CHEMICAL &PHARMACEUTICAL

BULLETINVol. 48 2000

I N D E X

No. 1 pp. 1— 166

No. 2 pp. 167— 314

No. 3 pp. 315— 446

No. 4 pp. 447— 592

No. 5 pp. 593— 756

No. 6 pp. 757— 896

No. 7 pp. 897—1104

No. 8 pp. 1105—1248

No. 9 pp. 1249—1398

No. 10 pp. 1399—1596

No. 11 pp. 1597—1846

No. 12 pp. 1847—2020

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

2–12–15, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku,

Tokyo 150–0002, JAPAN

vi

Number 1

Regular ArticlesDual CCK-A and CCK-B Receptor Antagonists (II). Preparationand Structure Activity Relationships of 5-Alkyl-9-methyl-1,4-benzo-diazepines and Discovery of FR208419

S. Tabuchi, H. Ito, H. Sogabe, M. Kuno, T. Kinoshita, I. Katumi, N. Yamamoto, H. Mitsui, and Y. Satoh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Difference Spatial Distribution Function Analysis of Aqueous Solu-tions. II. Hydration Structures of Dimethyl Ether, 180° Ethyl MethylEther and 0° Ethyl Methyl Ether Solutions

T. Hata and Y. Ono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Nonpeptide Arginine Vasopressin Antagonists for Both V1A and V2

Receptors: Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 49-(1,4,5,6-Tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d ][1]benzoazepine-6-carbonyl)benzanilideDerivatives and 49-(5,6-Dihydro-4H-thiazolo[5,4-d ][1]benzoazepine-6-carbonyl)benzanilide Derivatives

A. Matsuhisa, N. Taniguchi, H. Koshio, T. Yatsu, and A. Tanaka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Lipid A and Related Compounds. XXXVII. Determination of Favor-able Binding Linkages of Lipid A Analog to Antigen Moiety for Syn-thetic Vaccines

K. Ikeda, K. Miyajima, T. Shimizu, and K. Achiwa. . . . . . . . . . . . 32Mono and Trinuclear Complexes of a-Oximinoacetoacetylpyridine-4-phenylthiosemicarbazone

A. A. El-Asmy, M. E. Khalifa, T. H. Rakha, M. M. Hassanian, and A. M. Abdallah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

2-Hydroxy-5-(ethanolamino)-3-(109-Z-pentadecenyl)-1,4-benzo-quinone, New Microbial Phase II Metabolite of Maesanin

E. A. Abourashed, F. S. El-Feraly, I. A. Khan, and C. D. Hufford. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Interactions of Cyclodextrins with Dipalmitoyl, Distearoyl, andDimyristoyl Phosphatidyl Choline Liposomes. A Study by Leakage ofCarboxyfluorescein in Inner Aqueous Phase of Unilamellar Lipo-somes

J. Nishijo, S. Shiota, K. Mazima, Y. Inoue, H. Mizuno, and J. Yoshida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Structure and Stereochemistry of the Higher Bile Acid Isolated fromTurtle Bile: (22S,25R)-3a ,12a ,15a ,22-Tetrahydroxy-5b-cholestan-26-oic Acid

T. Kuramoto, Y. Kameyama, M. Kaneda, M. Shiro, T. Hoshita, and M. Une . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

The Inclusion Compounds of b-Cyclodextrin with 4-Substituted Ben-zoic Acid and Benzaldehyde Drugs Studied by Proton Nuclear Mag-netic Resonance Spectroscopy

C.-S. Lu, C.-J. Hu, Y. Yu, and Q.-J. Meng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Structure–Activity Relationships of a New Antifungal Imidazole,AFK-108, and Related Compounds

K. Hori, A. Sakaguchi, M. Kudoh, K. Ishida, Y. Aoyama, and Y. Yoshida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Chemical Constituents of Glycosmis citrifolia (WILLD.) LINDL. Struc-tures of Four New Acridones and Three New Quinolone Alkaloids

C. Ito, Y. Kondo, T.-S. Wu, and H. Furukawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Copper(II)-Catalyzed Oxidation of d-a-Tocopherol by Oxygen inAqueous Solution

Y. Nagata, C. Miyamoto, Y. Matsushima, and S. Matsumoto . . . . 71Three New Sesquiterpenoid Glucosides of Ficus pumila Fruit

J. Kitajima, K. Kimizuka, and Y. Tanaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77A New Concise Synthesis of Arcyriacyanin A and Its Unique In-hibitory Activity against a Panel of Human Cancer Cell Line

M. Murase, K. Watanabe, T. Yoshida, and S. Tobinaga . . . . . . . . . 81Acridone Alkaloids from the Root Bark of Severinia buxifolia inHainan

T.-S. Wu and C.-M. Chen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85A Chiral Synthesis of Four Stereoisomers of 1,3-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, an Inducer of Parkinson-like Syndrome

J. Toda, S. Matsumoto, T. Saitoh, and T. Sano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Steroidal Glycosides from the Aerial Part of Asclepias incarnata L. II.T. Warashina and T. Noro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Total Syntheses of Novel Cytocidal b -Carboline Alkaloids, Oxo-propalines D and G

T. Choshi, T. Kuwada, M. Fukui, Y. Matsuya, E. Sugino, and S. Hibino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

The Dakin–West Reaction of N-Alkoxycarbonyl-N-alkyl-a-aminoAcids Employing Trifluoroacetic Anhydride

M. Kawase, M. Hirabayashi, H. Kumakura, S. Saito, and K. Yamamoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Iron(III)Picolinate-Induced Oxygenation and Subsequent Rearrange-ment of Triterpenoid Derivatives with Hydrogen Peroxide

I. Okamoto, T. Takeya, Y. Kagawa, and E. Kotani . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120A Short-Step Synthesis of Orally Active Carbapenem Antibiotic CS-834

M. Mori and S. Oida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of 7-Methanesulfonylamino-6-phenoxychromones. Antiarthritic Effect of the 3-FormylaminoCompound (T-614) in Chronic Inflammatory Disease Models

T. Inaba, K. Tanaka, R. Takeno, H. Nagaki, C. Yoshida, and S. Takano. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

NotesStudies on the Number of Contacts between Ibuprofen and Ethenz-amide Using Thermal Analysis

S. Aoki, T. Mizutani, and K. Danjo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Isolation of Iso-grayanotoxin II from Leaves of Leucothoe grayanaMAX. Its X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis and Acute Toxicity in Mice

T. Terai, D. Araho, K. Osakabe, M. Katai, I. Narama, T. Matsuura, J. Katakawa, T. Tetsumi, and M. Sato . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Direct Lithiation and Alkylation of Trifluoromethyl Enol Ethers Hav-ing a b-Sulfur Substituent

M. Yoshimatsu and S. Kinoshita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145A New Diterpene Glycoside from Rabdosia Rubescens

H.-M. Liu, X. Yan, F. Kiuchi, and Z. Liu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity of 7-O-(4-O-Acetyl-3-iodo-2,3,6-trideoxy-a-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)daunomycinone and 7-O-(3-Chloro-2,3,6-trideoxy-4-O-propanoyl-a -L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-daunomycinone

N. Aligiannis, N. Pouli, P. Marakos, S. Mitaku, A.-L. Skaltsounis, S. Leonce, A. Pierre, and G. Atassi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Marstomentosides O-T, Polyoxypregnane Glycosides from Marsdeniatomentosa

F. Abe, T. Yamauchi, K. Honda, and N. Hayashi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Constituents of Holothuroidea.9. Isolation and Structure of a NewGanglioside Molecular Species from the Sea Cucumber Holothuriapervicax

K. Yamada, Y. Harada, T. Miyamoto, R. Isobe, and R. Higuchi. . . 157Reaction of 3-Acetonyl-5-cyano-1,2,4-thiadiazole with Phenylhy-drazine Hydrochlorides: Indolization and Phenylpyrazolation

T. Iwakawa, H. Nakai, G. Sugimori, and A. Murabayashi . . . . . . . 160A Facile Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-2,3-didehydroneuraminic Acid Deriva-tives

K. Ikeda, K. Konishi, K. Sano, and K. Tanaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Number 2

Regular ArticlesA Study of Drug–Carrier Interactions in Dry Powder Inhaler Formula-tions Using the Andersen Cascade Impactor, X-Ray Microanalysisand Time of Flight Aerosol Beam Spectrometry (TOFABS)

T. Srichana, A. Brain, C. Marriott, and G. P. Martin . . . . . . . . . . . 167Multiple Solubility Maxima of Oxolinic Acid in Mixed Solvents and aNew Extension of Hildebrand Solubility Approach

A. Jouyban-Gharamaleki, S. Romero, P. Bustamante, B. J. Clark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Partial Solubility Parameters of Lactose, Mannitol and SaccharoseUsing the Modified Extended Hansen Method and Evaporation LightScattering Detection

No. 12 I-1

Tables of Contents

M. A. Pena, Y. Daali, J. Barra, and P. Bustamante . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Development of Plasmin-Selective Inhibitors and Studies of TheirStructure–Activity Relationship

Y. Okada, Y. Matsumoto, Y. Tsuda, M. Tada, K. Wanaka, A. Hijikata-Okunomiya, and S. Okamoto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Tran-scriptase and Ribonuclease H Activities by Constituents of Juglansmandshurica

B.-S. Min, N. Nakamura, H. Miyashiro, Y.-H. Kim, and M. Hattori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

New Monoterpene Glycoside Esters and Phenolic Constituents ofPaeoniae Radix, and Increase of Water Solubility of Proanthocyani-dins in the Presence of Paeoniflorin

T. Tanaka, M. Kataoka, N. Tsuboi, and I. Kouno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201Determination of Hydration Kinetics of Sulfaguanidine Anhydrate inAqueous Solution by Calorimetry

Y. Yoshihashi, E. Yonemochi, M. Makita, S. Yamamura, E. Fukuoka, and K. Terada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Reactions of N-Hydroxysuccinimide Esters of Anthranilic Acids withAnions of b-Keto Esters. A New Route to 4-Oxo-3-quinolinecar-boxylic Acid Derivatives

C. Mitsos, A. Zografos, and O. Igglessi-Markopoulou. . . . . . . . . . 211Synthesis and Pharmacokinetics of 1a-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Tritiatedat 22 and 23 Positions Showing High Specific Radioactivity

A. Kawase, F. Ichikawa, N. Koike, S. Kamachi, W. E. Stumpf, Y. Nishii, and N. Kubodera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Fluorinative Beckmann Fragmentation: Fluorinative a-Cleavage ofCyclic Ketoximes by Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride

M. Kirihara, K. Niimi, M. Okumura, and T. Momose . . . . . . . . . . 220Mechanism of Superoxide Dismutase-like Activity of Fe(II) andFe(III) Complexes of Tetrakis-N,N,N 9,N 9(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenedi-amine

T. Hirano, M. Hirobe, K. Kobayashi, A. Odani, O. Yamauchi, M. Ohsawa, Y. Satow, and T. Nagano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Molecular State of Chlorpheniramine in ResinatesP. Akkaramongkolporn, E. Yonemochi, and K. Terada. . . . . . . . . . 231

Mechanism of Antioxidative Activity of Fluvastatin–Determination ofthe Active Position

T. Nakamura, H. Nishi, Y. Kokusenya, K. Hirota, and Y. Miura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

A Facilitated Cyclic Ether Formation and Its Potential Application inSolid-Phase Peptide and Organic Synthesis

D. Shan, A. Zheng, C. E. Ballard, W. Wang, R. T. Borchardt, and B. Wang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

[2-(w-Phenylalkyl)phenoxy]alkylamines II: Synthesis and SelectiveSerotonin-2 Receptor Binding

N. Tanaka, R. Goto, R. Ito, M. Hayakawa, A. Sugidachi, T. Ogawa, F. Asai, and K. Fujimoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Structural Features for Fluorescing Present in Methoxycoumarin De-rivatives

A. Takadate, T. Masuda, C. Murata, M. Shibuya, and A. Isobe . . . 256Scavengers for Peroxynitrite: Inhibition of Tyrosine Nitration and Oxi-dation with Tryptamine Derivatives, a-Lipoic Acid and SyntheticCompounds

H. Nakagawa, E. Sumiki, M. Takusagawa, N. Ikota, Y. Matsushima, and T. Ozawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Synthesis and Structure Studies of Complexes of Some Second RowTransition Metals with 1-(Phenylacetyl and Phenoxyacetyl)-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide

S. I. Mostafa and M. M. Bekheit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266Enantioselective Synthesis of (2R,49R,89R)-a-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)Based on Enzymatic Function

M. Nozawa, K. Takahashi, K. Kato, and H. Akita . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of O-(5-Isoxazolyl)-L-serine

F. Ikegami, A. Yamamoto, T. Sekine, T. Ishikawa, K. Kusamae-Eguchi, T. Kusama, and K. Watanabe . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

NotesAcetylated and Non-acetylated Flavonol Triglycosides from Galegaofficinalis

Y. Champavier, D. P. Allais, A. J. Chulia, and M. Kaouadji . . . . . . 281

Effect of Polymer Excipients on the Enzyme Activity of LyophilizedBilirubin Oxidase and b-Galactosidase Formulations

S. Yoshioka, Y. Aso, S. Kojima, and T. Tanimoto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283A New Oleanene Glucuronide Obtained from the Aerial Parts ofMelilotus officinalis

T. Hirakawa, M. Okawa, J. Kinjo, and T. Nohara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286An Efficient One-Pot Method for the Large-Quantitative Production ofRadiopharmaceutical Ligand : Diazadioximes

H.-J. Ding, Y.-F. Huang, C.-C. Tzeng, S.-J. Yeh, and L.-L. Wei . . . 288Cardiac Glycosides from Erysimum cheiranthoides

Z.-H. Lei, S. Yahara, T. Nohara, B.-S. Tai, J.-Z. Xiong, and Y.-L. Ma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

Design, Synthesis, Conformational Analysis and Biological Activitiesof Purine-Based 1,2-Di-substituted Carbocyclic Nucleosides

C. Teran, L. Santana, M. Teijeira, E. Uriarte, and E. De Clercq. . . 293Synthesis of Peptides with a ,b-Dehydroamino Acids. XIII Photo-isomerization of Ac-(Z)-DPhe-NHMe: Ac-(E)-DPhe-NHMe

Z. Kubica, T. Kozlecki, and B. Rzeszotarska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296Surface Active Properties of Simple Cyclic and Heterocyclic Aminesin Water

Y. Fujino and S. Yokoyama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298Two New Meliacarpinins from the Roots of Melia azedarach

Y. Fukuyama, M. Ogawa, H. Takahashi, and H. Minami . . . . . . . . 301

Communications to the EditorFacile Synthesis of Optically Active g-Lactones via Lipase-catalyzedReaction of 4-Substituted 4-Hydroxybutyramides

Y. Matsumura, T. Endo, M. Chiba, H. Fukawa, and Y. Terao . . . . . 304One-pot Enantioselective Synthesis of Optically Active HomoallylicAlcohols from Allyl Halides

M. Nakajima, M. Saito, and S. Hashimoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306Synthesis of Peptides Mimicking Chemokine Receptor CCR5 andTheir Inhibitory Effects against HIV-1 Infection

K. Konishi, K. Ikeda, K. Achiwa, H. Hoshino, and K. Tanaka. . . . 308Synthesis of J-111,347, a Novel 1b-Methylcarbapenem with Broad-spectrum Antibacterial Activity

H. Imamura, N. Ohtake, S. Sakuraba, A. Shimizu, K. Yamada, and H. Morishima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

New Estrogenic Antagonists Bearing Dicarba-closo-dodecaborane asa Hydrophobic Pharmacophore

Y. Endo, T. Yoshimi, and Y. Yamakoshi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

Number 3

ReviewChiral Monophosphines as Ligands for Asymmetric OrganometallicCatalysis

F. Lagasse and H. B. Kagan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Regular ArticlesHigh Entrapment of Insulin and Bovine Serum Albumin into Neutraland Positively-Charged Liposomes by the Remote Loading Method

S. H. Hwang, Y. Maitani, K. Takayama, and T. Nagai . . . . . . . . . . 325Characterization of the Activity of L-Ascorbic Acid 2-[3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl-hydrogen Phosphate] Potassium Salt in Hydroxyl Radical Elimina-tion

T. Tomita, M. Kashima, and Y. Tsujimoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330Chemical Constituents of Micromelum minutum. Isolation andStructural Elucidation of New Coumarins

C. Ito, T. Otsuka, N. Ruangrungsi, and H. Furukawa . . . . . . . . . . . 334Chemical Constituents of Avicennia alba. Isolation and StructuralElucidation of New Naphthoquinones and Their Analogues

C. Ito, S. Katsuno, Y. Kondo, H. T.-W. Tan, and H. Furukawa. . . . 339Mechanism of C-2 Hydroxylation during the Biosynthesis of 20-Hy-droxyecdysone in Ajuga Hairy Roots

K. Nomura and Y. Fujimoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344Structure–Specificity Relationship of Cardiac Glycosides as a Sub-strate for Glucohydrolase II

Y. Terada, R. Misoi, N. Watanabe, M. Hornberger, and W. Kreis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Sesquiterpenoid Derivatives from Ferula ferulioides. IV

I-2 No. 12

K. Kojima, K. Isaka, P. Ondognii, O. Zevgeegiin, P. Gombosurengyin, K. Davgiin, H. Mizukami, and Y. Ogihara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

The Constituents of the Root and Stem of Aristolochia heterophyllaHemsl

T.-S. Wu, Y.-Y. Chan, and Y.-L. Leu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357Steroidal Oligoglycosides from the Seeds of Allium tuberosum

T. Ikeda, H. Tsumagari, and T. Nohara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362Preparation and Characterization of Two Crystalline Forms of 4-Amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[(2S,4S )-1-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrrolidinyl]benzamide (TKS159)

T. Yanagi, J. Mizoguchi, T. Adachi, S. Sato, K. Kodama, K. Anzai, Y. Takagishi, C. Kamei, M. Fujiwara, T. Matsushita, Y. Yamashoji, and Y. Inoue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Quaternary Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Stephania cepharanthaT. Tanahashi, Y. Su, N. Nagakura, and H. Nayeshiro . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Structural Studies of C-Amidated Amino Acids and Peptides: CrystalStructures of Z–Gly–Phe–NH2, Tyr–Lys–NH2, and Asp–Phe–NH2

Y. In, S. Tani, and T. Ishida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374A Novel Class of Inhibitors for Human Steroid 5a-Reductase: Syn-thesis and Biological Evaluation of Indole Derivatives. II

S. Igarashi, H. Inami, H. Hara, M. Fujii, H. Koutoku, H. Oritani, and T. Mase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

Stereochemistry of cis- and trans-Hinokiresinol and Their Estrogen-like Activity

E. Minami, M. Taki, S. Takaishi, Y. Iijima, S. Tsutsumi, and T. Akiyama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

Quantification of the Surface Morphologies of Lactose Carriers andTheir Effect on the in Vitro Deposition of Salbutamol Sulphate

P. W. S. Heng, L. W. Chan, and L. T. Lim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393Convenient Synthesis of 2,3,9,10-Tetraoxygenated Protoberberine Al-kaloids and Their 13-Methyl Alkaloids

M. Hanaoka, T. Hirasawa, W. J. Cho, and S. Yasuda . . . . . . . . . . . 399Studies on Lewis Acid-Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization Reac-tions of Allene–Ene Systems

K. Hiroi, T. Watanabe, and A. Tsukui. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405Convenient Synthesis of 5-Trifluoroacetylated Imidazoles by RingTransformation of Mesoionic 1,3-Oxazolium-5-olates

M. Kawase and S. Saito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410A Tetrahydroisoquinoline-monoterpene Glucoside and an Iridoid Glu-coside from Alangium kurzii

T. Tanahashi, C. Kobayashi, A. Itoh, N. Nagakura, K. Inoue, H. Kuwajima, and H.-X. Wu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Influence of Production Variables on the Sphericity of Melt PelletsP. W. S. Heng, T. W. Wong, and L. W. Chan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

NotesCimiracemoside A: A New Cyclolanostanol Xyloside from the Rhi-zome of Cimicifuga racemosa

E. Bedir and I. A. Khan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425Novel Potassium Channel Activators. III. Synthesis and Pharmaco-logical Evaluation of 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine Derivatives:Modification at the 2 Position

Y. Matsumoto, W. Uchida, H. Nakahara, I. Yanagisawa, T. Shibanuma, and H. Nohira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Indonesian Medicinal Plants. XXIII. Chemical Structures of TwoNew Migrated Pimarane-type Diterpenes, Neoorthosiphols A and B,and Suppressive Effects on Rat Thoracic Aorta of Chemical Con-stituents Isolated from the Leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus (Lami-aceae)

K. Ohashi, T. Bohgaki, T. Matsubara, and H. Shibuya . . . . . . . . . . 433Synthesis of 2-Substituted 3-Nitro-1,2-dihydropyridines by Hetero-cyclic Annulation Reactions of a sec-Nitrodienamine with AldehydeCompounds

T. Koike, Y. Shinohara, N. Ishibashi, N. Takeuchi, and S. Tobinaga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

A Novel Cytotoxic C-Methylated Biflavone from the Stem ofCephalotaxus wilsoniana

Y.-H. Kuo, C.-H. Lin, S.-Y. Hwang, Y.-C. Shen, Y.-L. Lee, and S.-Y. Li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

O-(N-Succinimidyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium Tetrafluoroborate–N-

Hydroxysuccinimide–CuCl2: A Facile and Reliable System forRacemization-free Coupling of Peptides Having a Carboxy-terminalN-Methylamino Acid

Y. Nishiyama, S. Ishizuka, T. Mori, and K. Kurita . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

Communications to the EditorNovel Catalytic Asymmetric Sulfoxidation in Water Using the Hyper-valent Iodine Reagent Iodoxybenzene

H. Tohma, S. Takizawa, H. Morioka, T. Maegawa, and Y. Kita . . . 445

Number 4

Regular ArticlesCatalytic Mechanism of Class A b-Lactamase. I. The Role ofGlu166 and Ser130 in the Deacylation Reaction

M. Hata, Y. Fujii, M. Ishii, T. Hoshino, and M. Tsuda . . . . . . . . . . 447Enzymatic Reactivity and Anti-tumor Activity of 1-(b -D-Arabinofura-nosyl)-2-thiocytosine Derivatives

T. Kawaguchi, T. Ichikawa, T. Hasegawa, M. Saneyoshi, T. Wakayama, H. Kato, A. Yukita, and T. Nagata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

A Comparison of Cellactose with Two ad hoc Processed Lactose–Cel-lulose Blends as Direct Compression Excipients

M. Casalderrey, C. Souto, A. Concheiro, J. L. Gómez-Amoza, and R. Martínez-Pacheco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

Studies on Thermal Aggregation of Bovine Serum Albumin as a DrugCarrier

C. Honda, H. Kamizono, T. Samejima, and K. Endo . . . . . . . . . . . 464Quantitative Analysis of the Kinetic Constant of the Reaction of N,N9-Propylenedinicotinamide with the Hydroxyl Radical Using DimethylSulfoxide and Deduction of Its Structure in Chloroform

T. Akimoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467Effect of the Linking Position of a Side Chain in Bis(quinolyl-methyl)ethylenediamine as a DNA Binding Agent

Y. Mikata, Y. Onchi, M. Kishigami, and S. Yano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Bovine Cathepsin B and ItsComplex with CA074

A. Yamamoto, K. Tomoo, H. Miyagawa, Y. Takaoka, S. Sumiya, K. Kitamura, and T. Ishida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

Podophyllotoxin Aza-Analogue, A Novel DNA Topoisomerase II In-hibitor

A. Iida, M. Kano, Y. Kubota, K. Koga, and K. Tomioka . . . . . . . . 486Novel Potassium Channel Opener Prodrugs with a Slow Onset andProlonged Duration of Action

H. Horino, T. Mimura, S. Kobayashi, M. Ohta, H. Kubo, K. Ito, M. Tsumura, and M. Kitagawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490

Methyl Quadrangularates A—D and Related Triterpenes from Com-bretum quadrangulare

A. H. Banskota, Y. Tezuka, K. Q. Tran, K. Tanaka, I. Saiki, and S. Kadota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

Structures of 4-Aryl-coumarin (Neoflavone) Dimers Isolated fromPistacia chinensis BUNGE and Their Estrogen-like Activity

S. Nishimura, M. Taki, S. Takaishi, Y. Iijima, and T. Akiyama . . . 5054-Sulfenyl-2-carbamoyl-4-isoxazolin-3-ones: Biological Isostere to4-Chloro-2-carbamoyl-4-isoxazolin-3-ones

N. Kudo, T. Yoneda, K. Sato, T. Honma, and S. Sugai . . . . . . . . . . 509Cardenolide and Oxypregnane Glycosides from the Root of Asclepiasincarnata L.

T. Warashina and T. Noro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516Studies on the Reaction of Benzo[X]quinoline N-Oxides (X5 f, h, andg) with Methylsulfinyl Carbanion Using the Semi-empirical MolecularOrbital Method. Liberation of the N-Oxide Group

H. Matsuzaki, I. Takeuchi, and Y. Hamada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525Improved Synthesis of Paroxetine Hydrochloride Propan-2-ol Solvatethrough One of Metabolites in Humans, and Characterization of theSolvate Crystals

K. Sugi, N. Itaya, T. Katsura, M. Igi, S. Yamazaki, T. Ishibashi, T. Yamaoka, Y. Kawada, Y. Tagami, M. Otsuki, and T. Ohshima. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Structural and Spectral Characteristics of the Electrogenerated Tetra-cyanoethylene Dianion

N. Okumura, M. Goto, and B. Uno. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537Megastigmane, Benzyl and Phenethyl Alcohol Glycosides, and 4,49-

No. 12 I-3

Dimethoxy-b -truxinic Acid Catalpol Diester from the Leaves ofPremna subscandens MERR.

H. Sudo, T. Ide, H. Otsuka, E. Hirata, A. Takushi, T. Shinzato, and Y. Takeda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

NotesGlochidionolactones A—F: Butenolide Glucosides from Leaves ofGlochidion zeylanicum (GAERTN) A. JUSS

H. Otsuka, E. Hirata, A. Takushi, T. Shinzato, Y. Takeda, M. Bando, and M. Kido . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

Synthesis of Tricyclic Compounds as Steroid 5a-Reductase InhibitorsH. Takami, H. Nonaka, N. Kishibayashi, A. Ishii, H. Kase, and T. Kumazawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

Cholestane Glycosides from Solanum abutiloides. IIIH. Yoshimitsu, M. Nishida, and T. Nohara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

Butyrolactones from Aspergillus terreusK. V. Rao, A. K. Sadhukhan, M. Veerender, V. Ravikumar, E. V. S. Mohan, S. D. Dhanvantri, M. Sitaramkumar, J. Moses Babu, K. Vyas, and G. Om Reddy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

Efficient Synthesis of a Key Intermediate of DV-7751 via Optical Res-olution or Microbial Reduction

A. Miyadera, K. Satoh, and A. Imura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563Differentiation Inducing Activities of Isocoumarins from HydrangeaDulcis Folium

K. Umehara, M. Matsumoto, M. Nakamura, T. Miyase, M. Kuroyanagi, and H. Noguchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566

Studies on the Constituents of Solanaceous Plants. (46). SteroidalGlycosides from the Fruits of Solanum anguivi

X.-H. Zhu, T. Ikeda, and T. Nohara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568Stereoselective Reactions. XXXII. Enantioselective Deprotonationof 4-tert-Butylcyclohexanone by Fluorine-Containing Chiral LithiumAmides Derived from 1-Phenylethylamine and 1-(1-Naphthyl)ethyl-amine

K. Aoki and K. Koga. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571Two Novel C-Glycosides of Aureolic Acid Repress Transcription ofthe MDR1 Gene

M. Tagashira, T. Kitagawa, N. Nozato, S. Isonishi, A. Okamoto, K. Ochiai, and Y. Ohtake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

The Controlled Release of a Drug from Biodegradable Chitosan GelBeads

K. Kofuji, T. Ito, Y. Murata, and S. Kawashima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579Four New Furanone-Coumarins from Clausena excavata

Y. Takemura, K. Nakamura, T. Hirusawa, M. Ju-ichi, C. Ito, and H. Furukawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582

Temperature-Induced Crystallization and Compactibility of SprayDried Composite Particles Composed of Amorphous Lactose and Var-ious Types of Water-Soluble Polymer

H. Takeuchi, T. Yasuji, H. Yamamoto, and Y. Kawashima . . . . . . . 585An Efficient Synthesis of the Anti-asthmatic Agent T-440: A SelectiveN-Alkylation of 2-Pyridone

M. Sugahara, Y. Moritani, T. Kuroda, K. Kondo, H. Shimadzu, and T. Ukita. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

Number 5

Regular ArticlesSix New Ursane- and Oleanane-Type Triterpenes from the AerialRoots of Ficus microcarpa

Y.-H. Kuo and Y.-M. Chiang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593Six Podocarpane-Type Trinorditerpenes from the Bark of Taiwaniacryptomerioides

Y.-H. Kuo, C.-I Chang, and C.-K. Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597Determination of Secnidazole in Urine by Adsorptive StrippingVoltammetry

A.-E. Radi and A. Hassanein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600Effect of Polymethylene and Phenylene Linking Groups on the DNACleavage Specificity of Distamycin-Linked Hydroxamic Acid–Vanadyl Complexes

S. Hashimoto, T. Inui, and Y. Nakamura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603Electron Spin Resonance Studies of DipalmitoylphosphatidylcholineLiposomes Containing Soybean-Derived Sterylglucoside

K. Muramatsu, T. Masumizu, Y. Maitani, S. H. Hwang,

M. Kohno, K. Takayama, and T. Nagai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610New Cytotoxic Butanolides from Lindera obtusiloba BLUME

H. C. Kwon, N. I. Baek, S. U. Choi, and K. R. Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . 614Modification of the Physicochemical Properties of Minocycline Hy-drochloride Ointment with Cyclodextrines for Optimum Treatment ofBedsore

M. Shigeyama, T. Ohgaya, Y. Kawashima, H. Takeuchi, and T. Hino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

Synthesis and Serotonin 2 (5-HT2) Receptor Antagonist Activity of 5-Aminoalkyl-Substituted Pyrrolo[3,2-c]azepines and Related Com-pounds

A. Mizuno, A. Ogata, T. Kamei, M. Shibata, T. Shimamoto, Y. Hayashi, K. Nakanishi, C. Takiguchi, N. Oka, and N. Inomata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623

Benzaldehyde, 2-Hydroxybenzoyl Hydrazone Derivatives as Inhibitorsof the Corrosion of Aluminium in Hydrochloric Acid

A. S. Fouda, M. M. Gouda, and S. I. A. El-Rahman . . . . . . . . . . . 636Lupin Alkaloids from Chinese Maackia amurensis

Y.-H. Wang, J.-S. Li, Z.-R. Jiang, H. Kubo, K. Higashiyama, and S. Ohmiya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641

Effects of Aging on Crystallization, Dissolution and Absorption Char-acteristics of Amorphous Tolbutamide–2-Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodex-trin Complex

K. Kimura, F. Hirayama, H. Arima, and K. Uekama . . . . . . . . . . . 646Medicinal Flowers. II. Inhibitors of Nitric Oxide Production and Ab-solute Stereostructures of Five New Germacrane-Type Sesquiterpenes,Kikkanols D, D Monoacetate, E, F, and F Monoacetate from the Flow-ers of Chrysanthemum indicum L.

M. Yoshikawa, T. Morikawa, I. Toguchida, S. Harima, and H. Matsuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

Three New Sesquiterpene Lactones from the Pericarps of Illiciummerrillianum

J. Huang, Y. Fukuyama, C. Yang, H. Minami, and M. Tanaka . . . . 657Application of Liquid Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Chem-ical Ionization Mass Spectrometry to the Differentiation of Stereoiso-meric C19-Norditerpenoid Alkaloids

K. Wada, T. Mori, and N. Kawahara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660The Cyclization Reaction of Ortho-Ethynylbenzaldehyde Derivativesinto Isoquinoline Derivatives

T. Sakamoto, A. Numata, and Y. Kondo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669Sustained-Release Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride BilayerCaplets Containing the Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 2208Matrix. I. Formulation and Dissolution Characteristics

S. Ohmori and T. Makino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673Sustained-Release Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride BilayerCaplets Containing the Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 2208Matrix. II. Effects of Filling Order in Bilayer Compression andManufacturing Method of the Prolonged-Release Layer on Com-pactibility of Bilayer Caplets

S. Ohmori and T. Makino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678Synthesis of New Synthons for Organofluorine Compounds fromHalothane Containing Sulfur Functional Groups

M. Kato, K. Maeda, K. Sato, M. Omote, A. Ando, and I. Kumadaki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683

Polyphenols from Eriobotrya japonica and Their Cytotoxicity againstHuman Oral Tumor Cell Lines

H. Ito, E. Kobayashi, Y. Takamatsu, S.-H. Li, T. Hatano, H. Sakagami, K. Kusama, K. Satoh, D. Sugita, S. Shimura, Y. Itoh, and T. Yoshida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of R-102557 and Related Diox-ane-Triazole Derivatives

S. Oida, Y. Tajima, T. Konosu, Y. Nakamura, A. Somada, T. Tanaka, S. Habuki, T. Harasaki, Y. Kamai, T. Fukuoka, S. Ohya, and H. Yasuda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694

Intermediate State during the Crystal Transition in Aspartame, Studied with Thermal Analysis, Solid-State NMR, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

K. Ebisawa, N. Nagashima, K. Fukuhara, S. Kumon, S. Kishimoto, E. Suzuki, S. Yoneda, and H. Umeyama . . . . . . . . . 708

Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Piperidine-Condensed Tricyclic Car-bapenems (5-Azatrinems) and Their Antibacterial Activities

I-4 No. 12

M. Mori, A. Somada, and S. Oida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716

NotesSynthesis and a-Adrenergic Binding Ligand Affinities of 2-Iminoimi-dazolidine Derivatives

J. Chang-Fong, K. Benamour, B. Szymonski, F. Thomasson, J.-M. Morand, and M. Cussac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

Studies on Bioadhesive Granules I: Granules Formulated withProsopis africana (Prosopis) Gum

A. A. Attama, M. U. Adikwu, and N. D. Okoli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734Two New Quinones from Iris bungei

A. Rahman, M. I. Choudhary, M. N. Alam, P. Ö. Ndognii, T. Badarchiin, and G. Purevsuren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738

Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Hydroxyproline-Derived Pep-tidomimetics as Isoprenyltransferase Inhibitors

C. E. O’Connell, C. A. Rowell, K. Ackermann, A. M. Garcia, M. D. Lewis, and J. J. Kowalczyk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740

D9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Content in Cannabis Plants of Greek OriginM. Stefanidou, S. Athanaselis, G. Alevisopoulos, J. Papoutsis, and A. Koutselinis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743

Studies of the Constituents of Gardenia Species. II. Terpenoids fromGardeniae Fructus

K. Machida, K. Oyama, M. Ishii, R. Kakuda, Y. Yaoita and M. Kikuchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746

Sterol Constituents from Two Edible Mushrooms, Lentinula edodesand Tricholoma matsutake

N. Ohnuma, K. Amemiya, R. Kakuda, Y. Yaoita, K. Machida and M. Kikuchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749

New Megastigmane and Tetraketide from the Leaves of Euscaphisjaponica

Y. Takeda, Y. Okada, T. Masuda, E. Hirata, T. Shinzato, A. Takushi, Q. Yu, and H. Otsuka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752

Communications to the EditorStudies on the 1,4-Oxazepine Ring Formation Reaction Using theMolecular Orbital Method

H. Matsuzaki, I. Takeuchi, Y. Hamada, and K. Hatano . . . . . . . . . 755

Number 6

ReviewAdventures with Heterocycles

R. Huisgen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757

Regular ArticlesFour New Terpenes from the Pericarp of Platycladus orientalis

Y.-H. Kuo, W.-C. Chen, and C.-K. Lee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766The Effects of Adsorbed Water on Tensile Strength and Young’s Mod-ulus of Moldings Determined by Means of a Three-Point BendingMethod

T. Tsukamoto, C. Y. Chen, H. Okamoto, and K. Danjo . . . . . . . . . 769Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analysis of Ras Oncogeneby Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detec-tor

A. Nishimura and M. Tsuhako . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774Characteristics of Complexes Composed of Sodium Hyaluronate andBovine Serum Albumin

S. Xu, J. Yamanaka, S. Sato, I. Miyama, and M. Yonese . . . . . . . . 779ESR Study on the Antioxidant Activity of TAK-218 in BiologicalModel Membranes

M. Murakami, K. Fukatsu, S. Ohkawa, F. Kasahara, and T. Sugawara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784

Study of Tolbutamide–Hydroxypropyl-g-cyclodextrin Interaction inSolution and Solid State

M.-D. Veiga and F. Ahsan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793Absorption, First-Pass Metabolism, and Disposition of Itraconazole inRats

S. D. Yoo, E. Kang, H. Jun, B. S. Shin, K. C. Lee, and K. H. Lee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798

Phosphorylation of D-Glucose Derivatives with Inorganic Cyclo-Triphosphate: Substituent Effect at the 5-CH2OH or 2-OH Group

H. Inoue, M. Watanabe, H. Nakayama, and M. Tsuhako . . . . . . . . 802

Study of Synthesis and Cardiovascular Activity of Some Furoxan De-rivatives as Potential NO-Donors

L. Mu, S. Feng, and M. L. Go. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808Bioavailable Acyl-CoA : Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitor withAnti-peroxidative Activity: Synthesis and Biological Activity of NovelIndolinyl Amide and Urea Derivatives

S. Kamiya, H. Shirahase, A. Yoshimi, S. Nakamura, M. Kanda, H. Matsui, M. Kasai, K. Takahashi, and K. Kurahashi. . . . . . . . . . 817

Four New Triterpene Glycosides from Thalictrum squarrosumH. Yoshimitsu, M. Nishida, Z.-Z. Qian, Z.-H. Lei, and T. Nohara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828

Bicyclo[3.2.1]octane and 6-Oxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane Type Neolig-nans from Magnolia denudata

M. Kuroyanagi, K. Yoshida, A. Yamamoto, and M. Miwa . . . . . . . 832Four New Saponins from the Root Bark of Aralia elata

S. Song, N. Nakamura, C. Ma, M. Hattori, and S. Xu . . . . . . . . . . 838Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Study of N-(3-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]thiazine-6-carbonyl)guanidines as Potent Na/HExchange Inhibitors

T. Yamamoto, M. Hori, I. Watanabe, K. Harada, S. Ikeda, and H. Ohtaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843

Preparation and Characterization of Hyaluronate–Hydroxyethyl Acry-late Blend Hydrogel for Controlled Release Device

M. Inukai, Y. Jin, C. Yomota, and M. Yonese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850Synthetic Studies of an 18-Membered Antitumor Macrolide, Tedano-lide. 6. Synthesis of a Key Intermediate via a Highly EfficientMacrolactonization of Computer-Aid Designed seco-Acid

T. Matsushima, N. Nakajima, B.-Z. Zheng, and O. Yonemitsu. . . . 855Synthesis of Arnottin I through a Palladium-Mediated Aryl–ArylCoupling Reaction

T. Harayama, H. Yasuda, T. Akiyama, Y. Takeuchi, and H. Abe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861

Preparation of New Nitrogen-Bridged Heterocycles. 49. A New Ac-cess to Thieno[3,4-b]indolizine Derivatives

A. Kakehi, S. Ito, K. Hirata, and P. Zuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865

NotesSalicylic Acid Derivatives Form Stable Complexes with Scandium(III)Ion in Aqueous Solution

N. Türkel and U. Özer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC) Separation of Fura-nonaphthoquinones from Tabebuia impetiginosa

J. Koyama, I. Morita, A. Kino, and K. Tagahara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873Conversion of Quassinoids for Enhancement of Inhibitory Effectagainst Epstein–Barr Virus Early Antigen Activation. Introductionof Lipophilic Side Chain and Esterification of Diosphenol

S. Tamura, N. Fukamiya, X.-Y. Mou, T. Mukainaka, H. Tokuda, H. Nishino, K. Tagahara, K. Koike, K.-H. Lee, and M. Okano . . . 876

Two 3,4-seco-Lupane Triterpenes from Leaves of Acanthopanax di-varicatus var. albeofructus

O.-J. Oh, S.-Y. Chang, C.-S. Yook, K.-S. Yang, S.-Y. Park, and T. Nohara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879

The ‘211’ Construction of Homooxacalix[3]arenes Possessing Differ-ent Substituents on Their Upper Rims

K. Tsubaki, K. Mukoyoshi, T. Otsubo, and K. Fuji . . . . . . . . . . . . 882a-Bromo-a ,a-difluoroallyl Derivatives as Synthetic Intermediate:Nucleophilic Substitution of a-Bromo-a ,a-difluoroallyl Derivativesin the Presence of Palladium Catalysts

M. Kirihara, T. Takuwa, M. Okumura, T. Wakikawa, H. Takahata, T. Momose, Y. Takeuchi, and H. Nemoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885

Saponins of Plants of Panax Species Collected in Central Nepal, andTheir Chemotaxonomical Significance. III.

O. Tanaka, E.-C. Han, H. Yamaguchi, H. Matsuura, T. Murakami, T. Taniyama, and M. Yoshikawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889

Communications to the EditorReactivity of an o-Indoloquinone to 1- and 2-Azadienes

V. Bernardes Génisson, P. Nebois, M. Domard, and H. Fillion. . . . 893

Errata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895

No. 12 I-5

Number 7

Regular ArticlesResorufin as an Electron Acceptor in Glucose Oxidase-Catalyzed Oxi-dation of Glucose

H. Maeda, S. Matsu-ura, T. Senba, S. Yamasaki, H. Takai, Y. Yamauchi, and H. Ohmori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897

Synthesis and Biological Activities of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, an En-dogenous Cannabinoid Receptor Ligand, and Its Metabolically StableEther-linked Analogues

Y. Suhara, H. Takayama, S. Nakane, T. Miyashita, K. Waku, and T. Sugiura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903

Autoxidation of Ascorbic Acid Catalyzed by the Copper(II) Bound toL-Histidine Oligopeptides, (His)iGly and Acetyl-(His)i Gly (i59, 19,29). Relationship between Catalytic Activity and Coordination Mode

J. Ueda, A. Hanaki, K. Hatano, and T. Nakajima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908Mononuclear and Polynuclear Chelates of Picolinoyldithiocarbazate

T. H. Rakha and M. M. Bekheit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914Synthesis, Conformation, and Chemical Properties of New Mini Par-allel Double-Stranded Peptides Conjugated with –Phe–Phe– and–Phe–Phe–X– Sequences

S. Kobayashi, H. Kobayashi, T. Yamaguchi, M. Nishida, K. Yamaguchi, M. Kurihara, N. Miyata, and A. Tanaka. . . . . . . . . 920

Synthesis of Diaryl-Substituted Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines Designed asPotential Aromatase Inhibitors

C. Enguehard, J.-L. Renou, H. Allouchi, J.-M. Leger, and A. Gueiffier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935

PEC Films Prepared from Chitosan–Alginate CoacervatesX. Yan, E. Khor, and L.-Y. Lim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941

Formation of Spherical Micelles by the Novel Platelet Activating Fac-tor Receptor Antagonist, E5880

T. Nomura, Y. Asai, N. Murahashi, and K. Iwamoto . . . . . . . . . . . 947The Shell Dissolution of Various Empty Hard Capsules

I. Chiwele, B. E. Jones, and F. Podczeck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951Difference Spatial Distribution Function Analysis of Aqueous Solu-tions. III. Hydration Structures of Alcohol and Ether Solutions Hav-ing Straight Chain and Branched Alkyl Groups

T. Hata and Y. Ono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957Synthesis and Anti-platelet, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic Ac-tivities of Methoxyisoflavanquinone and Related Compounds

C.-Y. Chang, L.-J. Huang, J.-P. Wang, C.-M. Teng, S.-C. Chen, and S.-C. Kuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964

Pyrinodemins B—D, Potent Cytotoxic bis-Pyridine Alkaloids fromMarine Sponge Amphimedon sp.

K. Hirano, T. Kubota, M. Tsuda, Y. Mikami, and J. Kobayashi . . . 974Studies on Adsorption Characteristics of Bile Acids and Methotrexateto a New Type of Anion-Exchange Resin, Colestimide

Y. Honda and M. Nakano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978New Antifungal 1,2,4-Triazoles with Difluoro(heteroaryl)methyl Moi-ety

H. Eto, Y. Kaneko, and T. Sakamoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982An Androstane Bioside and 39-Thiazolidinone Derivatives of Doubly-linked Cardenolide Glycosides from the Roots of Asclepias tuberosa

F. Abe and T. Yamauchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991Medicinal Foodstuffs. XVII. Fenugreek Seed. (3): Structures of NewFurostanol-Type Steroid Saponins, Trigoneosides Xa, Xb, XIb, XIIa,XIIb, and XIIIa, from the Seeds of Egyptian Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

T. Murakami, A. Kishi, H. Matsuda, and M. Yoshikawa . . . . . . . . 994Stilbenoids Isolated from Stem Bark of Shorea hemsleyana

T. Ito, T. Tanaka, Y. Ido, K. Nakaya, M. Iinuma, and S. Riswan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1001

The Constituents of the Root and Stem of Aristolochia cucurbitifoliaHayata and Their Biological Activity

T.-S. Wu, Y.-Y. Chan, and Y.-L. Leu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1006Polymer-Supported Dicyanoketene Acetal as a p-Acid Catalyst:Monothioacetalization and Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation of Ac-etals

N. Tanaka, T. Miura, and Y. Masaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010Pregnane Glycosides from the Roots of Asclepias tuberosa

F. Abe and T. Yamauchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017

Michael-type Reaction of Ethyl Bromodifluoroacetate with a ,b-Un-saturated Carbonyl Compounds in the Presence of Copper Powder

K. Sato, M. Tamura, K. Tamoto, M. Omote, A. Ando, and I. Kumadaki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023

Triterpenes from the Spores of Ganoderma lucidum and Their Cyto-toxicity against Meth-A and LLC Tumor Cells

B.-S. Min, J.-J. Gao, N. Nakamura, and M. Hattori . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026In Vivo Evaluation of Carborane Gadolinium–DTPA Complex as anMR Imaging Boron Carrier

H. Nakamura, H. Fukuda, F. Girald, T. Kobayashi, J. Hiratsuka, T. Akaizawa, H. Nemoto, J. Cai, K. Yoshida, and Y. Yamamoto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034

Medicinal Foodstuffs. XVIII. Phytoestrogens from the Aerial Part ofPetroselinum crispum MILL. (PARSLEY) and Structures of 60-Acetyl-apiin and a New Monoterpene Glycoside, Petroside

M. Yoshikawa, T. Uemura, H. Shimoda, A. Kishi, Y. Kawahara, and H. Matsuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039

Bioactive Saponins and Glycosides. XVI. Nortriterpene Oligoglyco-sides with Gastroprotective Activity from the Fresh Leaves of Eupte-lea polyandra SIEB. et ZUCC. (1): Structures of Eupteleasaponins I, II,III, IV, V, and V Acetate

M. Yoshikawa, T. Murakami, H. Oominami, and H. Matsuda . . . . 1045Chalcone and Stilbene Synthases Expressed in Eucaryotes Exhibit Re-duced Cross-Reactivity in Vitro

D.-Y. Suh, J. Kagami, K. Fukuma, N. Iwanami, Y. Yamazaki, H. Yurimoto, Y. Sakai, N. Kato, M. Shibuya, Y. Ebizuka, and U. Sankawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051

Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitory Activity of Fourteen Kampo Formu-las and Inhibitory Constituents of Tokaku-joki-to (桃核承気湯)

W. Fan, Y. Tezuka, and S. Kadota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055Steroidal Oligoglycosides from Solanum nigrum

T. Ikeda, H. Tsumagari, and T. Nohara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1062Application of Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemi-cal Ionization Mass Spectrometry to the Differentiation of Stereoiso-meric Diterpenoid Alkaloids

K. Wada, T. Mori, and N. Kawahara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1065

NotesThree New Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Caryopteris incana andTheir Antioxidative Activity

J. Gao, K. Igarashi, and M. Nukina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075A Novel Agarofuran Sesquiterpene, Celahin D from Celastrus hindsiiBENTH.

H.-C. Huang, C.-C. Shen, C.-F. Chen, Y.-C. Wu, and Y.-H. Kuo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1079

Macrophyllosaponin E: A Novel Compound from the Roots of Astra-galus oleifolius

E. Bedir, I. Calis, and I. A. Khan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081Isolation of Lignan Glucosides and Neolignan Sulfate from theLeaves of Glochidion zeylanicum (Gaertn) A. JUSS

H. Otsuka, E. Hirata, T. Shinzato, and Y. Takeda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084A New Cytotoxic Polyhydroxysterol from Soft Coral Sarcophytontrocheliophorum

H. Dong, Y.-L. Gou, R. M. Kini, H.-X. Xu, S.-X. Chen, S. L. M. Teo, and P. P.-H. But . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087

Conduritol F Glucosides and Terpenoid Glucosides from Cynanchumliukiuense and Distribution of Conduritol F Glucosides in Several As-clepiadaceous Plants

F. Abe, T. Yamauchi, K. Honda, and N. Hayashi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1090Antisweet Natural Products. XV. Structures of Jegosaponins A—Dfrom Styrax japonica SIEB. et ZUCC.

K. Yoshikawa, H. Hirai, M. Tanaka, and S. Arihara . . . . . . . . . . . . 1093a ,a-gem-Difluorination of a-(Alkylthio)acetophenone Derivativeswith N-Fluoropyridinium Salts

S. Takeda, Y. Kaneko, H. Eto, M. Tokizawa, S. Sato, K. Yoshida, S. Namiki, and M. Ogawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1097

Communications to the EditorGeranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthases from Scoparia dulcis and Cro-ton sublyratus. cDNA Cloning, Functional Expression, and Conver-sion to a Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase

I-6 No. 12

N. Kojima, W. Sitthithaworn, E. Viroonchatapan, D.-Y. Suh, N. Iwanami, T. Hayashi, and U. Sankawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101

Number 8

Regular ArticlesMolecular Mobility of the Paracetamol Amorphous Form

P. D. Martino, G. F. Palmieri, and S. Martelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105Four Mono-tetrahydrofuran Ring Acetogenins, Montanacins B—E,from Annona montana

L.-Q. Wang, N. Nakamura, M. R. Meselhy, M. Hattori, W.-M. Zhao, K.-F. Cheng, R.-Z. Yang, and G.-W. Qin . . . . . . . . . . 1109

Quadranosides VI—XI, Six New Triterpene Glucosides from theSeeds of Combretum quadrangulare

I. K. Adnyana, Y. Tezuka, S. Awale, A. H. Banskota, K. Q. Tran, and S. Kadota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114

Synthesis of 1-Azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane Derivatives and Their Effectsas Piracetam-like Nootropics

M. Oka, Y. Matsumoto, K. Hirooka, and T. Suzuki . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121Hydrolysis Behavior of Prednisolone 21-Hemisuccinate/b-Cyclodex-trin Amide Conjugate: Involvement of Intramolecular Catalysis ofAmide Group in Drug Release

H. Yano, F. Hirayama, H. Arima, and K. Uekama . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125Studies on Antihypertensive Agents with Antithrombotic Activity. 2.Syntheses and Pharmacological Evaluation of Pyrrolo[2,3-c]azepineDerivatives

A. Mizuno, M. Miya, T. Kamei, M. Shibata, T. Tatsuoka, K. Nakanishi, C. Takiguchi, T. Hidaka, A. Yamaki, and N. Inomata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129

The Effect of Phenyl Substituents on the Release Rates of Esterase-Sensitive Coumarin-Based Prodrugs

Y. Liao, S. Hendrata, S. Y. Bae, and B. Wang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138Synthesis and Systemic Fungicidal Activity of Silicon-ContainingAzole Derivatives

H. Itoh, R. Yoneda, J. Tobitsuka, T. Matsuhisa, H. Kajino, H. Ohta, N. Hayashi, Y. Takahi, M. Tsuda, and H. Takeshiba . . . . 1148

On-line Monitoring of Granule Growth in High Shear Granulation byan Image Processing System

S. Watano, T. Numa, K. Miyanami, and Y. Osako . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1154Synthetic Studies on Glycosphingolipids from Protostomia Phyla:Synthesis of a Glycosphingolipid Analogue from the ParasiteSpirometra erinacei

N. Hada, M. Kuroda, and T. Takeda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1160Structure–Activity Relationships of Neuromedin U. IV. AbsoluteRequirement of the Arginine Residue at Position 7 of Dog Neu-romedin U-8 for Contractile Activity

N. Sakura, K. Kurosawa, and T. Hashimoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1166Aldol Condensation versus Conjugate Addition: Intramolecular Cy-clization Using a Combination of Lewis Acid and 1,2-Diol

S. Yamada and H. Suemune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171Synthesis of Decalin Type Chiral Synthons Based on Enzymatic Func-tion

M. Nozawa, Y. Murakami, K. Noda, R. Tamatsukuri, K. Kato, and H. Akita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176

6S,8R-Stereochemistry of the C27- and C29-Alkane-6,8-diols Isolatedfrom Three Compositae Flowers

M. Ukiya, T. Akihisa, S. Motohashi, K. Yasukawa, Y. Kimura, Y. Kasahara, M. Takido, and N. Tokutake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1187

Ichthyotoxic Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Dryopteris fragrans andTheir Anti-tumor Promoting Activity

H. Ito, T. Muranaka, K. Mori, Z.-X. Jin, H. Tokuda, H. Nishino, and T. Yoshida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1190

Reactions of Grignard Reagents with Bis- or Mono-PhosphoniumIons in Situ Generated from Bu3P and Dicarboxylic Acid Dichloridesor w-Ethoxycarbonyl Alkanoyl Chlorides as a Novel Method to Ob-tain Diketones and Ketoesters

H. Maeda, N. Hino, Y. Yamauchi, and H. Ohmori . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1196Five Secoiridoid Glucosides Esterified with a CyclopentanoidMonoterpene Unit from Jasminum nudiflorum

T. Tanahashi, Y. Takenaka, N. Nagakura, and T. Nishi . . . . . . . . . . 1200

NotesEvidence for the Degradation of Maleate Moiety in ChlorpheniramineMaleate Solution Using a Stability-Indicating HPLC Method

S. Yamato, M. Nakajima, N. Kawakami, K. Shimada, E. Tachikawa, S. Ohta, and H. Zenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205

Influence of the Conformation of Methoxy-(2-naphthyl)acetates(2NMA Esters) on Their Chemical Reactions

S. Fukuyoshi, T. Ooi, and T. Kusumi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1208Six New Compounds from the Heartwood of Diospyros maritima

Y.-H. Kuo and C.-I. Chang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1211Formation of 17b-Alkoxy-16-keto Steroids by Reaction of 16a-Hy-droxy-17-keto and 17b-Hydroxy-16-keto Steroids with TrimethylsilylIodide in the Presence of Alkyl Alcohols

M. Nagaoka, M. Endo, and M. Numazawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1215Studies on the Constituents of Anaxagorea luzonensis A. GRAY

R. Gonda, T. Takeda, and T. Akiyama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219Three Oligosaccharide Esters, Telephioses A—C, from Polygala tele-phioides

J.-C. Li, M. Ono, and T. Nohara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1223Major Metabolites of Ginseng Sapogenins formed by Rat Liver Microsomes

R. Kasai, K. Hara, R. Dokan, N. Suzuki, T. Mizutare, S. Yoshihara, and K. Yamasaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1226

Novel Biphenyl Ether Lignans from the Rhizomes of Curcumachuanyujin

J. Huang, Y. Ogihara, R. Gonda, and T. Takeda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1228A New Practical Strategy for the Synthesis of Long-Chain Phospho-peptide

K. Miyoshi, A. Otaka, M. Kaneko, H. Tamamura, and N. Fujii . . . 1230Labdane Diterpenoids from Marrubium globosum ssp. globosum

Y. Takeda, K. Yanagihara, T. Masuda, H. Otsuka, G. Honda, Y. Takaishi, E. Sezik, and E. Yesilada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1234

Chemiluminescence Derivatization of Methylglyoxal Using 2-Aminonicotinic Acid

Y. Ohba, M. Sakata, and K. Zaitsu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1236Biotransformation of a C-Glycosylflavone, Abrusin 20-O-b-D-Apio-side, by Human Intestinal Bacteria

Y. Li, M. R. Meselhy, L.-Q. Wang, C.-M. Ma, N. Nakamura, and M. Hattori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1239

Two New Acylated Flavonol Glycosides from Vicia amurensisS. S. Kang, Y. S. Chang, and J. S. Kim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1242

Communications to the EditorThree Novel Cyclospirobifuranocoumarins, Cyclorivulobirins A—C,from Pleurospermum rivulorum

M. Taniguchi, Y.-Q. Xiao, and K. Baba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1246

Number 9

Regular ArticlesAntiandrogenic Effect of 16-Substituted, Non-substituted and D-Homopregnane Derivatives

E. A. Bratoeff, H. Herrera, E. Ramírez, K. Solorzano, E. Murillo, A. Quiróz, and M. Cabeza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1249

Synthesis of Sialyl Lewis X-Polysaccharide ConjugatesM. Sakagami, K. Horie, K. Nakamoto, T. Kawaguchi, and H. Hamana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1256

Inclusion Complex of 3,9-Bis(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyloxy)-5H-benzo-furo[3,2-c]quinoline-6-one (KCA-098) with Heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-b-cyclodextrin: Interaction and Dissolution Properties

T. Yamada, T. Imai, K. Ouchi, M. Otagiri, F. Hirayama, and K. Uekama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1264

Non-glutamate Type Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine Antifolates. III. Syn-thesis and Biological Properties of Nw-Masked Ornithine Analogs

F. Itoh, Y. Yoshioka, K. Yukishige, S. Yoshida, K. Ootsu, and H. Akimoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1270

Studies on the Constituents of Broussonetia Species. VII. Four NewPyrrolidine Alkaloids, Broussonetines M, O, P, and Q, as Inhibitors ofGlycosidase, from Broussonetia kazinoki SIEB.

M. Shibano, D. Tsukamoto, R. Fujimoto, Y. Masui, H. Sugimoto, and G. Kusano. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1281

Phenolic Constituents of Licorice. VIII. Structures of Glicophenone

No. 12 I-7

and Glicoisoflavanone, and Effects of Licorice Phenolics on Methi-cillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

T. Hatano, Y. Shintani, Y. Aga, S. Shiota, T. Tsuchiya, and T. Yoshida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1286

Interactions between Local Anesthetics and Na1 Channel InactivationGate Peptides in Phosphatidylserine Suspensions as Studied by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy

Y. Kuroda, K. Miyamoto, K. Tanaka, Y. Maeda, J. Ishikawa, R. Hinata, A. Otaka, N. Fujii, and T. Nakagawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1293

Degradation Products Generated by Sonication of Benzyl Alcohol, aSample Preparation Solvent for the Determination of Residual Sol-vents in Pharmaceutical Bulks, on Capillary Gas Chromatography

K. Urakami, C. Kobayashi, Y. Miyazaki, K. Nishijima, Y. Yoshimura, and K. Hashimoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1299

Direct Identification of a Novel Disulfide Bond Linkage System ofNew Isolated Isomer (Isomer V) in Recombinantly Produced h-IGF-I

M. Iwai, H. Yokoyama, H. Yamada, M. Niwa, and M. Kobayashi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1304

Structure–Activity Relationship of Orally Potent Tripeptide-BasedHIV Protease Inhibitors Containing Hydroxymethylcarbonyl Isostere

T. Mimoto, N. Hattori, H. Takaku, S. Kisanuki, T. Fukazawa, K.Terashima, R. Kato, S. Nojima, S. Misawa, T. Ueno, J. Imai, H.Enomoto, S. Tanaka, H. Sakikawa, M. Shintani, H. Hayashi, and Y. Kiso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1310

Bioactive Constituents of Chinese Natural Medicines. V. RadicalScavenging Effect of Moutan Cortex. (1): Absolute Stereostructuresof Two Monoterpenes, Paeonisuffrone and Paeonisuffral

M. Yoshikawa, T. Ohta, A. Kawaguchi, and H. Matsuda . . . . . . . . 1327The Synthesis and Human FP Receptor Binding Affinity of 13,14-Di-hydro Prostaglandin F1a Sulfonamides: Potential Treatments for Os-teoporosis

Y. Wang, D. L. Soper, M. J. Dirr, M. A. deLong, B. De, and J. A. Wos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1332

Convenient Synthesis of a-Trifluoromethylated Acyloins from a-Hy-droxy or a-Amino Acids

M. Kawase, S. Saito, and T. Kurihara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1338

NotesTaxane Diterpenoids from Seeds of Taxus mairei

Y.-C. Shen, C.-Y. Chen, and M.-C. Hung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1344A New 3,4-seco-Ursane Triterpenoid from Glyptopetalum sclero-carpum

U. Sotanaphun, R. Suttisri, V. Lipipun, and R. Bavovada . . . . . . . . 1347Spirostanol Sapogenins from the Underground Parts of Tupistra chi-nensis

W.-B. Pan, F.-R. Chang, and Y.-C. Wu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1350Benzophenone C-Glucosides from Polygala telephioides

J.-C. Li and T. Nohara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1354Structures of New Ceramides from the Fruit Bodies of Grifola fron-dosa

Y. Yaoita, T. Ishizuka, R. Kakuda, K. Machida, and M. Kikuchi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1356

Synthesis of 19-Oxygenated 4b ,5b-Epoxy Derivatives of 16a-Hy-droxyandrostenedione as Mechanistic and Catalytic Probes for Aro-matase Reaction

M. Numazawa and A. Yoshimura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1359Preparation of N9-[2-(5,6-Dimethylbenzothiazolyl)]-N-furfuryloxam-ide with Plant Growth Regulatory Activity

T. Kitagawa and C. Tsutsui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1363A New Anti-HIV Triterpene from Geum japonicum

H.-X. Xu, D.-S. Ming, H. Dong, and P. P.-H. But . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1367Synthetic Studies of Zoanthamine/Norzoanthamine: Biogenetic-likeOne-Step Construction of the Heterocyclic Aminal Core (CDEFGRing) from a Monocyclic Precursor

N. Hikage, H. Furukawa, K. Takao, and S. Kobayashi . . . . . . . . . . 1370A New Acylated Isoflavone Glucoside from Pterocarpus santalinus

K. S. Krishnaveni and J. V. Srinivasa Rao. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1373Chemical Studies on the Philippine Crude Drug Calumbibit (Seeds ofCaesalpinia bonduc): The Isolation of New Cassane Diterpenes Fusedwith a ,b-Butenolide

T. Kinoshita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1375

Re-examination of the Anodic Oxidation of N,N-Dimethylaniline,Using Parametric Method 3

T. Michida, E. Osawa, and Y. Yamaoka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1378Synthesis of [1]Benzopyrano[2,3,4-kl]acridin-3-ol and Its Analoguesas Pentacyclic Compounds

H. Fujiwara and K. Kitagawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1380A Novel Method of Preparing Amine-Modifying C-49 Oxidized Nu-cleotide

M. Aso, K. Ryuo, M. Kondo, and H. Suemune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1384Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of 3-Alkylamido-3-deoxy-betulinicAcid Derivatives

Y. Kashiwada, J. Chiyo, Y. Ikeshiro, T. Nagao, H. Okabe, L. M. Cosentino, K. Fowke, S. L. Morris-Natschke, and K.-H. Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1387

Synthesis of 9Z-9-Substituted Retinoic Acids by Palladium CatalyzedCoupling Reaction of a Vinyl Triflate with Alkenyl Stannanes

A. Wada, Y. Nomoto, K. Tano, E. Yamashita, and M. Ito. . . . . . . . 1391First Synthesis of a a-Trifluoromethyl Allenol Ether via the Julia-Lythgoe Process

M. Yoshimatsu and M. Hibino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1395

Number 10

Memorial to Dr. Kyosuke TsudaScientific Contribution by Prof. Tsuda

N. Ikekawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

ReviewRecent Bioorganic Studies on Rhodopsin and Visual Transduction

K. Nakanishi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1399

Regular ArticlesA New Gluco Indole Alkaloid, 3, 4-Dehydro-5-carboxystrictosidine,from Peruvian Uña de Gato (Uncaria tomentosa)

M. Kitajima, K. Hashimoto, M. Yokoya, H. Takayama, N. Aimi, and S. Sakai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1410

Ardisimamillosides C—F, Four New Triterpenoid Saponins from Ardisia mamillata

J. Huang, Y. Ogihara, H. Zhang, N. Shimizu, and T. Takeda . . . . . 1413Five Lanostane Triterpenoids and Three Saponins from the Fruit Bodyof Laetiporus versisporus

K. Yoshikawa, K. Matsumoto, C. Mine, S. Bando, and S. Arihara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1418

A New Pentanorlanostane Derivative, Cladosporide A, as a Character-istic Antifungal Agent against Aspergillus fumigatus, Isolated fromCladosporium sp.

T. Hosoe, H. Okada, T. Itabashi, K. Nozawa, K. Okada, G. M. de C. Takaki, K. Fukushima, M. Miyaji, and K. Kawai . . . . 1422

Oleanane Acid from Myrica ceriferaM. Nagai, N. Sakurai, N. Yumoto, S. Nagumo, and S. Seo . . . . . . 1427

Medicinal Foodstuffs. XX. Vasorelaxant Active Constituents fromthe Roots of Angelica furcijuga KITAGAWA: Structures of Hyuganins A,B, C, and D

H. Matsuda, T. Murakami, N. Nishida, T. Kageura, and M. Yoshikawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1429

Immunomodulatory Constituents from an Ascomycete, Emericellaaurantio-brunnea

H. Fujimoto, E. Nakamura, E. Okuyama, and M. Ishibashi . . . . . . 1436Argadin, a New Chitinase Inhibitor, Produced by Clonostachys sp.FO-7314

N. Arai, K. Shiomi, Y. Yamaguchi, R. Masuma, Y. Iwai, A. Turberg, H. Kölbl, and S. Omura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1442

Colopsinols D and E, New Polyhydroxyl Linear Carbon Chain Com-pounds from Marine Dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp.

T. Kubota, M. Tsuda, M. Takahashi, M. Ishibashi, S. Oka, and J. Kobayashi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1447

Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Metabolites from Marine-Derived Filamentous Fungi Collected from Tropical and Sub-TropicalCoral Reefs

M. Namikoshi, H. Kobayashi, T. Yoshimoto, S. Meguro, and K. Akano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1452

Biochemical and Partial Molecular Characterization of Bitter and

I-8 No. 12

Sweet Forms of Lupinus angustifolius, an Experimental Model forStudy of Molecular Regulation of Quinolizidine Alkaloid Biosynthe-sis

M. Y. Hirai, H. Suzuki, M. Yamazaki, and K. Saito . . . . . . . . . . . . 1458Determination of a-Tocopherol and a-Tocopherylquinone in Rat Tis-sues and Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography withElectrochemical Detection

H. Kanazawa, C. Miyata, Y. Nagata, S. Urano, and Y. Matsushima. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1462

Antioxidant Activity of Eugenol and Related Monomeric and DimericCompounds

M. Ogata, M. Hoshi, S. Urano, and T. Endo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1467Synthesis of NG-061 and Its Analogs, and Their Biological Evalua-tion as an Enhancer of Nerve Growth Factor

T. Eguchi, S. Kanai, K. Kakinuma, T. Okazaki, and K. Mizoue. . . 1470Synthesis of 15a-Fluoro-24,25-dihydrolanosterol as a Potential In-hibitor and/or Mechanistic Probe for Lanosterol 14a-Demethylase

M. Morisaki, T. Igata, and S. Yamamoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1474Synthesis of 3-epi-6,7-Dideoxyxestobergsterol A

Y. Kaji, T. Koami, A. Nakamura, and Y. Fujimoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1480Synthesis of (10Z)- and (10E)-19-Fluoro-1a ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3:Compounds to Probe Vitamin D Conformation in Receptor Complexby 19F-NMR

M. Shimizu, Y. Iwasaki, A. Ohno, and S. Yamada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1484a-Glucosidase Inhibitors with a Phthalimide Skeleton: Structure–Ac-tivity Relationship Study

H. Takahashi, S. Sou, R. Yamasaki, M. Sodeoka, and Y. Hashimoto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1493

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Bifunctional Nitrosamines with w-Chloroalkyl Groups

S. Ishikawa, N. Saitoh, and M. Mochizuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1500Retinoidal Pyrimidinecarboxylic Acids. Unexpected Diaza-Sub-stituent Effects in Retinobenzoic Acids

K. Ohta, E. Kawachi, N. Inoue, H. Fukasawa, Y. Hashimoto, A. Itai, and H. Kagechika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504

Superoxide Dismutase Activity of Iron(II)TPEN Complex and Its De-rivatives

M. Tamura, Y. Urano, K. Kikuchi, T. Higuchi, M. Hirobe, and T. Nagano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1514

Lipase-Catalyzed Asymmetric Desymmetrization of Prochiral 2,2-Disubstituted 1,3-Propanediols Using 1-Ethoxyvinyl Benzoate

S. Akai, T. Naka, Y. Takebe, and Y. Kita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1519Cleavage of S–S Bond by Nitric Oxide (NO) in the Presence of Oxy-gen: A Disproportionation Reaction of Two Disulfides

N. Tsutsumi, T. Itoh, and A. Ohsawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1524Rate Enhancement with High Ratio of the Monoalkylated Product tothe Dialkylated Product in the Alkylation of the Lithium Enolate of 1-Tetralone with Reactive Alkyl Halides

M. Goto, K. Akimoto, K. Aoki, M. Shindo, and K. Koga . . . . . . . 1529Hydroxylation of Nitrated Naphthalenes with KO2/Crown Ether

K. Fukuhara, Y. Hara, I. Nakanishi, and N. Miyata . . . . . . . . . . . . 1532Insight into Acid-Mediated Asymmetric Spirocyclization in the Pres-ence of a Chiral Diol

T. Kiguchi, Y. Tsurusaki, S. Yamada, M. Aso, M. Tanaka, K. Sakai, and H. Suemune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1536

Sterically Constrained ‘Roofed’ 2-Thiazolidinones as Excellent ChiralAuxiliaries

S. Hoshimoto, H. Matsunaga, and T. Kunieda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1541Construction of an Enantiomerically Pure 6-Substituted 3,5-syn-Dihy-droxyhexanoic Acid System by an Enantioselective DeprotonationStrategy: Formal Synthesis of an Antiobesity Agent, (2)-Tetrahy-drolipstatin

T. Honda, K. Endo, and S. Ono. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1545A Practical Synthesis of the ABC Ring Model of Ecteinascidins

N. Saito, M. Tachi, R. Seki, H. Kamayachi, and A. Kubo . . . . . . . 1549Preparation of Benzene, Furan, and Thiophene Analogs of Duo-carmycin SA Employing a Newly-Devised Phenol-Forming Reaction

H. Muratake, A. Hayakawa, and M. Natsume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1558Enantioselective Synthesis of the Key Intermediate of the Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT) Inhibitor (R-106578) Using 2,29-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,19-binaphthyl (BINAP)–Ru(OAc)2 as a Cat-

alystM. Murakami, K. Kobayashi, and K. Hirai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1567

Total Synthesis of Polyamine Toxin HO-416b and Agel-489 Using a2-Nitrobenzenesulfonamide Strategy

Y. Hidai, T. Kan, and T. Fukuyama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1570Controlling Factors in Chiral Bisoxazoline-Catalyzed AsymmetricLithium Ester Enolate–Imine Condensation Producing a b-Lactam

T. Kambara and K. Tomioka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1577Preparation of Novel Synthons, Uniquely Functionalized Tetrahydro-furan and Tetrahydropyran Derivatives

M. Nakada, M. Takano, and Y. Iwata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1581A Catalytic Asymmetric Strecker-Type Reaction Promoted by LewisAcid–Lewis Base Bifunctional Catalyst

M. Takamura, Y. Hamashima, H. Usuda, M. Kanai, and M. Shibasaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1586

Construction of Chiral 1,2-Cycloalkanopyrrolidines from L-ProlineUsing Ring Closing Metathesis (RCM)

M. Arisawa, M. Takahashi, E. Takezawa, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Torisawa, A. Nishida, and M. Nakagawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1593

Number 11

Regular ArticlesNovel Cycloartane Saponins from Corchorus depressus L.

V. U. Ahmad, A. Ali, Z. Ali, F. N. Zafar, and M. Zahid . . . . . . . . . 1597Chemical States and Lattice Dynamics of a-Diimine Fe21 ComplexesIntercalated into g-Zirconium Phosphate

K. Endo, I. Saito, C. Honda, K. Matsumoto, Y. Kanzaki, and M. Katada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1602

Human Intestinal Bacteria Capable of Transforming Secoisolari-ciresinol Diglucoside to Mammalian Lignans, Enterodiol and Entero-lactone

L.-Q. Wang, M. R. Meselhy, Y. Li, G.-W. Qin, and M. Hattori . . . 1606Synthesis of New Cardioselective M2 Muscarinic Receptor Antago-nists

G. R. Mandelli, S. Maiorana, P. Terni, G. Lamperti, M. L. Colibretti, and B. P. Imbimbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1611

Release of Nortriptyline Hydrochloride from Oil–Water Microemul-sions

M. A. Moreno, P. Frutos, M. P. Ballesteros, J. L. Lastres, and D. Castro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1623

Anti-cancer Activities of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]indole DerivativesH. Katayama, Y. Kiryu, K. Kaneko, and R. Ohshima. . . . . . . . . . . 1628

NO-Mediated Aromatic Nitration during Decomposition of PhenolicS-Nitrosothiols in Non-Aqueous Aerobic Medium

C. Petit, V. Bernardes-Génisson, P. Hoffmann, J.-P. Souchard, and S. Labidalle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1634

Study of the Melt Pelletization Process Focusing on the MicromeriticProperty of Pellets

T. W. Wong, L. W. Chan, and P. W. S. Heng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1639Highly Potent and Orally Active Non-Peptide Arginine VasopressinAntagonists for Both V1A and V2 Receptors: Synthesis and Pharmaco-logical Properties of 49-[(4,4-Difluoro-5-methylidene-2,3,4,5-tetrahy-dro-1H-1-benzoazepin-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-phenylbenzanilide Deriva-tives

Y. Shimada, N. Taniguchi, A. Matsuhisa, K. Sakamoto, T. Yatsu, and A. Tanaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1644

Molecular Orbital Studies on Pericyclic Reactions of Cinnamyl Xan-thates in b-Cyclodextrin Cavities

M. Eto, S. Kubota, H. Nakagawa, Y. Yoshitake, and K. Harano. . . 1652Difference Spatial Distribution Function Analysis of Aqueous Solu-tions. IV. Hydration Structure Changes of Ethylene Glycol Solutionsthroughout Conformational Change Process from gGg9 to tGg9 Con-formers

T. Hata and Y. Ono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1660Studies on 8-Methoxyquinolones: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activ-ity of 7-(3-Amino-4-substituted)pyrrolidinyl Derivatives

K. Kawakami, H. Takahashi, H. Ohki, K. Kimura, S. Miyauchi, R. Miyauchi, and M. Takemura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1667

Medicinal Foodstuffs. XIX. Absolute Stereostructures of Canavalio-side, a New Ent-Kaurane-Type Diterpene Glycoside, and Gladiato-sides A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, and C2, New Acylated Flavonol Gly-

No. 12 I-9

cosides, from Sword Bean, the Seeds of Canavalia gladiataT. Murakami, K. Kohno, A. Kishi, H. Matsuda, and M. Yoshikawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1673

Chemical Modification of Oleanene Type Triterpenes and Their In-hibitory Activity against HIV-1 Protease Dimerization

C. Ma, N. Nakamura, and M. Hattori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1681A Novel Class of Inhibitors for Human and Rat Steroid 5a-Reduc-tases: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Indoline and AnilineDerivatives. III

S. Igarashi, H. Inami, H. Hara, H. Koutoku, H. Oritani, and T. Mase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1689

Effects of n-Alkyltrimethylammonium on Skin Permeation of BenzoicAcid through Excised Guinea Pig Dorsal Skin

S. Kitagawa, M. Kasamaki, and A. Ikarashi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1698Screening Search for Organic Fluorophores: Syntheses and Fluores-cence Properties of 3-Azolyl-7-diethylaminocoumarin Derivatives

H. Takechi, Y. Oda, N. Nishizono, K. Oda, and M. Machida . . . . . 1702Constituents of the Vietnamese Medicinal Plant Orthosiphon sta-mineus

Y. Tezuka, P. Stampoulis, A. H. Banskota, S. Awale, K. Q. Tran, I. Saiki, and S. Kadota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1711

Bioactive Saponins and Glycosides. XVII. Inhibitory Effect on Gas-tric Emptying and Accelerating Effect on Gastrointestinal Transit ofTea Saponins: Structures of Assamsaponins F, G, H, I, and J from theSeeds and Leaves of the Tea Plant

T. Murakami, J. Nakamura, T. Kageura, H. Matsuda, and M. Yoshikawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1720

A New Type of Stilbene-Related Secondary Metabolite, Idenburgene,from Cryptocarya idenburgensis

L. D. Juliawaty, M. Kitajima, H. Takayama, S. A. Achmad, and N. Aimi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1726

[2-(w-Phenylalkyl)phenoxy]alkylamines III: Synthesis and SelectiveSerotonin-2 Receptor Binding (2)

N. Tanaka, R. Goto, R. Ito, M. Hayakawa, A. Sugidachi, T. Ogawa, F. Asai, and K. Fujimoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1729

Amino Acids and Peptides. XXXV. Facile Preparation of p-Nitro-anilide Analogs by the Solid-Phase Method

K. Hojo, M. Maeda, S. Iguchi, T. Smith, H. Okamoto, and K. Kawasaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1740

An Alternative Base-Pairing of Catechol-Bearing Nucleosides by Borate Formation

H. Cao, K. Tanaka, and M. Shionoya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1745Optically Active N-Acetyldopamine Dimer of the Crude Drug “Zentai,” the Cast-off Shell of the Cicada, Cryptotympana sp.

N. Noda, S. Kubota, Y. Miyata, and K. Miyahara . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1749Total Synthesis of Prostaglandin F2a Using Nickel-Catalyzed Stereo-selective Cyclization of 1,3-Diene and Tethered Aldehyde via Trans-metalation of Nickelacycle with Diisobutylaluminum Acetylacetonate

Y. Sato, M. Takimoto, and M. Mori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1753Studies on the Synthesis of Myriaporones: Stereoselective Synthesisof the C5–C13 Fragment Starting from D-Glucose via RegioselectiveReductive Opening of Methoxybenzylidene Acetal

B.-Z. Zheng, M. Yamauchi, H. Dei, and O. Yonemitsu . . . . . . . . . 1761

NotesA New Cyanogenic Glycoside from Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila

D. K. Kim and O. P. Zee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1766Phenylpropanoids from Umbilicus pendulinus

L. Viornery, C. Saliba, J. B. Daskiewicz, C. Bayet, G. Comte, B. Fenet, G. Gutierrez, and D. Barron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1768

A Novel b-Glucuronidase Inhibiting Triterpenoid from Paeonia emodiH. R. Nawaz, A. Malik, P. M. Khan, S. Shujaat, and A. Rahman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1771

A Novel Bisnorditerpenelactone from Mikania hirsutissimaE. Ohkoshi, M. Makino, and Y. Fujimoto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1774

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of a Series of Diacetylenic Com-pounds Related to Falcarindiol

W. N. Setzer, X. Gu, E. B. Wells, M. C. Setzer, and D. M. Moriarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1776

Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Benzimidazolyl-1,3,5-triazineand Benzimidazolylpyrimidine Derivatives

T. Matsuno, M. Kato, H. Sasahara, T. Watanabe, M. Inaba, M. Takahashi, S. Yaguchi, K. Yoshioka, M. Sakato, and S. Kawashima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1778

Dissolution Profiles of Principal Ingredients in Kampo MedicinalPowders by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

N. Okamura, T. Maki, S. Ishida, C. Uraguchi, Y. Onishi, E. Sadasue, Y. Tsuruta, and A. Yagi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1782

Inhibitory Effects of 29-Hydroxychalcones on Rat Lens Aldose Re-ductase and Rat Platelet Aggregation

S. S. Lim, S. H. Jung, J. Ji, K. H. Shin, and S. R. Keum . . . . . . . . 1786Enantiomeric Separation by Cyclodextrin Modified Capillary ZoneElectrophoresis (CD-CZE) of Quaternary TetrahydroprotoberberineAlkaloids

J. Koyama, I. Morita, A. Kino, K. Iwasa, and K. Tagahara. . . . . . . 1790Structural Features of an Anti-diabetic Polysaccharide (TAP) fromTremella aurantia

T. Kiho, T. Kobayashi, H. Morimoto, S. Usui, S. Ukai, K. Hirano, K. Aizawa, and T. Inakuma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1793

A New Caffeoyl Quinic Acid from Aster scaber and Its Inhibitory Ac-tivity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Integrase

H. C. Kwon, C. M. Jung, C. G. Shin, J. K. Lee, S. U. Choi, S. Y. Kim, and K. R. Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1796

Reductive Dimerization of Alkylidenemalonates Using Samarium(II)Diiodide and 1H-NMR Behavior of the Dimers, 2,3-Diaryl-1,1,4,4-butanetetracarboxylates

M. Yamashita, K. Okuyama, I. Kawasaki, S. Nakamura, R. Nagamine, T. Tsujita, and S. Ohta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1799

Glycosidic Constituents from in Vitro Anoectochilus formosanusX.-M. Du, N.-Y. Sun, N. Irino, and Y. Shoyama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1803

Isolation of a Potent Anti-MRSA Sesquiterpenoid Quinone fromUlmus davidiana var. japonica

D.-Y. Shin, H.-S. Kim, K.-H. Min, S.-S. Hyun, S.-A. Kim, H.Huh, E.-C. Choi, Y. H. Choi, J. Kim, S.-H. Choi, W.-B. Kim, and Y.-G. Suh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1805

Effects of Application Voltage and Cathode and Anode Positions atElectroporation on the in Vitro Permeation of Benzoic Acid throughHairless Rat Skin

M. Yoshida, K. Mori, T. Watanabe, T. Hasegawa, and K. Sugibayashi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1807

Preparation of 2,29-Dihydroxytriphenylmethanes Using Metal Pheno-lates with Aromatic Aldehydes

N. Mibu and K. Sumoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1810Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives by Diels–Alder Reactions of2(1H)-Pyridones Having an Electron-withdrawing Group withMethoxy-1,3-butadienes

R. Fujita, M. Hoshino, H. Tomisawa, and H. Hongo . . . . . . . . . . . 1814Clerodane-type Diterpenoids from the Japanese Liverwort Junger-mannia infusca (MITT.) STEPH.

F. Nagashima, M. Suzuki, S. Takaoka, and Y. Asakawa. . . . . . . . . 1818Application of Rh-Catalyzed Cyclization to the Formation of a ChiralQuaternary Carbon

M. Takahashi, M. Tanaka, E. Sakamoto, M. Imai, K. Funakoshi, K. Sakai, and H. Suemune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1822

Two Novel Actinidine-Type Monoterpene Alkaloids from Incarvilleadelavayi

M. Nakamura, K. Kido, J. Kinjo, and T. Nohara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1826Preparation and Characterization of Acrylic Hydrogels Neutralized byBasic Amino Acids

T. Uchida, Y. Toida, Y. Miyanaga, K. Machida, K. Wada, T. Ohki, and K. Matsuyama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1828

Communications to the EditorCatalytic Activity of Anion-Exchange Resins Modified with Metal-Porphine in Oxidative Reactions of Phenols

A. Iwado, M. Mifune, J. Kato, J. Oda, M. Chikuma, N. Motohashi, and Y. Saito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1831

First Total Synthesis of MytiloxanthinC. Tode, Y. Yamano, and M. Ito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1833

Three-Dimensional Structure–Activity Relationship Analysis betweenMotilin and Motilide Using Conformational Analysis and a NovelMolecular Superposing Method

I-10 No. 12

H. Gouda, T. Sunazuka, S. Omura, and S. Hirono . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1835Aldol Reaction of Enol Esters Catalyzed by Cationic Species Pairedwith Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate

M. Yanagisawa, T. Shimamura, D. Iida, J. Matsuo, and T. Mukaiyama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1838

Chemiluminescence-HPLC for the Assay of Guanidino CompoundsY. Nohara, T. Hanai, T. Kinoshita, and M. Watanabe . . . . . . . . . . . 1841

Quantitative Evaluation of the Bitterness of Commercial MedicinesUsing a Taste Sensor

T. Uchida, Y. Miyanaga, H. Tanaka, K. Wada, S. Kurosaki, T. Ohki, M. Yoshida, and K. Matsuyama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1843

Number 12

Regular ArticlesAn Efficient Synthesis of 5-Bromo-2-methoxy-6-methylaminopyri-dine-3-carboxylic Acid

Y. Hirokawa, T. Horikawa, and S. Kato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1847Synthesis of Methoxy-2-quinolones via Pummerer-type Cyclization ofN-Aryl-N-methyl-3-(phenylsulfinyl)propionamides

J. Toda, M. Sakagami, Y. Goan, M. Simakata, T. Saitoh, Y. Horiguchi, and T. Sano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1854

Four New Compounds, Ficusal, Ficusesquilignan A, B, and FicusolideDiacetate from the Heartwood of Ficus microcarpa

Y.-C. Li and Y.-H. Kuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1862Models to Predict Solubility in Ternary Solvents Based on Sub-binaryExperimental Data

A. Jouyban-Gharamaleki, B. J. Clark, and W. E. Acree, Jr. . . . . . . 1866Synthesis and in Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation of N-SubstitutedBenzo[5,6]cyclohepta[b]indoles

B. Joseph, D. Alagille, J.-Y. Mérour, and S. Léonce. . . . . . . . . . . . 1872Development of Spherical Crystals of Acetylsalicylic Acid for DirectTablet-making

H. Göczo, P. Szabó-Révész, B. Farkas, M. Hasznos-Nezdei, S. F. Serwanis, K. Pintye-Hódi, P. Kása, Jr., I. Eros, I. Antal, and S. Marton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1877

Mechanochemical Solid-State Polymerization (X): The Influence ofCopolymer Structure in Copolymeric Prodrugs on the Nature of DrugRelease

S. Kondo, I. Hatakeyama, S. Hosaka, and M. Kuzuya . . . . . . . . . . 1882New Potential Antimalarial Agents: Synthesis and Biological Activi-ties of Original Diaza-analogs of Phenanthrene

A. D. Yapi, M. Mustofa, A. Valentin, O. Chavignon, J.-C. Teulade, M. Mallie, J.-P. Chapat, and Y. Blache. . . . . . . . . . . 1886

Thermal-Dependent Dehydration Process and Intramolecular Cycliza-tion of Lisinopril Dihydrate in the Solid State

S.-L. Wang, S.-Y. Lin, and T.-F. Chen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1890Determination of Residual Solvents in Bulk Pharmaceuticals by Ther-mal Desorption/Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

K. Urakami, Y. Saito, Y. Fujiwara, C. Watanabe, K. Umemoto, M. Godo, and K. Hashimoto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1894

A New Synthesis of Indoloquinolizines by Pictet–Spengler Reactionof Tryptamine Type 1,2-Dihydropyridines Utilizing sec-Nitrodien-amine

T. Koike, Y. Shinohara, S. Tobinaga, and N. Takeuchi . . . . . . . . . . 1898Asymmetric Synthesis and Determination of the Absolute Configura-tion of FK584, an Agent for the Treatment of Overactive Detrusor

K. Take, K. Okumura, K. Tsubaki, K. Taniguchi, and Y. Shiokawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1903

5,11-Epoxymegastigmanes from the Leaves of Asclepias fruticosaF. Abe and T. Yamauchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908

New Access to 7,17-seco Norditerpenoid Alkaloids via Reduction ofthe Corresponding 8-Chloro Derivatives

F.-P. Wang, J.-S. Yang, Q.-H. Chen, L. Yu, and B.-G. Li . . . . . . . . 1912Novel A-seco-Rearranged Lanostane Triterpenoids from Abies sacha-linensis

M. Kuroyanagi, K. Sugiyama, M. Kanazawa, and N. Kawahara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1917

Pharmacokinetic Disposition of Polyethylene Glycol-ModifiedSalmon Calcitonins in Rats

S. D. Yoo, H. Jun, B. S. Shin, H. S. Lee, M. O. Park, P. P. DeLuca, and K. C. Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1921

Structure–Affinity Relationships of C-Terminal Cyclic Analogue ofNeuropeptide Y for the Y1-Receptor

Y. Takebayashi, H. Koga, J. Togami, A. Inui, H. Kurihara, T. Furuya, A. Tanaka, and K. Murase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1925

Constituents of a Fern, Diplazium subsinuatum. III. Four NewHopane-Triterpene Lactone Glycosides

Y. Inatomi, A. Inada, H. Murata, M. Nishi, and T. Nakanishi . . . . 1930Optically Active Antifungal Azoles. X. Synthesis and Antifungal Ac-tivity of N-[4-(Azolyl)phenyl]- and N-[4-(Azolylmethyl)phenyl]-N9-[(1R,2R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-tria-zol-1-yl)propyl]azolones

T. Kitazaki, T. Ichikawa, A. Tasaka, H. Hosono, Y. Matsushita, R. Hayashi, K. Okonogi, and K. Itoh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1935

Optically Active Antifungal Azoles. XI. An Alternative SyntheticRoute for 1-[(1R,2R)-2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-[4-(1H-1-tetrazolyl)phenyl]-2-imida-zolidinone (TAK-456) and Its Analog

T. Ichikawa, T. Kitazaki, Y. Matsushita, H. Hosono, M. Yamada, M. Mizuno, and K. Itoh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1947

Novel Enantioselective Fluorinating Agents, (R)- and (S)-N-Fluoro-3-tert-butyl-7-nitro-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,2]thiazine 1,1-Dioxides

N. Shibata, Z. Liu, and Y. Takeuchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1954Four New Stilbenoid C-Glucosides Isolated from the Stem Bark ofShorea hemsleyana

T. Ito, T. Tanaka, Y. Ido, K. Nakaya, M. Iinuma, and S. Riswan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1959

Development of Potent and Selective Plasmin and Plasma KallikreinInhibitors and Studies on the Structure–Activity Relationship

Y. Okada, Y. Tsuda, M. Tada, K. Wanaka, U. Okamoto, A. Hijikata-Okunomiya, and S. Okamoto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1964

Hydrophobicity Parameters Determined by Reversed-Phase LiquidChromatography. XIV. Application of a New Hydrogen-acceptingScale of Monosubstituted Pyrazines to Analysis of the Relationshipbetween Octanol–Water Partition Coefficients and Retention FactorsMeasured in Different Mobile Phases

C. Yamagami and M. Haraguchi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1973New Strong Fibrates with Piperidine Moiety

T. Komoto, H. Hirota, M. Otsuka, J. Kotake, S. Hasegawa, H. Koya, S. Sato, and T. Sakamoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1978

NotesComplex Formation of Cyclomaltononaose d-Cyclodextrin (d-CD)with Macrocyclic Compounds

H. Akasaka, T. Endo, H. Nagase, H. Ueda, and S. Kobayashi . . . . 1986Two New Alkaloids from Cigarette Smoke Condensate

Y. S. Yun, N. Sugimoto, S. Sekita, T. Maitani, T. Yamada, and M. Satake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1990

A Novel Anti-HBeAg Homolignan, Taiwanschirin D from Kadsuramatsudai

S.-Y. Li, M.-D. Wu, C.-W. Wang, Y.-H. Kuo, R.-L. Huang, and K.-H. Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1992

A New Flavonol Glycoside from the Aerial Parts of Astragalus vul-neraria

E. Bedir, I. Çalis, S. Piacente, C. Pizza, and I. A. Khan . . . . . . . . . 1994Microbial Transformation of Kawain and Methysticin

E. A. Abourashed and I. A. Khan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1996Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride-Promoted a-Bromination of Ketones with Grignard Reagent or Magnesium Bromide

T. Nishiyama, Y. Ono, S. Kurokawa, and S. Kimura . . . . . . . . . . . 1999Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 2-Oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinecar-boxamide Derivatives as Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Agonists

M. Suzuki, Y. Ohuchi, H. Asanuma, T. Kaneko, S. Yokomori, C. Ito, Y. Isobe, and M. Muramatsu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2003

Two New 3-Methoxy-4-quinolone Alkaloids from the Bark of Sar-comelicope megistophylla

N. Fokialakis, P. Magiatis, S. Mitaku, F. Tillequin, and T. Sévenet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2009

Chemiluminescence Characteristics of N-(4-Substituted Benzyl)isolu-minol

K. Todoroki, Y. Ohba, and K. Zaitsu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011Conformational Difference between Mono- and Diprotonated cis-2,5-

No. 12 I-11

Diphenylpiperazinium Salts in the Solid StateK. Takasu, H. Miyamoto, K. Tanaka, T. Taga, M. Bando, and K. Fuji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2014

Communications to the EditorStereocontrolled Synthesis of Optically Active b-D-Glucopyranosidesof 3-Hydroxy-7,8-didehydro-b-ionol

Y. Yamano, Y. Watanabe, N. Watanabe, and M. Ito . . . . . . . . . . . . 2017

I-12 No. 12

(A)

Abdallah, A. M. ...........................41Abe, Fumiko

..........154, 991, 1017, 1090, 1908Abe, Hitoshi ...............................861Abourashed, Ehab A. .........45, 1996Achiwa, Kazuo ....................32, 308Achmad, Sjamsul Arifin ..........1726Ackermann, Karen ....................740Acree, Jr., William E. ..............1866Adachi, Tsutomu .......................366Adikwu, Michael U. ..................734Adnyana, I Ketut .....................1114Aga, Yasuhiro ..........................1286Ahmad, Viqar Uddin ...............1597Ahsan, Fakhrul ..........................793Aimi, Norio ...................1410, 1726Aizawa, Koichi ........................1793Akai, Shuji ...............................1519Akaizawa, Takashi ...................1034Akano, Kyoko ..........................1452Akasaka, Hiroki .......................1986Akihisa, Toshihiro ...................1187Akimoto, Hiroshi .....................1270Akimoto, Koh-ichi ...................1529Akimoto, Toshio ........................467Akita, Hiroyuki ................272, 1176Akiyama, Toshihiko ..................861Akiyama, Toshiyuki ..........389, 505Akiyama, Toshiyuki ................1219Akkaramongkolporn, Prasert ....231Alagille, David ........................1872Alam, M. Nur-e .........................738Alevisopoulos, Giorgos .............743Ali, Akbar ................................1597Ali, Zulfiqar .............................1597Aligiannis, Nectarios .................150Allais, Daovy P. .........................281Allouchi, Hassan .......................935Amemiya, Keiko ........................749Ando, Akira .....................683, 1023Antal, István ............................1877Anzai, Kinsei .............................366Aoki, Kazumasa ..............571, 1529Aoki, Shinji ...............................140Aoyama, Yuri ...............................60Araho, Daisuke ..........................142Arai, Noriko .............................1442Arihara, Shigenobu ........1093, 1418Arima, Hidetoshi .............646, 1125Arisawa, Mitsuhiro ..................1593Asai, Fumitoshi ...............245, 1729Asai, Yasuyuki ...........................947Asakawa, Yoshinori .................1818Asanuma, Hajime ....................2003Aso, Mariko ...................1384, 1536Aso, Yukio .................................283Atassi, Ghanem .........................150Athanaselis, Sotiris ....................743Attama, Anthony A. ..................734Awale, Suresh ................1114, 1711

(B)

Baba, Kimiye ...........................1246Badarchiin, T. ............................738Bae, Sung Yong .......................1138Baek, Nam In .............................614Ballard, C. Eric ..........................238

Ballesteros, Ma Paloma ............1623Bando, Masahiko .......................547Bando, Masahiko .....................2014Bando, Shinya .........................1418Banskota, Arjun Hari

............................496, 1114, 1711Barra, Jerome ............................179Barron, Denis ..........................1768Bavovada, Rapepol ..................1347Bayet, Christine .......................1768Bedir, Erdal ............425, 1081, 1994Bekheit, Magdy M. ............266, 914Benamour, Khalid ......................729Bernardes Génisson, Vania

......................................893, 1634Blache, Yves ............................1886Bohgaki, Takako ........................433Borchardt, Ronald T. .................238Brain, Anthony ..........................167Bratoeff, Eugene A. .................1249Bustamante, Pilar ...............175, 179But, Paul Pui-Hay ..........1087, 1367

(C)

Cabeza, M. ...............................1249Cai, Jianping ............................1034Çalis, Ihsan ....................1081, 1994Campos Takaki, Galba Maria de

..............................................1422Cao, Honghua ..........................1745Casalderrey, Marta .....................458Castro, David ...........................1623Champavier, Yves ......................281Chan, Lai Wah .........393, 420, 1639Chan, Yu-Yi .....................357, 1006Chang, Chi-I ....................597, 1211Chang, Chiung-Yun ...................964Chang, Fang-Rong ...................1350Chang, Seung-Yeup ...................879Chang, Young Soo ...................1242Chang-Fong, Jean ......................729Chapat, Jean-Pierre ..................1886Chavignon, Olivier ..................1886Chen, Cheng Yu .........................769Chen, Chieh-Fu .......................1079Chen, Chien-Mao ........................85Chen, Ching-Yeu .....................1344Chen, Qiao-Hong .....................1912Chen, Shao-Xing .....................1087Chen, Sheng-Chih .....................964Chen, Ting-Fang ......................1890Chen, Wen-Chin ........................766Cheng, Kin-Fai ........................1109Chiang, Yi-Ming ........................593Chiba, Mitsuo ............................304Chikuma, Masahiko .................1831Chiwele, Irene ............................951Chiyo, Junko ............................1387Cho, Won Jea .............................399Choi, Eung-Chil .......................1805Choi, Sang Un .................614, 1796Choi, Seong-Hak .....................1805Choi, Young Hae .....................1805Choshi, Tominari .......................108Choudhary, M. Iqbal ..................738Chulia, Albert J. .........................281Clark, Brian J. ..................175, 1866Colibretti, Maria Luisa ............1611Comte, Gilles ...........................1768Concheiro, Angel .......................458

Cosentino, L. Mark ..................1387Cussac, Max ..............................729

(D)

Daali, Youssef ............................179Danjo, Kazumi ...................140, 769Daskiewicz, Jean Baptiste .......1768Davgiin, Khishgee .....................353De, Biswanath ..........................1332De Clercq, Erik ..........................293Dei, Hiroo ................................1761deLong, Mitchell A. ................1332DeLuca, Patrick P. ...................1921Dhanvantri, S. D. .......................559Ding, Hueisch-Jy .......................288Dirr, Michelle J. .......................1332Dokan, Rumiko .......................1226Domard, Monique ......................893Dong, Hui ......................1087, 1367Du, Xiao-Ming ........................1803

(E)

Ebisawa, Kazuyoshi ...................708Ebizuka, Yutaka .......................1051Eguchi, Tadashi .......................1470El-Asmy, A. A. ............................41El-Feraly, Farouk S. .....................45El-Rahman, S. I. Abd ................636Endo, Katsunori .......................1545Endo, Kazutoyo ...............464, 1602Endo, Michiko .........................1215Endo, Teruko .............................304Endo, Tomohiro .......................1986Endo, Toyoshige ......................1467Endo, Yasuyuki ..........................312Enguehard, Cécile ......................935Enomoto, Hiroshi ....................1310Eros, István ..............................1877Eto, Hiromichi .................982, 1097Eto, Masashi ............................1652

(F)

Fan, Wenzhe ............................1055Farkas, Béla .............................1877Fenet, Bernard .........................1768Feng, Si-shen .............................808Fillion, Houda ............................893Fokialakis, Nikolas ..................2009Fouda, A. S. ...............................636Fowke, Keith ............................1387Frutos, Paloma .........................1623Fuji, Kaoru ......................882, 2014Fujii, Masahiro ..........................382Fujii, Nobutaka ..............1230, 1293Fujii, Yasuyuki ...........................447Fujimoto, Haruhiro ..................1436Fujimoto, Koichi ..............245, 1729Fujimoto, Rie ...........................1281Fujimoto, Yasuo .......................1774Fujimoto, Yoshinori ...................344Fujimoto, Yoshinori .................1480Fujino, Yoshihiro .......................298Fujita, Reiko ............................1814Fujiwara, Hidetoshi .................1380Fujiwara, Manabu ......................366Fujiwara, Yasuhiro ...................1894Fukamiya, Narihiko ...................876Fukasawa, Hiroshi ...................1504

Fukatsu, Kohji ...........................784Fukawa, Hidemichi ....................304Fukazawa, Tominaga ...............1310Fukuda, Hiroshi .......................1034Fukuhara, Ken-ichi ....................708Fukuhara, Kiyoshi ...................1532Fukui, Miyako ...........................108Fukuma, Kazuki ......................1051Fukuoka, Eihei ...........................208Fukuoka, Takashi .......................694Fukushima, Kazutaka ..............1422Fukuyama, Tohru .....................1570Fukuyama, Yoshiyasu ........301, 657Fukuyoshi, Shu-ichi .................1208Funakoshi, Kazuhisa ...............1822Furukawa, Hironori .................1370Furukawa, Hiroshi

..........................65, 334, 339, 582Furuya, Toshio .........................1925

(G)

Gao, Jiang-Jing ........................1026Gao, Jianjun .............................1075Garcia, Ana Maria .....................740Girald, Frank ............................1034Go, Mei Lin ...............................808Goan, Yoko ..............................1854Göczo, Hajnalka ......................1877Godo, Masayuki ......................1894Gombosurengyin, Purevsuren ...353Gómez-Amoza, José L. .............458Gonda, Ryoko ................1219, 1228Goto, Mariko ...........................1529Goto, Masashi ............................537Goto, Riki ........................245, 1729Gou, Yu-Lin .............................1087Gouda, Hiroaki ........................1835Gouda, M. M. ............................636Gu, Xuyuan .............................1776Gueiffier, Alain ..........................935Gutierrez, Gilles ......................1768

(H)

Habuki, Shinobu ........................694Hada, Noriyasu ........................1160Hamada, Yoshiki ................525, 755Hamana, Hiroshi ......................1256Hamashima, Yoshitaka ............1586Han, Eyong-Chae ......................889Hanai, Toshihiko ......................1841Hanaki, Akira ............................908Hanaoka, Miyoji ........................399Hara, Hiromu ...................382, 1689Hara, Kazumasa .......................1226Hara, Yukie ..............................1532Harada, Kengo ...........................843Harada, Yasuo ............................157Haraguchi, Miyako ..................1973Harano, Kazunobu ...................1652Harasaki, Tamako ......................694Harayama, Takashi ....................861Harima, Shoichi .........................651Hasegawa, Susumu ..................1978Hasegawa, Tetsuya ...........454, 1807Hashimoto, Keiji ............1299, 1894Hashimoto, Ken-ichiro ............1410Hashimoto, Shigeki ...................603Hashimoto, Shunichi .................306Hashimoto, Tadashi .................1166

No. 12 AUTHOR INDEX I-13

Hashimoto, Yuichi .........1493, 1504Hassanein, Amira ......................600Hassanian, M. M. ........................41Hasznos-Nezdei, Magdolna .....1877Hata, Masayuki ..........................447Hata, Toshiyuki .........16, 957, 1660Hatakeyama, Isao ....................1882Hatano, Keiichiro ......................755Hatano, Keiichiro ......................908Hatano, Tsutomu .......................687Hatano, Tsutomu .....................1286Hattori, Masao ........194, 838, 1026,

1109, 1239, 1606, 1681Hattori, Naoko .........................1310Hayakawa, Aki ........................1558Hayakawa, Miho ..............245, 1729Hayashi, Hideya ......................1310Hayashi, Nanao ................154, 1090Hayashi, Noriki ........................1148Hayashi, Ryogo .......................1935Hayashi, Toshimitsu ................1101Hayashi, Yasuhiro ......................623Hendrata, Siska ........................1138Heng, Paul Wan Sia

..............................393, 420, 1639Herrera, H. ...............................1249Hibino, Masaru ........................1395Hibino, Satoshi ..........................108Hidai, Yuko ..............................1570Hidaka, Toshinori ....................1129Higashiyama, Kimio ..................641Higuchi, Ryuichi .......................157Higuchi, Tsunehiko .................1514Hijikata-Okunomiya, Akiko

......................................184, 1964Hikage, Naotsuka ....................1370Hinata, Ryo-ichi ......................1293Hino, Nagomi ..........................1196Hino, Tomoaki ...........................617Hirabayashi, Michitaka ..............114Hirai, Hiromichi ......................1093Hirai, Koichi ............................1567Hirakawa, Tomoki .....................286Hirano, Kazuyuki ....................1793Hirano, Keiko ............................974Hirano, Tomohisa ......................223Hirasawa, Taeko ........................399Hirata, Eiji .......542, 547, 752, 1084Hirata, Kazuyuki .......................865Hiratsuka, Jun’ichi ...................1034Hirayama, Fumitoshi

............................646, 1125, 1264Hirobe, Masaaki ..............223, 1514Hiroi, Kunio ...............................405Hirokawa, Yoshimi ..................1847Hirono, Shuichi .......................1835Hirooka, Kiyotaka ...................1121Hirota, Hiroyuki ......................1978Hirota, Kenichi ..........................235Hirusawa, Tomiko ......................582Hoffmann, Pascal .....................1634Hojo, Keiko .............................1740Honda, Chikako ...............464, 1602Honda, Gisho ...........................1234Honda, Keiichi .................154, 1090Honda, Toshio .........................1545Honda, Yoshiteru .......................978Hongo, Hiroshi ........................1814Honma, Toyokuni ......................509Hori, Kimihiko ............................60Hori, Manabu ............................843

Horie, Kazutoshi ......................1256Horiguchi, Yoshie ....................1854Horikawa, Tamaki ....................1847Horino, Haruhiko ......................490Hornberger, Martin ....................349Hosaka, Shouichi .....................1882Hoshi, Midori ..........................1467Hoshimoto, Shigeki .................1541Hoshino, Hiroo ..........................308Hoshino, Masato ......................1814Hoshino, Tyuji ...........................447Hoshita, Takahiko ........................53Hosoe, Tomoo .........................1422Hosono, Hiroshi .............1935, 1947Hu, Chuan-Jiang ..........................56Huang, Hui-Chi .......................1079Huang, Jian-mei .........................657Huang, Jing ....................1228, 1413Huang, Li-Jiau ...........................964Huang, Ray-Ling .....................1992Huang, Ying-Fong .....................288Hufford, Charles D. ......................45Huh, Hoon ...............................1805Huisgen, Rolf .............................757Hung, Meng-Chieh ..................1344Hwang, Shy-Yuan ......................440Hwang, Sung Hee ..............325, 610Hyun, Soon-Sil ........................1805

(I)

Ichikawa, Fumihiko ...................215Ichikawa, Takashi ..........1935, 1947Ichikawa, Tomohisa ...................454Ide, Toshinori .............................542Ido, Yoshimi ..................1001, 1959Igarashi, Kiharu .......................1075Igarashi, Susumu .............382, 1689Igata, Tomoko ..........................1474Igglessi-Markopoulou, Olga ......211Igi, Masami ................................529Iguchi, Shin .............................1740Iida, Akira ..................................486Iida, Daisuke ............................1838Iijima, Yasuteru .................389, 505Iinuma, Munekazu .........1001, 1959Ikarashi, Ai ..............................1698Ikeda, Kiyoshi ..............32, 163, 308Ikeda, Shoji ................................843Ikeda, Tsuyoshi ........362, 568, 1062Ikegami, Fumio ..........................278Ikekawa, Nobuo .........................viiiIkeshiro, Yasumasa ..................1387Ikota, Nobuo ..............................261Imai, Junya ..............................1310Imai, Masanori .........................1822Imai, Teruko ............................1264Imamura, Hideaki ......................310Imbimbo, Bruno P. ...................1611Imura, Akihiro ...........................563In, Yasuko ..................................374Inaba, Masahiro .......................1778Inaba, Takihiro ...........................131Inada, Akira .............................1930Inakuma, Takahiro ...................1793Inami, Hiroshi ..................382, 1689Inatomi, Yuka ..........................1930Inomata, Norio .................623, 1129Inoue, Hideko ............................802Inoue, Kenichiro ........................415Inoue, Yoshihisa ........................366

Inoue, Yukiko ..............................48Inui, Akio .................................1925Inui, Takahiro ............................603Inukai, Masao ............................850Irino, Nobuto ...........................1803Isaka, Kimio ..............................353Ishibashi, Masami ..........1436, 1447Ishibashi, Noriko .......................436Ishibashi, Taro ...........................529Ishida, Koichi ..............................60Ishida, Sachie ...........................1782Ishida, Toshimasa ..............374, 480Ishii, Akio ..................................552Ishii, Miho .................................447Ishii, Mutsumi ...........................746Ishikawa, Junya ........................1293Ishikawa, Satoko ......................1500Ishikawa, Tsutomu .....................278Ishizuka, Sou .............................442Ishizuka, Takaaki .....................1356Isobe, Akihiko ...........................256Isobe, Ryuichi ............................157Isobe, Yoshihiko ......................2003Isonishi, Seiji .............................575Itabashi, Takeshi ......................1422Itai, Akiko ................................1504Itaya, Nobushige ........................529Ito, Chihiro ..........65, 334, 339, 582Ito, Chika .................................2003Ito, Harunobu ................................1Ito, Hideyuki ....................687, 1190Ito, Kuniko .................................490Ito, Masayoshi .........................1391Ito, Masayoshi ...............1833, 2017Ito, Rie .............................245, 1729Ito, Suketaka ..............................865Ito, Tetsuro .....................1001, 1959Ito, Tomohiro .............................579Itoh, Atsuko ...............................415Itoh, Fumio ..............................1270Itoh, Hiroyuki ..........................1148Itoh, Katsumi .................1935, 1947Itoh, Takashi ............................1524Itoh, Yoshio ................................687Iwado, Akimasa .......................1831Iwai, Michio ............................1304Iwai, Yuzuru ............................1442Iwakawa, Tsuneo .......................160Iwamoto, Kiyoshi ......................947Iwanami, Naoko ............1051, 1101Iwasa, Kinuko ..........................1790Iwasaki, Yukiko .......................1484Iwata, Yukitaka ........................1581

(J)

Ji, Jun .......................................1786Jiang, Ze-Rong ..........................641Jin, Yu ........................................850Jin, Zhe-Xiong .........................1190Jones, Brian E. ...........................951Joseph, Benoît .........................1872Jouyban-Gharamaleki, Abolghasem

......................................175, 1866Ju-ichi, Motoharu ......................582Juliawaty, Lia Dewi .................1726Jun, Hun ...........................798, 1921Jung, Chil Mann ......................1796Jung, Sang Hoon ......................1786

(K)

Kadota, Shigetoshi ..................496, 1055, 1114, 1711

Kagami, Junichi .......................1051Kagan, Henri B. .........................315Kagawa, Yoshiki ........................120Kagechika, Hiroyuki ................1504Kageura, Tadashi ...........1429, 1720Kaji, Yuko ................................1480Kajino, Hisaki ..........................1148Kakehi, Akikazu ........................865Kakinuma, Katsumi .................1470Kakuda, Rie .............746, 749, 1356Kamachi, Shinichi .....................215Kamai, Yasuki ............................694Kamayachi, Hiroshi .................1549Kambara, Takeshi ....................1577Kamei, Chiaki ............................366Kamei, Tomoe .................623, 1129Kameyama, Yuri ..........................53Kamiya, Shoji ............................817Kamizono, Hiroko .....................464Kan, Toshiyuki ........................1570Kanai, Motomu ........................1586Kanai, Shinobu ........................1470Kanazawa, Hideko ...................1462Kanazawa, Masahiro ...............1917Kanda, Mamoru .........................817Kaneda, Miyuki ...........................53Kaneko, Kimiyoshi ..................1628Kaneko, Midori .......................1230Kaneko, Toshie ........................2003Kaneko, Yasushi ..............982, 1097Kang, Eunhee ............................798Kang, Sam Sik .........................1242Kano, Masahiro .........................486Kanzaki, Yasushi .....................1602Kaouadji, Mourad ......................281Kása Jr., Péter ..........................1877Kasahara, Fumiko ......................784Kasahara, Yoshimasa ...............1187Kasai, Masayasu ........................817Kasai, Ryoji .............................1226Kasamaki, Masatoshi ...............1698Kase, Hiroshi .............................552Kashima, Midori ........................330Kashiwada, Yoshiki .................1387Katada, Motomi .......................1602Katai, Masaaki ...........................142Katakawa, Jun’ichi ....................142Kataoka, Maki ...........................201Katayama, Hajime ...................1628Kato, Hisatoyo ...........................454Kato, Jiro .................................1831Kato, Keisuke ..................272, 1176Kato, Makoto .............................683Kato, Masanobu ......................1778Kato, Nobuo ............................1051Kato, Ryohei ............................1310Kato, Shiro ...............................1847Katsuno, Shinya .........................339Katsura, Tadashi ........................529Katumi, Ikuyo ................................1Kawachi, Emiko ......................1504Kawada, Yoshihiro .....................529Kawaguchi, Atsuhiro ...............1327Kawaguchi, Takayuki ..............1256Kawaguchi, Takeo .....................454Kawahara, Nobuo ....................1917

I-14 AUTHOR INDEX No. 12

Kawahara, Norio ..............660, 1065Kawahara, Yuzo .......................1039Kawai, Ken-ichi .......................1422Kawakami, Katsuhiro ..............1667Kawakami, Nozomi .................1205Kawasaki, Ikuo ........................1799Kawasaki, Koichi .....................1740Kawase, Akira ...........................215Kawase, Masami ......114, 410, 1338Kawashima, Seiichiro ..............1778Kawashima, Susumu .................579Kawashima, Yoshiaki .................585Kawashima, Yoshiaki .................617Keum, Sam Rok ......................1786Khalifa, M. E. ..............................41Khan, Ikhlas A.

............45, 425, 1081, 1994, 1996Khan, Pir Muhammad .............1771Khor, Eugene .............................941Kido, Katsumi .........................1826Kido, Masaru .............................547Kiguchi, Toshihiro ...................1536Kiho, Tadashi ...........................1793Kikuchi, Kazuya ......................1514Kikuchi, Masao .......746, 749, 1356Kim, Dae Keun ........................1766Kim, Hwa-Soon .......................1805Kim, Jinwoong ........................1805Kim, Ju Sun .............................1242Kim, Soon-Ai ..........................1805Kim, Sun Yeou .........................1796Kim, Won-Bae .........................1805Kim, Young-Ho .........................194Kimizuka, Kaoru .........................77Kimura, Kenichi ......................1667Kimura, Kenya ..........................646Kimura, Saori ..........................1999Kimura, Yumiko ......................1187Kini, R. Manjunatha ................1087Kinjo, Junei .....................286, 1826Kino, Akari ......................873, 1790Kinoshita, Sayaka ......................145Kinoshita, Takayoshi .....................1Kinoshita, Takeshi ...................1375Kinoshita, Toshio .....................1841Kirihara, Masayuki ............220, 885Kiryu, Yoshimitsu ....................1628Kisanuki, Sumitsugu ...............1310Kishi, Akinobu ......994, 1039, 1673Kishibayashi, Nobuyuki ............552Kishigami, Maki ........................477Kishimoto, Shin-ichi .................708Kiso, Yoshiaki ..........................1310Kita, Yasuyuki .................445, 1519Kitagawa, Kouki ......................1380Kitagawa, Masayuki ..................490Kitagawa, Shuji .......................1698Kitagawa, Takanori ....................575Kitagawa, Tokujiro ..................1363Kitajima, Junichi .........................77Kitajima, Mariko ...........1410, 1726Kitamura, Kunihiro ....................480Kitazaki, Tomoyuki .......1935, 1947Kiuchi, Fumiyuki .......................148Koami, Takeshi ........................1480Kobayashi, Chiaki ...................1299Kobayashi, Chizu .......................415Kobayashi, Eri ...........................687Kobayashi, Hiroki ......................920Kobayashi, Hisayoshi ..............1452Kobayashi, Jun’ichi .........974, 1447

Kobayashi, Kazuo ......................223Kobayashi, Keijiro ...................1567Kobayashi, Masakazu ..............1304Kobayashi, Shigeki ....................920Kobayashi, Shoichi ..................1986Kobayashi, Susumu .................1370Kobayashi, Syozo ......................490Kobayashi, Takashi ..................1793Kobayashi, Tooru .....................1034Kodama, Kazuya .......................366Kofuji, Kyoko ............................579Koga, Hironobu .......................1925Koga, Kenji ..............486, 571, 1529Kohno, Kentarou .....................1673Kohno, Masahiro .......................610Koike, Kazuo .............................876Koike, Nobuo ............................215Koike, Takeshi .................436, 1898Kojima, Keisuke ........................353Kojima, Naoe ...........................1101Kojima, Shigeo ..........................283Kokusenya, Yoshio ....................235Kölbl, Heinz ............................1442Komoto, Teruo .........................1978Kondo, Kazuhiko .......................589Kondo, Mitsumasa ...................1384Kondo, Shin-ichi ......................1882Kondo, Yoshinori .......................669Kondo, Yuichi ......................65, 339Konishi, Koji .....................163, 308Konosu, Toshiyuki .....................694Koshio, Hiroyuki .........................21Kotake, Jiro ..............................1978Kotani, Eiichi .............................120Kouno, Isao ................................201Koutoku, Hiroshi .............382, 1689Koutselinis, Antonis ..................743Kowalczyk, James J. ..................740Koya, Hidehiko ........................1978Koyama, Junko ................873, 1790Kozlecki, Tomasz ......................296Kreis, Wolfgang .........................349Krishnaveni, K. S. ...................1373Kubica, Zbigniew ......................296Kubo, Akinori ..........................1549Kubo, Hajime ............................641Kubo, Hideo ..............................490Kubodera, Noboru .....................215Kubota, Shinichi ......................1749Kubota, Shoji ...........................1652Kubota, Takaaki ...............974, 1447Kubota, Yoshihiro ......................486Kudo, Noriaki ............................509Kudoh, Michinari ........................60Kumadaki, Itsumaro ........683, 1023Kumakura, Hiroko .....................114Kumazawa, Toshiaki ..................552Kumon, Satoshi .........................708Kunieda, Takehisa ...................1541Kuno, Masako ................................1Kuo, Sheng-Chu ........................964Kuo, Yao-Haur .......440, 1079, 1992Kuo, Yueh-Hsiung

............593, 597, 766, 1211, 1862Kurahashi, Kazuyoshi ................817Kuramoto, Taiju ...........................53Kurihara, Hiroyuki ...................1925Kurihara, Masaaki .....................920Kurihara, Teruo ........................1338Kurita, Keisuke ..........................442Kuroda, Mayuko ......................1160

Kuroda, Tooru ............................589Kuroda, Yoshihiro ....................1293Kurokawa, Sachiko ..................1999Kurosaki, Seisuke ....................1843Kurosawa, Katsuro ..................1166Kuroyanagi, Masanori

..............................566, 832, 1917Kusama, Kaoru ..........................687Kusama, Tadashi ........................278Kusamae-Eguchi, Kuniko ..........278Kusano, Genjiro .......................1281Kusumi, Takenori ....................1208Kuwada, Takeshi ........................108Kuwajima, Hiroshi ....................415Kuzuya, Masayuki ...................1882Kwon, Hak Cheol ............614, 1796

(L)

Labidalle, Serge .......................1634Lagasse, Franz ...........................315Lamperti, Giuseppina ..............1611Lastres, Jose Luís ....................1623Lee, Ching-Kuo .................597, 766Lee, Hye Suk ...........................1921Lee, Jong Kyo ..........................1796Lee, Kang Choon .............798, 1921Lee, Kang Ro ...................614, 1796Lee, Kuo-Hsiung ...876, 1387, 1992Lee, Kyu Hyun ..........................798Lee, Yi-Ling ..............................440Leger, Jean-Michel ....................935Lei, Zhen-Huan .................290, 828Léonce, Stéphane .............150, 1872Leu, Yann-Lii ...................357, 1006Lewis, Michael D. ......................740Li, Jia-Shi ..................................641Li, Jian-Chen .................1223, 1354Li, Shu-Hua ...............................687Li, Shyh-Yuan ..................440, 1992Li, Yan ...........................1239, 1606Li, Yen-Cheng ..........................1862Liao, Yuan ...............................1138Lib, Bo-Gang ...........................1912Lim, Lee-Yong ...........................941Lim, Liang Theng ......................393Lim, Soon Sung .......................1786Lin, Chin-Hou ...........................440Lin, Shan-Yang ........................1890Lipipun, Vimolmas ..................1347Liu, Hong-Min ...........................148Liu, Zhaopeng .........................1954Liu, Zhenzhong .........................148Lu, Chang-Sheng .........................56

(M)

Ma, Chao-mei ........838, 1239, 1681Ma, Ying-Li ...............................290Machida, Koichi ......746, 749, 1356Machida, Kotoe .......................1828Machida, Minoru .....................1702Maeda, Hatsuo .................897, 1196Maeda, Kensuke ........................683Maeda, Mitsuko .......................1740Maeda, Yoshitaka ....................1293Maegawa, Tomohiro ..................445Magiatis, Prokopios .................2009Maiorana, Stefano ...................1611Maitani, Tamio ........................1990Maitani, Yoshie ..................325, 610

Maki, Tomonori .......................1782Makino, Mitsuko .....................1774Makino, Tadashi ................673, 678Makita, Midori ...........................208Malik, Abdul ...........................1771Mallie, Michèle .......................1886Mandelli, Giacomina R. ..........1611Marakos, Panagiotis ..................150Marriott, Christopher .................167Martelli, Sante .........................1105Martin, Gary Peter .....................167Martínez-Pacheco, Ramón ........458Martino, Piera Di .....................1105Marton, Sylvia .........................1877Masaki, Yukio ..........................1010Mase, Toshiyasu ..............382, 1689Masuda, Toshinobu ...................256Masuda, Toshiya ..............752, 1234Masui, Yasue ............................1281Masuma, Rokuro .....................1442Masumizu, Toshiki ....................610Matsu-ura, Shinya ......................897Matsubara, Toshiyuki ................433Matsuda, Hisashi ....651, 994, 1039,

1045, 1327, 1429, 1673, 1720Matsuhisa, Akira ...............21, 1644Matsuhisa, Tadashi ..................1148Matsui, Hiroshi ..........................817Matsumoto, Ken-ichiro ............1602Matsumoto, Kenji ....................1418Matsumoto, Misae .....................566Matsumoto, Shigenobu ................71Matsumoto, Shinobu ...................91Matsumoto, Yoshikazu ..............184Matsumoto, Yukiharu ..............1121Matsumoto, Yuzo .......................428Matsumura, Yasufumi ................304Matsunaga, Hirofumi ...............1541Matsuno, Toshiyuki .................1778Matsuo, Jun-ichi ......................1838Matsushima, Tomohiro ..............855Matsushima, Yoshikazu

................................71, 261, 1462Matsushita, Takayuki .................366Matsushita, Yoshihiro ....1935, 1947Matsuura, Hiromichi .................889Matsuura, Tetsuro ......................142Matsuya, Yuhji ...........................108Matsuyama, Kenji ..........1828, 1843Matsuzaki, Hisao ...............525, 755Mazima, Kaori .............................48Meguro, Shiori .........................1452Meng, Qing-Jin ............................56Mérour, Jean-Yves ...................1872Meselhy, Meselhy R.

..........................1109, 1239, 1606Mibu, Nobuko .........................1810Michida, Takashi .....................1378Mifune, Masaki .......................1831Mikami, Yuzuru .........................974Mikata, Yuji ...............................477Mimoto, Tsutomu ....................1310Mimura, Tetsuya ........................490Min, Byung-Sun ..............194, 1026Min, Kyung-Hoon ...................1805Minami, Emiko ..........................389Minami, Hiroyuki ..............301, 657Mine, Chie ...............................1418Ming, Dong-Sheng ..................1367Misawa, Satoru ........................1310Misoi, Rumi ...............................349

No. 12 AUTHOR INDEX I-15

Mitaku, Sofia ...................150, 2009Mitsos, Christos .........................211Mitsui, Hitoshi ...............................1Miura, Tsuyoshi .......................1010Miura, Yozo ...............................235Miwa, Masao .............................832Miya, Mikiko ...........................1129Miyadera, Akihiko .....................563Miyagawa, Hiroo .......................480Miyahara, Kazumoto ...............1749Miyaji, Makoto ........................1422Miyajima, Keisuke ......................32Miyama, Isamu ..........................779Miyamoto, Chie ...........................71Miyamoto, Hisashi ..................2014Miyamoto, Kazuhide ...............1293Miyamoto, Tomofumi ...............157Miyanaga, Yohko ...........1828, 1843Miyanami, Kei .........................1154Miyase, Toshio ..........................566Miyashiro, Hirotsugu .................194Miyashita, Tomoyuki .................903Miyata, Chizuko ......................1462Miyata, Naoki ..................920, 1532Miyata, Yoko ...........................1749Miyauchi, Rie ..........................1667Miyauchi, Satoru .....................1667Miyazaki, Yoshihiko ................1299Miyoshi, Kengo .......................1230Mizoguchi, Jun-ichi ...................366Mizoue, Kazutoshi ...................1470Mizukami, Hajime .....................353Mizuno, Akira .................623, 1129Mizuno, Hitomi ...........................48Mizuno, Masahiro ...................1947Mizutani, Taku ...........................140Mizutare, Tohru .......................1226Mochizuki, Masataka ..............1500Mohan, E. V. S. ..........................559Momose, Takefumi ............220, 885Morand, Jean-Marc ....................729Moreno, MarcoAntonio ...........1623Mori, Kazuko ...........................1190Mori, Kenji ..............................1807Mori, Makoto .....................126, 716Mori, Miwako ..........................1753Mori, Takao .....................660, 1065Mori, Tomonori .........................442Moriarity, Debra M. .................1776Morikawa, Toshio ......................651Morimoto, Hotaka ...................1793Morioka, Hironori .....................445Morisaki, Masuo ......................1474Morishima, Hajime ....................310Morita, Izumi ...................873, 1790Moritani, Yasunori .....................589Morris-Natschke, Susan L. ......1387Moses Babu, J. ...........................559Mostafa, Sahar I. .......................266Motohashi, Noriko ...................1831Motohashi, Shigeyasu .............1187Mou, Xiao-Yang ........................876Mu, Li ........................................808Mukainaka, Teruo ......................876Mukaiyama, Teruaki ................1838Mukoyoshi, Koichiro .................882Murabayashi, Akira ...................160Murahashi, Naokazu ..................947Murakami, Masayuki ...............1567Murakami, Morio ......................784

Murakami, Toshiyuki .......889, 994, 1045, 1429, 1673, 1720

Murakami, Yumiko ..................1176Muramatsu, Kazunori ................610Muramatsu, Makoto ................2003Muranaka, Takashi ..................1190Murase, Kiyoshi ......................1925Murase, Masayuki .......................81Murata, Chiyomi .......................256Murata, Hiroko ........................1930Murata, Yoshifumi .....................579Muratake, Hideaki ...................1558Murillo, E. ...............................1249Mustofa, Mustofa ....................1886

(N)

Nagai, Masahiro ......................1427Nagai, Tsuneji ...................325, 610Nagaki, Hideyoshi .....................131Nagakura, Naotaka

..............................370, 415, 1200Nagamine, Rumiko ..................1799Nagano, Tetsuo ................223, 1514Nagao, Tsuneatsu ....................1387Nagaoka, Masao ......................1215Nagase, Hiromasa ....................1986Nagashima, Fumihiro ..............1818Nagashima, Nobuya ..................708Nagata, Toshiyuki ......................454Nagata, Yoshiko .................71, 1462Nagumo, Seiji ..........................1427Naka, Tadaatsu ........................1519Nakada, Masahisa ....................1581Nakagawa, Hidehiko ..................261Nakagawa, Hidetoshi ...............1652Nakagawa, Masako ..................1593Nakagawa, Terumichi ..............1293Nakahara, Hideaki .....................428Nakai, Hiroshi ...........................160Nakajima, Makoto .....................306Nakajima, Masaharu ................1205Nakajima, Noriyuki ...................855Nakajima, Terumi ......................908Nakamoto, Kazutaka ...............1256Nakamura, Atsuko ...................1480Nakamura, Etsuko ...................1436Nakamura, Hiroyuki ................1034Nakamura, Junko .....................1720Nakamura, Keiko .......................582Nakamura, Mitsuhiro .................566Nakamura, Motoyuki ...............1826Nakamura, Norio ....194, 838, 1026,

1109, 1239, 1681Nakamura, Seikou ...................1799Nakamura, Shohei .....................817Nakamura, Takashi ....................235Nakamura, Yoshie ......................694Nakamura, Yushin .....................603Nakane, Shinji ...........................903Nakanishi, Ikuo .......................1532Nakanishi, Koji ........................1399Nakanishi, Kyoko ............623, 1129Nakanishi, Tsutomu .................1930Nakano, Masahiro .....................978Nakaya, Ken-ichi ...........1001, 1959Nakayama, Hirokazu .................802Namiki, Setsuo ........................1097Namikoshi, Michio ..................1452Narama, Isao ..............................142Natsume, Mitsutaka .................1558

Nawaz, Hafiz Rub ....................1771Nayeshiro, Hidekazu .................370Ndognii, Purev Ö. ......................738Nebois, Pascal ...........................893Nemoto, Hideo ..........................885Nemoto, Hisao .........................1034Niimi, Kanako ...........................220Nishi, Hiroyuki ..........................235Nishi, Masatoshi ......................1930Nishi, Toyoyuki .......................1200Nishida, Atsushi ......................1593Nishida, Makiko ................556, 828Nishida, Miharu .........................920Nishida, Norihisa .....................1429Nishii, Yasuho ............................215Nishijima, Koji ........................1299Nishijo, Juziro .............................48Nishimura, Akiko ......................774Nishimura, Satoshi ....................505Nishino, Hoyoku ..............876, 1190Nishiyama, Tomihiro ...............1999Nishiyama, Yasuhiro ..................442Nishizono, Naozumi ................1702Niwa, Mineo ............................1304Noda, Keiko .............................1176Noda, Naoki .............................1749Noguchi, Hiroshi .......................566Nohara, Toshihiro ..............286, 290Nohara, Toshihiro ......................362Nohara, Toshihiro .....556, 568, 828,

879, 1062, 1223, 1354, 1826Nohara, Yukio ..........................1841Nohira, Hiroyuki ........................428Nojima, Satoshi .......................1310Nomoto, Yuki ..........................1391Nomura, Keiko ..........................344Nomura, Teruko .........................947Nonaka, Hiromi .........................552Noro, Tadataka ....................99, 516Nozato, Naoko ...........................575Nozawa, Koohei ......................1422Nozawa, Masako .............272, 1176Nukina, Manabu ......................1075Numa, Tetsuya .........................1154Numata, Atsushi ........................669Numazawa, Mitsuteru ....1215, 1359

(O)

O’Connell, Celeste E. ................740Ochiai, Kazunori .......................575Oda, Junko ...............................1831Oda, Kazuaki ...........................1702Oda, Yoshiyuki ........................1702Odani, Akira ..............................223Ogata, Atsuto .............................623Ogata, Masahiro ......................1467Ogawa, Mari ..............................301Ogawa, Masaki ........................1097Ogawa, Taketoshi ............245, 1729Ogihara, Yukio .......353, 1228, 1413Oh, O-Jin ...................................879Ohashi, Kazuyoshi .....................433Ohba, Yoshihito .............1236, 2011Ohgaya, Toyoaki ........................617Ohkawa, Shigenori ....................784Ohki, Hitoshi ...........................1667Ohki, Toshimitsu ...........1828, 1843Ohkoshi, Emika .......................1774Ohmiya, Shigeru ........................641Ohmori, Hidenobu ...........897, 1196

Ohmori, Shinji ...................673, 678Ohno, Akiko ............................1484Ohnuma, Naoko .........................749Ohsawa, Akio ..........................1524Ohsawa, Masanori .....................223Ohshima, Rie ...........................1628Ohshima, Takao .........................529Ohta, Hiroshi ...........................1148Ohta, Kiminori .........................1504Ohta, Masahiro ..........................490Ohta, Shin ................................1205Ohta, Shunsaku ........................1799Ohta, Toshio ............................1327Ohtaka, Hiroshi .........................843Ohtake, Norikazu .......................310Ohtake, Yasuyuki .......................575Ohuchi, Yutaka ........................2003Ohya, Satoshi .............................694Oida, Sadao ...............126, 694, 716Oka, Mitsuru ............................1121Oka, Naomi ...............................623Oka, Seiko ...............................1447Okabe, Hikaru .........................1387Okada, Hideaki ........................1422Okada, Kaoru ..........................1422Okada, Yoshihiro .......................752Okada, Yoshio ..................184, 1964Okamoto, Aikou ........................575Okamoto, Hirokazu ...................769Okamoto, Hiroshi ....................1740Okamoto, Iwao ..........................120Okamoto, Shosuke ...........184, 1964Okamoto, Utako ......................1964Okamura, Nobuyuki ................1782Okano, Masayoshi .....................876Okawa, Masafumi ......................286Okazaki, Tadayasu ...................1470Okoli, Ngozi D. .........................734Okonogi, Kenji ........................1935Okumura, Kazuo .....................1903Okumura, Maiko ...............220, 885Okumura, Noriko .......................537Okuyama, Emi .........................1436Okuyama, Kazunori .................1799Om Reddy, G. ............................559Omote, Masaaki ...............683, 1023Omura, Satoshi ..............1442, 1835Onchi, Yoko ...............................477Ondognii, Purev .........................353Onishi, Yuka ............................1782Ono, Masateru .........................1223Ono, Satoko .............................1545Ono, Yasuhiro ..........................1999Ono, Yukio ...........................16, 957Ono, Yukio ...............................1660Ooi, Takashi .............................1208Oominami, Hideo ....................1045Ootsu, Koichiro .......................1270Oritani, Hiroyuki .............382, 1689Osakabe, Kanehiro ....................142Osako, Yoshifumi ....................1154Osawa, Eriko ...........................1378Otagiri, Masaki ........................1264Otaka, Akira ..................1230, 1293Otsubo, Tadamune .....................882Otsuka, Hideaki

............542, 547, 752, 1084, 1234Otsuka, Mari ............................1978Otsuka, Takashi .........................334Otsuki, Michiya .........................529Ouchi, Kiyohisa .......................1264

I-16 AUTHOR INDEX No. 12

Oyama, Kazumi .........................746Ozawa, Toshihiko ......................261Özer, Ulviye ...............................870

(P)

Palmieri, Giovanni Filippo ......1105Pan, Wen-Bin ...........................1350Papoutsis, John ..........................743Park, Myung Ok ......................1921Park, Sang-Yong ........................879Pena, M. Angeles .......................179Petit, Catherine ........................1634Piacente, Sonia ........................1994Pierre, Alain ..............................150Pintye-Hódi, Klára ...................1877Pizza, Cosimo ..........................1994Podczeck, Fridrun ......................951Pouli, Nicole ..............................150Purevsuren, G. ...........................738

(Q)

Qian, Zhong-Zhi ........................828Qin, Guo-Wei ................1109, 1606Quiróz, A. ................................1249

(R)

Radi, Abd-Elgawad ...................600Rahman, Atta-ur ..............738, 1771Rakha, Tawfik H. .................41, 914Ramírez, E. ..............................1249Rao, K. V. ...................................559Ravikumar, V. ............................559Renou, Jean-Louis .....................935Riswan, Soedarsono ......1001, 1959Romero, Susana .........................175Rowell, Cheryl A. ......................740Ruangrungsi, Nijsiri ..................334Ryuo, Kazutoshi ......................1384Rzeszotarska, Barbara ...............296

(S)

Sadasue, Etsuko .......................1782Sadhukhan, A. K. ......................559Saiki, Ikuo .......................496, 1711Saito, Ikuko .............................1602Saito, Kazuki ...........................1458Saito, Makoto ............................306Saito, Naoki .............................1549Saito, Setsuo ............114, 410, 1338Saito, Yuka ...............................1894Saito, Yutaka ............................1831Saitoh, Noriko .........................1500Saitoh, Toshiaki .................91, 1854Sakagami, Hiroshi .....................687Sakagami, Masahiro ................1256Sakagami, Michiya ..................1854Sakaguchi, Akira .........................60Sakai, Kiyoshi ...............1536, 1822Sakai, Shin-ichiro ....................1410Sakai, Yasuyoshi ......................1051Sakamoto, Eishi .......................1822Sakamoto, Kenichiro ...............1644Sakamoto, Takao .......................669Sakamoto, Takao .......................982Sakamoto, Takao .....................1978Sakata, Miyuki .........................1236Sakato, Mitsuo .........................1778

Sakikawa, Hiroshi ....................1310Sakura, Naoki ..........................1166Sakuraba, Shunji ........................310Sakurai, Nobuko ......................1427Saliba, Charles .........................1768Samejima, Tomomi ...................464Saneyoshi, Mineo ......................454Sankawa, Ushio .............1051, 1101Sano, Kimihiko ..........................163Sano, Takehiro ...................91, 1854Santana, Lourdes .......................293Sasahara, Hiroya ......................1778Satake, Motoyoshi ...................1990Sato, Kazuo ...............................509Sato, Kazuyuki ................683, 1023Sato, Mamoru ............................142Sato, Seiji ...................................366Sato, Shizuko .............................779Sato, Susumu ...........................1097Sato, Susumu ...........................1978Sato, Yoshihiro ........................1753Satoh, Kazue ..............................687Satoh, Koji .................................563Satoh, Yoshinari .............................1Satow, Yoshinori ........................223Seki, Ryu-ichi ..........................1549Sekine, Toshikazu ......................278Sekita, Setsuko ........................1990Senba, Toshihisa ........................897Seo, Shujiro .............................1427Serwanis, Serwanis Fahim .......1877Setzer, Mary C. ........................1776Setzer, William N. ...................1776Sévenet, Thierry ......................2009Sezik, Ekrem ...........................1234Shan, Daxian .............................238Shen, Chien-Chang ..................1079Shen, Ya-Ching ................440, 1344Shibano, Makio .......................1281Shibanuma, Tadao .....................428Shibasaki, Masakatsu ..............1586Shibata, Makoto ...............623, 1129Shibata, Norio ..........................1954Shibuya, Hirotaka ......................433Shibuya, Masaaki ....................1051Shibuya, Miki ............................256Shigeyama, Masato ...................617Shimada, Kenji ........................1205Shimada, Yoshiaki ...................1644Shimadzu, Hideshi .....................589Shimamoto, Tetsuo ....................623Shimamura, Tadashi ................1838Shimizu, Aya .............................310Shimizu, Masato ......................1484Shimizu, Noriko ......................1413Shimizu, Tadayori ........................32Shimoda, Hiroshi .....................1039Shimura, Susumu .......................687Shin, Beom Soo ...............798, 1921Shin, Cha Gyun .......................1796Shin, Dong-Yun .......................1805Shin, Kuk Hyun .......................1786Shindo, Mitsuru .......................1529Shinohara, Yoshifumi ......436, 1898Shintani, Makoto .....................1310Shintani, Yasushi .....................1286Shinzato, Takakazu

......................542, 547, 752, 1084Shiokawa, Youichi ...................1903Shiomi, Kazuro ........................1442Shionoya, Mitsuhiko ................1745

Shiota, Sachiko ............................48Shiota, Sumiko ........................1286Shirahase, Hiroaki .....................817Shiro, Motoo ................................53Shoyama, Yukihiro ..................1803Shujaat, Shahida ......................1771Simakata, Mina ........................1854Sitaramkumar, M. ......................559Sitthithaworn, Worapan ...........1101Skaltsounis, Alexios-Leandros

................................................150Smith, Timothy ........................1740Sodeoka, Mikiko .....................1493Sogabe, Hajime ..............................1Solorzano, K. ...........................1249Somada, Atsushi ................694, 716Song, Shao-jiang .......................838Soper, David L. ........................1332Sotanaphun, Uthai ...................1347Sou, Sonei ................................1493Souchard, Jean-Pierre ..............1634Souto, Consuelo .........................458Srichana, Teerapol .....................167Srinivasa Rao, J. V. ..................1373Stampoulis, Pavlos ..................1711Stefanidou, Maria ......................743Stumpf, Walter E. ......................215Su, Yuko ....................................370Sudo, Hirokazu ..........................542Suemune, Hiroshi

................1171, 1384, 1536, 1822Sugahara, Masakatsu .................589Sugai, Soji .................................509Sugawara, Tohru ........................784Sugi, Kiyoshi .............................529Sugibayashi, Kenji ...................1807Sugidachi, Atsuhiro .........245, 1729Sugimori, Giichi ........................160Sugimoto, Hisako ....................1281Sugimoto, Naoki ......................1990Sugino, Eiichi ............................108Sugita, Daigo .............................687Sugiura, Takayuki ......................903Sugiyama, Kazumasa ..............1917Suh, Dae-Yeon ...............1051, 1101Suh, Young-Ger .......................1805Suhara, Yoshitomo .....................903Sumiki, Erika .............................261Sumiya, Shigeyuki .....................480Sumoto, Kunihiro ....................1810Sun, Ning-Yi ............................1803Sunazuka, Toshiaki ..................1835Suttisri, Rutt .............................1347Suzuki, Ei-ichiro ........................708Suzuki, Hideyuki .....................1458Suzuki, Makoto .......................1818Suzuki, Masaji .........................2003Suzuki, Noriko .........................1226Suzuki, Tomoo .........................1121Szabó-Révész, Piroska ............1877Szymonski, Barbara ...................729

(T)

Tabuchi, Seiichiro ..........................1Tachi, Masashi .........................1549Tachikawa, Eiichi ....................1205Tada, Mayako ..................184, 1964Taga, Tohru ..............................2014Tagahara, Kiyoshi ....873, 876, 1790Tagami, Yayoi ............................529

Tagashira, Motoyuki ..................575Tai, Bao-Shan ............................290Tajima, Yawara ..........................694Takadate, Akira ..........................256Takagishi, Yasushi .....................366Takahashi, Hironobu .................301Takahashi, Hiroyasu ................1493Takahashi, Hisashi ...................1667Takahashi, Keiko .......................272Takahashi, Kenji ........................817Takahashi, Maki ......................1593Takahashi, Masayuki ...............1778Takahashi, Miho ......................1447Takahashi, Miyuki ...................1822Takahata, Hiroki ........................885Takahi, Yukiyoshi ....................1148Takai, Hitoshi ............................897Takaishi, Sachiko ...............389, 505Takaishi, Yoshihisa ..................1234Takaku, Haruo .........................1310Takamatsu, Yoshie .....................687Takami, Hitoshi .........................552Takamura, Masahiro ................1586Takano, Masashi ......................1581Takano, Shuntaro .......................131Takao, Ken-ichi .......................1370Takaoka, Shigeru .....................1818Takaoka, Yuji .............................480Takasu, Kiyosei .......................2014Takayama, Hiroaki .....................903Takayama, Hiromitsu .....1410, 1726Takayama, Kozo ................325, 610Take, Kazuhiko ........................1903Takebayashi, Yukihiro .............1925Takebe, Yasushi .......................1519Takechi, Haruko ......................1702Takeda, Sunao ..........................1097Takeda, Tadahiro .....................1160Takeda, Tadahiro ...........1219, 1228Takeda, Tadahiro .....................1413Takeda, Yoshio

............542, 547, 752, 1084, 1234Takemura, Makoto ...................1667Takemura, Yuko .........................582Takenaka, Yukiko ....................1200Takeno, Ryuko ...........................131Takeshiba, Hideo .....................1148Takeuchi, Hirofumi ............585, 617Takeuchi, Isao ....................525, 755Takeuchi, Naoki ...............436, 1898Takeuchi, Yasuo .........................861Takeuchi, Yoshio ..............885, 1954Takeya, Tetsuya .........................120Takezawa, Emiko .....................1593Taki, Motohiko ..................389, 505Takido, Michio ........................1187Takiguchi, Chikako ..........623, 1129Takimoto, Masanori .................1753Takizawa, Shinobu .....................445Takusagawa, Mitsuko ................261Takushi, Anki ............542, 547, 752Takuwa, Tomofumi ....................885Tamamura, Hirokazu ...............1230Tamatsukuri, Ryouko ...............1176Tamoto, Kei .............................1023Tamura, Masakazu ...................1514Tamura, Misato ........................1023Tamura, Sadaaki ........................876Tan, Hugh T.-W. .........................339Tanahashi, Takao .....370, 415, 1200Tanaka, Akihiro .................21, 1644

No. 12 AUTHOR INDEX I-17

Tanaka, Akihiro .......................1925 Tanaka, Akira ............................920Tanaka, Hiromi ........................1843Tanaka, Kazufumi ....................1293Tanaka, Keiichi ..........................131Tanaka, Ken ...............................496Tanaka, Kentaro .......................1745Tanaka, Kiyoshi .................163, 308Tanaka, Masakazu ...................1536Tanaka, Masakazu ...................1822Tanaka, Masami .........................657Tanaka, Masami .......................1093Tanaka, Naoki ..................245, 1729Tanaka, Nobuyuki ...................1010Tanaka, Osamu ..........................889Tanaka, Shigeki .......................1310Tanaka, Takashi .........................201Tanaka, Teruo ............................694Tanaka, Toshiyuki ..........1001, 1959Tanaka, Yasuko ............................77Tani, Sayuri ................................374Taniguchi, Kiyoshi ..................1903Taniguchi, Masahiko ...............1246Taniguchi, Nobuaki ...........21, 1644Tanimoto, Tsuyoshi ...................283Taniyama, Toshio ......................889Tano, Kenji ..............................1391Tasaka, Akihiro ........................1935Tatsuoka, Toshio ......................1129Teijeira, Marta ...........................293Teng, Che-Ming .........................964Teo, Serena Lay Ming ..............1087Terada, Katsuhide ..............208, 231Terada, Yukimasa ......................349Terai, Tadamasa .........................142Teran, Carmen ...........................293Terao, Yoshiyasu ........................304Terashima, Keisuke ..................1310Terni, Patrizia ..........................1611Tetsumi, Tadahiro ......................142Teulade, Jean-Claude ...............1886Tezuka, Yasuhiro

...........................496, 1055, 1114, Tezuka, Yasuhiro .....................1711Thomasson, François .................729Tillequin, François ...................2009Tobinaga, Seisho ........81, 436, 1898Tobitsuka, Junzo ......................1148Toda, Jun ...........................91, 1854Tode, Chisato ...........................1833Todoroki, Kenichiro ................2011Togami, Junji ...........................1925Toguchida, Iwao ........................651Tohma, Hirofumi .......................445Toida, Yuka ..............................1828Tokizawa, Minoru ....................1097Tokuda, Harukuni ............876, 1190Tokutake, Norio .......................1187Tomioka, Kiyoshi ......................486Tomioka, Kiyoshi ....................1577Tomisawa, Hiroshi ...................1814Tomita, Takashi .........................330Tomoo, Koji ...............................480Torisawa, Yasuhiro ...................1593Tran, Kim Qui .......496, 1114, 1711Tsubaki, Kazunori ...........882, 1903Tsuboi, Nagisa ...........................201Tsuchiya, Tomofusa ................1286Tsuda, Masashi ................974, 1447Tsuda, Mikio ...........................1148Tsuda, Minoru ...........................447

Tsuda, Yuko .....................184, 1964Tsuhako, Mitsutomo ..........774, 802Tsujimoto, Yasuhisa ..................330Tsujita, Takako ........................1799Tsukamoto, Daisuke ................1281Tsukamoto, Tomokatsu .............769Tsukui, Akihiro .........................405Tsumagari, Hidetsugu .....362, 1062Tsumura, Mitsuyoshi .................490Tsurusaki, Yuko .......................1536Tsuruta, Yasuto ........................1782Tsutsui, Chinatsu .....................1363Tsutsumi, Nozomi ...................1524Tsutsumi, Shinya .......................389Turberg, Andreas .....................1442Türkel, Naciye ...........................870Tzeng, Cherng-Chyi ..................288

(U)

Uchida, Takahiro ...........1828, 1843Uchida, Wataru ..........................428Ueda, Haruhisa ........................1986Ueda, Jun-ichi ............................908Uekama, Kaneto ....646, 1125, 1264Uemura, Toshiaki ....................1039Ueno, Takamasa ......................1310Ukai, Shigeo ............................1793Ukita, Tatsuzo ............................589Ukiya, Motohiko .....................1187Umehara, Kaoru ........................566Umemoto, Kazuichi .................1894Umeyama, Hideaki ....................708Une, Mizuho ................................53Uno, Bunji .................................537Uraguchi, Chie .........................1782Urakami, Koji ................1299, 1894Urano, Shiro ..................1462, 1467Urano, Yasuteru .......................1514Uriarte, Eugenio ........................293Usuda, Hiroyuki ......................1586Usui, Shigeyuki .......................1793

(V)

Valentin, Alexis .......................1886Veerender, M. ............................559Veiga, María-Dolores ................793Viornery, Lionel ......................1768Viroonchatapan, Ekapop .........1101Vyas, K. .....................................559

(W)

Wada, Akimori ........................1391Wada, Koichi .................1828, 1843Wada, Koji .......................660, 1065Wakayama, Toshiyuki ................454Wakikawa, Takahiro ..................885Waku, Keizo ..............................903Wanaka, Keiko .................184, 1964Wang, Binghe ..................238, 1138Wang, Chi-We .........................1992Wang, Feng-Peng .....................1912Wang, Jih-Pyang ........................964Wang, Li-Quan ....1109, 1239, 1606Wang, Shun-Li .........................1890Wang, Wei .................................238Wang, Yili ................................1332Wang, Yong-Hong .....................641Warashina, Tsutomu ............99, 516

Watanabe, Chuichi ...................1894Watanabe, Ikuo ..........................843Watanabe, Kazuhiro ....................81Watanabe, Kazuko .....................278Watanabe, Mari ..........................802Watanabe, Mitsuo ....................1841Watanabe, Naoharu .........349, 2017Watanabe, Takashi .....................405Watanabe, Tetsuo .....................1778Watanabe, Tetsuya ...................1807Watanabe, Yasuko ....................2017Watano, Satoru ........................1154Wei, Li-Lan ................................288Wells, Eric B. ...........................1776Wong, Tin Wui ................420, 1639Wos, John A. ............................1332Wu, Hua-Xin .............................415Wu, Ming-Der .........................1992Wu, Tian-Shung ...65, 85, 357, 1006Wu, Yang-Chang ...........1079, 1350

(X)

Xiao, Yong-Qing ......................1246Xiong, Jin-Zhe ...........................290Xu, Hong-Xi ..................1087, 1367Xu, Shouhong ............................779Xu, Sui-xu .................................838

(Y)

Yagi, Akira ...............................1782Yaguchi, Shin-ichi ...................1778Yahara, Shoji ..............................290Yamada, Hisashi ......................1304Yamada, Koji .............................157Yamada, Koji .............................310Yamada, Masami .....................1947Yamada, Sachiko .....................1484Yamada, Satoshi ............1171, 1536Yamada, Takashi ......................1990Yamada, Tatsuhiko ...................1264Yamagami, Chisako .................1973Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki .................889Yamaguchi, Kentaro ..................920Yamaguchi, Takatoshi ................920Yamaguchi, Takenobu .............1593Yamaguchi, Yuuichi .................1442Yamaki, Akira ..........................1129Yamakoshi, Yuko .......................312Yamamoto, Akemi .....................278Yamamoto, Atsushi ....................480Yamamoto, Atsushi ....................832Yamamoto, Hiromitsu ................585Yamamoto, Katsumi ..................114Yamamoto, Naoko .........................1Yamamoto, Satomi ..................1474Yamamoto, Takeshi ...................843Yamamoto, Yoshinori ..............1034Yamamura, Shigeo .....................208Yamanaka, Junpei ......................779Yamano, Yumiko ...........1833, 2017Yamaoka, Teiji ...........................529Yamaoka, Yumiko ....................1378Yamasaki, Kazuo .....................1226Yamasaki, Ryu .........................1493Yamasaki, Seiji ..........................897Yamashita, Eriko ......................1391Yamashita, Masayuki ...............1799Yamashoji, Yuko ........................366Yamato, Susumu ......................1205

Yamauchi, Megumi ..................1761Yamauchi, Osamu ......................223Yamauchi, Tatsuo

..........154, 991, 1017, 1090, 1908Yamauchi, Yuji ................897, 1196Yamazaki, Mami ......................1458Yamazaki, Shigeya ....................529Yamazaki, Yasuyo ....................1051Yan, Xiaoliang ...........................941Yan, Xuebin ...............................148Yanagi, Toshiharu ......................366Yanagihara, Kazumi ................1234Yanagisawa, Isao ........................428Yanagisawa, Manabu ...............1838Yang, Chun-shu .........................657Yang, Jin-Song .........................1912Yang, Ki-Sook ...........................879Yang, Ren-Zhou .......................1109Yano, Hideki ............................1125Yano, Shigenobu ........................477Yaoita, Yasunori .......746, 749, 1356Yapi, Ange Désiré ....................1886Yasuda, Hiroshi ..........................694Yasuda, Hirotake ........................861Yasuda, Shingo ..........................399Yasuji, Takehiko ........................585Yasukawa, Ken .........................1187Yatsu, Takeyuki .................21, 1644Yeh, Si-Jung ...............................288Yesilada, Erdem .......................1234Yokomori, Sadakazu ................2003Yokota Hirai, Masami ..............1458Yokoya, Masashi ......................1410Yokoyama, Hideyuki ...............1304Yokoyama, Shoko ......................298Yomota, Chikako .......................850Yoneda, Rieko ..........................1148Yoneda, Shigetaka .....................708Yoneda, Takamitsu .....................509Yonemitsu, Osamu ...........855, 1761Yonemochi, Etsuo ..............208, 231Yonese, Masakatsu ............779, 850Yoo, Sun Dong .................798, 1921Yook, Chang-Soo .......................879Yoshida, Chosaku ......................131Yoshida, Junko .............................48Yoshida, Katsuya .....................1034Yoshida, Kenichi ........................832Yoshida, Kouiti ........................1097Yoshida, Maki ..........................1807Yoshida, Makiko ......................1843Yoshida, Sei .............................1270Yoshida, Takashi ..............687, 1190Yoshida, Takashi ......................1286Yoshida, Takuji ............................81Yoshida, Yuzo ..............................60Yoshihara, Shin’ichi ................1226Yoshihashi, Yasuo ......................208Yoshikawa, Kazuko .......1093, 1418Yoshikawa, Masayuki .......651, 889,

994, 1039, 1045, 1327, 1429Yoshikawa, Masayuki ....1673, 1720Yoshimatsu, Mitsuhiro .....145, 1395Yoshimi, Akihisa .......................817Yoshimi, Tomohiro ....................312Yoshimitsu, Hitoshi ...........556, 828Yoshimoto, Takeshi ..................1452Yoshimura, Akiko ....................1359Yoshimura, Yoshinobu .............1299Yoshioka, Kimitomo ................1778Yoshioka, Sumie ........................283

I-18 AUTHOR INDEX No. 12

Yoshioka, Yoshio .....................1270Yoshitake, Yasuyuki .................1652Yu, Lin .....................................1912Yu, Qian .....................................752Yu, Yan ........................................56Yukishige, Koichi ....................1270Yukita, Ayako ............................454

Yumoto, Nobuyuki ..................1427Yun, Young Sook .....................1990Yurimoto, Hiroya .....................1051

(Z)

Zafar, Farah Naz ......................1597

Zahid, Muhammad ...................1597Zaitsu, Kiyoshi ..............1236, 2011Zee, Ok Pyo .............................1766Zenda, Hiroshi .........................1205Zevgeegiin, Oyun ......................353Zhang, Hao ..............................1413Zhao, Wei-Min ........................1109

Zheng, Ailian .............................238Zheng, Bao-Zhong ...........855, 1761Zhu, Xing-Hua ...........................568Zografos, Alexandros ................211Zuo, Peng ...................................865

No. 12 AUTHOR INDEX I-19

CHEMICAL &PHARMACEUTICAL

BULLETINVol. 48 2000

KEYWORD INDEX

No. 1 pp. 1— 166

No. 2 pp. 167— 314

No. 3 pp. 315— 446

No. 4 pp. 447— 592

No. 5 pp. 593— 756

No. 6 pp. 757— 896

No. 7 pp. 897—1104

No. 8 pp. 1105—1248

No. 9 pp. 1249—1398

No. 10 pp. 1399—1596

No. 11 pp. 1597—1846

No. 12 pp. 1847—2020

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

2–12–15, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku,

Tokyo 150–0002, JAPAN

vii

(A)

ab initio molecular orbital method; b-lactamase;tetrahedral intermediate ..................................447

Abies sachalinensis; Pinaceae; rearranged lanostane.......................................................................1917

Abrusin 20-O-b-D-apioside; biotransformation; C-glycoside .......................................................1239

Absorption enhancer; n-alkyltrimethylammonium;skin permeation ............................................1698

Abutiloside; cholestane glycoside; Solanum abu-tiloides ............................................................556

Ac-(E)-DPhe-NHMe; (E)-dehydrophenylalanine;a ,b-dehydroamino acid ..................................296

Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus; Arali-aceae; 3,4-seco-lupane triterpene ...................879

Acetoacetic ester; tetrahydrofuran; tetrahydropyran .......................................................................1581

Acetogenin; Annona montana; Annonaceae .....11093-Acetonyl-5-cyano-1,2,4-thiadiazole; phenylpyra-

zole; indole .....................................................1603b-Acetoxy-11a-ethoxy-12-ursene; Ficus micro-

carpa; 3b-acetoxy-11a-hydroperoxy-12-ursene .........................................................................593

3b-Acetoxy-11a-hydroperoxy-12-ursene; Ficus mi-crocarpa; 3b-acetoxy-11a-ethoxy-12-ursene.........................................................................593

60-Acetylapiin; phytoestrogen; Petroselinum crispum.......................................................................1039

N-Acetyldopamine dimer; Cryptotympana sp.; 1,4-benzodioxane ................................................1749

Acetylsalicylic acid; spherical crystallization;flowability .....................................................1877

p-Acid; polymeric dicyanoketene acetal; recyclablecatalyst ..........................................................1010

Acridone alkaloid; quinolone alkaloid; Glycosmiscitrifolia ............................................................65

Acridone alkaloid; Severinia buxifolia; Rutaceae ...........................................................................85

Acrylic polymer; basic amino acid; lysine .......1828Actinidine-type monoterpene alkaloid; Incarvillea

delavayi; delavayine B ..................................1826Acyl-CoA : cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor; in-

doline derivative; anti-oxidant ........................817Acylated flavonol glycoside; Vicia amurensis;

Leguminosae ................................................1242Acylated flavonol triglycoside; Galega officinalis;

Fabaceae .........................................................281Acylated isoflavone glucoside; Pterocarpus santali-

nus; Fabaceae ...............................................1373C-Acylation reaction; quinolone; N-hydroxysuccin-

imide ester ......................................................211Acyloin; trifluoromethyl; a-hydroxy ketone ....1338Adrenergic a2-ligand; veinotonic agent; imidazoli-

dine derivative ................................................729a1-Adrenoceptor antagonist; serotonin 2 receptor

antagonist; pyrrolo[2,3-c]azepine ................1129Adsorptive stripping voltammetry; secnidazole

.........................................................................600Agonist; motilide; motilin ................................1835AIDS; HIV protease; inhibitor .........................1310Ajuga reptans var. atropurpurea; 20-hydroxy-

ecdysone; biosynthesis ...................................344Alangiaceae; Alangium kurzii; 6-O-methyl-N-de-

acetylipecosidic acid ......................................415Alangium kurzii; Alangiaceae; 6-O-methyl-N-

deacetylipecosidic acid ...................................415Albiflorin; Kampo medicine; dissolution .........1782Albuterol sulfate; lactose; Andersen cascade im-

pactor ..............................................................167

Alcohol, ether solution; Monte Carlo simulation;spatial distribution function ............................957

Aldehyde; nitrodienamine; 2-substituted 3-nitro-1,2-dihydropyridine ........................................436

Alkali labile lesion; C-49 oxidized nucleotide; lac-tam ................................................................1384

Alkaloid; aminal; norzoanthamine ...................1370Alkaloid; cigarette; mainstream .......................1990Alkaloid; quinolone; Sarcomelicope megistophylla

.......................................................................2009(6S,8R)-Alkane-6,8-diol; Compositae; flower

.......................................................................1187Alkoxylation; steroidal D-ring ketol; trimethylsilyl

iodide ............................................................12155-Alkyl-9-methyl-1,4-benzodiazepine; dual CCK-

A, -B antagonist; pancreatitis .............................1Alkylation; bidentate amine; tridentate amine

.......................................................................1529Alkylation; 2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (Ns) group;

protecting, activating group ..........................1570Alkylation; PDE 4 inhibitor; anti-asthmatic agent

.........................................................................589Alkylidenemalonate; samarium diiodide; reductive

dimerization ..................................................1799a-(Alkylthio)-a ,a-difluoroacetophenone; gem-di-

fluorination; N-fluoropyridinium ..................1097n-Alkyltrimethylammonium; skin permeation; ab-

sorption enhancer .........................................1698Allene; [212]cycloaddition; Lewis acid ............405Allene; fluoro enol ether; sulfone .....................1395Allium tuberosum; steroidal oligoglycoside; spiro-

stanol ..............................................................362AM1 semiempirical method; carbonucleoside;

purine derivative .............................................293Aminal; alkaloid; norzoanthamine ...................13703-Amino-4-fluoromethylpyrrolidine; 8-methoxy-

quinolone; micronuclei-formation ...............16675-Amino-2-nitrobenzoic acid; p-nitroanilide; solid-

phase peptide synthesis ................................1740a-Aminoalcohol; trifluoromethyl ketone; Dakin–

West reaction ..................................................1142-Aminonicotinic acid; chemiluminescence;

methylglyoxal ...............................................1236Amorphous complex; tolbutamide; 2-hydroxy-

propyl-b-cyclodextrin .....................................646Amorphous form; paracetamol; polymorphism

.......................................................................1105Amorphous lactose; temperature-induced crystal-

lization; tablet tensile strength ........................585Amphidinium sp.; dinoflagellate; polyhydroxyl

compound .....................................................1447Amphimedon sp.; sponge; bis-pyridine alkaloid

.........................................................................974Amyda japonica (turtle); higher bile acid; X-ray

analysis .............................................................53b-Amyloid peptide; double-stranded peptide; b-

turn mimetics ..................................................920Anacardiaceae; Pistacia chinensis; phytoestrogen

.........................................................................505Analog synthesis; duocarmycin SA; ketone a-ary-

lation .............................................................1558Anandamide; cannabinoid; 2-arachidonoylglycerol

.........................................................................903Anaxagorea luzonensis; Annonaceae; xanthone

.......................................................................1219Andersen cascade impactor; albuterol sulfate; lac-

tose .................................................................167Androstane bioside; Asclepias tuberosa; thiazolidi-

none-linked D5-calotropin ..............................991Anguivioside A—C; Solanum anguivi; Solanaceae

.........................................................................568

Anion-exchange resin; colestimide; methotrexate .........................................................................978

Annona montana; acetogenin; Annonaceae .....1109Annonaceae; acetogenin; Annona montana .....1109Annonaceae; Anaxagorea luzonensis; xanthone

.......................................................................1219Anoectochilus formosanus; tissue culture; glycoside

.......................................................................1803Antagonist; serotonin-2 (5-HT2) receptor; an-

tiplatelet ..........................................................245Anthracene; solubility prediction; cosolvency

.......................................................................1866Anthracycline; cytotoxicity; lipophilicity ..........150Anti-asthmatic agent; PDE 4 inhibitor; alkylation

.........................................................................589Anti-cancer activity; pyrazolo[1,5-a]indole; anti-

cancer screening ...........................................1628Anti-cancer screening; pyrazolo[1,5-a]indole; anti-

cancer activity ..............................................1628Anti-HBeAg; Kadsura matsudai HAYATA; C19 ho-

molignan .......................................................1992Anti-HIV-1 activity; mimicking peptide; CPF ...308Anti-HIV; betulinic acid; triterpene .................1387Anti-MRSA sesquiterpenoid; Ulmus davidiana var.

japonica; mansonone F ................................1805Anti-oxidant; indoline derivative; acyl-CoA : cho-

lesterol acyltransferase inhibitor ....................817Anti-platelet activity; methoxyisoflavanquinone;

methoxyflavanquinone ...................................964Antibacterial activity; carbapenem; trinem ........716Antibacterial quinolone carboxylic acid; DV-7751;

optical resolution ............................................563Antifolate; pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine; N w-masked

ornithine .......................................................1270Antifungal activity; Cladosporium sp.; pentanor-

lanostane .......................................................1422Antifungal activity; imidazole; geraniol ..............60Antifungal; 1,2,4-triazole; difluoro(heteroaryl)-

methyl derivative ............................................982Antifungal; triazole; R-102557 ..........................694Antihypertensive; potassium channel activator; 1,4-

benzoxazine ....................................................428Antiinflammatory activity; methanesulfoanilide;

chromone ........................................................131Antineoplastic; cytotoxin; diyne ......................1776Antioxidative activity; fluvastatin; 3-hydroxy-3-

methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor .........................................................................235

Antiplasmodial; 1,10-phenanthroline; quinoline .......................................................................1886

Antiplatelet; serotonin-2 (5-HT2) receptor; antago-nist ..................................................................245

Antiplatelet; serotonin-2 (5-HT2) receptor; R-102444 ..........................................................1729

Antisweet substance; Styrax japonica; jegosaponin .......................................................................1093

Antitumor activity; 1,3,5-triazine; pyrimidine .......................................................................1778

Antitumor agent; w-chloroalkyl nitrosamine; DNAcross-linking .................................................1500

Aqueous ether solution; spatial distribution func-tion; difference spatial distribution function ....16

Aqueous ethylene glycol solution; spatial distribu-tion function; difference spatial distribution func-tion ................................................................1660

1-(b-D-Arabinofuranosyl)-2-thiocytosine; enzymaticregeneration; P388 ..........................................454

2-Arachidonoylglycerol; cannabinoid; anandamide .........................................................................903

Aralia elata; Araliaceae; 16a-hydroxyhederagenin .........................................................................838

No. 12 KEYWORD INDEX K-1

Araliaceae; Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeo-fructus; 3,4-seco-lupane triterpene .................879

Araliaceae; Aralia elata; 16a-hydroxyhederagenin .........................................................................838

Araliaceae; saponin; Panax pseudo-ginseng ......889Ardisia mamillata; Myrsinaceae; triterpenoid

saponin .........................................................1413Arginine vasopressin antagonist; YM-35471; diflu-

orination .......................................................1644Arginine vasopressin antagonist; YM087; conivap-

tan hydrochloride ..............................................21Aristolochia cucurbitifolia; Aristolochiaceae; aris-

tolochic acid derivative .................................1006Aristolochia heterophylla; Aristolochiaceae;

madolin-I—M ................................................357Aristolochiaceae; Aristolochia cucurbitifolia; aris-

tolochic acid derivative .................................1006Aristolochiaceae; Aristolochia heterophylla;

madolin-I—M ................................................357Aristolochic acid derivative; Aristolochia cucurbiti-

folia; Aristolochiaceae ..................................1006Arnottin I; palladium reagent; biaryl coupling reac-

tion ..................................................................861Aromatase reaction; 16a-hydroxyandrostenedione;

4b ,5b-epoxy steroid .....................................1359Asclepiadaceae; Asclepias incarnata; pregnane gly-

coside ..............................................................516Asclepiadaceae; Asclepias incarnata; pregnane gly-

coside ................................................................99Asclepiadaceae; Marsdenia tomentosa; pregnane

glycoside .........................................................154Asclepias fruticosa; 5,11-epoxymegastigmane; as-

cleposide .......................................................1908Asclepias incarnata; Asclepiadaceae; pregnane gly-

coside ..............................................................516Asclepias incarnata; Asclepiadaceae; pregnane gly-

coside ................................................................99Asclepias tuberosa; androstane bioside; thiazolidi-

none-linked D5-calotropin ..............................991Asclepias tuberosa; pregnane glycoside;

3b ,8b ,14b ,15b ,16a-pentahydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one .............................................1017

Ascleposide; 5,11-epoxymegastigmane; Asclepiasfruticosa ........................................................1908

Ascorbic acid; autoxidation; copper ion .............908Aspartame; crystal transformation; thermal analysis

.........................................................................708Aspergillus terreus; solid state fermentation; buty-

rolactone .........................................................559Aspidiaceae; Dryopteris fragrans; phloroglucinol

derivative ......................................................1190Asp–Phe–NH2; Z–Gly–Phe–NH2; Tyr–Lys–NH2

.........................................................................374Assamsaponin; Camellia sinensis var. assamica; tea

plant ..............................................................1720Aster scaber; Asteraceae; caffeoyl quinic acid

.......................................................................1796Asteraceae; Aster scaber; caffeoyl quinic acid

.......................................................................1796Astragalus oleifolius; cycloartane-type triterpene;

macrophyllosaponin E, Leguminosae ..........1081Astragalus vulneraria; Leguminosae; flavonol gly-

coside ............................................................1994Asymmetric catalysis; Strecker-type reaction; bi-

functional catalyst ........................................1586Asymmetric fluorination; N-fluorosultam; a-fluo-

roketone ........................................................1954Asymmetric oxidation; hypervalent iodine reagent;

sulfoxide .........................................................445Asymmetric reaction; catalysis; enolate ...........1577Asymmetric spirocyclization; Lewis acid; 1,2-diol

.......................................................................1536Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation; b-glucosides;

3-hydroxy-7,8-didehydro-b-ionol .................2017Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; diter-

penoid alkaloid; 12-epi-lucidusculine 12,15-di-acetyl-1-epi-luciculine ..................................1065

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; C19-norditerpenoid alkaloid; 1-epi-neoline ...........660

Aureolic acid; multidrug resistance; C-glycoside .........................................................................575

Autoxidation; ascorbic acid; copper ion .............908Avicennia alba; naphthoquinone; phytoalexin ...3391-Azadiene; Diels–Alder; o-indoloquinone .......893Azocine; 1,2-cycloalkanopyrrolidine; ring closing

metathesis (RCM) ........................................1593

(B)

Base-pairing; DNA; borane complex ...............1745Basic amino acid; acrylic polymer; lysine .......1828Bending test; excipient; tensile strength .............769Benign prostatic hyperplasia; 5a-reductase; struc-

ture–activity relationship ................................552Benign prostatic hypertrophy; 5a-reductase in-

hibitor; indole derivative ................................382Benign prostatic hypertrophy; 5a-reductase in-

hibitor; YM-36117 .......................................1689Benzaldehyde; 2-hydroxybenzoyl hydrazone deriva-

tive; corrosion .................................................6361,4-Benzodioxane; Cryptotympana sp.; N-acetyl-

dopamine dimer ............................................1749Benzoic acid; electroporation; skin permeation

.......................................................................1807Benzophenone; Polygala telephioides; Polygalaceae

.......................................................................1354[1]Benzopyrano[2,3,4-kl]acridin-3-ol; heterocyclic

compound; [1]benzothiopyrano[2,3,4-kl]acridin-3-ol ...............................................................1380

Benzoquinone; biotransformation; microbial trans-formation ..........................................................45

[1]Benzothiopyrano[2,3,4-kl]acridin-3-ol; hetero-cyclic compound; [1]benzopyrano[2,3,4-kl]-acridin-3-ol ...................................................1380

1,4-Benzoxazine; potassium channel activator; anti-hypertensive ....................................................428

14-O-Benzoylfloridanolide; Illicium merrillianum;sesquiterpene lactone .....................................657

N-(2H-Benzo[1,4]thiazine-6-carbonyl)guanidine;Na/H exchange inhibitor; quantitative structure–activity relationship ........................................843

Benzyl alcohol; residual solvent; pharmaceuticalbulk ...............................................................1299

3,5-O-Benzylidenecyclohexanone; enantioselectivedeprotonation; chiral base ............................1545

Betulin-diacetate; oxygenation; methyl 3b-O-acetyl-oleanolate ............................................120

Betulinic acid; anti-HIV; triterpene ..................1387Biaryl coupling reaction; arnottin I; palladium

reagent ............................................................861Bidentate amine; alkylation; tridentate amine ...1529Bifunctional catalyst; asymmetric catalysis;

Strecker-type reaction ..................................1586Bignoniaceae; micellar electrokinetic chromatogra-

phy; furanonaphthoquinone ............................8732,49-Biindole; slime mould; indole pigment ........81Bilayer caplet; lamination; hydroxypropylmethyl-

cellulose 2208 .................................................678Bilayer caplet; phenylpropanolamine hydrochlo-

ride; hydroxypropylmethylcellulose ...............673Bilirubin oxidase; lyophilization; enzyme activity

.........................................................................283

(R)-BINAP–Ru(OAc)2; enantioselective hydrogena-tion; coumarin derivative ..............................1567

Bioactive metabolite; paecilospirone; marine fungi .......................................................................1452

Bioadhesion; granules; prosopis gum ................734Biological activity; NG-061; nerve growth factor

.......................................................................1470Biological isostere; herbicide; 4-isoxazolin-3-one

.........................................................................509Biological model membrane; TAK-218; ESR ....784Biosynthesis; 20-hydroxyecdysone; Ajuga reptans

var. atropurpurea ............................................344Biosynthesis; quinolizidine alkaloid; sweet lupin

.......................................................................1458Biotransformation; abrusin 20-O-b-D-apioside; C-

glycoside .......................................................1239Biotransformation; enterodiol; enterolactone ...1606Biotransformation; microbial transformation; ben-

zoquinone .........................................................45Biotransformation; microbial transformation; Piper

methysticum ..................................................1996Biphenyl ether; Curcuma chuanyujin; lignan ...1228Bisarylation; triphenylmethane; bisphenol .......1810Bisnorditerpenelactone; Mikania hirsutissima;

Compositae ...................................................1774Bisphenol; triphenylmethane; bisarylation .......1810Bisquinoline; ethylenediamine; DNA ................477Bitterness; taste sensor; human gustatory sensation

.......................................................................1843Blood brain barrier; hydroxyl radical; dimethyl sul-

foxide ..............................................................467Borane complex; DNA; base-pairing ...............1745Bovine cathepsin B; CA074; molecular dynamics

simulation .......................................................480Bovine serum albumin; dynamic light scattering;

thermal aggregation ........................................464Bovine serum albumin; sodium hyaluronate; com-

plex .................................................................779Brain radiopharmaceutical ligand; one-pot method;

diazadioxime ..................................................288a-Bromo ketone; trifluoromethanesulfonic anhy-

dride; a-bromo-a ,b-enone ...........................19992-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane; halothane;

methylbenzenethiol ........................................683a-Bromo-a ,a-difluoroallyl derivative; 3-bromo-3,3-

difluoropropene; difluoroallyl-palladium ........8853-Bromo-3,3-difluoropropene; a-bromo-a ,a-diflu-

oroallyl derivative; difluoroallyl-palladium ....885a-Bromo-a ,b-enone; trifluoromethanesulfonic an-

hydride; a-bromo ketone .............................1999Bromodifluoroacetate; copper; a ,b-unsaturated car-

bonyl compound ...........................................1023Broussonetia kazinoki; pyrrolidine alkaloid; gly-

cosidase inhibitor .........................................1281Bungeiquinone; Iris bungei; dihydrobungeiquinone

.........................................................................738Butenolide; Glochidion zeylanicum; Euphorbiaceae

.........................................................................547N-tert-Butyl-4,4-diphenyl-2-cyclopentenylamine;

FK584; overactive detrusor ..........................1903Butyrolactone; Aspergillus terreus; solid state fer-

mentation ........................................................559g-Butyrolactone; lipase; resolution ....................304

(C)

CA074; bovine cathepsin B; molecular dynamicssimulation .......................................................480

CAAX; farnesyltransferase inhibitor; peptido-mimetic ...........................................................740

Caesalpinia bonduc; Fabaceae; cassane diterpene

K-2 KEYWORD INDEX No. 12

.......................................................................1375Caffeoyl quinic acid; Aster scaber; Asteraceae

.......................................................................1796Calorimetry; hydration kinetics; sulfaguanidine

.........................................................................208Camellia sinensis var. assamica; assamsaponin; tea

plant ..............................................................1720Canavalia gladiata; canavalioside; gladiatoside

.......................................................................1673Canavalioside; gladiatoside; Canavalia gladiata

.......................................................................1673Cannabinoid; 2-arachidonoylglycerol; anandamide

.........................................................................903Cannabis; D9-tetrahydrocannabinol; gas chromatog-

raphy detector .................................................743Capillary electrophoresis; single strand conforma-

tion polymorphism; ras oncogene ..................774Carbapenem; J-111,347; MRSA ........................310Carbapenem; synthesis; intramolecular Wittig-type

reaction ...........................................................126Carbapenem; trinem; antibacterial activity ........716Carbonucleoside; purine derivative; AM1 semiem-

pirical method .................................................293Carborane; dicarba-closo-dodecaborane; estrogen

.........................................................................312Carboxymethyl chitosan; sialyl Lewis X; E-selectin

.......................................................................1256Cardenolide glucohydrolase II (CGH II); cardiac

glycoside; structure–specificity relationship ...349Cardiac glycoside; cardenolide glucohydrolase II

(CGH II); structure–specificity relationship ...349Cardiac glycoside; Erysimum cheiranthoides; Cru-

ciferae .............................................................290Caryopteris incana (THUNB.) MIQ.; Verbenaceae;

phenylethanoid glycoside .............................1075Cassane diterpene; Caesalpinia bonduc; Fabaceae

.......................................................................1375Catalysis; asymmetric reaction; enolate ...........1577Catalytic aldol reaction; enol ester; tetrakis-

(pentafluorophenyl)borate ............................1838CD-CZE; quaternary tetrahydroprotoberberine N-

metho salt; enantiomeric separation .............1790CDNA cloning; geranylgeranyl diphosphate syn-

thase; farnesyl diphosphate synthase ...........1101Celastraceae; Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum; triter-

pene ..............................................................1347Celastrus hindsii BENTH; cytotoxicity;

1b ,2b ,6a ,15b-tetracetoxy-8b ,9a-dibenzoyloxy-b-dihydroagarofuran ..............1079

Cellactose; coprocessed excipient; direct compres-sion .................................................................458

Cephalotaxus wilsoniana; cytotoxicity; taiwanho-moflavone-A ...................................................440

Chalcone synthase; stilbene synthase; cross-reac-tion ................................................................1051

Chemical synthesis; glycosphingolipid; Spirometraerinacei .........................................................1160

Chemiluminescence; guanidino compound; ninhy-drin ...............................................................1841

Chemiluminescence; methylglyoxal; 2-aminonico-tinic acid .......................................................1236

Chemiluminescence; N-(4-substituted benzyl)isolu-minol; luminol ..............................................2011

Chiral anisotropic reagent; 2NMA; conformation .......................................................................1208

Chiral base; enantioselective deprotonation; 3,5-O-benzylidenecyclohexanone ...........................1545

Chiral monophosphines; organometallic catalysis;enantioselectivity ............................................315

Chiral synthesis; tetrahydroisoquinoline; 1,3-di-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline .............91

Chitinase inhibitor; cyclic peptide; Clonostachys.......................................................................1442

Chitosan; chondroitin sulfate; gel ......................579Chitosan–alginate PEC film; coacervation; mor-

phology ...........................................................94159-Chloro-3,29-dihydroxychalcone; rat lens aldose

reductase; platelet aggregation .....................1786w-Chloroalkyl nitrosamine; antitumor agent; DNA

cross-linking .................................................1500Chlorpheniramine maleate; ion exchange; X-ray

diffraction .......................................................231Chlorpheniramine maleate; maleate degradation;

stability-indicating HPLC method ...............1205Cholestane glycoside; abutiloside; Solanum abu-

tiloides ............................................................556Chondroitin sulfate; chitosan; gel ......................579Chromone; antiinflammatory activity; methanesul-

foanilide ..........................................................131Chrysanthemum indicum; kikkanol; NO production

inhibitor ..........................................................651Cigarette; mainstream; alkaloid .......................1990Cimicifuga racemosa; 9,19-cyclolanostanol; Ra-

nunculaceae ....................................................425Cinchonain Id 7-O-b-D-glucopyranoside; Erio-

botrya japonica; Rosaceae .............................687O-Cinnamyl S-methyl dithiocarbonate; b-cyclodex-

trin; pericyclic reaction .................................1652Cladosporium sp.; pentanorlanostane; antifungal

activity ..........................................................1422Clausena excavata; furanone-coumarin; clauslac-

tone .................................................................582Clauslactone; furanone-coumarin; Clausena exca-

vata .................................................................582Clerodane-type; Jungermannia infusca; liverwort

.......................................................................1818Clonostachys; chitinase inhibitor; cyclic peptide

.......................................................................1442Coacervation; chitosan–alginate PEC film; mor-

phology ...........................................................941Colestimide; anion-exchange resin; methotrexate

.........................................................................978Combretaceae; Combretum quadrangulare; triter-

pene glucoside ..............................................1114Combretum quadrangulare; Combretaceae; triter-

pene glucoside ..............................................1114Combretum quadrangulare; cycloartane-type triter-

pene; cytotoxicity ...........................................496Complex forming ability; d-cyclodextrin; macro-

cyclic compound ..........................................1986Complex; KCA-098; DM-b-CyD ....................1264Complex; sodium hyaluronate; bovine serum albu-

min ..................................................................779Complex; synthesis; stability constant .................41Complex; 1-(phenylacetyl or phenoxyacetyl)-4-

phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide; oxidation ..........266Compositae; flower; (6S,8R)-alkane-6,8-diol

.......................................................................1187Compositae; Mikania hirsutissima; bisnorditer-

penelactone ...................................................1774Conduritol F glucoside; Cynanchum liukiuense; 11-

glucosyloxy-megastigmane ..........................1090Conformation; 2NMA; chiral anisotropic reagent

.......................................................................1208Conformation; piperazine; X-ray analysis .......2014Conivaptan hydrochloride; YM087; arginine vaso-

pressin antagonist .............................................21Coordination mode; dithiocarbazate; transition

metal ...............................................................914Copolymer structure; drug release; mechanochemi-

cal polymerization ........................................1882Copper ion; autoxidation; ascorbic acid .............908

Copper(II) chloride; N-methylamino acid; racem-ization-free coupling ......................................442

Copper; bromodifluoroacetate; a ,b-unsaturated car-bonyl compound ...........................................1023

Coprocessed excipient; cellactose; direct compres-sion .................................................................458

Corchorus depressus; Tiliaceae; cyclolanostane .......................................................................1597

Corrosion; benzaldehyde; 2-hydroxybenzoyl hydra-zone derivative ................................................636

Cosolvency; solubility prediction; anthracene .......................................................................1866

Coumarin derivative; enantioselective hydrogena-tion; (R)-BINAP–Ru(OAc)2 .........................1567

Coumarin; micromarin; Micromelum minutum.........................................................................334

Coupling reaction; retinoid X receptor; 9Z-retinoicacid analog ....................................................1391

CPF; mimicking peptide; anti-HIV-1 activity ....308Crassulaceae; Umbilicus; phenylpropanoid .....1768Cross-reaction; chalcone synthase; stilbene syn-

thase ..............................................................1051Cruciferae; Erysimum cheiranthoides; cardiac gly-

coside ..............................................................290Cryptocarya idenburgensis; Lauraceae; idenbur-

gene ..............................................................1726Cryptotympana sp.; N-acetyldopamine dimer; 1,4-

benzodioxane ................................................1749Crystal transformation; aspartame; thermal analysis

.........................................................................708Cu(II) catalysis; d-a-tocopherol; oxidation .........71Cupressaceae; Platycladus orientalis; platydiol

.........................................................................766Curcuma chuanyujin; biphenyl ether; lignan ...1228Cyanogenic glycoside; sutherlandin-5-trans-p-

coumarate; Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila.......................................................................1766

Cyclic peptide; chitinase inhibitor; Clonostachys.......................................................................1442

Cyclic peptide; neuropeptide Y; Y1-receptor ...1925Cyclic prodrug; opioid peptide; peptidomimetic

.......................................................................1138Cyclization; nickel; nickelacycle ......................1753Cyclization; trimethyl lock; linker .....................238Cyclo-triphosphate hexahydrate; phosphorylation;

b-D-glucose 1-triphosphate ............................802[212]Cycloaddition; allene; Lewis acid ............405Cycloaddition; rearrangement; furan ring-opening

.........................................................................757[412] Cycloadduct; 2-thiazolone; 2-thiazolidinone

.......................................................................15411,2-Cycloalkanopyrrolidine; ring closing metathesis

(RCM); azocine ............................................1593Cycloartane-type triterpene; Astragalus oleifolius;

macrophyllosaponin E, Leguminosae ..........1081Cycloartane-type triterpene; Combretum quadran-

gulare; cytotoxicity ........................................496b-Cyclodextrin; O-cinnamyl S-methyl dithiocar-

bonate; pericyclic reaction ...........................1652d-Cyclodextrin; complex forming ability; macro-

cyclic compound ..........................................1986Cyclodextrin; liposome; dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl

choline ..............................................................48b-Cyclodextrin; 1H-NMR; inclusion mode ..........56Cyclodextrin; prednisolone 21-hemisuccinate/b-cy-

clodextrin amide conjugate; hydrolysis ........1125Cyclolanostane; Corchorus depressus; Tiliaceae

.......................................................................15979,19-Cyclolanostanol; Cimicifuga racemosa; Ra-

nunculaceae ....................................................425Cyclopentanone; Rhodium-catalyzed cyclization;

No. 12 KEYWORD INDEX K-3

quaternary carbon .........................................1822Cyclopentyl compound; mytiloxanthin; stereoselec-

tive rearrangement ........................................1833Cyclorivulobirin A—C; Pleurospermum rivulorum;

cyclospirobifuranocoumarin .........................1246Cyclospirobifuranocoumarin; Pleurospermum rivu-

lorum; cyclorivulobirin A—C ......................1246Cynanchum liukiuense; conduritol F glucoside; 11-

glucosyloxy-megastigmane ..........................1090Cytotoxicity; anthracycline; lipophilicity ...........150Cytotoxicity; Celastrus hindsii BENTH;

1b ,2b ,6a ,15b-tetracetoxy-8b ,9a-dibenzoyloxy-b-dihydroagarofuran ..............1079

Cytotoxicity; Cephalotaxus wilsoniana; taiwanho-moflavone-A ...................................................440

Cytotoxicity; Combretum quadrangulare; cyclo-artane-type triterpene .....................................496

Cytotoxicity; Lindera obtusiloba BLUME; Lauraceae.........................................................................614

Cytotoxin; antineoplastic; diyne .......................1776

(D)

Dakin–West reaction; trifluoromethyl ketone; a-aminoalcohol ..................................................114

Decalin skeleton; Lewis acid; 1,2-diol .............1171Dehydration; lisinopril dihydrate; solid state ...1890a ,b-Dehydroamino acid; Ac-(E)-DPhe-NHMe;

(E)-dehydrophenylalanine ..............................296(E)-Dehydrophenylalanine; Ac-(E)-DPhe-NHMe;

a ,b-dehydroamino acid ..................................296Delavayine B; Incarvillea delavayi; actinidine-type

monoterpene alkaloid ...................................182614a-Demethylase; lanosterol; fluorination ......14742-Deoxy-2,3-didehydroneuraminic acid; methyl 2-

thio-N-acetylneuraminate; DMTST ...............163Desymmetrization; lipase; 1-ethoxyvinyl benzoate

.......................................................................1519Diazabicyclo[4.1.0]heptene; potassium channel

opener; prodrug ..............................................490Diazadioxime; brain radiopharmaceutical ligand;

one-pot method ...............................................2885H-Dibenz[b, f ]azepine derivative; M2 muscarinic

receptor; muscarinic antagonist ....................1611Dibucaine; 1H-NMR; lidocaine ........................1293Dicarba-closo-dodecaborane; carborane; estrogen

.........................................................................312Dicarboxylic acid dichloride; diketone; preparation

.......................................................................1196Diels–Alder reaction; 2(1H)-pyridone; dimethoxy-

1,3-butadiene ................................................1814Diels–Alder; o-indoloquinone; 1-azadiene ........893Diethylaminocoumarin; fluorophore; thiazole

.......................................................................1702Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride; fluorinative Beck-

mann fragmentation; fluorination ...................220Difference spatial distribution function; aqueous

ether solution; spatial distribution function ......16Difference spatial distribution function; aqueous

ethylene glycol solution; spatial distributionfunction ........................................................1660

Differentiation; Hydrangea Dulcis Folium; M1 cell .........................................................................566

gem-Difluorination; N-fluoropyridinium; a-(alkylthio)-a ,a-difluoroacetophenone .........1097

Difluorination; YM-35471; arginine vasopressinantagonist .....................................................1644

Difluoro(heteroaryl)methyl derivative; antifungal;1,2,4-triazole ..................................................982

Difluoroallyl-palladium; 3-bromo-3,3-difluoropro-pene; a-bromo-a ,a-difluoroallyl derivative ...885

13,14-Dihydro PGF1a; osteoporosis; sulfonamide .......................................................................1332

Dihydrobungeiquinone; Iris bungei; bungeiquinone.........................................................................738

1,2-Dihydropyridine derivative; nitrodienamine;tryptamine ....................................................1898

1a ,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1a-hydroxyvitaminD3; pharmacokinetics .....................................215

a-Diimine Fe21-complex; intercalation; Mössbauerstudy .............................................................1602

Diketone; preparation; dicarboxylic acid dichloride .......................................................................1196

Dimer; eugenol; lipid peroxidation ..................1467Dimethoxy-1,3-butadiene; Diels–Alder reaction;

2(1H)-pyridone .............................................1814Dimethyl sulfoxide; hydroxyl radical; blood brain

barrier .............................................................4671,3-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline;

tetrahydroisoquinoline; chiral synthesis ...........91N,N-Dimethylaniline; PM3; oxidation .............1378Dinoflagellate; Amphidinium sp.; polyhydroxyl

compound .....................................................14471,2-Diol; asymmetric spirocyclization; Lewis acid

.......................................................................15361,2-Diol; decalin skeleton; Lewis acid .............1171Diosphenol esterification; quassinoid conversion;

lipophilic side chain .......................................876Diospyros maritima; Ebenaceae; trinorlupane

.......................................................................1211Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline; cyclodextrin; li-

posome .............................................................48Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; liposome; soy-

bean-derived sterylglucoside ..........................610Diplazium subsinuatum; fern; hopane-triterpene

lactone glycoside ..........................................1930Dipterocarpaceae; Shorea hemsleyana; stilbene

.......................................................................1001Dipterocarpaceae; Shorea hemsleyana; stilbenoid

.......................................................................1959Direct compression; coprocessed excipient; cellac-

tose .................................................................458Disproportionation; disulfide; nitric oxide .......1524Dissolution; Kampo medicine; albiflorin .........1782Distamycin; DNA cleavage; sequence-specific

cleavage ..........................................................603Disulfide bond linkage system; insulin-like growth

factor I; somatomedin C ...............................1304Disulfide; nitric oxide; disproportionation .......1524Diterpene; Rabdosia rubescens; ent-kaurene .....148Diterpenoid alkaloid; atmospheric pressure chemi-

cal ionization; 12-epi-lucidusculine 12,15-di-acetyl-1-epi-luciculine ..................................1065

Dithiocarbazate; coordination mode; transitionmetal ...............................................................914

Diyne; antineoplastic; cytotoxin .......................1776DM-b-CyD; KCA-098; complex .....................1264DMTST; methyl 2-thio-N-acetylneuraminate; 2-

deoxy-2,3-didehydroneuraminic acid .............163DNA cleavage; sequence-specific cleavage; dis-

tamycin ...........................................................603DNA cross-linking; w-chloroalkyl nitrosamine; an-

titumor agent ................................................1500DNA topoisomerase II; etoposide; podophyllotoxin

.........................................................................486DNA; base-pairing; borane complex ................1745DNA; bisquinoline; ethylenediamine .................477Dopamine D2; serotonin 5-HT3 receptor; dopamine

D3 ..................................................................1847Dopamine D3; serotonin 5-HT3 receptor; dopamine

D2 ..................................................................1847Double-stranded peptide; b-turn mimetics; b-amy-

loid peptide .....................................................920Drug release; mechanochemical polymerization;

copolymer structure ......................................1882Dryopteris fragrans; Aspidiaceae; phloroglucinol

derivative ......................................................1190DTPA; neutron capture therapy; MR imaging

.......................................................................1034Dual CCK-A, -B antagonist; pancreatitis; 5-alkyl-9-

methyl-1,4-benzodiazepine ................................1Duocarmycin SA; analog synthesis; ketone a-aryla-

tion ................................................................1558DV-7751; antibacterial quinolone carboxylic acid;

optical resolution ............................................563Dynamic light scattering; bovine serum albumin;

thermal aggregation ........................................464

(E)

Ebenaceae; Diospyros maritima; trinorlupane .......................................................................1211

Ecteinascidin; safracin; synthesis .....................1549Electron acceptor; resorufin; glucose oxidase ....897Electrophilic fluorination; fluorovitamin D; vitamin

D–sulfur dioxide adduct ...............................1484Electroporation; skin permeation; benzoic acid

.......................................................................1807Emericella aurantio-brunnea; fungal metabolite;

immunosuppressant ......................................1436Enantiomeric separation; CD-CZE; quaternary

tetrahydroprotoberberine N-metho salt ........1790Enantioselective acetylation; lipase; total synthesis

.........................................................................272Enantioselective benzoylation; enantioselective hy-

drolysis; lipase ..............................................1176Enantioselective deprotonation; 3,5-O-benzylidene-

cyclohexanone; chiral base ...........................1545Enantioselective deprotonation; 1-phenylethyl-

amine; 1-(1-naphtyl)ethylamine .....................571Enantioselective hydrogenation; (R)-BINAP–

Ru(OAc)2; coumarin derivative ....................1567Enantioselective hydrolysis; enantioselective ben-

zoylation; lipase ............................................1176Enantioselectivity; chiral monophosphines; organo-

metallic catalysis ............................................315Energy; high shear mixer; melt pelletization .....420Enol ester; catalytic aldol reaction; tetrakis-

(pentafluorophenyl)borate ............................1838Enol ether; trifluoromethyl; vinyl sulfide ...........145Enolate; asymmetric reaction; catalysis ...........1577Enterodiol; biotransformation; enterolactone ...1606Enterolactone; biotransformation; enterodiol ...1606Enzymatic regeneration; 1-(b-D-arabinofuranosyl)-

2-thiocytosine; P388 .......................................454Enzyme activity; lyophilization; bilirubin oxidase

.........................................................................283Enzyme inhibitor; a-glucosidase; phthalimide

.......................................................................14944b ,5b-Epoxy steroid; aromatase reaction; 16a-hy-

droxyandrostenedione ..................................13595,11-Epoxymegastigmane; ascleposide; Asclepias

fruticosa ........................................................1908Eriobotrya japonica; Rosaceae; cinchonain Id 7-O-

b-D-glucopyranoside ......................................687Erysimum cheiranthoides; Cruciferae; cardiac gly-

coside ..............................................................290ESR; hydroxyl radical; scavenging ....................330ESR; TAK-218; biological model membrane ....784Estrogen; carborane; dicarba-closo-dodecaborane

.........................................................................312Ethenzamide; ibuprofen; number of contact ......1401-Ethoxyvinyl benzoate; lipase; desymmetrization

K-4 KEYWORD INDEX No. 12

.......................................................................1519Ethylenediamine; bisquinoline; DNA ................4772-Ethynylbenzaldehyde; isoquinoline; N-oxide

.........................................................................669Etoposide; DNA topoisomerase II; podophyllotoxin

.........................................................................486Eudesmane; Ficus pumila fruit; sesquiterpenoid

glycoside ...........................................................77Eugenol; dimer; lipid peroxidation ..................1467Euphorbiaceae; Glochidion zeylanicum; butenolide

.........................................................................547Euphorbiaceae; Glochidion zeylanicum; lignan

.......................................................................1084Euptelea polyandra; eupteleasaponin; gastroprotec-

tive activity ...................................................1045Eupteleasaponin; Euptelea polyandra; gastroprotec-

tive activity ...................................................1045Euscaphis japonica; Staphyleaceae; megastigmane

.........................................................................752Excipient; bending test; tensile strength ............769

(F)

Fabaceae; Caesalpinia bonduc; cassane diterpene .......................................................................1375

Fabaceae; Galega officinalis; acylated flavonoltriglycoside .....................................................281

Fabaceae; Pterocarpus santalinus; acylated iso-flavone glucoside ..........................................1373

Farnesyl diphosphate synthase; geranylgeranyldiphosphate synthase; cDNA cloning ..........1101

Farnesyltransferase inhibitor; CAAX; peptido-mimetic ...........................................................740

Fe complex; superoxide; Fe-TPEN ..................1514Fe-TPEN; superoxide; Fe complex ..................1514Fenugreek; Trigonella foenum-graecum; trigoneo-

side Xa—XIIIa ...............................................994Fern; Diplazium subsinuatum; hopane-triterpene

lactone glycoside ..........................................1930Ferula ferulioides; Umbelliferae; sesquiterpenoid

.........................................................................353Fibrate; piperidine; hypolipidemic ...................1978Ficus microcarpa; 3b-acetoxy-11a-ethoxy-12-

ursene; 3b-acetoxy-11a-hydroperoxy-12-ursene .........................................................................593

Ficus microcarpa; Moraceace; ficusal .............1862Ficus pumila fruit; sesquiterpenoid glycoside; eu-

desmane ............................................................77Ficusal; Ficus microcarpa; Moraceace ............1862FK584; N-tert-butyl-4,4-diphenyl-2-cyclopenteny-

lamine; overactive detrusor ..........................1903Flavonol glycoside; Astragalus vulneraria; Legumi-

nosae .............................................................1994Flowability; acetylsalicylic acid; spherical crystal-

lization ..........................................................1877Flower; Compositae; (6S,8R)-alkane-6,8-diol

.......................................................................1187Fluorescence emission mechanism; methoxy-

coumarin; fluorophore ....................................256Fluorination; fluorinative Beckmann fragmentation;

diethylaminosulfur trifluoride ........................220Fluorination; lanosterol; 14a-demethylase ......1474Fluorinative Beckmann fragmentation; fluorination;

diethylaminosulfur trifluoride ........................220Fluoro enol ether; allene; sulfone .....................1395a-Fluoroketone; asymmetric fluorination; N-fluoro-

sultam ...........................................................1954Fluorophore; diethylaminocoumarin; thiazole

.......................................................................1702Fluorophore; methoxycoumarin; fluorescence emis-

sion mechanism ..............................................256

N-Fluoropyridinium; gem-difluorination; a-(alkylthio)-a ,a-difluoroacetophenone .........1097

N-Fluorosultam; asymmetric fluorination; a-fluo-roketone ........................................................1954

Fluorovitamin D; vitamin D–sulfur dioxide adduct;electrophilic fluorination ..............................1484

Fluvastatin; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzymeA reductase inhibitor; antioxidative activity ...235

Free radical; superoxide dismutase mimics;tetrakis-N,N,N 9,N 9(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenedi-amine ..............................................................223

Fungal metabolite; Emericella aurantio-brunnea;immunosuppressant ......................................1436

Fungicidal activity; 1H-1,2,4-triazole; silicon .......................................................................1148

Furan derivative; oxamide derivative; plant growthregulator .......................................................1363

Furan ring-opening; rearrangement; cycloaddition .........................................................................757

Furanonaphthoquinone; micellar electrokineticchromatography; Bignoniaceae ......................873

Furanone-coumarin; clauslactone; Clausena exca-vata .................................................................582

Furoxan derivative; vasodilation; nitric oxide .........................................................................808

(G)

Galega officinalis; Fabaceae; acylated flavonoltriglycoside .....................................................281

Ganglioside; glycosphingolipid; sea cucumber .........................................................................157

Ganoderic acid g—q ; lanostane-type triterpene;Ganoderma lucidum .....................................1026

Ganoderma lucidum; ganoderic acid g—q ; lano-stane-type triterpene .....................................1026

Gardeniae Fructus; Rubiaceae; iridoid ...............746Gas chromatography detector; cannabis; D9-tetrahy-

drocannabinol .................................................743Gastroprotective activity; Euptelea polyandra; eu-

pteleasaponin ................................................1045GC/MS; thermal desorption; residual solvent

.......................................................................1894Gel; chitosan; chondroitin sulfate ......................579Gelatine capsules; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

capsules; shell dissolution ..............................951Geraniol; imidazole; antifungal activity ...............60Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; farnesyl

diphosphate synthase; cDNA cloning ..........1101Geum japonicum; triterpene; geumonoid .........1367Geumonoid; Geum japonicum; triterpene ........1367Ginsenoside; microsomal metabolite; 20(S)-pro-

topanaxatriol .................................................1226Gladiatoside; canavalioside; Canavalia gladiata

.......................................................................1673Glicoisoflavanone; licorice; glicophenone .......1286Glicophenone; licorice; glicoisoflavanone .......1286Glochidion zeylanicum; Euphorbiaceae; butenolide

.........................................................................547Glochidion zeylanicum; Euphorbiaceae; lignan

.......................................................................1084b-Glucosides; 3-hydroxy-7,8-didehydro-b-ionol;

asymmetric transfer hydrogenation ..............2017b-D-Glucose 1-triphosphate; phosphorylation;

cyclo-triphosphate hexahydrate ......................802Glucose oxidase; resorufin; electron acceptor ....897a-Glucosidase; enzyme inhibitor; phthalimide

.......................................................................149411-Glucosyloxy-megastigmane; Cynanchum liuki-

uense; conduritol F glucoside .......................1090Glycosidase inhibitor; pyrrolidine alkaloid; Brous-

sonetia kazinoki ............................................1281C-Glycoside; abrusin 20-O-b-D-apioside; biotrans-

formation ......................................................1239Glycoside; Anoectochilus formosanus; tissue cul-

ture ................................................................1803C-Glycoside; multidrug resistance; aureolic acid

.........................................................................575Glycosmis citrifolia; acridone alkaloid; quinolone

alkaloid .............................................................65Glycosphingolipid; ganglioside; sea cucumber

.........................................................................157Glycosphingolipid; Spirometra erinacei; chemical

synthesis .......................................................1160Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum; Celastraceae; triter-

pene ..............................................................1347Granules; bioadhesion; prosopis gum ................734Grifola frondosa; phytosphingosine-type ceramide;

Polyporaceae .................................................1356Guanidino compound; chemiluminescence; ninhy-

drin ...............................................................1841

(H)

H-Accepting scale; H-bonding; hydrophobicity .......................................................................1973

H-Bonding; H-accepting scale; hydrophobicity .......................................................................1973

Halothane; 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane;methylbenzenethiol ........................................683

Hepatic first-pass metabolism; itraconazole; hy-droxyitraconazole ...........................................798

Herbicide; biological isostere; 4-isoxazolin-3-one .........................................................................509

Heterocyclic compound; [1]benzopyrano[2,3,4-kl]-acridin-3-ol; [1]benzothiopyrano[2,3,4-kl]acridin-3-ol ...............................................................1380

High shear granulation; monitoring; image proc-essing ............................................................1154

High shear mixer; energy; melt pelletization .....420High shear mixer; melt pelletization; micromeritic

property ........................................................1639Higher bile acid; X-ray analysis; Amyda japonica

(turtle) ...............................................................53Hildebrand solubility approach; multiple solubility

maxima; oxolinic acid ....................................175Hinokiresinol; phytoestrogen; stereochemistry

.........................................................................389HIV protease; inhibitor; AIDS .........................1310HIV-protease; triterpene; oleanolic acid ...........1681Homoallylic alcohol; one-pot synthesis; N-oxide

.........................................................................306C19 Homolignan; Kadsura matsudai HAYATA; anti-

HBeAg ..........................................................1992Homooxacalix[3]arene; host compound; molecular

recognition ......................................................882Hopane-triterpene lactone glycoside; Diplazium

subsinuatum; fern .........................................1930Host compound; homooxacalix[3]arene; molecular

recognition ......................................................882HPLC-ED; a-tocopherol; a-tocopherylquinone

.......................................................................1462Human gustatory sensation; taste sensor; bitterness

.......................................................................1843Human immunodeficiency virus; Juglans mand-

shurica; naphthalenyl glucopyranoside ..........194Hyaluronic acid; hydroxyethyl acrylate; hydrogel

.........................................................................850Hydrangea Dulcis Folium; differentiation; M1 cell

.........................................................................566Hydration kinetics; calorimetry; sulfaguanidine

.........................................................................208

No. 12 KEYWORD INDEX K-5

Hydrogel; hyaluronic acid; hydroxyethyl acrylate .........................................................................850

Hydrogenation; 5-nitromethyl-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]-octane; piracetam-like nootropics ................1121

Hydrolysis; cyclodextrin; prednisolone 21-hemisuc-cinate/b-cyclodextrin amide conjugate ........1125

Hydrophobicity; H-bonding; H-accepting scale .......................................................................1973

a-Hydroxy ketone; acyloin; trifluoromethyl ....13383-Hydroxy-7,8-didehydro-b-ionol; b-glucosides;

asymmetric transfer hydrogenation .......................................................................2017

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductaseinhibitor; fluvastatin; antioxidative activity ....235

16a-Hydroxyandrostenedione; aromatase reaction;4b ,5b-epoxy steroid .....................................1359

2-Hydroxybenzoyl hydrazone derivative; benzalde-hyde; corrosion ...............................................636

20-Hydroxyecdysone; Ajuga reptans var. atropur-purea; biosynthesis .........................................344

Hydroxyethyl acrylate; hyaluronic acid; hydrogel .........................................................................850

16a-Hydroxyhederagenin; Araliaceae; Aralia elata.........................................................................838

Hydroxyitraconazole; itraconazole; hepatic first-pass metabolism .............................................798

Hydroxyl radical; dimethyl sulfoxide; blood brainbarrier .............................................................467

Hydroxyl radical; ESR; scavenging ...................330Hydroxylation; superoxide; nitroarene .............1532Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose capsules; gelatine

capsules; shell dissolution ..............................9512-Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin; tolbutamide;

amorphous complex .......................................646Hydroxypropyl-g-cyclodextrin; tolbutamide; solu-

bility ...............................................................793Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 2208; lamination;

bilayer caplet ..................................................678Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; bilayer caplet;

phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride ..............673N-Hydroxysuccinimide ester; quinolone; C-acyla-

tion reaction ....................................................2111a-Hydroxyvitamin D3; 1a ,25-dihydroxyvitamin

D3; pharmacokinetics .....................................215Hypervalent iodine reagent; asymmetric oxidation;

sulfoxide .........................................................445Hypolipidemic; fibrate; piperidine ...................1978Hyuganin; vasorelaxant activity; khellactone

.......................................................................1429

(I)

Ibuprofen; ethenzamide; number of contact ......140Idenburgene; Cryptocarya idenburgensis; Lau-

raceae ............................................................1726Illicium merrillianum; sesquiterpene lactone; 14-O-

benzoylfloridanolide .......................................657Image processing; high shear granulation; monitor-

ing .................................................................1154Imidazole; geraniol; antifungal activity ...............60Imidazole; 1,3-oxazolium-5-olate; trifluoroacetyl

compound .......................................................410Imidazolidine derivative; adrenergic a2-ligand;

veinotonic agent .............................................729Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; non-steroidal P450 aro-

matase inhibitor; synthesis .............................935Immobilized metal–porphine; oxidation catalyst;

oxidation of phenol .......................................1831Immunoadjuvant; lipid A analog; mitogenic activity

...........................................................................32Immunosuppressant; fungal metabolite; Emericella

aurantio-brunnea ..........................................1436Incarvillea delavayi; actinidine-type monoterpene

alkaloid; delavayine B ..................................1826Inclusion mode; 1H-NMR; b-cyclodextrin ...........56Indole alkaloid; Uncaria tomentosa; Uña de Gato

(Cat’s Claw) ..................................................1410Indole derivative; 5a-reductase inhibitor; benign

prostatic hypertrophy ......................................382Indole pigment; slime mould; 2,49-biindole .........81Indole; 3-acetonyl-5-cyano-1,2,4-thiadiazole;

phenylpyrazole ...............................................160Indole; synthesis; seven-membered ring ..........1872Indoline derivative; acyl-CoA : cholesterol acyl-

transferase inhibitor; anti-oxidant ..................817o-Indoloquinone; Diels–Alder; 1-azadiene ........893Indonesian medicinal plant; Orthosiphon aristatus;

Lamiaceae ......................................................433Inhibitor; HIV protease; AIDS .........................1310Insulin-like growth factor I; somatomedin C; disul-

fide bond linkage system ..............................1304Intercalation; Mössbauer study; a-diimine Fe21-

complex ........................................................1602Intramolecular Wittig-type reaction; carbapenem;

synthesis .........................................................126Ion exchange; chlorpheniramine maleate; X-ray dif-

fraction ...........................................................231Iridoid; Gardeniae Fructus; Rubiaceae ...............746Iris bungei; bungeiquinone; dihydrobungeiquinone

.........................................................................738Iso-grayanotoxin II; Leucothoe grayana MAX.;

lethal dosage ...................................................142Isoquinolin-3-one; protoberberine alkaloid; 13-

methylprotoberberine .....................................399Isoquinoline alkaloid; Stephania cepharantha; pro-

toberberine N-metho salt ................................370Isoquinoline; 2-ethynylbenzaldehyde; N-oxide

.........................................................................6694-Isoxazolin-3-one; biological isostere; herbicide

.........................................................................509O-(5-Isoxazolyl)-L-serine; synthesis; pharmacologi-

cal activity ......................................................278Itraconazole; hydroxyitraconazole; hepatic first-

pass metabolism .............................................798

(J)

J-111,347; carbapenem; MRSA .........................310Jasminum nudiflorum; Oleaceae; secoiridoid gluco-

side ...............................................................1200Jegosaponin; Styrax japonica; antisweet substance

.......................................................................1093Juglans mandshurica; human immunodeficiency

virus; naphthalenyl glucopyranoside ..............194Jungermannia infusca; liverwort; clerodane-type

.......................................................................1818

(K)

Kadsura matsudai HAYATA; anti-HBeAg; C19 ho-molignan .......................................................1992

Kampo formula; prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor;Tokaku-joki-to (桃核承気湯) ......................1055

Kampo medicine; dissolution; albiflorin ..........1782ent-Kaurene; Rabdosia rubescens; diterpene .....148KCA-098; DM-b-CyD; complex .....................1264Ketone a-arylation; duocarmycin SA; analog syn-

thesis .............................................................1558Khellactone; hyuganin; vasorelaxant activity ...1429Kikkanol; Chrysanthemum indicum; NO production

inhibitor ..........................................................651

(L)

Labiatae; Marrubium globosum ssp. globosum;marrubiglobosin ...........................................1234

Lactam; C-49 oxidized nucleotide; alkali labile le-sion ...............................................................1384

b-Lactamase; tetrahedral intermediate; ab initiomolecular orbital method ...............................447

Lactose carrier; surface roughness; salbutamol sul-phate ...............................................................393

Lactose monohydrate; saccharose; mannitol ......179Lactose; albuterol sulfate; Andersen cascade im-

pactor ..............................................................167Laetiporus versisporus; versisponic acid; laetipo-

side ...............................................................1418Laetiposide; Laetiporus versisporus; versisponic

acid ...............................................................1418Lamiaceae; Indonesian medicinal plant; Or-

thosiphon aristatus .........................................433Lamination; bilayer caplet; hydroxypropylmethyl-

cellulose 2208 .................................................678Lanostane-type triterpene; ganoderic acid g—q ;

Ganoderma lucidum .....................................1026Lanosterol; 14a-demethylase; fluorination ......1474Lauraceae; Cryptocarya idenburgensis; idenbur-

gene ..............................................................1726Lauraceae; Lindera obtusiloba BLUME; cytotoxicity

.........................................................................614Leguminosae; Astragalus vulneraria; flavonol gly-

coside ............................................................1994Leguminosae; Maackia amurensis; (2)-6a-

methoxylupanine ............................................641Leguminosae; Melilotus officinalis; triterpene

saponin ...........................................................286Leguminosae; Vicia amurensis; acylated flavonol

glycoside .......................................................1242Lentinula edodes; sterol; Tricholoma matsutake

.........................................................................749Lethal dosage; iso-grayanotoxin II; Leucothoe

grayana MAX. .................................................142Leucothoe grayana MAX.; iso-grayanotoxin II;

lethal dosage ...................................................142Lewis acid; allene; [212]cycloaddition .............405Lewis acid; asymmetric spirocyclization; 1,2-diol

.......................................................................1536Lewis acid; decalin skeleton; 1,2-diol ..............1171Licorice; glicophenone; glicoisoflavanone .......1286Lidocaine; 1H-NMR; dibucaine .......................1293Lignan; Curcuma chuanyujin; biphenyl ether ..1228Lignan; Glochidion zeylanicum; Euphorbiaceae

.......................................................................1084Liliaceae; Tupistra chinensis; steroidal sapogenin

.......................................................................1350Limonoid; Melia azedarach; meliacarpinin .......301Lindera obtusiloba BLUME; Lauraceae; cytotoxicity

.........................................................................614Linker; trimethyl lock; cyclization .....................238Lipase; g-butyrolactone; resolution ...................304Lipase; desymmetrization; 1-ethoxyvinyl benzoate

.......................................................................1519Lipase; enantioselective acetylation; total synthesis

.........................................................................272Lipase; enantioselective benzoylation; enantioselec-

tive hydrolysis ...............................................1176Lipid A analog; mitogenic activity; immunoadju-

vant ...................................................................32Lipid peroxidation; eugenol; dimer ..................1467Lipophilic side chain; quassinoid conversion;

diosphenol esterification .................................876Lipophilicity; anthracycline; cytotoxicity ..........150

K-6 KEYWORD INDEX No. 12

Liposome; cyclodextrin; dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine ..............................................................48

Liposome; dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; soy-bean-derived sterylglucoside ..........................610

Liposome; remote loading; pH gradient ............325Lisinopril dihydrate; solid state; dehydration ...1890Liverwort; Jungermannia infusca; clerodane-type

.......................................................................181812-epi-Lucidusculine 12,15-diacetyl-1-epi-lucicu-

line; atmospheric pressure chemical ionization;diterpenoid alkaloid ......................................1065

Luminol; chemiluminescence; N-(4-substitutedbenzyl)isoluminol .........................................2011

3,4-seco-Lupane triterpene; Acanthopanax divari-catus var. albeofructus; Araliaceae ................879

Lyophilization; enzyme activity; bilirubin oxidase .........................................................................283

Lysine; basic amino acid; acrylic polymer .......1828

(M)

M1 cell; differentiation; Hydrangea Dulcis Folium .........................................................................566

M2 muscarinic receptor; 5H-dibenz[b, f ]azepine de-rivative; muscarinic antagonist .....................1611

Maackia amurensis; Leguminosae; (2)-6a-methoxylupanine ............................................641

Macrocyclic compound; d-cyclodextrin; complexforming ability ..............................................1986

Macrolactonization; macrolide; 18-membered lac-tone .................................................................855

Macrolide; 18-membered lactone; macrolactoniza-tion ..................................................................855

Macrophyllosaponin E, Leguminosae; Astragalusoleifolius; cycloartane-type triterpene ..........1081

Madolin-I—M; Aristolochia heterophylla; Aris-tolochiaceae ....................................................357

Magnolia denudata; Magnoliaceae; neolignane .........................................................................832

Magnoliaceae; Magnolia denudata; neolignane .........................................................................832

Mainstream; cigarette; alkaloid ........................1990Maleate degradation; chlorpheniramine maleate;

stability-indicating HPLC method ...............1205Mannitol; lactose monohydrate; saccharose .......179Mansonone F; anti-MRSA sesquiterpenoid; Ulmus

davidiana var. japonica ................................1805Marine fungi; bioactive metabolite; paecilospirone

.......................................................................1452Marine product; stereoselective synthesis; protect-

ing group ......................................................1761Marrubiglobosin; Marrubium globosum ssp. globo-

sum; Labiatae ...............................................1234Marrubium globosum ssp. globosum; Labiatae;

marrubiglobosin ...........................................1234Marsdenia tomentosa; Asclepiadaceae; pregnane

glycoside .........................................................154N w-Masked ornithine; pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine;

antifolate .......................................................1270Mechanism; transition state; oxazepine .............755Mechanism; transition state; quinoline ..............525Mechanochemical polymerization; drug release;

copolymer structure ......................................1882Megastigmane glycoside; Premna subscandens;

Verbenaceae ....................................................542Megastigmane; Euscaphis japonica; Staphyleaceae

.........................................................................752Melatonin-related compound; peroxynitrite; scav-

enger ...............................................................261Melia azedarach; limonoid; meliacarpinin ........301Meliacarpinin; Melia azedarach; limonoid ........301

Melilotus officinalis; Leguminosae; triterpenesaponin ...........................................................286

Melt pelletization; energy; high shear mixer ......420Melt pelletization; high shear mixer; micromeritic

property ........................................................163918-Membered lactone; macrolide; macrolactoniza-

tion ..................................................................855Methanesulfoanilide; antiinflammatory activity;

chromone ........................................................131Methotrexate; colestimide; anion-exchange resin

.........................................................................978Methoxycoumarin; fluorophore; fluorescence emis-

sion mechanism ..............................................256Methoxyflavanquinone; methoxyisoflavanquinone;

anti-platelet activity ........................................964Methoxyisoflavanquinone; methoxyflavanquinone;

anti-platelet activity ........................................964(2)-6a-Methoxylupanine; Maackia amurensis;

Leguminosae ..................................................6418-Methoxyquinolone; 3-amino-4-fluoromethylpyrro-

lidine; micronuclei-formation .......................1667Methyl 3b-O-acetyl-oleanolate; oxygenation; be-

tulin-diacetate .................................................120Methyl 2-thio-N-acetylneuraminate; 2-deoxy-2,3-

didehydroneuraminic acid; DMTST ..............1636-O-Methyl-N-deacetylipecosidic acid; Alangium

kurzii; Alangiaceae .........................................415N-Methylamino acid; racemization-free coupling;

copper(II) chloride .........................................442Methylbenzenethiol; halothane; 2-bromo-2-chloro-

1,1,1-trifluoroethane .......................................683Methylglyoxal; chemiluminescence; 2-aminonico-

tinic acid .......................................................123613-Methylprotoberberine; protoberberine alkaloid;

isoquinolin-3-one ...........................................399Micellar electrokinetic chromatography; furanon-

aphthoquinone; Bignoniaceae ........................873Micelle; surface tension; structure .....................947Microbial transformation; biotransformation; ben-

zoquinone .........................................................45Microbial transformation; biotransformation; Piper

methysticum ..................................................1996Micromarin; coumarin; Micromelum minutum ...334Micromelum minutum; coumarin; micromarin ...334Micromeritic property; high shear mixer; melt pel-

letization .......................................................1639Micronuclei-formation; 8-methoxyquinolone; 3-

amino-4-fluoromethylpyrrolidine .................1667Microsomal metabolite; ginsenoside; 20(S)-pro-

topanaxatriol .................................................1226Mikania hirsutissima; Compositae; bisnorditer-

penelactone ...................................................1774Mimicking peptide; anti-HIV-1 activity; CPF ....308Minocycline hydrochloride; release rate constant;

viscosity ..........................................................617Mitogenic activity; lipid A analog; immunoadjuvant

...........................................................................32Molecular dynamics simulation; bovine cathepsin

B; CA074 .......................................................480Molecular recognition; homooxacalix[3]arene; host

compound .......................................................882Monitoring; high shear granulation; image process-

ing .................................................................1154Monoterpene glucoside; Paeonia obovata; tannin

.........................................................................201Monte Carlo simulation; alcohol, ether solution;

spatial distribution function ............................957Moraceace; Ficus microcarpa; ficusal .............1862Morphology; chitosan–alginate PEC film; coacer-

vation ..............................................................941Motilide; motilin; agonist .................................1835

Motilin; motilide; agonist .................................1835Moutan Cortex; Paeonia suffruticosa; paeonisuf-

frone .............................................................1327MR imaging; neutron capture therapy; DTPA

.......................................................................1034MRSA; J-111,347; carbapenem .........................310Multidrug resistance; C-glycoside; aureolic acid

.........................................................................575Multiple solubility maxima; hildebrand solubility

approach; oxolinic acid ..................................175Muscarinic antagonist; 5H-dibenz[b, f ]azepine de-

rivative; M2 muscarinic receptor ..................1611Myrica acid; oleanane acid; Myrica cerifera ....1427Myrica cerifera; oleanane acid; myrica acid ....1427Myrsinaceae; Ardisia mamillata; triterpenoid

saponin .........................................................1413Mytiloxanthin; stereoselective rearrangement; cy-

clopentyl compound .....................................1833Mössbauer study; intercalation; a-diimine Fe21-

complex ........................................................1602

(N)

Na/H exchange inhibitor; quantitative structure–ac-tivity relationship; N-(2H-benzo[1,4]thiazine-6-carbonyl)guanidine .........................................843

Naphthalenyl glucopyranoside; human immunode-ficiency virus; Juglans mandshurica ..............194

Naphthoquinone; Avicennia alba; phytoalexin ...3391-(1-Naphtyl)ethylamine; enantioselective deproto-

nation; 1-phenylethylamine ............................571Neolignane; Magnolia denudata; Magnoliaceae

.........................................................................8321-epi-Neoline; atmospheric pressure chemical ion-

ization; C19-norditerpenoid alkaloid ...............660Nerve growth factor; NG-061; biological activity

.......................................................................1470Neuromedin U; structure–activity relationship;

smooth muscle contraction ...........................1166Neuropeptide Y; Y1-receptor; cyclic peptide ...1925Neutron capture therapy; MR imaging; DTPA

.......................................................................1034NG-061; nerve growth factor; biological activity

.......................................................................1470Nickel; cyclization; nickelacycle ......................1753Nickelacycle; nickel; cyclization ......................1753Ninhydrin; guanidino compound; chemilumines-

cence .............................................................1841Nitration; S-nitrosothiol; phenol ......................1634Nitric oxide; disulfide; disproportionation .......1524Nitric oxide; furoxan derivative; vasodilation

.........................................................................808p-Nitroanilide; solid-phase peptide synthesis; 5-

amino-2-nitrobenzoic acid ...........................1740Nitroarene; superoxide; hydroxylation .............15322-Nitrobenzenesulfonamide (Ns) group; protecting,

activating group; alkylation ..........................1570Nitrodienamine; aldehyde; 2-substituted 3-nitro-

1,2-dihydropyridine ........................................436Nitrodienamine; tryptamine; 1,2-dihydropyridine

derivative ......................................................18985-Nitromethyl-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane; piracetam-

like nootropics; hydrogenation .....................1121S-Nitrosothiol; phenol; nitration ......................16342NMA; chiral anisotropic reagent; conformation

.......................................................................12081H-NMR; dibucaine; lidocaine .........................12931H-NMR; inclusion mode; b-cyclodextrin ...........56NO production inhibitor; kikkanol; Chrysanthemum

indicum ...........................................................651Non-steroidal P450 aromatase inhibitor; imidazo-

No. 12 KEYWORD INDEX K-7

[1,2-a]pyridine; synthesis ...............................935C19-norditerpenoid alkaloid; atmospheric pressure

chemical ionization; 1-epi-neoline .................660Norditerpenoid alkaloid; 7,17-seco-norditerpenoid

alkaloid; yunnaconitine ................................19127,17-seco-Norditerpenoid alkaloid; norditerpenoid

alkaloid; yunnaconitine ................................1912Nortriptyline hydrochloride; oil–water microemul-

sion; partition coefficient ..............................1623Norzoanthamine; aminal; alkaloid ...................1370Number of contact; ibuprofen; ethenzamide ......140

(O)

Oil–water microemulsion; nortriptyline hydrochlo-ride; partition coefficient ..............................1623

Oleaceae; Jasminum nudiflorum; secoiridoid gluco-side ...............................................................1200

Oleanane acid; myrica acid; Myrica cerifera ...1427Oleanolic acid; HIV-protease; triterpene ..........1681One-pot method; brain radiopharmaceutical ligand;

diazadioxime ..................................................288One-pot synthesis; homoallylic alcohol; N-oxide

.........................................................................306Opioid peptide; cyclic prodrug; peptidomimetic

.......................................................................1138Optical resolution; DV-7751; antibacterial quinolone

carboxylic acid ...............................................563Optically active antifungal azole; 1,2,3-trisubsti-

tuted-2-butanol; triazolone ...........................1935Optically active antifungal azole; TAK-456; 1,2,3-

trisubstituted-2-butanol ................................1947Organometallic catalysis; chiral monophosphines;

enantioselectivity ............................................315Orthosiphon aristatus; Indonesian medicinal plant;

Lamiaceae ......................................................433Orthosiphon stamineus; staminane-type diterpene;

Vietnamese medicinal plant .........................1711Osteoporosis; 13,14-dihydro PGF1a; sulfonamide

.......................................................................1332Overactive detrusor; FK584; N-tert-butyl-4,4-

diphenyl-2-cyclopentenylamine ...................1903Oxamide derivative; furan derivative; plant growth

regulator .......................................................1363Oxazepine; mechanism; transition state .............7551,3-Oxazolium-5-olate; imidazole; trifluoroacetyl

compound .......................................................410Oxidation catalyst; immobilized metal–porphine;

oxidation of phenol .......................................1831Oxidation of phenol; oxidation catalyst; immobi-

lized metal–porphine ....................................1831Oxidation; 1-(phenylacetyl or phenoxyacetyl)-4-

phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide; complex ...........266Oxidation; PM3; N,N-dimethylaniline .............1378Oxidation; d-a-tocopherol; Cu(II) catalysis ........71N-Oxide; 2-ethynylbenzaldehyde; isoquinoline

.........................................................................669N-Oxide; one-pot synthesis; homoallylic alcohol

.........................................................................306C-49 oxidized nucleotide; alkali labile lesion; lac-

tam ................................................................1384Oxolinic acid; multiple solubility maxima; hilde-

brand solubility approach ...............................175Oxopropaline D; oxopropaline G; total synthesis

.........................................................................108Oxopropaline G; oxopropaline D; total synthesis

.........................................................................108Oxygenation; methyl 3b-O-acetyl-oleanolate; be-

tulin-diacetate .................................................120

(P)

P388; 1-(b-D-arabinofuranosyl)-2-thiocytosine; en-zymatic regeneration ......................................454

Paecilospirone; bioactive metabolite; marine fungi .......................................................................1452

Paeonia emodi; Paeoniaceae; triterpenoid .......1771Paeonia obovata; monoterpene glucoside; tannin

.........................................................................201Paeonia suffruticosa; Moutan Cortex; paeonisuf-

frone .............................................................1327Paeoniaceae; Paeonia emodi; triterpenoid .......1771Paeonisuffrone; Paeonia suffruticosa; Moutan Cor-

tex .................................................................1327Palladium reagent; arnottin I; biaryl coupling reac-

tion ..................................................................861Panax pseudo-ginseng; saponin; Araliaceae ......889Pancreatitis; dual CCK-A, -B antagonist; 5-alkyl-9-

methyl-1,4-benzodiazepine ................................1Paracetamol; polymorphism; amorphous form

.......................................................................1105Paroxetine hydrochloride; paroxetine .................529Paroxetine; paroxetine hydrochloride .................529Partition coefficient; oil–water microemulsion; nor-

triptyline hydrochloride ................................1623PDE 4 inhibitor; anti-asthmatic agent; alkylation

.........................................................................589PEGylation; salmon calcitonin; pharmacokinetics

.......................................................................19213b ,8b ,14b ,15b ,16a -Pentahydroxy-5a -pregnan-20-

one; pregnane glycoside; Asclepias tuberosa.......................................................................1017

Pentanorlanostane; Cladosporium sp.; antifungalactivity ..........................................................1422

Peptidomimetic; cyclic prodrug; opioid peptide .......................................................................1138

Peptidomimetic; farnesyltransferase inhibitor;CAAX ............................................................740

Pericyclic reaction; O-cinnamyl S-methyl dithiocar-bonate; b-cyclodextrin .................................1652

Peroxynitrite; scavenger; melatonin-related com-pound ..............................................................261

Petroselinum crispum; phytoestrogen; 60-acetyl-apiin ..............................................................1039

PH gradient; liposome; remote loading ..............325Pharmaceutical bulk; benzyl alcohol; residual sol-

vent ...............................................................1299Pharmacokinetics; 1a ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3;

1a-hydroxyvitamin D3 ...................................215Pharmacokinetics; salmon calcitonin; PEGylation

.......................................................................1921Pharmacological activity; synthesis; O-(5-isoxa-

zolyl)-L-serine .................................................2781,10-Phenanthroline; antiplasmodial; quinoline

.......................................................................1886Phenol; S-nitrosothiol; nitration .......................16341-(Phenylacetyl or phenoxyacetyl)-4-phenyl-3-

thiosemicarbazide; complex; oxidation ..........266Phenylethanoid glycoside; Caryopteris incana

(THUNB.) MIQ.; Verbenaceae .........................10751-Phenylethylamine; enantioselective deprotona-

tion; 1-(1-naphtyl)ethylamine ........................571Phenylpropanoid; Umbilicus; Crassulaceae .....1768Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride; bilayer caplet;

hydroxypropylmethylcellulose .......................673Phenylpyrazole; 3-acetonyl-5-cyano-1,2,4-thiadia-

zole; indole .....................................................160Phloroglucinol derivative; Dryopteris fragrans; As-

pidiaceae .......................................................1190Phosphopeptide; trifluoromethanesulfonic acid

(TFMSA); thioester-mediated fragment condensation .................................................1230

Phosphorylation; b-D-glucose 1-triphosphate; cyclo-triphosphate hexahydrate ................................802

Photoaffinity label; transduction path; rhodopsin .......................................................................1399

Phthalimide; a-glucosidase; enzyme inhibitor .......................................................................1494

Phytoalexin; Avicennia alba; naphthoquinone ...339Phytoestrogen; hinokiresinol; stereochemistry ...389Phytoestrogen; Petroselinum crispum; 60-acetyl-

apiin ..............................................................1039Phytoestrogen; Pistacia chinensis; Anacardiaceae

.........................................................................505Phytosphingosine-type ceramide; Grifola frondosa;

Polyporaceae .................................................1356Pinaceae; Abies sachalinensis; rearranged lanostane

.......................................................................1917Piper methysticum; biotransformation; microbial

transformation ..............................................1996Piperazine; conformation; X-ray analysis ........2014Piperidine; fibrate; hypolipidemic ....................1978Piracetam-like nootropics; 5-nitromethyl-1-azabicy-

clo[3.3.0]octane; hydrogenation ...................1121Pistacia chinensis; Anacardiaceae; phytoestrogen

.........................................................................505Plant growth regulator; furan derivative; oxamide

derivative ......................................................1363Plasma kallikrein inhibitor; plasmin inhibitor; se-

lectivity .........................................................1964Plasmin inhibitor; plasma kallikrein inhibitor; se-

lectivity .........................................................1964Plasmin inhibitor; selectivity; structure–activity re-

lationship ........................................................184Platelet aggregation; 59-chloro-3,29-dihydroxychal-

cone; rat lens aldose reductase .....................1786Platycladus orientalis; Cupressaceae; platydiol

.........................................................................766Platydiol; Platycladus orientalis; Cupressaceae

.........................................................................766Pleurospermum rivulorum; cyclospirobifura-

nocoumarin; cyclorivulobirin A—C ............1246PM3; N,N-dimethylaniline; oxidation ..............1378Podophyllotoxin; DNA topoisomerase II; etoposide

.........................................................................486Polygala telephioides; Polygalaceae; benzophenone

.......................................................................1354Polygala telephioides; Polygalaceae; telephiose

.......................................................................1223Polygalaceae; Polygala telephioides; benzophenone

.......................................................................1354Polygalaceae; Polygala telephioides; telephiose

.......................................................................1223Polyhydroxyl compound; dinoflagellate; Amphi-

dinium sp. .....................................................1447Polyhydroxysterol; soft coral; Sarcophyton troche-

liophorum .....................................................1087Polymeric dicyanoketene acetal; p-acid; recyclable

catalyst ..........................................................1010Polymorph; TKS159; X-ray powder diffractometry

.........................................................................366Polymorphism; paracetamol; amorphous form

.......................................................................1105Polyporaceae; phytosphingosine-type ceramide;

Grifola frondosa ...........................................1356Polysaccharide; Tremella aurantia; structure ...1793Potassium channel activator; 1,4-benzoxazine; anti-

hypertensive ....................................................428Potassium channel opener; diazabicyclo[4.1.0]hep-

tene; prodrug ..................................................490Prednisolone 21-hemisuccinate/b-cyclodextrin

K-8 KEYWORD INDEX No. 12

amide conjugate; cyclodextrin; hydrolysis ...1125Pregnane glycoside; Asclepias incarnata; Asclepi-

adaceae ...........................................................516Pregnane glycoside; Asclepias incarnata; Asclepi-

adaceae .............................................................99Pregnane glycoside; Marsdenia tomentosa; Ascle-

piadaceae ........................................................154Pregnane glycoside; 3b ,8b ,14b ,15b ,16a-pentahy-

droxy-5a-pregnan-20-one; Asclepias tuberosa.......................................................................1017

Premna subscandens; Verbenaceae; megastigmaneglycoside .........................................................542

Preparation; diketone; dicarboxylic acid dichloride .......................................................................1196

Prodrug; diazabicyclo[4.1.0]heptene; potassiumchannel opener ...............................................490

Prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor; Tokaku-joki-to (桃核承気湯); Kampo formula .........................1055

Prosopis gum; bioadhesion; granules .................734Protecting, activating group; 2-nitrobenzenesulfon-

amide (Ns) group; alkylation .......................1570Protecting group; stereoselective synthesis; marine

product ..........................................................1761Protoberberine alkaloid; 13-methylprotoberberine;

isoquinolin-3-one ...........................................399Protoberberine N-metho salt; Stephania cepharan-

tha; isoquinoline alkaloid ...............................37020(S)-Protopanaxatriol; microsomal metabolite;

ginsenoside ...................................................1226Pterocarpus santalinus; Fabaceae; acylated iso-

flavone glucoside ..........................................1373Pummerer reaction; 2-quinolone; synthesis .....1854Purine derivative; carbonucleoside; AM1 semiem-

pirical method .................................................293Pyrazolo[1,5-a]indole; anti-cancer screening; anti-

cancer activity ..............................................1628bis-Pyridine alkaloid; sponge; Amphimedon sp.

.........................................................................974Pyridinium allylide; thieno[3,4-b]indolizine; 3-

vinylindolizine ................................................8652(1H)-Pyridone; Diels–Alder reaction; dimethoxy-

1,3-butadiene ................................................1814Pyrimidine; 1,3,5-triazine; antitumor activity

.......................................................................1778Pyrrolidine alkaloid; glycosidase inhibitor; Brous-

sonetia kazinoki ............................................1281Pyrrolo[2,3-c]azepine; a1-adrenoceptor antagonist;

serotonin 2 receptor antagonist ....................1129Pyrrolo[3,2-c]azepine; serotonin 2 receptor antago-

nist; SUN C5174 ............................................623Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine; antifolate; N w-masked

ornithine .......................................................1270

(Q)

Quantitative structure–activity relationship; Na/Hexchange inhibitor; N-(2H-benzo[1,4]thiazine-6-carbonyl)guanidine .........................................843

Quassinoid conversion; lipophilic side chain;diosphenol esterification .................................876

Quaternary carbon; Rhodium-catalyzed cyclization;cyclopentanone .............................................1822

Quaternary tetrahydroprotoberberine N-metho salt;CD-CZE; enantiomeric separation ...............1790

Quinoline; mechanism; transition state ..............525Quinoline; 1,10-phenanthroline; antiplasmodial

.......................................................................1886Quinolinecarboxamide; serotonin 5-HT4 receptor-

stimulating activity; structure–activity relation-ship ...............................................................2003

Quinolizidine alkaloid; biosynthesis; sweet lupin

.......................................................................1458Quinolone alkaloid; acridone alkaloid; Glycosmis

citrifolia ............................................................65Quinolone; alkaloid; Sarcomelicope megistophylla

.......................................................................20092-Quinolone; Pummerer reaction; synthesis ....1854Quinolone; N-hydroxysuccinimide ester; C-acyla-

tion reaction ....................................................211

(R)

R-102444; serotonin-2 (5-HT2) receptor; anti-platelet ..........................................................1729

R-102557; antifungal; triazole ...........................694Rabdosia rubescens; ent-kaurene; diterpene ......148Racemization-free coupling; N-methylamino acid;

copper(II) chloride .........................................442Ranunculaceae; Cimicifuga racemosa; 9,19-cy-

clolanostanol ..................................................425Ranunculaceae; Thalictrum squarrosum; squarro-

side .................................................................828Ras oncogene; capillary electrophoresis; single

strand conformation polymorphism ...............774Rat lens aldose reductase; 59-chloro-3,29-dihydrox-

ychalcone; platelet aggregation ....................1786Rearranged lanostane; Abies sachalinensis;

Pinaceae ........................................................1917Rearrangement; cycloaddition; furan ring-opening

.........................................................................757Recyclable catalyst; polymeric dicyanoketene ac-

etal; p-acid ...................................................10105a-Reductase inhibitor; benign prostatic hypertro-

phy; indole derivative .....................................3825a-Reductase inhibitor; benign prostatic hypertro-

phy; YM-36117 ............................................16895a-Reductase; benign prostatic hyperplasia; struc-

ture–activity relationship ................................5525a-Reductase; seminal vesicle; testosterone conver-

sion ...............................................................1249Reductive dimerization; samarium diiodide; alkyli-

denemalonate ................................................1799Release rate constant; minocycline hydrochloride;

viscosity ..........................................................617Remote loading; liposome; pH gradient ............325Residual solvent; benzyl alcohol; pharmaceutical

bulk ...............................................................1299Residual solvent; thermal desorption; GC/MS

.......................................................................1894Resolution; g-butyrolactone; lipase ...................304Resorufin; electron acceptor; glucose oxidase ...8979Z-Retinoic acid analog; retinoid X receptor; cou-

pling reaction ................................................1391Retinoic acid receptor; retinoid; retinoid X receptor

.......................................................................1504Retinoid X receptor; 9Z-retinoic acid analog; cou-

pling reaction ................................................1391Retinoid X receptor; retinoid; retinoic acid receptor

.......................................................................1504Retinoid; retinoic acid receptor; retinoid X receptor

.......................................................................1504Rhodium-catalyzed cyclization; quaternary carbon;

cyclopentanone .............................................1822Rhodopsin; transduction path; photoaffinity label

.......................................................................1399Ring closing metathesis (RCM); 1,2-cyclo-

alkanopyrrolidine; azocine ...........................1593Rosaceae; Eriobotrya japonica; cinchonain Id 7-O-

b-D-glucopyranoside ......................................687Rubiaceae; Gardeniae Fructus; iridoid ...............746Rutaceae; Severinia buxifolia; acridone alkaloid

...........................................................................85

(S)

Saccharose; lactose monohydrate; mannitol ......179Safracin; ecteinascidin; synthesis .....................1549Salbutamol sulphate; surface roughness; lactose

carrier .............................................................393Salicylic acid; scandium; stability constant .......870Salmon calcitonin; PEGylation; pharmacokinetics

.......................................................................1921Samarium diiodide; alkylidenemalonate; reductive

dimerization ..................................................1799Saponin; Panax pseudo-ginseng; Araliaceae .....889Sarcomelicope megistophylla; quinolone; alkaloid

.......................................................................2009Sarcophyton trocheliophorum; soft coral; polyhy-

droxysterol ....................................................1087Scandium; salicylic acid; stability constant .......870Scavenger; peroxynitrite; melatonin-related com-

pound ..............................................................261Scavenging; ESR; hydroxyl radical ....................330Sea cucumber; glycosphingolipid; ganglioside

.........................................................................157Secnidazole; adsorptive stripping voltammetry

.........................................................................600Secoiridoid glucoside; Jasminum nudiflorum;

Oleaceae .......................................................1200E-selectin; sialyl Lewis X; carboxymethyl chitosan

.......................................................................1256Selectivity; plasmin inhibitor; plasma kallikrein in-

hibitor ...........................................................1964Selectivity; plasmin inhibitor; structure–activity re-

lationship ........................................................184Self-association; surface tension; simple ring com-

pound ..............................................................298Seminal vesicle; 5a-reductase; testosterone conver-

sion ...............................................................1249Sequence-specific cleavage; DNA cleavage; dis-

tamycin ...........................................................603Serotonin 2 receptor antagonist; a1-adrenoceptor

antagonist; pyrrolo[2,3-c]azepine ................1129Serotonin 2 receptor antagonist; pyrrolo[3,2-c]-

azepine; SUN C5174 ......................................623Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor; dopamine D2; dopamine

D3 ..................................................................1847Serotonin 5-HT4 receptor-stimulating activity;

quinolinecarboxamide; structure–activity rela-tionship .........................................................2003

Serotonin-2 (5-HT2) receptor; antiplatelet; antago-nist ..................................................................245

Serotonin-2 (5-HT2) receptor; antiplatelet; R-102444 ..........................................................1729

Sesquiterpene lactone; Illicium merrillianum; 14-O-benzoylfloridanolide ...................................657

Sesquiterpenoid glycoside; Ficus pumila fruit; eu-desmane ............................................................77

Sesquiterpenoid; Ferula ferulioides; Umbelliferae .........................................................................353

Seven-membered ring; synthesis; indole ..........1872Severinia buxifolia; Rutaceae; acridone alkaloid

...........................................................................85Shell dissolution; gelatine capsules; hydroxypropyl

methylcellulose capsules ................................951Shorea hemsleyana; Dipterocarpaceae; stilbene

.......................................................................1001Shorea hemsleyana; Dipterocarpaceae; stilbenoid

.......................................................................1959Sialyl Lewis X; E-selectin; carboxymethyl chitosan

.......................................................................1256Silicon; fungicidal activity; 1H-1,2,4-triazole

.......................................................................1148

No. 12 KEYWORD INDEX K-9

Simple ring compound; surface tension; self-associ-ation ................................................................298

Single strand conformation polymorphism; capil-lary electrophoresis; ras oncogene .................774

Skin permeation; n-alkyltrimethylammonium; ab-sorption enhancer .........................................1698

Skin permeation; electroporation; benzoic acid .......................................................................1807

Slime mould; indole pigment; 2,49-biindole ........81Smooth muscle contraction; neuromedin U; struc-

ture–activity relationship ..............................1166Sodium hyaluronate; bovine serum albumin; com-

plex .................................................................779Soft coral; Sarcophyton trocheliophorum; polyhy-

droxysterol ....................................................1087Solanaceae; Solanum anguivi; anguivioside A—C

.........................................................................568Solanaceae; Solanum nigrum; steroidal saponin

.......................................................................1062Solanum abutiloides; cholestane glycoside; abutilo-

side .................................................................556Solanum anguivi; Solanaceae; anguivioside A—C

.........................................................................568Solanum nigrum; Solanaceae; steroidal saponin

.......................................................................1062Solid state fermentation; Aspergillus terreus; buty-

rolactone .........................................................559Solid state; lisinopril dihydrate; dehydration ...1890Solid-phase peptide synthesis; p-nitroanilide; 5-

amino-2-nitrobenzoic acid ...........................1740Solubility prediction; anthracene; cosolvency

.......................................................................1866Solubility; tolbutamide; hydroxypropyl-g-cyclodex-

trin ..................................................................793Somatomedin C; insulin-like growth factor I; disul-

fide bond linkage system ..............................1304Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila; cyanogenic gly-

coside; sutherlandin-5-trans-p-coumarate ....1766Soybean-derived sterylglucoside; liposome; di-

palmitoylphosphatidylcholine ........................610Spatial distribution function; aqueous ether solu-

tion; difference spatial distribution function ....16Spatial distribution function; aqueous ethylene gly-

col solution; difference spatial distribution func-tion ................................................................1660

Spatial distribution function; Monte Carlo simula-tion; alcohol, ether solution ............................957

Spectroelectrochemistry; tetracyanoethylene dian-ion; structural property ...................................537

Spherical crystallization; acetylsalicylic acid;flowability .....................................................1877

Spirometra erinacei; glycosphingolipid; chemicalsynthesis .......................................................1160

Spirostanol; Allium tuberosum; steroidal oligogly-coside ..............................................................362

Sponge; Amphimedon sp.; bis-pyridine alkaloid .........................................................................974

Squarroside; Thalictrum squarrosum; Ranuncu-laceae ..............................................................828

Stability constant; complexe; synthesis ................41Stability constant; salicylic acid; scandium .......870Stability-indicating HPLC method; maleate degra-

dation; chlorpheniramine maleate ................1205Staminane-type diterpene; Orthosiphon stamineus;

Vietnamese medicinal plant .........................1711Staphyleaceae; Euscaphis japonica; megastigmane

.........................................................................752Stephania cepharantha; isoquinoline alkaloid; pro-

toberberine N-metho salt ................................370Stereochemistry; phytoestrogen; hinokiresinol

.........................................................................389

Stereoselective rearrangement; mytiloxanthin; cy-clopentyl compound .....................................1833

Stereoselective synthesis; marine product; protect-ing group ......................................................1761

Steroid; xestobergsterol A; synthesis ...............1480Steroidal D-ring ketol; trimethylsilyl iodide;

alkoxylation ..................................................1215Steroidal oligoglycoside; Allium tuberosum;

spirostanol ......................................................362Steroidal sapogenin; Tupistra chinensis; Liliaceae

.......................................................................1350Steroidal saponin; Solanum nigrum; Solanaceae

.......................................................................1062Sterol; Lentinula edodes; Tricholoma matsutake

.........................................................................749Stilbene synthase; chalcone synthase; cross-reac-

tion ................................................................1051Stilbene; Shorea hemsleyana; Dipterocarpaceae

.......................................................................1001Stilbenoid; Shorea hemsleyana; Dipterocarpaceae

.......................................................................1959Strecker-type reaction; asymmetric catalysis; bi-

functional catalyst ........................................1586Structural property; tetracyanoethylene dianion;

spectroelectrochemistry ..................................537Structure; surface tension; micelle .....................947Structure; Tremella aurantia; polysaccharide ...1793Structure–activity relationship; neuromedin U;

smooth muscle contraction ...........................1166Structure–activity relationship; plasmin inhibitor;

selectivity .......................................................184Structure–activity relationship; quinolinecarboxam-

ide; serotonin 5-HT4 receptor-stimulating activity.......................................................................2003

Structure–activity relationship; 5a-reductase; be-nign prostatic hyperplasia ..............................552

Structure–specificity relationship; cardenolide glu-cohydrolase II (CGH II); cardiac glycoside ...349

Styrax japonica; jegosaponin; antisweet substance .......................................................................1093

N-(4-Substituted benzyl)isoluminol; chemilumines-cence; luminol ..............................................2011

2-Substituted 3-nitro-1,2-dihydropyridine; nitrodi-enamine; aldehyde ..........................................436

Sulfaguanidine; hydration kinetics; calorimetry .........................................................................208

Sulfonamide; osteoporosis; 13,14-dihydro PGF1a.......................................................................1332

Sulfone; allene; fluoro enol ether .....................1395Sulfoxide; asymmetric oxidation; hypervalent io-

dine reagent ....................................................445SUN C5174; serotonin 2 receptor antagonist;

pyrrolo[3,2-c]azepine .....................................623Superoxide dismutase mimics; tetrakis-

N,N,N 9,N 9(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine;free radical ......................................................223

Superoxide; Fe-TPEN; Fe complex ..................1514Superoxide; nitroarene; hydroxylation .............1532Surface roughness; lactose carrier; salbutamol sul-

phate ...............................................................393Surface tension; micelle; structure .....................947Surface tension; self-association; simple ring com-

pound ..............................................................298Sutherlandin-5-trans-p-coumarate; cyanogenic gly-

coside; Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila .....1766Sweet lupin; quinolizidine alkaloid; biosynthesis

.......................................................................1458Synthesis; carbapenem; intramolecular Wittig-type

reaction ...........................................................126Synthesis; complexe; stability constant ................41Synthesis; ecteinascidin; safracin .....................1549

Synthesis; indole; seven-membered ring ..........1872Synthesis; O-(5-isoxazolyl)-L-serine; pharmacologi-

cal activity ......................................................278Synthesis; non-steroidal P450 aromatase inhibitor;

imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ...................................935Synthesis; Pummerer reaction; 2-quinolone ....1854Synthesis; xestobergsterol A; steroid ...............1480

(T)

Tablet tensile strength; amorphous lactose; temper-ature-induced crystallization ..........................585

Taiwanhomoflavone-A; Cephalotaxus wilsoniana;cytotoxicity .....................................................440

Taiwania cryptomerioides; Taxodiaceae; tri-norditerpene ...................................................597

TAK-218; ESR; biological model membrane ....784TAK-456; optically active antifungal azole; 1,2,3-

trisubstituted-2-butanol ................................1947Tannin; Paeonia obovata; monoterpene glucoside

.........................................................................201Taste sensor; bitterness; human gustatory sensation

.......................................................................1843Taxaceace; Taxus mairei; taxane diterpene ......1344Taxane diterpene; Taxus mairei; Taxaceace .....1344Taxodiaceae; Taiwania cryptomerioides; trinor-

diterpene .........................................................597Taxus mairei; Taxaceace; taxane diterpene ......1344Tea plant; assamsaponin; Camellia sinensis var. as-

samica ..........................................................1720Telephiose; Polygala telephioides; Polygalaceae

.......................................................................1223Temperature-induced crystallization; amorphous

lactose; tablet tensile strength ........................585Tensile strength; bending test; excipient ............769Testosterone conversion; seminal vesicle; 5a-re-

ductase ..........................................................12491b ,2b ,6a ,15b -Tetracetoxy-8b ,9a -dibenzoyloxy-b -

dihydroagarofuran; Celastrus hindsii BENTH; cy-totoxicity .......................................................1079

Tetracyanoethylene dianion; spectroelectrochem-istry; structural property .................................537

Tetrahedral intermediate; b-lactamase; ab initiomolecular orbital method ...............................447

D9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; cannabis; gas chroma-tography detector ............................................743

Tetrahydrofuran; tetrahydropyran; acetoacetic ester .......................................................................1581

Tetrahydroisoquinoline; 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydroisoquinoline; chiral synthesis ..................91

Tetrahydropyran; tetrahydrofuran; acetoacetic ester .......................................................................1581

Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate; catalytic aldolreaction; enol ester .......................................1838

Tetrakis-N,N,N 9,N 9(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenedi-amine; superoxide dismutase mimics; free radical.........................................................................223

Thalictrum squarrosum; squarroside; Ranuncu-laceae ..............................................................828

Thermal aggregation; bovine serum albumin; dy-namic light scattering .....................................464

Thermal analysis; aspartame; crystal transformation.........................................................................708

Thermal desorption; GC/MS; residual solvent .......................................................................1894

Thiazole; fluorophore; diethylaminocoumarin .......................................................................1702

Thiazolidinone-linked D5-calotropin; Asclepiastuberosa; androstane bioside ..........................991

2-Thiazolidinone; 2-thiazolone; [412] cycloadduct .......................................................................1541

K-10 KEYWORD INDEX No. 12

2-Thiazolone; [412] cycloadduct; 2-thiazolidinone .......................................................................1541

Thieno[3,4-b]indolizine; 3-vinylindolizine; pyri-dinium allylide ................................................865

Thioester-mediated fragment condensation; phos-phopeptide; trifluoromethanesulfonic acid(TFMSA) ......................................................1230

Tiliaceae; Corchorus depressus; cyclolanostane .......................................................................1597

Tissue culture; Anoectochilus formosanus; glyco-side ...............................................................1803

TKS159; polymorph; X-ray powder diffractometry .........................................................................366

d-a-Tocopherol; oxidation; Cu(II) catalysis ........71a-Tocopherol; a-tocopherylquinone; HPLC-ED

.......................................................................1462a-Tocopherylquinone; a-tocopherol; HPLC-ED

.......................................................................1462Tokaku-joki-to (桃核承気湯); prolyl endopeptidase

inhibitor; Kampo formula ............................1055Tolbutamide; 2-hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin;

amorphous complex .......................................646Tolbutamide; hydroxypropyl-g-cyclodextrin; solu-

bility ...............................................................793Total synthesis; enantioselective acetylation; lipase

.........................................................................272Total synthesis; oxopropaline G; oxopropaline D

.........................................................................108Transduction path; photoaffinity label; rhodopsin

.......................................................................1399Transition metal; dithiocarbazate; coordination

mode ...............................................................914Transition state; mechanism; oxazepine ............755Transition state; mechanism; quinoline .............525Tremella aurantia; polysaccharide; structure ...17931,3,5-Triazine; pyrimidine; antitumor activity

.......................................................................17781,2,4-Triazole; antifungal; difluoro(heteroaryl)-

methyl derivative ............................................982Triazole; antifungal; R-102557 ..........................6941H-1,2,4-Triazole; fungicidal activity; silicon

.......................................................................1148Triazolone; optically active antifungal azole; 1,2,3-

trisubstituted-2-butanol ................................1935Tricholoma matsutake; sterol; Lentinula edodes

.........................................................................749Tridentate amine; alkylation; bidentate amine

.......................................................................1529Trifluoroacetyl compound; imidazole; 1,3-oxazo-

lium-5-olate ....................................................410Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA); phospho-

peptide; thioester-mediated fragment condensa-tion ................................................................1230

Trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride; a-bromo ke-tone; a-bromo-a ,b-enone ............................1999

Trifluoromethyl ketone; a-aminoalcohol; Dakin–West reaction ..................................................114

Trifluoromethyl; acyloin; a-hydroxy ketone ....1338Trifluoromethyl; enol ether; vinyl sulfide ..........145Trigonella foenum-graecum; trigoneoside Xa—

XIIIa; fenugreek .............................................994Trigoneoside Xa—XIIIa; Trigonella foenum-grae-

cum; fenugreek ...............................................994Trimethyl lock; cyclization; linker .....................238Trimethylsilyl iodide; steroidal D-ring ketol;

alkoxylation ..................................................1215Trinem; carbapenem; antibacterial activity ........716Trinorditerpene; Taiwania cryptomerioides; Taxodi-

aceae ...............................................................597Trinorlupane; Diospyros maritima; Ebenaceae

.......................................................................1211Triphenylmethane; bisarylation; bisphenol ......18101,2,3-Trisubstituted-2-butanol; optically active anti-

fungal azole; triazolone ................................19351,2,3-Trisubstituted-2-butanol; TAK-456; optically

active antifungal azole ..................................1947Triterpene glucoside; Combretum quadrangulare;

Combretaceae ...............................................1114Triterpene saponin; Melilotus officinalis; Legumi-

nosae ...............................................................286Triterpene; anti-HIV; betulinic acid .................1387Triterpene; Geum japonicum; geumonoid .......1367Triterpene; HIV-protease; oleanolic acid .........1681Triterpene; Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum; Celas-

traceae ..........................................................1347Triterpenoid saponin; Ardisia mamillata; Myrsi-

naceae ...........................................................1413Triterpenoid; Paeonia emodi; Paeoniaceae ......1771Tryptamine; nitrodienamine; 1,2-dihydropyridine

derivative ......................................................1898Tupistra chinensis; Liliaceae; steroidal sapogenin

.......................................................................1350b-Turn mimetics; double-stranded peptide; b-amy-

loid peptide .....................................................920Tyr–Lys–NH2; Z–Gly–Phe–NH2; Asp–Phe–NH2

.........................................................................374

(U)

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; anti-MRSAsesquiterpenoid; mansonone F .....................1805

Umbelliferae; Ferula ferulioides; sesquiterpenoid .........................................................................353

Umbilicus; Crassulaceae; phenylpropanoid .....1768Uncaria tomentosa; indole alkaloid; Uña de Gato

(Cat’s Claw) ..................................................1410a ,b-Unsaturated carbonyl compound; bromodifluo-

roacetate; copper ..........................................1023Uña de Gato (Cat’s Claw); indole alkaloid; Uncaria

tomentosa .....................................................1410

(V)

Vasodilation; furoxan derivative; nitric oxide .....808Vasorelaxant activity; hyuganin; khellactone ...1429Veinotonic agent; adrenergic a2-ligand; imidazoli-

dine derivative ................................................729Verbenaceae; Caryopteris incana (THUNB.) MIQ.;

phenylethanoid glycoside .............................1075Verbenaceae; Premna subscandens; megastigmane

glycoside .........................................................542Versisponic acid; Laetiporus versisporus; laetipo-

side ...............................................................1418Vicia amurensis; Leguminosae; acylated flavonol

glycoside .......................................................1242Vietnamese medicinal plant; Orthosiphon sta-

mineus; staminane-type diterpene ................1711Vinyl sulfide; trifluoromethyl; enol ether ...........1453-Vinylindolizine; thieno[3,4-b]indolizine; pyri-

dinium allylide ................................................865Viscosity; minocycline hydrochloride; release rate

constant ..........................................................617Vitamin D–sulfur dioxide adduct; fluorovitamin D;

electrophilic fluorination ..............................1484

(X)

X-Ray analysis; higher bile acid; Amyda japonica(turtle) ...............................................................53

X-Ray analysis; piperazine; conformation .......2014X-Ray diffraction; chlorpheniramine maleate; ion

exchange .........................................................231X-Ray powder diffractometry; TKS159; polymorph

.........................................................................366Xanthone; Anaxagorea luzonensis; Annonaceae

.......................................................................1219Xestobergsterol A; steroid; synthesis ...............1480

(Y)

Y1-Receptor; neuropeptide Y; cyclic peptide ...1925YM-35471; arginine vasopressin antagonist; difluo-

rination .........................................................1644YM-36117; 5a-reductase inhibitor; benign prosta-

tic hypertrophy .............................................1689YM087; conivaptan hydrochloride; arginine vaso-

pressin antagonist .............................................21Yunnaconitine; norditerpenoid alkaloid; 7,17-seco-

norditerpenoid alkaloid ................................1912

(Z)

Z–Gly–Phe–NH2; Tyr–Lys–NH2; Asp–Phe–NH2

.........................................................................374

No. 12 KEYWORD INDEX K-11