chemical pathways chapter 9 section 1 name:___________________________________
TRANSCRIPT
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Chemical Pathways
Chapter 9 Section 1
Name:___________________________________
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Each of our bodies has a different way to let us know when we are hungry. Food serves as a source of raw materials from which
__________________________.
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A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of ______________
___________________.
1 gram of sugar releases _______ calories of
heat energy.
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The breakdown of food begins with the process called _______________________.
When we consume food, our bodies breakdown food__________________________________.
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Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 2
Glycolysis
Video Chapter 9B.mpg
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Glycolysis comes from the Greek word glukus meaning ____________ and the Latin word lysis means ______________________.
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1st step of glycolysis
See animation of glycolysis
2nd step Splitting of Glucose
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3rd Step of Glycolysis – Energy Generation
.
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Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half producing two molecules of ______________________.
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• GLYCOLYSIS
• Happens in ______________ of cell
• Four electrons are passed to an electron carrier called _______________
• NAD+ accepts electrons to make
__________
• _______ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
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HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS require a special carrier, too
• ____________ is one• of the carriers that• cells use to transport• high energy electrons.
________ + _____ + _____ → ____________
_______= nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
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Go to Section:
GlucoseGlycolysis
Cytoplasm
Pyruvic acid
Electrons carried in NADH
Krebs Cycle
Electrons carried in
NADH and FADH2 Electron
Transport Chain
Mitochondrion
Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview
Mitochondrion
Section 9-1
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Go to Section:
Glucose
To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
2 Pyruvic acid
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•NADH holds the electron until _________________________________________.
• The energy yield from glycolysis is __________.
•The process is so fast that cells can produce thousands of ATP molecules in __________________. •Besides speed, glycolysis does _________________. •Without NAD+, the cell cannot keep glycolysis going, and ______________________________.
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Following Glycolysis when oxygen is absent:
If oxygen is not present, a cell begins with glycolysis and continues with a different pathway called fermentation.
There are two types of fermentation:
•________________
•________________
During fermentation NADH converts to _________.
This is an ______________ process.
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Alcoholic Fermentation
Used in bread production (leavened bread) uses yeast to raise the bread. Yeast uses sugar and gives off carbon dioxide. The alcohol generated cooks out of the bread when baking.
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Go to Section:
Glucose Pyruvic acidLactic acid
Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation
Section 9-1
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
When you exercise vigorously by running/swimming, your muscle cells need oxygen. When there is not enough oxygen, your body can’t produce all the ATP that it needs. Your muscles begin to generate ATP by lactic acid fermentation. This buildup causes a painful burning sensation. This is why muscles feel sore or you get a side ache. You need to breathe to reverse the lactic acid fermentation to cellular respiration.
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
Unicellular organisms produce lactic acid as a waste product during fermentation.
Prokaryotes (good bacteria) are used in the production of a wide variety of foods and beverages such as cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream, pickles, sauerkraut, and kimchi.
All of the above foods are produced using lactic acid fermentation.
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Go to Section:
Glucose
Glycolysis Krebs cycle
Electrontransport
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid
Chemical Pathways
Section 9-1