Chemical Aspects of GLOBEC-Chemical Aspects of GLOBEC-China Programs and Potential to China Programs and Potential to

GLOBEC-IMBER Study in ChinaGLOBEC-IMBER Study in China

Jing ZhangJing Zhang1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Re1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200search, East China Normal University, Shanghai 2000620622. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003

116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 131

Riverine Input

Atmospheric Depositions

Biogeochemical Cycle

Kuroshio

Sediment – Water InterfaceShelf-Edge Exchange

Question 3: Nutrient Dynamics

Scientific Questions:Scientific Questions:1. How the transfer of chemical materials 1. How the transfer of chemical materials

across the boundary affects the ecosystem of across the boundary affects the ecosystem of the East China Sea and Yellow Seathe East China Sea and Yellow Sea- on cycles of chemical elements?- on cycles of chemical elements?- on nutrient budgets?- on nutrient budgets?

2. To what extent the biogeochemical processes 2. To what extent the biogeochemical processes affects the carbon cycle and fisheriesaffects the carbon cycle and fisheries- on the food web structure?- on the food web structure?- on transform of nutrient limitation?- on transform of nutrient limitation?- on comparison of new and recycled - on comparison of new and recycled production?production?

Measurements and SimulationMeasurements and Simulation

• Nutrients (NONutrients (NO33--, NH, NH44++, NO, NO22--, PO, PO443-3-, and SiO, and SiO332-2-) an) and DOC/Nd DOC/N• Trace species [Al, As (III+V), CHTrace species [Al, As (III+V), CH44, and N, and N22O]O]• POC/N, C-13, N-15, and particulate metalsPOC/N, C-13, N-15, and particulate metals• Radio isotopes (e.g. Radio isotopes (e.g. 210210Pb, Pb, 77Be, Be, 234234Th, Th, 226226Ra and Ra and 22

2828Ra)Ra)• Bio-markers (e.g. Alkanes, PAHs, AA and FAs)Bio-markers (e.g. Alkanes, PAHs, AA and FAs)

0 9 1 8 k m

1 2 1 0 0 E° ′ 1 2 1 3 0° ′ 1 2 2 0 0° ′ 1 2 2 3 0° ′

3 1 3 0° ′

3 1 0 0° ′

- 1 0 m

0 m

- 5 m

- 5 m

- 5 m

N3 2 0 0 N° ′

B Z 2 B Z 3

Z D D 3 Z D D 5

Z D D 9

C Y 4C Y 7

X W H 3X W H 5

X Y Z 2 - 1F D D 1F D D 3

F D D 11F D D 1 5Z H E R 1

X Y Z 1 0

X Y Z 9

X Y Z 8X Y Z 5

X Y Z 4

X Y Z 3

WY3W Y 2

Z J 1Z J 3

C Y 1

X Y Z 2 1X Y Z 2 2

X Y Z 7

X Y Z 6

X L J

E a s t C h in a S e a

HPJ

S h a n g h a i

J i a n g s u

a

A 1A 2

A 3A 4

A 5A 6

C 1 C 2 C 3C 4

C 5C 6 C 7C 8C 9C 1 0C 1 1

P 3P 4P 5p 6P 7

P 8P 8 - 1P 9P 1 0

P 1 1P 1 2

T 1T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T 7T 8T 9

Y 1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y 5 Y 6

Phosphorus in Food Web32P (t1/2=14.3 d）33P (t1/2=25.3 d）

Atomospheric Input

Up-take

Zooplankton

Water ColumnPhytoplankton

Predation

Zhang et al., ECSS, 2004

千里岩

0

0. 1

0. 2

0. 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12月

(nmo

l/m

浓度

3 )

PhosphateSi l i cate

嵊泗群岛

0

30

60

90

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12月

(nmo

l/m

浓度

3 )

Ni t rate+Ni t r i cAmmoni um

千里岩

0

30

60

90

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12月

(nmo

l/m

浓度

3 )Ni t rate+Ni t r i cAmmoni um

嵊泗群岛

0. 00

0. 06

0. 12

0. 18

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12月

(nmo

l/m

浓度

3 )

PhosphateSi l i cat e

Aerosol nutrients over the Yellow Sea (upper panel) and East China Sea (lower panel)

Silica flux (mmol m-2 d-1) at sediment – water interface of the ECS

Station E4 E4 E5 E6 E6

Cruise 2000-10 2001-5 2001-5 2000-10 2001-5

DM 0.712 0.018 1.84 0.439 0.638

BC 0.464 0.546 2.63 1.86

DM: calculation from pore water profile, BC: data from in situ incubations

E5 (2001-5)

0

10

20

30

0 0.5 1BSi (%)D

epth

(m)

E4 (2000-10)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 0.5 1BSi (%)

Dep

th (m

)

In the ECS BSi<1%, similar to Chesapeake Bay, Yellow Sea and Bohai.

Transport Salinity Water flux Al Al flux m3 yr-1 M ×109 g yr-1 Input Changjiang 0 1012 0.69±0.40 16.0±9.3 Atmospheric 0 12.3±4.1 Kuroshio Surface Water 34.33 0.58×1013 0.022±0.004 3.4±0.6 Kuroshio Subsurface Water

34.68 1.54×1013 0.016±0.001 6.6±0.4

Taiwan Current Warm Water

33.50a 1.58×1013 0.042±0.033 17.9±14.1

Output Shelf water export 33.42 3.83×1013 0.031±0.05 32.0±5.2 Sediment-water interface 0.043±0.029

Distance from Changjiang River mouth (km)

Dep

th (m

)

-50

-100

-150

-400

-650

-900

-1150

P12 P11 P10 P9 P8 E6 P7 P6 P5 P4 P3

Sep-2002, unit %

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Impact of Changjiang water on the PN section (East China Sea) in September 2002.

Longitude

S tation

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

De

pth

/

m

P 14E4 P11 P10 P 9 P8 E 6 P7 P6 P5 P 4 P3

024681 01 52 03 04 05 06 07 08 0

123 124 125 126 127

TSM: mg/l

C/N ratio (atom)

8.1

8.9

Decreased

[POM]=- 0. 38Ln(Km)+2. 40r 2=0. 95

00. 20. 40. 60. 8

1

0 200 400 600km

Ter

rige

nous

POM

Changjiang

ECS

Taiwan Strait NO3

-: 7.10 NH4

+: 1.35 PO4

3-: 0.359 SiO3

2-: 14.7

Bottom Sediment NO3

-: 0.11 NH4

+: 1.01 PO4

3-: 0.025 SiO3

2-: 2.51

River NO3

-: 2.76 NH4

+: 0.182 PO4

3-: 0.013 SiO3

2-: 3.94

Kuroshio NO3

-: 5.43 NH4

+: 0.47 PO4

3-: 0.384 SiO3

2-: 6.20

Outflow NO3

-: 11.8 NH4

+: 2.38 PO4

3-: 0.57 SiO3

2-: 20.1

Yellow Sea NO3

-: 0.027 NH4

+: 0.008 PO4

3-: 0.004 SiO3

2-: 0.107

Atmosphere NO3

-: 0.37 NH4

+: 0.80 PO4

3-: 0.002 SiO3

2-: 0.047

East China Sea Shelf

a. Summer

unit: 103 mol/s

b. Winter

Yellow Sea NO3

-: 0.053 NH4

+: 0.013 PO4

3-: 0.006 SiO3

2-: 0.111

Outflow NO3

-: 17.1 NH4

+: 0.98 PO4

3-: 1.34 SiO3

2-: 33.6

Kuroshio NO3

-: 12.6 NH4

+: 0.97 PO4

3-: 0.92 SiO3

2-: 23.7

River NO3

-: 0.765 NH4

+: 0.195 PO4

3-: 0.006 SiO3

2-: 1.37 Bottom Sediment

NO3-: 0.11

NH4+: 1.01

PO43-: 0.025

SiO32-: 2.51

Taiwan Strait NO3

-: 5.73 NH4

+: 0.69 PO4

3-: 0.46 SiO3

2-: 17.9

Atmosphere NO3

-: 0.71 NH4

+: 1.27 PO4

3-: 0.003 SiO3

2-: 0.017

East China Sea Shelf

unit: 103 mol/s

Muscl e of Engraul i s J aponi cus

=0. 45BL+3. 15r 2=0. 68

05

1015

0 5 10 15 20Body Length ( cm)

N-15

(%o

)

Muscl e of Engraul i s J aponi cus

13C=0. 17BL- 21. 9r 2=0. 82

- 22

- 20

- 180 5 10 15 20

Body Length ( cm)

C-13

(%o

)

Towards developing GLOBEC-IMBER Studies Towards developing GLOBEC-IMBER Studies in Chinain China

OCEANS OSM (Paris, 7-10 January, 2003)OCEANS OSM (Paris, 7-10 January, 2003) March – May, 2003: Series of workshops on the possibility of iMarch – May, 2003: Series of workshops on the possibility of integration of GLOBEC and IMBER studies in Chinantegration of GLOBEC and IMBER studies in China August, 2003: Establishment of a joint working group of GLOAugust, 2003: Establishment of a joint working group of GLOBEC and IMBER within frame of CNC-IGBPBEC and IMBER within frame of CNC-IGBP May 26-28, 2004: “Xiangshan Forum” on “Sustainable EcoMay 26-28, 2004: “Xiangshan Forum” on “Sustainable Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry in the Coastal Ocean” (No. 22system and Biogeochemistry in the Coastal Ocean” (No. 228)8) October, 2004: Final examination of GLOBEC-China II “EcosyOctober, 2004: Final examination of GLOBEC-China II “Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainable Use of Marine Resources in tstem Dynamics and Sustainable Use of Marine Resources in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea”he Yellow Sea and East China Sea” 2005: Development of national study on GLOBEC-IMBER in C2005: Development of national study on GLOBEC-IMBER in Chinahina

Thank You!