chem project hiren
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BHAGWATI INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC
SCHOOL
DR. INDU DAYAL MESHRI PRIMARY
ENGLISH SCHOOL, PATAN
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
ON
“EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL PRESENT
IN ANISEED (SAUNF).
SUBMITTED BY:- HIREN M. THAKKAR
GUIDE BY:- MR.NABAKISHOR SOROKHAIBAM
ROLL NO.:- ________________
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Master Hiren
Thakkar, a student of class XII Science,
worked on project titled” Extraction of
essential oil present in Aniseed
(saunf)” held in Bhagwati InternationalPublic School in the academic year !"#$
"%&
'e worked sincerely under the guidance
of faculties and has prepared this
dissertation&
Sinature Sinature
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Sinature
(External Teacher) (Inchare Teacher)
(!rincipal)
AC"#$%&E'EE#T
*irst of all, my sincere thanks go tothe +lmighty to the support me in my
way& I am thankful to 'r* Ra+endra s*
al,al- the principal of Bhagwati
International Public School& I would
like to show my great appreciation tor* #a.kishore Sorokhai.a/* The
guidance and support which I receied
from my classmates contributes to
this project, and is ital for the
success of this project& I am grateful
for their constant support and help& I
also owe a deep sense of gratitude to
my parents for the encouragement
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and support throughout the project&
Hiren * Thakkar
I#'E0
S.No. Contents Page No.
I. +im -
II. Introduction #
III. +niseed .ssential /il 0
IV. 1e2uirements "
V. Procedure "3
VI. /bseration "-
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VII. Bibliography "%
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I#TR$'CTI$#
4e are all familiar with the pleasantodours coming out from 5owers,spices and many trees& The essenceor aromas of plants are due to olatileoils present in them& These smelling
olatile oils present in plants arecalled essential oils& 6innamon, cloe,cumin, eucalyptus, garlic, jasmine,peppermint, rose, sandalwood,spearmint, thyme, wintergreen is afew familiar e7amples of aluable
essential oils& The term 8essential oils9literally means 8oils deried from theessence9 of plants&
.ssential oils are mainly used for their
pleasant/doursin perfumes and as 5aoring agents infoods& Some areused in medicines (e&g&, camphor,
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wintergreen, eucalyptus) others as insectrepellants
(e&g&, citronella)& 6hemically essential oilsare compo$sed ofcomple7 mi7tures of ester, alcohols, phenols,
aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons&
They are essentially non$polar compoundsand are thus soluble in non$polar solentssuch as petroleum ether, ben:ene etc&.ssential oils may occur in all parts of theplant, but they are often concentrated in
the seeds or 5owers& They are obtainedfrom the plants by the process of
steam distillation and e7traction& Thetechni2ue of
steam distillation permits the separationof olatile components from non$olatilematerials without raising the temperatureof the distillation aboe "!!; 6& Thussteamdistillation reduces the risk ofdecomposition of essential oils&
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A#ISEE' ESSE#TIA&
$I&
Aniseed !lant
+niseed, on steam distillation, yields anessential oil, known as </il of +niseed<,which has now replaced the fruits formedicinal and 5aoring purposes&
+niseed oil is a colorless or pale$yellowli2uid haing the characteristic odor andtaste of the fruit& The yield of oilgenerally aries from "&= to 3&" percent&'igher alues up to # per cent haebeen reported from Syrian aniseed&
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6rushing of fruits prior to distillationgies better yields of oil& The materialshould be distilled soon after thecrushing to preent any loss of oil dueto eaporation& +niseed oil is a highlyrefractie li2uid, which solidi>es oncooling& The congealing point dependsmuch on the anethole content and is aaluable criterion for ealuating the oil&.7posure of the oil to air causespolymeri:ation, and some o7idation alsotakes place with the formation ofanisaldehyde and anisic acid.
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Aniseed Oil The chief constituent of aniseedoil is anethole, which is present to the
e7tent of 0! to =! percent and is mainlyresponsible for the characteristic 5aor of
the oil& The oil also contains methylchaicol, p$metho7yphenyl acetone, and
small amount of terpenes and sulfurcontaining compounds of disagreeable
odour&
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6ommon Method of .7traction? $ Steam
@istillation6olor? $ 6lear
Botanical Aame? $ Pimpinella anisum
+romatic @escription?$ @istinctie scentof licorice& 1ich and sweet&
6onstituents? $ a$pinene, camphene, B$pinene, linalool, cis$anethole, trans$anethole, safrole, anisaldehyde,acetoanisole&
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ses of Aniseed $il2 $
In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil isused to treat colds and 5u&
+niseed oil can be made into a li2uidscent and is used for both hunting and
>shing& It is put on >shing lures toattract >sh&
/il of aniseed is also reported to beused as an aromatic carminatie toreliee 5atulence, and as an ingredient
of cough lo:enges in combination withli2uorice&
.ssential oil is also used e7ternally asan insecticide against small insects suchas head lice, mites and ermin&
+nethole, the principal component ofanise oil, is a precursor that caneentually produce ,-$dimetho7yben:aldehyde which is can be used inthe clandestine synthesis of psychedelicdrugs such as 6$B, 6$I and @/B&
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RE3IREE#TS2 4
Steam enerator (cooper essel)&
1ound bottom 5ask (-!! ml)&
Iron stand&
Tripod stand&
6onical 5ask&
Seperatory funnel&
6ondenser&
lass tubes&
+niseed (saunf)&
Petroleum ether&
Sand bath&
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Burners&
!rocedure2 4
"&Set the apparatus as shown in thepicture of .7perimental Setup& Theapparatus consists of a steam generator
connected to the round bottom 5askthrough a glass inlet tube& The 5ask isconnected to a water condenser througha glass outlet tube& 6ondenser is furtherattached to a receier through an
adaptor&&Take about %-! ml of water in the steamgenerator and start heating to producesteam&
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3&In the round bottom 5ask take about %-gm of crushed saunf&
C& + igorous current of steam from steamgenerator is passed through the roundbottom 5ask&
-&+ part of the steam condenses in theround bottom 5ask& +s more and more
steam is passed, the steam olatilecomponents of saunf pass through thecondenser along with steam& Thesecontents on condensation are collected inthe
receier&
#& The contents in the round bottom 5askmay be heated by a Bunsen burner topreent e7cessie condensation of steam&
%& The process of steam distillation iscontinued for about half an hour&
0& Transfer the distillate to a separatingfunnel and e7tract with ! ml portions ofpetroleum ether 3 times&
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=& 6ombine the petroleum ether e7tractsin a -! ml conical 5ask and dry it withthe help of anhydrous sodium sulphate&
"!& 1emoe the solent from the dried>ltrate by careful distillation in a waterbath& The essential oil is left behind in thedistillation 5ask&
""&*ind the weight of the e7tractedessential oil& Aote the color, odour andweight of the essential oil&
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Experi/ental Setup2
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$5SER6ATI$#S2 4
1*)Saunf (Aniseed)2 4
4eight of Saunf taken D "!! gm
Initial 4eight of the bottle D "!gm(7)
4eight of bottle E essential oil D ""&-
gm(y)
4eight of essential oil e7tracted D(y$7)
D"&- gm
Percentage of essential oil D (yF"!!)
G"!!D"&- H
6olor of the oil D 6olorless
/dour of the oil D Saunf like smell&
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7*) A+,ain (Caru/)2 4
4eight of +jwain taken D %- gm
Initial 4eight of the bottle D "! gm(7)
4eight of bottle E essential oil D ""
gm(y)
4eight of essential oil e7tracted D(y$7)
D" gm
Percentage of essential oil D (yF%-)
G"!!D"&33H
6olor of the oil D 6olorless
/dour of the oil D +jwain like smell&
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5I5&I$RA!H8
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anise
MODERN’S abc OF CEM!S"R# $A%
MAN&A$'(!!).
www.indianet*one.co+
www.eba,.co+