chemical and physical properties of ocean water. ocean water has chemical and physical properties....
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Chemical and Physical Properties of Ocean Water
Ocean water has chemical and physical properties.
Chemical properties are what it is made of, and what is in it.
Physical properties are its density, saltiness and temperature.
Ocean water is made up mostly of
1. Fresh water ~ 96.5%
2. Salt ~ about 3.5%
a. The most abundant salt is NaCl (table salt)
b. There are other types also
There are three main gasses in our atmosphere
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
There are three main gasses in our atmosphere
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
These are the same three gases that are dissolved in the
ocean.
Carbon dioxide dissolves the best, and it also dissolves best at low temperatures
The water of the ocean is the least salty in two areas.
1. The North and South Poles.
a. In these areas, the ice is melting off of the ice, and is making the water more fresh.
b. There is not much evaporation in these areas, because it is so cold.
2. The Equatorial regions
a. At the equator, it rains a LOT
b. There is a lot of evaporation, but there is more rain.
Ocean water is the coldest near the two poles
1. That is where the light hits the water at an angle far less than 90º, and often near 0º.
2. There are large areas of ice and snow that reflect away the light that does come to the area.
The temperature of ocean water changes with depth.
1. It does not change evenly
2. It changes suddenly at a place called the thermocline
a. The thermocline reflects sounds
b. Submarines and whales use it
The density of ocean water changes with depth and salinity.
1. It does not change evenly
2. It changes suddenly at a place called the thermocline
a. The thermocline reflects sounds
b. Submarines and whales use it
Why is the ocean blue?
Sunlight shines on the ocean, and all the colors of the rainbow go into the water. Red, yellow, green, and blue all go into the sea. Then, the sea absorbs the red, yellow, and green light, leaving the blue light. Some of the blue light scatters off water molecules, and the scattered blue light comes back out of the sea. This is the blue you see.
There are three layers of the ocean water
1. The surface waters
2. The transition waters
3. The deep ocean waters
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
It is a paradox, but if there is a lot of growth of plants in many parts of the ocean, then plant growth will stop.
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
It is a paradox, but if there is a lot of growth of plants in many parts of the ocean, then plant growth will stop.
This is because the plants will use up their resources, that are needed for growth.
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
It is a paradox, but if there is a lot of growth of plants in many parts of the ocean, then plant growth will stop.
This is because the plants will use up their resources, that are needed for growth.
The plants grow at the surface, with sunlight, and take the nutrients to the bottom of the ocean when they die.
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
It is a paradox, but if there is a lot of growth of plants in many parts of the ocean, then plant growth will stop.
This is because the plants will use up their resources, that are needed for growth.
The plants grow at the surface, with sunlight, and take the nutrients to the bottom of the ocean when they die.
a. The nutrients are needed at the surface, where the sunlight is, but
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
It is a paradox, but if there is a lot of growth of plants in many parts of the ocean, then plant growth will stop.
This is because the plants will use up their resources, that are needed for growth.
The plants grow at the surface, with sunlight, and take the nutrients to the bottom of the ocean when they die.
a. The nutrients are needed at the surface, where the sunlight is, butb. The nutrients tend to accumulate at the bottom, where they are really not needed.
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
Upwelling can bring nutrients to the surface.1. Off shore winds blow to the sea,
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
Upwelling can bring nutrients to the surface.1.Off shore winds blow to the sea,2.Which bring up the deep water and nutrients.
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
Upwelling can bring nutrients to the surface.1.Off shore winds blow to the sea,2.Which bring up the deep water and nutrients.3.This is slowed or stopped by an El Nino event.
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
Light can only penetrate about 100 meters into the Ocean.
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
Light can only penetrate about 100 meters into the Ocean.1.That means that plants can only grow in the first 100 meters of the ocean.
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
Light can only penetrate about 100 meters into the Ocean.1.That means that plants can only grow in the first 100 meters of the ocean.2.That means that the animals that live on the plants will also be found in the first 100 meters.
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
Light can only penetrate about 100 meters into the Ocean.1.That means that plants can only grow in the first 100 meters of the ocean.2.That means that the animals that live on the plants will also be found in the first 100 meters.
Free floating plants and animals are called PLANKTON
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
Light can only penetrate about 100 meters into the Ocean.1.That means that plants can only grow in the first 100 meters of the ocean.2.That means that the animals that live on the plants will also be found in the first 100 meters.
Free floating plants and animals are called PLANKTON
Free floating plants are called PHYTOPLANKTON
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
Light can only penetrate about 100 meters into the Ocean.1.That means that plants can only grow in the first 100 meters of the ocean.2.That means that the animals that live on the plants will also be found in the first 100 meters.
Free floating plants and animals are called PLANKTON
Free floating plants are called PHYTOPLANKTON
Free floating animals are called ZOOPLANKTON
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
Light can only penetrate about 100 meters into the Ocean.1.That means that plants can only grow in the first 100 meters of the ocean.2.That means that the animals that live on the plants will also be found in the first 100 meters.
Free floating plants and animals are called PLANKTON
Free floating plants are called PHYTOPLANKTON
Free floating animals are called ZOOPLANKTON
Both ZOOPLANKTON and PHYTOPLANKTON will be eaten by swimmers, called NEKTON
Section 21.2 Life in the Oceans
Light can only penetrate about 100 meters into the Ocean.1.That means that plants can only grow in the first 100 meters of the ocean.2.That means that the animals that live on the plants will also be found in the first 100 meters.
Free floating plants and animals are called PLANKTON
Free floating plants are called PHYTOPLANKTON
Free floating animals are called ZOOPLANKTON
Both ZOOPLANKTON and PHYTOPLANKTON will be eaten by swimmers, called NEKTON
Animals that don’t swim, but live on the ocean floor, are called BENTHOS
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC
a. The INTERTIDAL ZONE is that part of the ocean that will lie between high tide and low tide.
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC
a. The INTERTIDAL ZONE is that part of the ocean that will lie between high tide and low tide.
b. The SUBLITTORAL ZONE is always underwater, but the water is shallow. This will be on the continental shelf.
i. This is the area with the most life
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC
a. The INTERTIDAL ZONE is that part of the ocean that will lie between high tide and low tide.
b. The SUBLITTORAL ZONE is always underwater, but the water is shallow. This will be on the continental shelf.
i. This is the area with the most lifeii. This area is very close to the energy
given off by the Sun.
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC
a. The INTERTIDAL ZONE is that part of the ocean that will lie between high tide and low tide.
b. The SUBLITTORAL ZONE is always underwater, but the water is shallow. This will be on the continental shelf.
i. This is the area with the most lifeii. This area is very close to the energy
given off by the Sun.
c. The BATHYAL zone goes from the top of the
continental slope, to about 4,000 meters.
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC
c. The BATHYAL zone goes from the top of the
continental slope, to about 4,000 meters.i. Not a lot of light (almost none)
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC
c. The BATHYAL zone goes from the top of the
continental slope, to about 4,000 meters.i. Not a lot of light (almost none)ii. Life is really hard.
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC
c. The BATHYAL zone goes from the top of the
continental slope, to about 4,000 meters.i. Not a lot of light (almost none)ii. Life is really hard.
d. The ABYSSAL zone goes from 4,000
meters to about 6,000 meters.
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC
c. The BATHYAL zone goes from the top of the
continental slope, to about 4,000 meters.i. Not a lot of light (almost none)ii. Life is really hard.
d. The ABYSSAL zone goes from 4,000
meters to about 6,000 meters.i. No light
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC
c. The BATHYAL zone goes from the top of the
continental slope, to about 4,000 meters.i. Not a lot of light (almost none)ii. Life is really hard.
d. The ABYSSAL zone goes from 4,000
meters to about 6,000 meters.i. No lightii. Thing live on “ocean snow”
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC
c. The BATHYAL zone goes from the top of the
continental slope, to about 4,000 meters.i. Not a lot of light (almost none)ii. Life is really hard.
d. The ABYSSAL zone goes from 4,000
meters to about 6,000 meters.i. No lightii. Thing live on “ocean snow”
e. The HADAL zone is the trenches.
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC2. The water in the oceans is called PELAGIC zone.
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC2. The water in the oceans is called PELAGIC zone.
a. The nearest part of the Pelagic zone is NETRIC.
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC2. The water in the oceans is called PELAGIC zone.
a. The nearest part of the Pelagic zone is NETRIC.
i. Lots of light, so often lots of life
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC2. The water in the oceans is called PELAGIC zone.
a. The nearest part of the Pelagic zone is NETRIC.
i. Lots of light, so often lots of life ii. Most of our seafood comes from this area
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC2. The water in the oceans is called PELAGIC zone.
a. The nearest part of the Pelagic zone is NETRIC.
i. Lots of light, so often lots of life ii. Most of our seafood comes from this areab. The farther out parts (past the continental shelf)
is theOCEANIC zone.
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC2. The water in the oceans is called PELAGIC zone.
a. The nearest part of the Pelagic zone is NETRIC.
i. Lots of light, so often lots of life ii. Most of our seafood comes from this areab. The farther out parts (past the continental shelf)
is theOCEANIC zone.i.
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC2. The water in the oceans is called PELAGIC zone.
a. The nearest part of the Pelagic zone is NETRIC.
i. Lots of light, so often lots of life ii. Most of our seafood comes from this areab. The farther out parts (past the continental shelf)
is theOCEANIC zone.i. Upper layers have lots of life, because of
Sun.
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC2. The water in the oceans is called PELAGIC zone.
a. The nearest part of the Pelagic zone is NETRIC.
i. Lots of light, so often lots of life ii. Most of our seafood comes from this areab. The farther out parts (past the continental shelf)
is theOCEANIC zone.i. Upper layers have lots of life, because of
Sun.ii. As one goes down, there is less light, less
life.
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.
1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC2. The water in the oceans is called PELAGIC zone.
a. The nearest part of the Pelagic zone is NETRIC.
i. Lots of light, so often lots of life ii. Most of our seafood comes from this areab. The farther out parts (past the continental shelf)
is theOCEANIC zone.i. Upper layers have lots of life, because of
Sun.ii. As one goes down, there is less light, less
life.iii. Epipelagic, Mesopelagic, Bathypelagic, Abyssopelagic
Section 21.2 Environments of the Oceans
The oceans have two overall environments.1.The bottom of the oceans, actual mud, is called BENTHIC2. The water in the oceans is called PELAGIC zone.
a. The nearest part of the Pelagic zone is NETRIC.
i. Lots of light, so often lots of life ii. Most of our seafood comes from this areab. The farther out parts (past the continental shelf)
is theOCEANIC zone.i. Upper layers have lots of life, because of
Sun.ii. As one goes down, there is less light, less
life.iii. Epipelagic, Mesopelagic, Bathypelagic, Abyssopelagiciv The idea of Hadalpelagic has not caught
on yet
21.3 Ocean Resources
The number one resource of the ocean water is freshwater.
1. Desalination ~ any method of removing salt, from salt water.
21.3 Ocean Resources
The number one resource of the ocean water is freshwater.
1. Desalination ~ any method of removing salt, from salt water.
21.3 Ocean Resources
The number one resource of the ocean water is freshwater.
1. Desalination ~ any method of removing salt, from salt water.
Reverse osmosis process
21.3 Ocean Resources
The number one resource of the ocean water is freshwater.
1. Desalination ~ any method of removing salt, from salt water.
Resources of the ocean also include minerals from the bottom.
Fish have to be included as an important resource of the oceans. It is limited and fragile.
The catch of this type of North Atlantic Cod has dropped to epic lows.
Quantity and value of farm raised fish
