Practice Test (US History EOCT & Social Studies GHSGT) 2008-2009Name:_____________________________________________ Date:________________________

1. What action did the United States take when the Soviet Union blocked road, rail, and canal transportation routes to West Berlin in 1948?

A. It transported supplies to the city by airlift. B. It built a wall around the city. C. It sent tanks and troops to free the city. D. It negotiated a new treaty with the Soviets.

2. Use the flow chart to answer the question.

Which of the following events should appear in the box with the question mark?

A. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii B. Germany's invasion of Poland C. Germany's attack on Great Britain

D. Italy's invasion of Ethiopia

3. During the Korean War, the United Nations forces led by the United States succeeded in achieving their primary goal of

A. ending Communist rule in North Korea. B. preventing South Korea from annexing North Korea. C. preserving an anti-communist government in South Korea. D. freeing Korea from Japanese control.

4. Use this quote to answer the question.

"Let me assert [declare] my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself."

—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, March 4, 1933

In his first inaugural address, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was warning the American people NOT to be discouraged by the effects of

A. Adolph Hitler's rise to power in Germany B. Japanese expansion in the Pacific C. the Great Depression D. Prohibition

5. Which of the following was a program created in the New Deal that still accounts for a large share of federal spending?

A. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) B. WPA Federal Writers' Project C. Social Security system D. National Recovery Administration (NRA)

6. What was the effect on the United States of the sinking of the ship Lusitania by a German submarine in 1915?

A. It led to an immediate United States declaration of war against Germany. B. It aroused public anger against Germany and led President Wilson to demand that Germany respect the rights of travelers from neutral countries. C. It led President Wilson to prohibit Americans from traveling on the ships of countries involved in the war. D. It led President Wilson to sign a lendlease plan to provide Great Britain with military supplies.

7. Why did President Kennedy approve the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles supported by the Central Intelligence Agency in 1961?

A. Castro had formed an anti-United States alliance with Venezuela and Nicaragua. B. Castro had developed close economic and political ties to the Soviet Union. C. Castro had cut off all Cuban trade with the United States. D. Castro had released political prisoners into the United States, many of whom were criminals.

8.

This editorial cartoon from the mid-1910s suggests that the United States

A. should stop sailing in dangerous waters in times of war. B. should stop sinking peaceful ocean liners and merchant ships. C. will no longer tolerate unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany. D. will continue to sink German ships in retaliation for German aggression.

9.

The 1927 motion picture The Jazz Singer introduced synchronized sound to motion pictures.The impact of this movie MOST LIKELY represents

A. increased social unrest following WW II. B. increased political unrest following WW II. C. the advancement of technology following WW I. D. the advancement of civil rights following WW I.

10. In an effort to escape the "Dust Bowl," many people

A. moved from California. B. moved from the Great Plains states. C. registered for military service in World War I.

D. found jobs constructing the Transcontinental Railroad.

11. Which of these was a PRIMARY cause of the Dust Bowl?

A. the overworking of farmlands in the Great Plains B. a decrease in demand of agricultural goods C. low dairy prices in the Midwest D. the Great Depression

12. Which of the following helps to explain the reason for American expansionism in the mid-1800s and early 1900s?

A. The United States sought new markets for agricultural and industrial products. B. The United States wanted to establish colonies in Asia, Africa, and Australia. C. United States foreign policy rejected the theory of "Social Darwinism." D. The United States military wanted to establish overseas bases and recruit from those locations.

13. Which of the following contributed MOST to the forced removal of Native Americans from the Great Plains from 1867 to 1890?

A. the desire to establish military posts B. the building of new canals C. the westward shift of the frontier D. the desire for more land to grow cotton

14. When Theodore Roosevelt said, "Speak softly and carry a big stick," he was trying to gain support for

A. imposing harsh laws to reduce crime. B. supporting woman suffrage to expand civil rights. C. building a powerful navy to aid United States diplomacy. D. using the national forests to stimulate building projects.

15. The Supreme Court decided in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that segregated

accommodations were constitutionally allowable as long as they were equal. So the doctrine of "separate but equal" was established. Why did many people object to that ruling?

A. People wanted a chance to live their own lives in their separate communities without the interference of government. B. People thought it was unnecessary to make such a ruling. If people did not like their situation, they must improve it themselves. C. People believed there were some instances where segregation was not important. They believed they should be able to decide case by case. D. People knew that the reality of the situation was based upon inequality. If institutions were separate, they could not be equal.

16. On May 10, 1869, in Promontory, Utah, the East and the West became connected by the completion of

A. a telegraph line reaching from New York to San Francisco. B. the Transcontinental Railroad. C. the Oregon Trail system. D. the stations that served the Pony Express.

17. In the 1860s, a railroad was built connecting the East Coast of the United States with the West Coast. What was one important effect of this?

A. It took longer to travel from San Francisco to New York. B. People did not use any other form of transportation. C. It became quicker to travel from San Francisco to New York. D. People could now fly by airplane to get to places more quickly.

18. Great Britain won the French and Indian War, which ended in 1763. Most of the English colonists

A. declared their freedom from Great Britain. B. supported Great Britain in the war effort. C. stayed neutral and did not support either side. D. supported France in the war effort.

19. The size and power of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company caused

A. the government to pass anti-trust laws.

B. the public to accept the benefits of monopolies. C. many other businessmen to enter the oil business. D. many rich people during the era to give away millions of dollars.

20. The Pullman Strike of 1894 was an important event in the history of organized labor because it showed that

A. the Federal government was willing to back the concerns of working-class people instead of backing giant corporations. B. unions were powerful enough to break the restrictions placed on them by management and the regulations set by Congress. C. the needs and concerns of union members mattered less to the government than the needs and concerns of industrial executives. D. unions were infiltrated by anarchists after people were killed during the strike in Chicago, Illinois.

21. In the era of the "Muckrakers," Ida Tarbell became known for exposing the abuses of

A. the oil industry. B. the steel industry. C. the Federal government. D. state and local governments.

22.

"And he calls his great organization a benefaction, and points to his church-going and charities as proof of his righteousness. This is supreme wrong-doing cloaked by religion. There is but one name for it -- hypocrisy."

Ida Tarbell discussing John D. RockefellerWhich of these is the best description of Ida Tarbell?

A. a United States Supreme Court Justice who ruled against Rockefeller in court B. a United States Senator who questioned industrial executives in Congress C. a labor organizer who attempted to get workers to strike D. a Muckraker who attempted to expose the abuses of Standard Oil

23. Where were American forces engaged in a guerilla war after the end of the Spanish-American War?

A. Cuba. B. Jamaica. C. Philippines. D. Puerto Rico.

24. President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society program extended New Deal reforms by

A. creating Medicare. B. establishing the Environmental Protection Agency.

C. requiring all people to pay Social Security taxes. D. reducing the national debt.

25. Increased automobile use in the 1950s motivated President Dwight Eisenhower to create

A. a standardized driving test. B. a fuel emissions standard. C. automobile safety standards. D. the interstate highway system.

26. Which of the following leaders during the Civil Rights era beginning in 1947 is BEST known for advocating non-violent demonstrations?

A. Martin Luther King, Jr. B. W. E. B. Du Bois C. Malcolm X D. Booker T. Washington

27. What was one major result of the "space race" that occurred during the 1950s and 1960s?

A. successful landing of Soviet astronauts on the Moon B. improvement of satellite telecommunications C. development of nuclear weapons in space D. creation of a model for international cooperation

28. What was an important way in which Americans sought to bring about equal rights for women in the 1980s?

A. pay equity B. voting rights C. working an 8-hour day D. job protection

29. President Richard Nixon’s second term in office ended when

A. he resigned. B. his term expired. C. he was impeached. D. he was defeated by Jimmy Carter.

30. Which of these BEST describes Earl Warren's tenure as the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court?

A. The country saw Prohibition ruled as unconstitutional. B. The country saw an expansion of civil rights and civil liberties. C. The Constitution was interpreted to place greater restrictions on individual liberties. D. The government was able to place restrictions on public protests to provide for public safety.

31. The assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert Kennedy in 1968 led to

A. increased social turmoil. B. stricter gun control laws. C. increased involvement in the Vietnam conflict. D. the decision of President Johnson not to run for reelection

32. During the tenure of Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court issued a ruling in the case of Miranda v. Arizona (1966). This ruling holds that

A. all accused people have the right to an attorney. B. schools cannot mandate prayer in public schools. C. any law banning flag burning is unconstitutional. D. students at public or private schools are not protected by the 5th Amendment.

33. Levittown was an important aspect of what post-World War II issue?

A. the Civil Rights Movement B. the growth of suburbs C. the G.I. Bill D. the Cold War

34. In 1956, the United States Congress passed the Interstate Highway Act with the MAIN purpose of

A. providing a system of roads for public defense. B. increasing suburban sprawl around major cities. C. allowing people to live further from work. D. increasing commerce between states. 35. The completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 allowed cheaper freight travel by water between Buffalo and

A. Boston. B. Baltimore. C. New York City. D. Washington, D.C.

36. Use these quotes to answer the question.

"The slaveholding states will no longer have the power of self-government, or self-protection, and the federal government will become their enemy . . ."

South Carolina legislature, Declaration of the Causes of Secession, 1860

"The Union is older than any of the states, and, in fact, it created them as states."

Abraham Lincoln, 1861

The quotes above represent two sides in which important conflict in American history?

A. the conflict over how much independence states should have in the federal system B. the conflict over what level of representation small states should have in the federal legislature C. the conflict over whether or not to add an amendment to the Constitution that would free all slaves D. the conflict over whether or not to forcibly remove Native Americans from their lands in the West

37. Use the flow chart below to answer the question

Which of the following "effects" should appear where you see the question mark?

A. Regional differences are peacefully resolved B. Congress changes earlier compromises to reduce tensions C. Slavery spreads into western territories. D. The United States enters into the period of Reconstruction

38. Why was the Fourteenth Amendment NOT successfully implemented in Southern states during the Reconstruction Era?

A. Southern states refused to acknowledge the amendment because of its provisions. B. Most Southern legislatures had been disbanded by the United States military. C. A majority of Southern states elected to remain outside the Union following the war. D. Southern states were allowed to make their own decisions about segregation legislation.

39. Study the information below and use it to answer the following question.

In President Kennedy's inaugural address he included the section, "To our sister republics south of the border, we offer a special pledge . . . a new alliance for progress . . . Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other

power know that this Hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house."

What previous American president's policy was President Kennedy using for support for his position?

A. President Monroe's Monroe Doctrine B. President McKinley's Open Door policy C. President Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal D. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Four Freedoms

40. Which of the following BEST describes African Americans and the right to vote in the South in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

A. African Americans had the right to vote in theory, but in practice they were often prevented from voting by various means. B. African Americans had the right to vote, but they generally chose not to participate in politics. C. African Americans who were former slaves or their descendants could not vote. D. African Americans were guaranteed the right to vote by federal troops.

41. The Confederate defeat at Vicksburg was important because it

A. ended the last major Confederate invasion of the North. B. resulted in the Confederacy being split in half along the Mississippi River. C. caused Jefferson Davis to resign as president of the Confederacy. D. forced Robert E. Lee to leave Virginia and take command in the West.

42. Which of these statements expresses an official U.S. government policy of the 1850s?

A. Alcohol consumption is dangerous and should be abolished. B. Immigration should be unrestricted and universal. C. Labor unions are immoral and should be prohibited. D. The nation has a right and a duty to expand to the Pacific Coast.

43. Both the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850 were intended to settle disputes over

A. immigration from Europe B. territorial conflicts with Mexico C. the spread of slavery

D. tariffs on imports

44. By 1863, MOST military planners knew that the South could not continue to fight indefinitely because

A. increasing numbers of Southern citizens no longer supported the Confederate cause. B. the Southern industrial base was too weak to support the expense of waging war. C. large numbers of former slaves were joining the union army. D. the Southern leadership was too inexperienced to fight against Northern armies and navies.

45.

Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Section 1.All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.By virtue of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Federal government is allowed to

A. allocate funding for government programs. B. create taxes on the income on all citizens. C. enforce laws on the behalf of all citizens. D. forbid states from placing limits on the rights of its citizens.

46. The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was primarily meant to

A. grant citizenship to all people born in the United States. B. end the institution of slavery in the United States. C. allow former slaves the right to vote. D. allow women the right to vote.

47. A PRIMARY reason for the Monroe Doctrine was the belief that

A. the defense of the country depended upon limiting European influence in the hemisphere. B. the policy of staying neutral in European affairs no longer appealed to the American people. C. it justified the greatly increasing military budget requested by the President. D. it would eliminate the growing threat of civil war in the United States.

48. Which of these BEST describes the belief of "Manifest Destiny"?

A. the post-World War II belief that the United States should send astronauts to the moon and return them safely B. the mid-19th century belief that the United States should occupy all lands between the

Atlantic and Pacific oceans C. the 19th century belief that slavery in the United States was a state issue and should not be dealt with by Congress D. the early 19th century belief that the United States should prevent any European military activity in the hemisphere 49. The nullification confrontation of 1832-1833 between President Andrew Jackson and South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun concerned

A. Jackson's attempts to abolish slavery in the South B. Calhoun's claim that a state has the power to ignore federal laws C. the constitutionality of the second Bank of the United States D. whether slavery would be allowed in western territories

50. Study the information below and use it to answer the following question.

In President Kennedy's inaugural address he included the section, "To our sister republics south of the border, we offer a special pledge . . . a new alliance for progress . . . Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this Hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house."

What previous American president's policy was President Kennedy using for support for his position?

A. President Monroe's Monroe Doctrine B. President McKinley's Open Door policy C. President Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal D. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Four Freedoms

51. Use the quote below to answer the question.

"You have secured to us the free navigation of the Mississippi. You have procured an immense and fertile country: and all these great blessings are obtained without bloodshed."

This quotation refers to

A. the Louisiana Purchase. B. gains from the Black Hawk War. C. the loss of British forts in the West. D. the annexation of Texas.

52. Which of the following was a belief held by John Brown (1800–1859)?

A. Individual states should decide whether to permit slavery. B. Abolitionists should work for gradual change. C. The South should work to diversify its economic base. D. Slavery should be abolished by violent means, if necessary.

53. Which of these statements expresses an official U.S. government policy of the 1850s?

A. Alcohol consumption is dangerous and should be abolished. B. Immigration should be unrestricted and universal. C. Labor unions are immoral and should be prohibited. D. The nation has a right and a duty to expand to the Pacific Coast.

54. Use this passage to answer the question.

"A treaty and agreement betwixt the commissioners for the United Colonies of New England on the one part and . . . [the] Sagamores of the Narraganset and Niantic Indians on the other part made and concluded at Boston in the Massachusetts the xxviith of the sixth month 1645."

This passage suggests that Sagamores were

A. tribal leaders. B. formal treaties. C. rival clans. D. wooded areas.

55. The leader of the national government meets leaders of other countries. Which government leader MOST LIKELY does this?

A. the president B. the senator C. the governor D. the mayor

56. Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution grants Congress the power to remove any member of the executive or judicial branches of government from office. According to the constitution, who has exclusive power over determining guilt or innocence in the impeachment process?

A. The Senate B. The House of Representatives C. The President D. The Supreme Court

57. Who is responsible for passing articles of impeachment?

A. Chief Justice of the United States B. House of Representatives C. Senate D. Supreme Court

58. How does the impeachment process contribute to the United States system of checks and balances in the Federal Government?

A. The Supreme Court is at the top of the legal system. B. It allows the President to veto Congressional policies. C. It provides Congress with the process to monitor the conduct of the President and members of the legislative branch. D. The checks and balance system serves to limit the powers of each of the three branches of the federal government.

59. Negotiating treaties illustrates the president's role as

A. Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. B. chief foreign policy leader. C. chief party leader. D. chief of state.

60. In what way are joint committees and conference committees similar to each other?

A. each are temporary committees B. members are called conferees C. both are composed of members of the House and Senate D. they function as study groups and report their findings to the House and Senate

61. Why does the President Pro Tempore usually preside over the Senate?

A. the Vice President is not allowed in the Senate chambers during debates or discussions B. the Vice President usually devotes time to executive branch duties C. the U.S. Constitution provides for the leadership of the Senate D. the President Pro Tempore is the majority leader in the Senate

62. Why do so few bills that are introduced actually become laws?

A. thousands of bills are introduced during each legislative session B. only the executive branch may submit bills to Congress C. the process is long and complicated providing sufficient opportunities to change, delay or kill a bill D. special interest groups lobby for the passage of their legislation which will benefit a small percentage of the population

63. King and Prime Minister Abdullah bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud of Saudi Arabia is being sued in Georgia. Which court has jurisdiction over his case?

A. United Nations court B. federal court C. state court D. local court

64. Article III of the Constitution implies judicial review. Establishment of the Supreme Court as an independent, coequal branch of the federal government MOST LIKELY occurred as a result of

A. Roe v. Wade. B. Marbury v. Madison. C. Gregg v. Georgia. D. Brown v. Board of Education.

65. How does the popular election of the House of Representatives reflect the principle of popular sovereignty?

A. provides for the consent of the governed B. divides power between the House and Senate C. limits the power of the government through popular vote D. allows for the House to exercise control over the other two branches of government

66. How can the Legislative Branch of the government check the Executive Branch?

A. declare that acts by the President are unconstitutional B. veto legislation proposed by the executive branch C. remove a President through impeachment D. approve appointments of judges

67. What role does Congress play in checking the power of the executive branch?

A. overrides Presidential vetoes B. the President may veto legislation C. reviews acts of Congress for compliance with the Constitution D. creates lower courts and may remove judges through impeachment

68. Which of the following is the BEST example of a person exercising his or her First Amendment rights?

A. Barbara is allowed acquire a permit to carry her rifle during deer hunting season. B. Albert refuses to allow authorities to search his home because they do not have a warrant. C. Dolores is upset with the mayor of her town, so she writes a letter to the editor to complain. D. George is accused of vandalism but cannot afford an attorney, so the state provides him with one.

69. How does the granting or denial of bail maintain the balance between individual liberties and the public interest?

A. granting bail can prevent a person from getting harmed in jail B. a person who is denied bail can better oversee his or her defense C. denying bail to a person considered dangerous protects the public D. granting bail allows a person to convince others of his or her innocence

70.

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.-NINETEENTH AMENDMENT, 1920How does the cartoon represent the 19th Amendment?

A. the crown depicts the image of women as queen in the home B. the ropes symbolize the restrictions against women voting C. it portrays the statue of liberty and the promise of freedom D. women did not receive the right to vote until the 20th century

71. The Declaration of Independence makes the argument that King George III of England has acted

A. in a generous manner. B. in a tyrannical manner. C. in an overstated manner. D. in an aggressive manner.

72. Why is philosopher John Locke important to the foundation of the United States of America?

A. His surrender at the Battle of Yorktown marked the end of the American Revolution. B. He was a military leader from England who helped George Washington train the Continental Army. C. He was part of the Second Continental Congress and one of the authors of the Declaration of Independence.

D. His ideas regarding a "social contract" between society and government influenced the Founding Fathers.

73. Use these quotes to answer the question.

"The slaveholding states will no longer have the power of self-government, or self-protection, and the federal government will become their enemy . . ."

South Carolina legislature, Declaration of the Causes of Secession, 1860

"The Union is older than any of the states, and, in fact, it created them as states."

Abraham Lincoln, 1861

The quotes above represent two sides in which important conflict in American history?

A. the conflict over how much independence states should have in the federal system B. the conflict over what level of representation small states should have in the federal legislature C. the conflict over whether or not to add an amendment to the Constitution that would free all slaves D. the conflict over whether or not to forcibly remove Native Americans from their lands in the West

74. Why did the British attempt to raise taxes in the colonies?

A. They needed to pay for the French and Indian War. B. They needed to fight the threat from Napoleon. C. Money was needed to finance colonial social programs. D. Money was needed to pay for Native American territory.

75. Use the information below to answer the question.

"For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us, so that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us, we shall be made a story and a byword through the world."

—John Winthrop,

A Model of Christian Charity, 1630

In the passage from the sermon above, what is Winthrop arguing?

A. that there were enormous opportunities for profit in America B. that the settlers were forming a morally righteous society that would serve as a model for a reformed England C. that the settlers were the chosen people of God and had a right to rule all others D. that the colonists should not establish their settlements in valleys

76. Who traveled the "Middle Passage"?

A. slaves going from Africa to the Caribbean B. traders carrying molasses to the Caribbean C. ship captains bringing rum to West Africa D. missionaries going to Africa from England

77. The Declaration of Independence is BEST described as

A. a description of a new institutional framework for democratic government B. a formal announcement of war between the colonies and Great Britain C. an explanation of why the colonies were dissolving political connections to Britain D. a statement that the United States would not become involved in foreign affairs

78. The Anti-Federalists were MOST concerned about retaining and protecting the power of the

A. state governments B. federal government C. Articles of Confederation D. U.S. Constitution

79. The Bill of Rights provides a guarantee of

A. freedom of religion B. the right to vote C. freedom to make a profit

D. the right to form a union

80. The Pilgrims moved first to Holland and then to Massachusetts so that they could

A. practice religion as they pleased B. educate Native Americans C. abolish the Church of England D. live in social and economic isolation

81. Virginia experienced a significant uprising in the mid-1600s over high taxes, low tobacco prices, and special privileges to people in government. This uprising was known as

A. Bacon' Rebellion. B. King William's War. C. Pontiac's Rebellion. D. the Powhatan Revolt.

82. William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania

A. to ensure religious freedom for the Quakers. B. to escape Indian attacks in western New Jersey. C. after Kentucky proved to be too harsh for survival. D. after he was forced to leave England for religious reasons.

83. The House of Burgesses in the Virginia Colony Represents which of these?

A. colonial rebellion against Great Britain B. Royal indifference towards the colonies C. colonial self-government in North America D. Royal rule over the North American colonies

84. The British form of mercantilism was dependent on the colonies to

A. manufacture goods. B. sell manufactured goods. C. buy manufactured goods. D. trade with other countries.

85. Under the British Mercantilistic system who was the major supplier of raw materials?

A. American Colonies B. Dutch East Indies C. French Colonies D. Spanish America

86. During the colonial era, why did Europeans benefit most from trans-Atlantic trade?

A. Native Americans were enslaved and provided low-cost labor B. mercantilist laws gave those countries a huge advantage in trade C. gold from British North America provided Europeans with vast wealth D. industrial goods produced there were demanded throughout the world

87. Which term often refers to the journey that slaves made aboard ships from Africa to the Americas?

A. Long Passage B. Rough Passage C. Middle Passage D. Right of Passage

88. Whom did Parliament expect to pay for defending the colonies in the French and Indian War?

A. French armies B. British colonists C. Native Americans D. all British Subjects

89. The manner in which George Washington dealt with the Whiskey Rebellion is significant because he

A. increased the power of state legislatures to deal with such issues B. used the power of the Federal government to enforce law. C. gave Congress the absolute control in issues over taxation. D. allowed the states to determine what was best.

90. Why did the members of the Constitutional Convention include the concept of "separation of powers" into the Constitution?

A. it allows the state and federal governments to keep specific powers B. it prevents one part of government from becoming too powerful C. it was a process used by the government in Great Britain D. it was a concept created by Enlightenment philosophers

91. Which of these BEST describes the impact of the War of 1812 on the United States?

A. Cuba was added as a colony B. independence was maintained C. Florida was added as a territory D. France was driven from North America

92. The emerging idea in the mid-1800's that the United States should control the land between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean is called what?

A. Manifest Destiny B. Mutual obligation C. American Destiny D. Manifest Obligation

93. The Nat Turner Rebellion had a significant impact on

A. the rights of slaves in the South. B. the eventual abolition of slavery. C. the spread of slavery westward. D. the Emancipation Proclamation.

94. Which of these events can be viewed as being a result of the failure of the Compromise of 1850?

A. the Spanish American War B. the American Civil War C. the Revolutionary War D. the Mexican War

95. Jefferson Davis held this position in the Confederate government.

A. Chief Justice B. President C. Secretary of State D. Vice-President

96. The Battle of Vicksburg in the Civil War was important because it

A. allowed the Union to gain control of the Mississippi River. B. was the last major Confederate victory in the Civil War. C. convinced Britain and France to loan aid to the Union. D. was an unsuccessful invasion of northern territory. 97. Which of these rivers has had the greatest historical impact on North Africa?

A. Nile B. Congo C. Tigris D. Euphrates

98. In geography, a desert is a landscape form or region that

A. is hot. B. is situated along the equator. C. receives less than ten inches of rainfall annually. D. is inhabited by less than three people per square mile.

99. India is often referred to as a "subcontinent" because

A. it was once under water. B. it is located to the south of most of Asia. C. it is perceived to be economically behind the rest of Asia. D. it is geographically different and separated from the rest of Asia.

100. Despite having the largest population in the world (an estimated 1.3 billion people in 2007) China has one of Asia's smaller population densities (135 people per square kilometer). Which explanation might account for the lower population density?

A. China is a large and still predominantly rural country.

B. Chinese life expectancy is among the lowest in the world. C. China has been under the control of the Communist Party since 1949. D. Traditionally, the elderly are treated with respect in Chinese culture.