chemical equations 11/24/14. chemical equations starting materials called reactants are shown on the...
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![Page 1: Chemical Equations 11/24/14. Chemical equations Starting materials called reactants are shown on the left of the arrow Ending materials called products](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022072016/56649ef55503460f94c087fa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chemical Equations
11/24/14
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Chemical equations
• Starting materials called reactants are shown on the left of the arrow
• Ending materials called products are shown on right of the arrow
NaCl + KOH NaOH + KCl
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Diatomic elements
• Some elements always come as a pair of atoms when in element form
• H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
• Other elements sometimes come in unique amounts such as S8 and P4
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Subscripts vs. Coefficients
• Subscripts are used to make stable compounds. They show how the elements bond with each other.– H2O and H2O2
• Coefficients tell how many of the compound are involved in the reaction.
• 2 H2O
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Chemical equation symbols
• yields• reversible reaction • heat Δ reactants are heated• Pressure pressure exceeding atmospheric
pressure is used• Catalyst a catalyst is used to speed up the rate of
reaction
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Compounds
• If the name uses prefixes it is a covalent compound. Determine subscripts using prefixes
• If the name does not use prefixes it is an ionic compound. Look up charges and criss cross to find subscripts
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Compounds
• If the name of the compound doesn’t end in –ide, it includes a polyatomic ion. Put it in parenthesis and then criss cross charges.
• Sulfate= SO4-2
• Hydroxide= OH-1
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Compounds
• with special names:– Ammonia= NH3
– Hydrogen peroxide= H2O2
• Acids:– Sulfuric= H2SO4
– Hydrochloric=HCl– Nitric= HNO3
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States of matter symbols
• (s) solid• (l) liquid• (g) gas• (aq) aqueous; dissolved in water• solid, precipitate product• gaseous product