pH and temperature
• Are essential for life processes
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Restriction enzyme binds to DNA (blue)
Enzyme from an Insect-eating plant
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Human salivary amylase (spit)